CN110477222A - 一种抗蓝藻毒素的黄颡鱼配合饲料及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种抗蓝藻毒素的黄颡鱼配合饲料及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN110477222A
CN110477222A CN201910922134.1A CN201910922134A CN110477222A CN 110477222 A CN110477222 A CN 110477222A CN 201910922134 A CN201910922134 A CN 201910922134A CN 110477222 A CN110477222 A CN 110477222A
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李孝武
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种抗蓝藻毒素的黄颡鱼配合饲料及其制备方法，包括以下重量份组分：鱼粉15‑20份，豆粕25‑30份，菜粕8‑15份，花生粕5‑10份，玉米蛋白粉10‑15份，小麦粉15‑30份，米糠5‑10份，磷酸二氢钙1‑3份，多维预混物0.1‑0.5份，多矿预混物0.5‑1份，氯化胆碱0.1‑0.5份，食盐0.2‑0.5份，豆油1.5‑3.5份，抗氧化剂0.01‑0.05份，防霉剂0.1‑0.5份，显齿蛇葡萄干1‑5份，蒙脱石0.1‑2份。本发明具有抗氧化等功效，保护肝脏等器官健康；可以吸附部分蓝藻毒素，减少鱼体对蓝藻毒素的接触和吸收；显齿蛇葡萄和蒙脱石之间的协助作用使得抗蓝藻毒素效果更显著。

Description

一种抗蓝藻毒素的黄颡鱼配合饲料及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种配合饲料及其制备方法，尤其是涉及一种抗蓝藻毒素的黄颡鱼配合饲料及其制备方法。
背景技术
黄颡鱼食性是肉食性为主的杂食性鱼类，规格不同的黄颡鱼食性也有所不同，体长2-4cm的个体主要摄食桡足类和枝角类；体长5-8cm的个体，主要摄食浮游动物以及水生昆虫；超过8cm以上的个体，主要摄食软体动物和小型鱼类等。黄颡鱼以其丰富的营养、鲜美的风味，且无肌间刺，深受广大人们喜爱，养殖量和养殖水平也不断上升。我国华南地区、华中地区及浙江湖州区域精养黄颡鱼的养殖量非常大，饲料市场容量达数十万吨。
近年来养殖高峰季节，池塘投饵量大，黄颡鱼精养池塘中蓝藻水华频繁爆发，导致水中微囊藻毒素含量增加。微囊藻毒素是微囊藻、鱼腥藻、束丝藻、颤藻等养殖水体中常见有毒蓝藻产生的单环七肽类毒素，具有强烈的肝毒性、促癌活性和肾毒性，对养殖鱼类造成了极大的危害。养殖水体中的食用鱼类会通过鳃、口和上皮细胞等途径摄取水体中的微囊藻毒素，主要积累到肝脏和肾脏等组织中，导致鱼体出现蓝藻毒素中毒，生长受到抑制，鱼体颜色异常(影响黄颡鱼商品鱼售价)，甚至死亡。
因此，有必要开发一种抗蓝藻毒素的黄颡鱼配合饲料。
发明内容
针对以上不足，本发明提供一种抗蓝藻毒素的黄颡鱼配合饲料，以保证黄颡鱼的健康生长，提升养殖效益，促进黄颡鱼养殖产业健康发展。
本发明通过以下方案达到上述目的：
一种抗蓝藻毒素的黄颡鱼配合饲料，包括以下重量份的组分：鱼粉15-20份，豆粕25-30份，菜粕8-15份，花生粕5-10份，玉米蛋白粉10-15份，小麦粉15-30份，米糠5-10份，磷酸二氢钙1-3份，多维预混物0.1-0.5份，多矿预混物0.5-1份，氯化胆碱0.1-0.5份，食盐0.2-0.5份，豆油1.5-3.5份，抗氧化剂0.01-0.05份，防霉剂0.1-0.5份，显齿蛇葡萄干1-5份，蒙脱石0.1-2份。
在一个优选的实施例中，一种抗蓝藻毒素的黄颡鱼配合饲料，包括以下重量份的组分：鱼粉16份，豆粕24份，菜粕9份，花生粕6.4份，玉米蛋白粉10份，小麦粉20份，米糠6份，磷酸二氢钙2份，多维预混物0.1份，多矿预混物0.5份，氯化胆碱0.18份，食盐0.2份，豆油3份，抗氧化剂0.02份，防霉剂0.1份，显齿蛇葡萄干2份，蒙脱石0.5份。
在一个优选的实施例中，一种抗蓝藻毒素的黄颡鱼配合饲料，包括以下重量份的组分：鱼粉16份，豆粕22.1份，菜粕11份，花生8份，玉米蛋白粉12份，小麦粉19份，米糠5份，磷酸二氢钙2份，多维预混物0.1份，多矿预混物0.5份，氯化胆碱0.18份，食盐0.2份，豆油3份，抗氧化剂0.02份，防霉剂0.1份，显齿蛇葡萄干3份，蒙脱石0.8份。
优选的，所述抗氧化剂为乙氧基喹啉60％。
优选的，所述防霉剂为丙酸宝(丙酸含量≥50％)。
一种制备上述抗蓝藻毒素的黄颡鱼配合饲料的方法，将组分粉碎后混合，经超微粉碎后，经饲料机制成。
与普通饲料相比，本发明的有益效果在于：
1、通过在饲料中添加一定剂量的显齿蛇葡萄，具有抗氧化等功效，保护肝脏等器官健康，可提升黄颡鱼抵抗蓝藻毒素危害的能力；
2、通过在饲料中添加一定比例的蒙脱石，可以吸附部分蓝藻毒素，减少鱼体对蓝藻毒素的接触和吸收。
3、显齿蛇葡萄的有益成分对蓝藻毒素危害的化学保护和蒙脱石对蓝藻毒素的物理清除之间的协助作用使得抗蓝藻毒素效果更加显著。
具体实施方式
以下结合具体实施例对本发明进行进一步说明。
在本发明的实施例中，多维预混物为广东海大集团股份有限公司旗下的广东海因特生物技术集团有限公司的黄颡专用维生素预混料。
在本发明的实施例中，多矿预混物为广东海大集团股份有限公司旗下的广东海因特生物技术集团有限公司的黄颡专用多矿预混料。
实施例1
以重量份计，组分为：鱼粉16份，豆粕24份，菜粕9份，花生粕6.4份，玉米蛋白粉10份，小麦粉20份，米糠6份，磷酸二氢钙2份，多维预混物0.1份，多矿预混物0.5份，氯化胆碱0.18份，食盐0.2份，豆油3份，抗氧化剂0.02份，防霉剂0.1份，显齿蛇葡萄干2份，蒙脱石0.5份。
取粉碎后的饲料原料充分混合后经超微粉碎，用膨化饲料机制得本实施例的抗蓝藻毒素的黄颡鱼配合饲料。
本实施例制成的饲料蛋白含量40.5％，脂肪含量达到8％，赖氨酸含量达到2.82％，能充分满足黄颡鱼的营养需求。
使用饲料在同一池塘中用网箱养殖黄颡鱼2个月，实验结束后随机选取30尾黄颡鱼测定体长、体重以计算肥满度。
本实验测定结果如下表：
项目 普通黄颡鱼饲料 本实例饲料
初始平均规格(g) 26.11±1.87 26.39±2.41
终末平均规格(g) 74.35±3.85a 80.61±2.94b
平均肥满度(％) 1.71±0.06a 1.89±0.08b
表1的结果表明，使用本实例所提供黄颡鱼料养殖的黄颡鱼生长速度更快、肥满度更好、鱼体更健康。
实施例2
以重量份计，组分为：鱼粉16份，豆粕22.1份，菜粕11份，花生8份，玉米蛋白粉12份，小麦粉19份，米糠5份，磷酸二氢钙2份，多维预混物0.1份，多矿预混物0.5份，氯化胆碱0.18份，食盐0.2份，豆油3份，抗氧化剂0.02份，防霉剂0.1份，显齿蛇葡萄干3份，蒙脱石0.8份。
取粉碎后的饲料原料充分混合后经超微粉碎，用膨化饲料机制得抗蓝藻毒素的黄颡鱼配合饲料。
本实施例制成的饲料蛋白含量40.9％，脂肪含量达到7.8％，赖氨酸含量达到2.80％，淀能充分满足黄颡鱼的营养需求。
用本实施例提供的饲料和市售的普通黄颡鱼料分别对黄颡鱼进行养殖实验，实验在同一池塘的6个网箱中进行，实验周期60天，实验结束后测定鱼体肌肉中蓝藻毒素含量及丙二醛含量。
本实验结果如下表：
普通黄颡鱼料 本实例饲料
丙二醛含量(n mol/mg prot) 9.14±0.07a 5.38±0.04b
微囊藻毒素(ng/g) 636.17±78.23a 302.55±67.29b
上表的实验表明，使用本实施例所提供的抗蓝藻毒素黄颡鱼饲料饲养的黄颡鱼更健康，肌肉中的毒素含量更低。
以上所述，仅为本发明的较佳的具体实施例，但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内，根据本发明的技术方案及其构思加以等同替换或改变，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围内。

Claims (6)

1.一种抗蓝藻毒素的黄颡鱼配合饲料，其特征在于，包括以下重量份的组分：鱼粉15-20份，豆粕25-30份，菜粕8-15份，花生粕5-10份，玉米蛋白粉10-15份，小麦粉15-30份，米糠5-10份，磷酸二氢钙1-3份，多维预混物0.1-0.5份，多矿预混物0.5-1份，氯化胆碱0.1-0.5份，食盐0.2-0.5份，豆油1.5-3.5份，抗氧化剂0.01-0.05份，防霉剂0.1-0.5份，显齿蛇葡萄干1-5份，蒙脱石0.1-2份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种抗蓝藻毒素的黄颡鱼配合饲料，其特征在于，包括以下重量份的组分：鱼粉16份，豆粕24份，菜粕9份，花生粕6.4份，玉米蛋白粉10份，小麦粉20份，米糠6份，磷酸二氢钙2份，多维预混物0.1份，多矿预混物0.5份，氯化胆碱0.18份，食盐0.2份，豆油3份，抗氧化剂0.02份，防霉剂0.1份，显齿蛇葡萄干2份，蒙脱石0.5份。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种抗蓝藻毒素的黄颡鱼配合饲料，其特征在于，包括以下重量份的组分：鱼粉16份，豆粕22.1份，菜粕11份，花生8份，玉米蛋白粉12份，小麦粉19份，米糠5份，磷酸二氢钙2份，多维预混物0.1份，多矿预混物0.5份，氯化胆碱0.18份，食盐0.2份，豆油3份，抗氧化剂0.02份，防霉剂0.1份，显齿蛇葡萄干3份，蒙脱石0.8份。
4.根据权利要求1-3中任一所述的一种抗蓝藻毒素的黄颡鱼配合饲料，其特征在于，所述抗氧化剂为乙氧基喹啉60％。
5.根据权利要求1-3中任一所述的一种抗蓝藻毒素的黄颡鱼配合饲料，其特征在于，所述防霉剂为丙酸宝，丙酸含量≥50％。
6.一种制备权利要求1-5中任一所述的抗蓝藻毒素的黄颡鱼配合饲料的方法，其特征在于，将组分粉碎后混合，经超微粉碎后，经饲料机即可制成。
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