CN114885964B - Application of beauveria bassiana and/or organic carbon fertilizer in apple disease control - Google Patents
Application of beauveria bassiana and/or organic carbon fertilizer in apple disease control Download PDFInfo
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- CN114885964B CN114885964B CN202210486895.9A CN202210486895A CN114885964B CN 114885964 B CN114885964 B CN 114885964B CN 202210486895 A CN202210486895 A CN 202210486895A CN 114885964 B CN114885964 B CN 114885964B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N63/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi, animals or substances produced by, or obtained from, microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi or animals, e.g. enzymes or fermentates
- A01N63/30—Microbial fungi; Substances produced thereby or obtained therefrom
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/20—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation using specific microorganisms or substances, e.g. enzymes, for activating or stimulating the treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F5/00—Fertilisers from distillery wastes, molasses, vinasses, sugar plant or similar wastes or residues, e.g. from waste originating from industrial processing of raw material of agricultural origin or derived products thereof
- C05F5/002—Solid waste from mechanical processing of material, e.g. seed coats, olive pits, almond shells, fruit residue, rice hulls
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/60—Biocides or preservatives, e.g. disinfectants, pesticides or herbicides; Pest repellants or attractants
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of biological control of crop diseases, and discloses application of beauveria bassiana and/or an organic carbon fertilizer in control of apple diseases. The biological organic carbon fertilizer provided by the invention is environment-friendly, can improve the soil quality by being applied to the soil, can prevent and control the imbalance of microorganism diversity, can promote the formation of soil microecological conditions for healthy growth of apples, and has the characteristics of easily available raw materials, good prevention and control effects on apple fungal diseases and the like. The method can realize continuous and effective control of apple fungal diseases, and simultaneously improve the utilization rate of agricultural wastes, so that the economy of agricultural production and the income of farmers are improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of biological control of crop diseases, in particular to application of beauveria bassiana and/or an organic carbon fertilizer in control of apple diseases.
Background
With the structural adjustment and the cultivation system and technology change of the agricultural industry, the apple industry in China is rapidly developed, and in recent years, the apple cultivation area in China is continuously increased, and the apple industry is rapidly developed. However, there are still many problems in the field of apple planting production, such as unstable apple yield and quality, and increasingly prominent apple disease problems, which seriously affect the continuous healthy development of industry.
Fungal diseases are one of the main diseases facing apples, and the damage of the fungal diseases is not only caused by serious adverse effects on the yield and quality of apples in the season or the year, but also causes continuous damage such as yield reduction, gradual weakening and even withering of apples in successive years. In addition, pathogenic bacteria can infect the soil of the planting land, thereby causing the yield and quality of subsequently planted apples and apples in surrounding plantation to be reduced, and causing irrecoverable loss to fruit farmers.
At present, the main treatment method aiming at the apple fungal diseases is to apply fertilizer and spray pesticides, however, the excessive dependence on fertilizers and chemical pesticides and the modern production mode of continuous cropping of single crops can lead to soil pollution and unbalanced distribution of soil nutrient elements, so that soil degradation and unbalanced distribution of microbial communities lead to the decrease of apple plant resistance, further aggravate disease occurrence, and simultaneously cause damage to the environment, thus being very unfavorable for the green, healthy and sustainable development of industry. Therefore, developing effective apple disease control measures, especially long-term effective fungal disease control measures, has important significance for apple production in China and the world.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems of lack of long-term continuous effective apple fungal disease prevention measures and the like in the prior art, and provides application of beauveria bassiana and/or an organic carbon fertilizer in apple disease prevention. The invention takes the beauveria bassiana and the application of the biological organic carbon fertilizer as main control means, and has the advantages of easily obtained raw materials, simple and feasible control means, excellent control effect on various apple diseases and the like.
In order to achieve the aim, the invention provides an application of beauveria bassiana (Beauveria pseudobassiana) in apple disease control.
The second aspect of the invention provides an organic carbon fertilizer which comprises oil cake, potassium fulvate serving as a mineral source, turf, chinese medicinal residues and optionally beauveria bassiana microbial inoculum;
wherein, in terms of dry matter, the weight ratio of oil cake, mineral source potassium fulvate, turf and Chinese medicine residues in the organic carbon fertilizer is 1:0.1-0.5:2-5:1-4.
The third aspect of the invention provides application of the organic carbon fertilizer in apple disease control.
In a fourth aspect, the invention provides a method for controlling apple diseases, the method comprising applying beauveria bassiana or an organic carbon fertilizer as described above to soil;
alternatively, the beauveria bassiana is contacted with the rhizosphere and/or root of an apple plant.
Through the technical scheme, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) According to the technical scheme provided by the invention, beauveria bassiana and/or a biological organic carbon fertilizer is adopted to control apple diseases, so that a good continuous control effect can be obtained, and the problems that the control effect on apple diseases, especially fungal diseases of apples, is poor or continuous control cannot be realized at present are effectively solved;
(2) The organic carbon fertilizer raw material provided by the invention adopts waste oil residues (oil cake) of an oil refinery, waste Chinese medicinal residues and other production byproducts (waste) as raw materials, and has the characteristics of wide raw material source, low cost, green and environment-friendly property and simple preparation method;
(3) The method for preventing and treating apple diseases is simple and easy to implement, does not have adverse effect on environmental safety, and can promote green sustainable development of agricultural production;
(4) The organic carbon fertilizer provided by the invention adopts agricultural production waste as a main raw material source, is low in cost, realizes the recycling of the agricultural waste, can promote the adjustment of an industrial structure, and has positive significance for the improvement of the total agricultural yield and the income increase of farmers.
Detailed Description
The endpoints and any values of the ranges disclosed herein are not limited to the precise range or value, and are understood to encompass values approaching those ranges or values. For numerical ranges, one or more new numerical ranges may be found between the endpoints of each range, between the endpoint of each range and the individual point value, and between the individual point value, in combination with each other, and are to be considered as specifically disclosed herein.
The inventor of the invention skillfully discovers that certain beauveria bassiana (such as beauveria bassiana CGMCC No. 21047) has better continuous control effect on apple diseases, especially apple fungal diseases when being directly applied to soil or being in contact with the rhizosphere and/or root of apple plants (such as pouring beauveria bassiana culture to the root of apple plants).
Based on the findings, the invention provides an application of beauveria bassiana (Beauveria pseudobassiana) in apple disease control. The "apple disease control" may include disease prevention of apples that have not developed a disease, and may include treatment of apples that have developed a disease with a corresponding disease to reduce adverse effects of the disease on apple yield and/or quality.
According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, wherein the application may comprise applying beauveria bassiana to the soil in which apples are planted. And/or, contacting beauveria bassiana with the rhizosphere and/or root of the apple plant. For example, beauveria bassiana is cultivated and the obtained culture is poured onto the rhizosphere and/or root of the apple plant.
According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the beauveria bassiana is beauveria bassiana with a preservation number of CGMCC No. 21047.
According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, wherein the disease is selected from the group consisting of fungal diseases of apples, preferably rootstock diseases of apples.
Preferably, the pathogen causing the apple disease comprises at least one of Fusarium oxysporum (Fusarium oxysporum), fusarium putrescence (Fusarium solani) and Fusarium camphora (Fusarium camptoceras), preferably Fusarium oxysporum.
The inventor of the invention also finds that the organic carbon fertilizer prepared by blending agricultural wastes such as oil cake, turf, chinese medicinal residues and the like according to a certain proportion and adding a proper amount of mineral source potassium fulvate is applied to soil, and has the effects of adjusting the population abundance and community structure of microorganisms in the soil, improving the proportion of beneficial strains in the soil, reducing and eliminating the number and proportion of harmful strains, improving the quality of the soil, enhancing the immunity of plants and improving the prevention and control effects on apple diseases. After further research, after the beauveria bassiana is added into the organic carbon fertilizer, the prevention and control effect on apple diseases, especially apple fungal diseases, can be further improved.
The second aspect of the invention provides an organic carbon fertilizer which comprises oil cake, potassium fulvate serving as a mineral source, turf, chinese medicinal residues and optionally beauveria bassiana microbial inoculum;
wherein, in terms of dry matter, the weight ratio of oil cake, mineral source potassium fulvate, turf and Chinese medicine residues in the organic carbon fertilizer is 1:0.1-0.5:2-5:1-4.
Namely, the organic carbon fertilizer provided by the invention has the formula of any one of the following:
(1) Oil cake, mineral source potassium fulvate, turf and traditional Chinese medicine residues with a weight ratio of 1:0.1-0.5:2-5:1-4 based on dry matter;
(2) The weight ratio of the oil cake, the mineral source potassium fulvate, the turf and the Chinese medicinal residues is 1:0.1-0.5:2-5:1-4 based on dry matter, and the beauveria bassiana microbial inoculum.
The inventor of the invention also discovers that when the adopted beauveria bassiana bacterial agent contains beauveria bassiana capable of producing siderophores, the control effect of apple diseases can be further improved, the growth of apples can be promoted, and the yield and quality can be improved.
In the present invention, beauveria bassiana capable of producing siderophores (preferably hydroxamate type siderophores) is preferably employed. According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the beauveria bassiana is beauveria bassiana with a preservation number of CGMCC No. 21047.
In the present invention, the raw materials (such as oil cake, turf, chinese medicinal residues, etc.) used as the organic carbon fertilizer are not particularly limited, and may be any related products that can be used in the art to prepare the organic carbon fertilizer, and may be related products obtained commercially or related products prepared by themselves according to the prior art.
According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the moisture content in the oil cake is 15-25% by weight. Preferably 15-20% by weight.
Preferably, in the oil cake, the organic carbon content is 45-65 wt%, the humic acid content is 10-20 wt% and the total nitrogen content is 2-10 wt% on a dry matter basis. Preferably the total phosphorus content (in P 2 O 5 1-10 wt%, total potassium content (K) 2 O) is 1 to 5% by weight.
More preferably, in the oil cake, the organic carbon content is 55-65 wt%, the humic acid content is 15-20 wt% and the total nitrogen content is 3-7 wt% on a dry matter basis. Preferably the total phosphorus content (in P 2 O 5 1-5 wt%, total potassium content (in K) 2 O) is 1 to 3% by weight.
According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the water content of the turf is not more than 20% by weight, preferably 10-15% by weight.
Preferably, the turf has an organic carbon content of 40-50 wt%, a humic acid content of 20-35 wt% and a total nitrogen content of 1-2 wt% on a dry matter basis. Preferably the total phosphorus content (in P 2 O 5 0.1-1 wt%, total potassium content (in K) 2 O) is 1 to 5% by weight.
More preferably, the turf has an organic carbon content of 40-45 wt% and a humic acid content of 20-30 wt%, on a dry matter basisThe total nitrogen content is 1.5-2 wt.%. Preferably the total phosphorus content (in P 2 O 5 0.1 to 0.5 wt.%, total potassium content (in K) 2 O) is 1-2 wt.%.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the moisture content of the herb residue is 20-30 wt%. Preferably 20-25% by weight.
Preferably, in the traditional Chinese medicine residues, the organic carbon content is 30-60 wt%, the humic acid content is 15-25 wt% and the total nitrogen content is 2-3 wt% based on dry matter. Preferably the total phosphorus content (in terms of P) 2 O 5 0.1-1 wt%, total potassium content (in K) 2 O) is 1-2 wt.%.
More preferably, the organic carbon content in the traditional Chinese medicine residue is 50-60 wt%, the humic acid content is 20-25 wt% and the total nitrogen content is 2-2.5 wt% based on dry matter. Preferably the total phosphorus content (in terms of P) 2 O 5 0.5-1 wt%, total potassium content (in K) 2 O) is 1 to 1.5 wt.%.
Preferably, in the mineral source potassium fulvate, the content of fulvic acid is 40-60 wt% and the content of humic acid is 25-50 wt% on dry matter basis, and the content of total potassium (in K) 2 O) is 10 to 15 wt.%.
More preferably, in the mineral source potassium fulvate, the content of fulvic acid is 45-55wt% based on dry matter, the content of humic acid is 30-40wt%, and the content of total potassium (in K) 2 O) is 12 to 14% by weight.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the organic carbon fertilizer further contains an auxiliary material. Preferably, the total content of the auxiliary materials is 1-5 wt%, preferably 1-3 wt%, based on the total weight of the organic carbon fertilizer.
Preferably, the auxiliary material is selected from at least one of nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer.
In the present invention, the nitrogen fertilizer, the phosphate fertilizer and the potash fertilizer to be used are not particularly limited, and may be organic fertilizer or inorganic fertilizer as long as they can provide N, P and K. It can be either a related product obtained by commercial use or a related product self-formulated or prepared according to the prior art.
Preferably, the amount of the beauveria bassiana bacterial agent is 0.1-2 wt% based on the total weight of the organic carbon fertilizer, and preferably the beauveria bassiana bacterial agent is used in an amount such that the beauveria bassiana content in the organic carbon fertilizer is 1×10 9 -5×10 9 CFU/g. Preferably 1X 10 9 -3×10 9 CFU/g. More preferably 1X 10 9 -2×10 9 CFU/g。
The third aspect of the invention provides application of the organic carbon fertilizer in apple disease control.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, wherein the apple disease is a fungal disease of the apple, preferably a rootstock disease of the apple.
Preferably, the pathogen causing the disease comprises at least one of fusarium oxysporum, fusarium putrescens and fusarium camphora, preferably fusarium oxysporum.
In a fourth aspect, the invention provides a method of controlling apple diseases, the method comprising applying beauveria bassiana or an organic carbon fertilizer as previously described to soil;
alternatively, the beauveria bassiana is contacted with the rhizosphere and/or root of an apple plant.
That is, the above method may include the following several ways:
(1) The beauveria bassiana (microbial inoculum) is applied to the soil;
(2) Applying an organic carbon fertilizer to the soil;
(3) Beauveria bassiana (microbial agent) is contacted with the rhizosphere and/or root of apple plants.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, wherein the apple disease is a fungal disease of the apple, preferably a rootstock disease of the apple.
Preferably, the pathogen causing the apple disease comprises at least one of fusarium oxysporum, fusarium putrescens and fusarium camphora, preferably fusarium oxysporum.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the beauveria bassiana is selected from beauveria bassiana capable of producing (hydroxamate) siderophores, preferably beauveria bassiana with a collection number of CGMCC No. 21047.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, wherein, in the above-mentioned mode (1), the amount of beauveria bassiana is 3×10 12 -3×10 13 CFU/strain. Preferably 3X 10 12 -1.5×10 13 CFU/strain. More preferably 6X 10 12 -1.2×10 13 CFU/strain. Further preferably 9X 10 12 -1.2×10 13 CFU/strain.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, wherein the organic carbon fertilizer is used in an amount of 15000 to 30000 kg/hm in the above embodiment (2) -2 。
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, wherein, in the above-mentioned mode (3), the amount of beauveria bassiana is 3×10 12 -3×10 13 CFU/strain. Preferably 3X 10 12 -1.5×10 13 CFU/strain. More preferably 6X 10 12 -1.2×10 13 CFU/strain. Further preferably 9X 10 12 -1.2×10 13 CFU/strain.
In the present invention, the administration form (microbial agent form) of the beauveria bassiana (microbial agent) in the above-described modes (1) and (3) is not particularly limited, and may be selected by those skilled in the art according to practical situations. For example, the beauveria bassiana solid microbial inoculum can be directly applied to soil, or dissolved in water and then applied to the soil, or can be cultured by adopting a culture medium suitable for beauveria bassiana, and then the obtained culture solution is poured into the soil or poured into the rhizosphere and/or root of an apple plant.
Preferably, the beauveria bassiana or the organic carbon fertilizer is applied 2-3 times per crop.
Preferably, the method further comprises composting the organic carbon fertilizer prior to application, preferably the composting conditions comprise: humidity of 40-45%, temperature of 60-75 ℃ and time of 30-50 days. In order to obtain better composting effect, turning can be performed in the composting process. Preferably, the composting process can be performed for 1 time every 10-20 days.
The present invention will be described in detail by examples. It should be understood that the following examples are provided for further explanation and illustration of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.
In the following examples, potassium fulvate as a mineral source is purchased from Henan Ai Pusheng agricultural technology Co., ltd, oil cake is collected from waste oil cake (the component is rapeseed oil cake) produced in the production process of Kunming streams oil mill, peat soil and humus soil are used as raw materials (weight ratio is 6:4), and traditional Chinese medicine residue obtained by composting and fermenting is collected from waste traditional Chinese medicine residue (the components are 35% by weight of pseudo-ginseng, 30% by weight of radix codonopsis pilosulae, 25% by weight of rhizoma paridis and 10% by weight of radix puerariae) produced in the production process of Kunming traditional Chinese medicine preparation and/or traditional Chinese medicine preparation. Urea, superphosphate, potassium sulfate, etc. are all commercially available from regular chemical reagent companies. Wherein the mass fraction of N in urea is 46%, and P in superphosphate 2 O 5 The mass fraction is 16%, K in potassium sulfate 2 The mass fraction of O is 50%. The beauveria bassiana (CGMCC No. 21047) bacterial agent is a solid bacterial agent prepared by expanding and drying the bacterial strain, wherein the beauveria bassiana is about 3 multiplied by 10 11 CFU/g. The organic carbon content in tea residue, medium oil cake and turf is measured by adopting a potassium dichromate external heating method, the total nitrogen content is measured by adopting a Kjeldahl nitrogen determination method, phosphorus is measured by adopting a quinoline phosphomolybdate weight method, potassium is measured by adopting a potassium tetraphenylborate weight method, humic acid is measured by adopting a sodium pyrophosphate alkali liquor extraction method, the fulvic acid content in the mineral source fulvic acid potassium is calculated according to the content of other substances, and the pH is measured by adopting a potential method, wherein the main components are shown in a table 1 (wherein the water content is calculated by taking the total weight of the materials as a reference, and the rest components are calculated by taking dry substances in the materials as a reference).
TABLE 1 organic carbon fertilizer composition
Example 1
Taking 100kg of potassium fulvate as an ore source, 100kg of oil cake, 300kg of turf and 300kg of traditional Chinese medicine residues, mixing and composting the materials, and sealing the piled materials with mud. The moisture content in the compost materials is controlled to be 45+/-5% during the composting period, and the temperature is controlled to be 65+/-5 ℃. The compost is turned over for 1 time on the 15 th day and the 30 th day respectively. Composting lasts for 40 days, and the organic carbon fertilizer A1 is obtained.
Example 2
Taking 100kg of potassium fulvate as an ore source, 80kg of oil cake, 420kg of turf and 200kg of traditional Chinese medicine residues, mixing and composting the materials, and covering the piled materials with plastic cloth. The water content in the compost materials is controlled to be 45+/-5% during the composting period, the temperature is 65+/-5 ℃, and the compost is turned over for 1 time on the 15 th day and the 30 th day respectively. Composting lasts 35 days, and the organic carbon fertilizer A2 is obtained.
Example 3
Taking 100kg of potassium fulvate serving as a mineral source, 50kg of oil cake, 500kg of turf and 150kg of traditional Chinese medicine residues, mixing and composting the above materials, and sealing with mud after composting. The water content in the compost materials is controlled to be 45+/-5% in the composting period, the temperature is 65+/-5 ℃, the compost is turned over for 1 time on the 15 th day, and the composting lasts for 30 days. Obtaining the organic carbon fertilizer A3.
Example 4
The organic carbon fertilizer A1 in example 1 was mixed with a fertilizer additive having a content of 1 wt% based on the total weight of the organic carbon fertilizer, to obtain an organic carbon fertilizer B1. The fertilizer additive is prepared by adopting urea, superphosphate and potassium sulfate, wherein the weight ratio of N, P, K is 8:16:26.
Example 5
The organic carbon fertilizer A1 in example 1 was mixed with beauveria bassiana microbial inoculum having a content of 0.5 wt% based on the total weight of the organic carbon fertilizer to obtain an organic carbon fertilizer B2.
Example 6
The procedure of example 1 was followed except that the potassium fulvate ore source was replaced with a biochemical potassium fulvate source having an equivalent weight of the main ingredient (on a dry matter basis) as shown in Table 2. Obtaining the organic carbon fertilizer A4.
Table 2 substitution of biochemical potassium fulvate components
Comparative example 1
The organic carbon fertilizer A1 of example 1 was mixed with a microbial inoculum of beauveria bassiana (Beauveria bassiana, commercially available from bio-technology limited of pegbaoborbor, beige, no. bio-19292, which was detected as not producing siderophores) in an amount of 0.5 wt% based on the total weight of the organic carbon fertilizer, to obtain an organic carbon fertilizer B3.
Comparative example 2
The procedure of example 1 was followed except that the oil cake and turf therein were replaced with an equal weight of the herb residue. Obtaining the organic carbon fertilizer D1.
Comparative example 3
The procedure of example 1 was followed except that the turf was replaced with an equal weight of herb residue. Obtaining the organic carbon fertilizer D2.
Comparative example 4
The procedure of example 1 was followed except that the herb residue and oil cake were replaced with equal weight of turf. Obtaining the organic carbon fertilizer D3.
Comparative example 5
The procedure of example 1 was followed except that the turf was replaced with equal weights of tea grounds and oil cake (the weight ratio of tea grounds to oil cake was the same as in example 1) in the proportions of example 1. Obtaining the organic carbon fertilizer D4.
Comparative example 6
The procedure of example 1 was followed, except that 250kg of humus soil was used instead of the turf (humus soil provided an organic carbon amount substantially the same as that provided by turf in example 1). Obtaining the organic carbon fertilizer D5.
Comparative example 7
The procedure of example 4 was followed except that organic carbon fertilizer D1 was used in place of organic carbon fertilizer A1 to obtain organic carbon fertilizer B4.
Comparative example 8
The procedure of example 4 was followed except that organic carbon fertilizer D2 was used in place of organic carbon fertilizer A1 to obtain organic carbon fertilizer B5.
Comparative example 9
The procedure of example 5 was followed except that organic carbon fertilizer D3 was used in place of organic carbon fertilizer A1 to obtain organic carbon fertilizer B6.
Test example 1
The organic carbon fertilizer provided by the invention is applied to apple orchards which are affected by different fungi according to the dosage in table 3 and cause apple root rot, and the application frequency is that the organic carbon fertilizer is applied to soil once after the apples are harvested in autumn and in the germination period in spring respectively.
The treatment groups (applying organic carbon fertilizer according to the test conditions of table 3) and the control groups (not applying organic carbon fertilizer) were divided in different areas in the orchard, 10 apple trees were treated in each test group, the disease conditions were investigated in the harvest period according to the following criteria, and the control effect was calculated.
Apple root rot investigation grading standard:
level 0: root and stem base are normal;
stage 1: there are few lesions at the root and stem base;
3 stages: root and stem basal lesions are numerous, and the area is 25% -50% of the total area of the root or stem basal;
5 stages: the root and stem basal lesions are larger, and the area is 50% -75% of the total area of the root or stem basal;
7 stages: the root and stem basal lesions are connected to form a root-surrounding phenomenon, but the root system is not dead;
stage 9: and root system necrosis, wilting or death of the overground parts of plants.
The control effect is calculated by adopting the following two formulas:
disease index = [ (Σ (number of disease stages×number of representative stages))/(total number of plants×highest representative stage value) ]×100
Control effect (%) = [ (control group disease index-treatment group disease index)/control group disease index ] ×100%
TABLE 3 test conditions and results for test of the control Effect of bioorganic carbon fertilizers on apple fungal diseases
Test example 2
Culturing Beauveria bassiana CGMCC No.21047 with potato glucose culture medium (main ingredient composition: 6% potato extract powder, 20% glucose) to obtain live bacteria with number of about 3×10 11 CFU/mL of beauveria bassiana culture solution.
Apples were treated in the following manner, each treatment comprising 10 apples:
experimental group I: pouring beauveria bassiana culture solution into the rhizosphere soil of the apples, and respectively applying the beauveria bassiana culture solution once after the apples are harvested in autumn and in the germination period in spring.
Experimental group II: the beauveria bassiana microbial agent (solid microbial agent, the number of viable bacteria is about 3×10) 11 CFU/g) is applied to the rhizosphere soil where apples are planted, once after the apples are harvested in autumn and in the spring germination period respectively.
Control group: the beauveria bassiana culture solution and the beauveria bassiana microbial inoculum are not used.
The control effect of each group of apple diseases was calculated and compared according to the calculation method in test example 1, and the results are shown in Table 4.
TABLE 4 test conditions and results for controlling effects of Beauveria bassiana on apple fungal diseases
The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above, but the present invention is not limited thereto. Within the scope of the technical idea of the invention, a number of simple variants of the technical solution of the invention are possible, including combinations of the individual technical features in any other suitable way, which simple variants and combinations should likewise be regarded as being disclosed by the invention, all falling within the scope of protection of the invention.
Claims (19)
1. Beauveria bassiana (Beauveria bassiana)Beauveriapseudobassiana) Application in apple disease control, wherein beauveria bassiana is beauveria bassiana with a preservation number of CGMCC No.21047, and pathogens causing apple diseases comprise Fusarium oxysporumFusariumoxysporum) Fusarium solani (Fusarium solani)Fusariumsolani) And Fusarium vulgareFusariumcamptoceras) At least one of them.
2. The use according to claim 1, wherein the pathogen causing the apple disease is fusarium oxysporum.
3. An organic carbon fertilizer is characterized by comprising oil cake, potassium fulvate serving as an ore source, turf, chinese medicinal residues and optional beauveria bassiana microbial inoculum;
wherein, in terms of dry matter, the weight ratio of oil cake, mineral source potassium fulvate, turf and Chinese medicine residues in the organic carbon fertilizer is 1:0.1-0.5:2-5:1-4;
the beauveria bassiana is beauveria bassiana with a preservation number of CGMCC No. 21047;
in the oil cake, the organic carbon content is 45-65 wt%, the humic acid content is 10-20 wt% and the total nitrogen content is 2-10 wt% based on dry matter;
in the mineral source potassium fulvate, the content of the fulvic acid is 40-60 wt% based on dry matter, the content of the humic acid is 25-50 wt% and the content of the total potassium is 10-15 wt%;
in the turf, the organic carbon content is 40-50 wt%, the humic acid content is 20-35 wt% and the total nitrogen content is 1-2 wt% based on dry matter;
the Chinese medicinal residue contains 30-60 wt% of organic carbon, 15-25 wt% of humic acid and 2-3 wt% of total nitrogen based on dry matter.
4. The organic carbon fertilizer according to claim 3, wherein the moisture content in the oil cake is 15-25 wt%;
and/or, the water content of the turf is not more than 20 wt%;
and/or the moisture content of the traditional Chinese medicine residue is 20-30 wt%.
5. An organic carbon fertilizer according to claim 4 wherein the turf has a moisture content of 10-15 wt%.
6. The organic carbon fertilizer according to claim 3, wherein the organic carbon fertilizer further comprises an auxiliary material.
7. The organic carbon fertilizer according to claim 6, wherein the total content of the auxiliary materials is 1-5 wt% based on the total weight of the organic carbon fertilizer.
8. The organic carbon fertilizer according to claim 7, wherein the total content of the auxiliary materials is 1-3 wt% based on the total weight of the organic carbon fertilizer.
9. An organic carbon fertilizer according to any one of claims 6-8, wherein the auxiliary material is selected from at least one of a nitrogen fertilizer, a phosphorus fertilizer and a potassium fertilizer.
10. The organic carbon fertilizer according to claim 3, wherein the beauveria bassiana microbial agent is used in an amount of 0.1-2 wt% based on the total weight of the organic carbon fertilizer.
11. The organic carbon fertilizer of claim 10, wherein the beauveria bassiana microbial inoculum is used in an amount such that the beauveria bassiana content in the organic carbon fertilizer is 1 x 10 9 -5×10 9 CFU/g。
12. Use of the organic carbon fertilizer of any one of claims 3-11 for the control of apple diseases, wherein the pathogen causing the diseases comprises at least one of fusarium oxysporum, fusarium putrescentiae and fusarium campylobacter.
13. The use according to claim 6, wherein the pathogen responsible for the disease is fusarium oxysporum.
14. A method for controlling apple diseases, which is characterized in that the method comprises applying beauveria bassiana or the organic carbon fertilizer of any one of claims 3-11 to soil;
or, contacting the beauveria bassiana with the rhizosphere and/or root of an apple plant;
wherein the beauveria bassiana is selected from beauveria bassiana with a preservation number of CGMCC No. 21047;
the pathogen causing the disease includes at least one of fusarium oxysporum, fusarium putrescens and fusarium camphora.
15. The method of claim 14, wherein the pathogen causing the disease is fusarium oxysporum.
16. The method according to claim 14, wherein the beauveria bassiana is used in an amount of 3 x 10 12 -3×10 13 CFU/strain;
and/or the using amount of the organic carbon fertilizer is 15000-30000 kg-hm -2 。
17. The method of claim 14, wherein the beauveria bassiana or organic carbon fertilizer is applied 2-3 times per crop.
18. The method of any one of claims 14-17, wherein the method further comprises composting the organic carbon fertilizer prior to application.
19. The method of claim 18, wherein the composting conditions include: humidity of 40-45%, temperature of 60-75 ℃ and time of 30-50 days.
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