CN112194532B - Organic carbon fertilizer and application thereof and method for preventing and treating tobacco rhizome diseases - Google Patents
Organic carbon fertilizer and application thereof and method for preventing and treating tobacco rhizome diseases Download PDFInfo
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- CN112194532B CN112194532B CN202010983037.6A CN202010983037A CN112194532B CN 112194532 B CN112194532 B CN 112194532B CN 202010983037 A CN202010983037 A CN 202010983037A CN 112194532 B CN112194532 B CN 112194532B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F5/00—Fertilisers from distillery wastes, molasses, vinasses, sugar plant or similar wastes or residues, e.g. from waste originating from industrial processing of raw material of agricultural origin or derived products thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/60—Biocides or preservatives, e.g. disinfectants, pesticides or herbicides; Pest repellants or attractants
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of biological control of crop diseases, and discloses an organic carbon fertilizer, application thereof and a method for controlling tobacco rhizome diseases. The organic carbon fertilizer provided by the invention has the characteristics of easily available raw materials, low cost, good effect of preventing and treating diseases of tobacco roots and stems, environmental protection and the like. The organic carbon fertilizer provided by the invention can realize continuous and effective prevention and control of tobacco root diseases, simultaneously improves the utilization rate of waste in mushroom cultivation industry and pharmaceutical industry, realizes mutual profit and win-win among industries, improves the production economy and promotes the sustainable development of various industries.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of biological control of crop diseases, in particular to an organic carbon fertilizer, application thereof and a method for controlling tobacco rhizome diseases.
Background
Tobacco root and stem diseases are one of the major threats facing the sustainable development of the tobacco industry, which not only cause the reduction of the yield and the quality of tobacco leaves and the damage of the tobacco growers' economy, but also cause the secondary problems of ecological environment damage and the like, and are important problems to be solved urgently in the development process of the tobacco industry of all countries in the world. The tobacco rhizome disease has the characteristics of high propagation speed after occurrence, high plant mortality rate after infection and difficult control. The tobacco root and stem diseases are caused by various reasons, wherein the most accepted main reasons at present are continuous cropping of single crops in a modern agricultural planting system and excessive dependence on chemicals such as chemical fertilizers and pesticides, so that the soil microbial community structure and function are disordered and even collapsed, the number of beneficial bacteria is rapidly reduced, and meanwhile, harmful bacteria and pathogenic bacteria are proliferated, so that soil-borne diseases are caused. However, the prior art is very limited in the method for preventing and treating soil-borne diseases, and particularly, the long-term effective prevention and treatment of tobacco root and stem diseases and the requirements on environmental protection are difficult to meet. For example, the method for killing pathogenic bacteria by applying related medicines is one of the commonly used methods for preventing and treating tobacco root diseases at present, although the method is highly targeted and can quickly and effectively kill pathogenic microorganisms so as to inhibit the development and spread of the tobacco root diseases, the application of the medicines can cause harm to the environment and crops on one hand, and on the other hand, the prevention and treatment medicines are generally targeted, so that the types of the diseases and the types of the pathogenic bacteria can be accurately judged, otherwise, the wrong application of the medicines can not only be ineffective in preventing and treating the diseases, but also can cause further loss. However, the cultural level of farmers in China is generally low, the accurate identification of pathogenic bacteria species causing diseases is difficult to be provided with relevant knowledge and ability, additional cost is required for hiring professionals to provide help, and the application and the purchase of medicines can also increase the burden of farmers and increase the tobacco production cost. The deep soil tillage sterilization, crop rotation and the like are also commonly used tobacco root disease control methods at present, however, the two methods also have the problems of insufficient disease control effect, higher additional cost, incapability of realizing long-term sustained effectiveness and the like to different degrees. Therefore, research and development of an economic, environment-friendly, continuous and effective tobacco root disease control product and method are urgently needed to realize agricultural sustainable development.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the problems of incapability of continuously and effectively preventing and controlling tobacco rhizome diseases, high cost, high requirements on personnel and the like in the conventional method for preventing and controlling the tobacco rhizome diseases, and provides the organic carbon fertilizer with the function of preventing and controlling the tobacco rhizome diseases.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides an organic carbon fertilizer having a function of preventing and treating diseases of tobacco rhizomes, wherein the organic carbon fertilizer contains bacterial residues, traditional Chinese medicine residues and grass peat;
wherein, the weight ratio of the fungus dregs, the traditional Chinese medicine dregs and the grass peat is 1: 0.1-5: 0.1-5.
The second aspect of the invention provides an application of the organic carbon fertilizer in preventing and treating tobacco rhizome diseases.
In a third aspect, the invention provides a method for controlling tobacco rhizome diseases, which comprises applying organic carbon fertilizer to soil, wherein the organic carbon fertilizer is the organic carbon fertilizer.
Through the technical scheme, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the organic carbon fertilizer raw material provided by the invention adopts the waste mushroom culture residues and the waste traditional Chinese medicine residues in a pharmaceutical factory as raw materials, and has the characteristics of wide raw material source, low cost, environmental friendliness and simple preparation method;
(2) the organic carbon fertilizer and the method provided by the invention have good control effect on tobacco root diseases, can effectively solve the problems that the existing method has poor control effect on tobacco root diseases, can not realize continuous control, can possibly cause secondary environmental damage and the like, and can promote the economic and sustainable development of the tobacco industry;
(3) the method for preventing and treating the tobacco root diseases is simple and easy to implement, does not generate adverse effect on environmental safety, can cope with various disease types, does not have special professional technical requirements on operators (such as accurately distinguishing tobacco root disease pathogens and the like), and is more beneficial to popularization and use;
(4) the organic carbon fertilizer provided by the invention adopts agricultural wastes, pharmaceutical factory wastes and other waste materials as main raw material sources, realizes the mutual profit and win-win between the waste resource and the industry, and has positive significance for improving the total yield of the tobacco industry, increasing the income of tobacco growers and promoting the circular economy and sustainable development between the industries.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to the present embodiments of the present invention, and it should be understood that the following detailed description is intended to illustrate and describe the contents of the present invention in detail, but not to limit the present invention.
The endpoints of the ranges and any values disclosed herein are not limited to the precise range or value, and such ranges or values should be understood to encompass values close to those ranges or values. For ranges of values, between the endpoints of each of the ranges and the individual points, and between the individual points may be combined with each other to give one or more new ranges of values, and these ranges of values should be considered as specifically disclosed herein.
The waste mushroom dregs in the mushroom cultivation process contain a large amount of mycelium protein, polysaccharide, vitamins and trace elements. The dregs of decoction (especially dregs of Chinese medicine) generated in the course of production of Chinese medicine and Chinese patent medicine) produced in the course of production of pharmaceutical factory contain rich organic matter and trace elements, and also have a certain function of resisting bacteria and inhibiting bacteria. The grass peat is rich in various elements such as nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus, calcium, manganese and the like and humic acid, has an organic matter content of more than 30 percent, is a purely natural organic substance, and is a green substance which is sterile, nontoxic, nuisanceless, pollution-free and residue-free. The inventor of the invention skillfully discovers in the research process that the organic carbon fertilizer prepared by mixing the three components according to a certain proportion can effectively improve the microbial community structure of soil, improve the proportion of beneficial strains in the soil, and reduce and eliminate the quantity and proportion of harmful strains, thereby having positive effects on preventing and treating soil-borne diseases of crops, particularly tobacco root and stem diseases.
The invention provides an organic carbon fertilizer with the function of preventing and treating crop soil-borne diseases, which contains bacterial residues, traditional Chinese medicine residues and turf;
wherein, the weight ratio of the fungus dregs, the traditional Chinese medicine dregs and the grass peat is 1: 0.1-5: 0.1-5.
The organic carbon fertilizer provided by the invention can be suitable for controlling any crop soil-borne disease pathogen which can be detected and identified in the field. For example, fungi (such as Pythium aphanidermatum, Rhizoctonia solani, etc.), bacteria (such as Ralstonia solani, etc.), and nematodes (such as Meloidogyne incognita, etc.) that cause soil-borne diseases in crops.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, wherein the pathogen causing the soil-borne disease comprises Ralstonia solanacearum and/or Phytophthora parasitica var nicotianae.
The organic carbon fertilizer provided by the invention can be suitable for preventing and treating the existing crop soil-borne diseases in any field. For example, eggplant verticillium wilt, cucumber blight, eggplant blight, root rot, blight, gray mold, damping-off and damping-off (seedling death), etc. The organic carbon fertilizer provided by the invention has a particularly obvious effect on preventing and treating diseases of tobacco roots and stems.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, wherein the crop soil-borne disease is a tobacco root-stem disease. Preferably selected from tobacco bacterial wilt and/or tobacco black shank.
According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the organic carbon fertilizer contains bacterial dregs, traditional Chinese medicine dregs and grass peat, and the weight ratio of the bacterial dregs, the traditional Chinese medicine dregs and the grass peat is 1: 0.1-1: 0.1-1.
Preferably, the weight ratio of the traditional Chinese medicine residues to the grass peat is 1: 1-5. Preferably 1: 1-1.5.
Any of the fungi residues, traditional Chinese medicine residues and turf which can be used for preparing the organic carbon fertilizer in the prior art can be suitable for the organic carbon fertilizer provided by the invention.
In view of ecological cycle and agricultural development requirements, comprehensive utilization of agricultural wastes, convenience in the preparation process of organic carbon fertilizer, and prevention and treatment effects on diseases, according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the mushroom dregs are selected from waste mushroom dregs generated in the cultivation process of pleurotus eryngii.
Preferably, the moisture content in the mushroom dregs is 15-20 wt%.
Preferably, the mushroom dregs contain 20-25 wt% of organic carbon, 30-40 wt% of humic acid and 2-3 wt% of total nitrogen in terms of dry matter.
In consideration of the difficulty of collecting raw materials, the prevention and treatment situation of soil-borne diseases of crops, cost, the convenience of the preparation process of the organic carbon fertilizer and the like, according to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the traditional Chinese medicine residues are selected from traditional Chinese medicine preparations and/or traditional Chinese medicine residues generated in the production process of the traditional Chinese medicine preparations. For example, decoction of Chinese medicinal decoction, and preparation of Chinese medicinal dripping pill, ointment, and medicinal powder.
Preferably, the moisture content in the herb residue is 20-30 wt%, preferably 20-25 wt%.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the residue of herb medicine contains 50 to 55 wt% of organic carbon, 15 to 20 wt% of humic acid, and 2 to 3 wt% of total nitrogen, on a dry basis.
In the organic carbon fertilizer provided by the invention, the turf is a carbonized product prepared by biochemical peat effect and other modes after plant remains are stacked. In view of the raw material cost, the need of controlling the tobacco root and stem diseases, the organic carbon fertilizer component and the like, the turf is a carbonized product prepared by stacking, decomposing and fermenting peat soil and/or humus soil serving as raw materials.
Preferably, the water content in the turf is not more than 15 wt%. Preferably 10-15 wt%.
According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the turf has a content of organic carbon of 40 to 45% by weight, a content of humic acid of 20 to 30% by weight and a content of total nitrogen of 1 to 2% by weight, calculated on a dry matter basis.
In order to further improve the control effect of the organic carbon fertilizer on soil-borne diseases, according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the organic carbon fertilizer may further include an auxiliary material.
Preferably, the content of the auxiliary materials is 1-5 wt%, preferably 1.5-3 wt%, based on the total weight of the organic carbon fertilizer.
According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, wherein the adjuvant is selected from adjuvant a and/or adjuvant B.
The auxiliary material A has the function of improving the fertilizer efficiency of the organic carbon fertilizer and/or promoting the growth of beneficial microorganisms in soil, and any auxiliary material which has the functions and is existing in the field can be suitable for the organic carbon fertilizer.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the auxiliary material a is at least one selected from the group consisting of an ammonia fertilizer, a potassium fertilizer, and a phosphate fertilizer. The ammonia fertilizer, the potassium fertilizer and the phosphate fertilizer can be any of the fertilizers in the field, for example, organic fertilizers or inorganic fertilizers. For example, the fertilizer may be an ammonia fertilizer, a potassium fertilizer, or a phosphate fertilizer prepared by itself according to the prior art, or may be a commercially available product.
Preferably, the content of the auxiliary material A is 1-3 wt%, preferably 1-2 wt%, based on the total weight of the organic carbon fertilizer.
The auxiliary material B has the function of improving the control capability of the crop soil-borne diseases, and particularly for the soil with the crop soil-borne diseases, the addition of the auxiliary material B can further improve the inhibition capability of the organic carbon fertilizer on the crop soil-borne disease pathogens in the soil. Any of the adjuvants known in the art having the above-mentioned functions can be suitably used in the present invention.
According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the auxiliary material B is selected from Bacillus polymyxa and/or Bacillus marinus.
Preferably, the content of the auxiliary material B is 0.1-2 wt%, preferably 0.5-1 wt%, based on the total weight of the organic carbon fertilizer.
The second aspect of the invention provides application of the organic carbon fertilizer in preventing and treating tobacco rhizome diseases.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the application includes, among others, prevention of growth and spread of tobacco rootstock disease pathogens to prevent disease occurrence, and remediation of soil that has been contaminated with pathogens, containment of transmission and spread of tobacco rootstock disease pathogens to reduce tobacco production losses, and the like.
In a third aspect, the invention provides a method for controlling tobacco rhizome diseases, which comprises applying organic carbon fertilizer to soil, wherein the organic carbon fertilizer is the organic carbon fertilizer.
The method provided by the invention can be applied to the control of any tobacco rootstock disease pathogen which can be detected and identified in the prior art. According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, wherein the pathogen causing the tobacco root-stem disease includes at least one of Ralstonia solanacearum (Ralstonia solanacearum), Phytophthora parasitica (Phytophthora parasitica var nicotianae).
The method provided by the invention can be suitable for preventing and treating tobacco rhizome diseases in any field. According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, wherein the tobacco root diseases are selected from tobacco bacterial wilt and/or tobacco black shank.
In the method provided by the invention, the dosage of the organic carbon fertilizer is based on the prevention and treatment of the soil-borne diseases of the crops, and can be adjusted according to actual conditions. In order to ensure the economic benefit of agricultural production while achieving the effect of preventing and controlling the soil-borne diseases of crops, the method provided by the invention is characterized in that the dosage of the organic carbon fertilizer is 15000-30000 kg-hm-2。
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the organic carbon fertilizer is used 1 time per crop.
According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, wherein the method further comprises: composting the organic carbon fertilizer before application, wherein the composting conditions comprise: humidity of 40-45%, temperature of 60-75 deg.C, and time of 30-50 days.
Preferably, the composting material is turned 1 time every 10-15 days during the composting process.
The present invention will be described in detail below by way of examples. It should be understood that the following examples are only intended to further illustrate and explain the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention.
In the following examples, the mushroom dregs were collected from waste mushroom bags generated in the process of producing Kunming Pleurotus eryngii (mushroom bag formula adopted in Pleurotus eryngii production: 50 wt% of wood sawdust, 18 wt% of corn mixed powder, 27 wt% of bran, 3 wt% of bean cake powder, 1 wt% of lime and 1 wt% of calcium carbonate), and traditional Chinese medicinesThe residue is obtained from waste Chinese medicinal residue (comprising 35 wt% of Notoginseng radix, 30 wt% of radix Codonopsis, 25 wt% of rhizoma paridis, and 10 wt% of radix Puerariae) produced in Kunming Chinese medicinal preparation and/or Chinese medicinal preparation, and peat is prepared from peat soil and humus soil at a weight ratio of 6:4 by stacking, covering, decomposing and fermenting. Urea, calcium superphosphate, potassium sulfate, and the like are commercially available products from regular chemical company. Wherein the mass fraction of N in the urea is 46 percent, and P in the calcium superphosphate2O516 percent of potassium sulfate K2The mass fraction of O is 50%. Bacillus polymyxa and Bacillus marinus were purchased from Fulu Fufeng Biotech, Inc., Zhejiang province. Wherein the Bacillus polymyxa is 1.0 × 108CFU/g, Bacillus marinus 1.0 × 109CFU/gram. The contents of organic carbon in the mushroom dregs, the traditional Chinese medicine dregs and the turf are measured by adopting a potassium dichromate external heating method, the total nitrogen content is measured by adopting a Kjeldahl method, phosphorus is measured by adopting a phosphomolybdic acid quinoline gravimetric method, potassium is measured by adopting a potassium tetraphenylborate gravimetric method, humic acid is measured by adopting a sodium pyrophosphate alkali liquor extraction method, and the pH value is measured by adopting a potential method, wherein the main components are shown in table 1 (wherein the water content is calculated by taking the total weight of the materials as a reference, and the rest components are calculated by taking dry substances in the materials as a reference).
TABLE 1 organic carbon fertilizer Material composition
Example 1
500kg of mushroom dregs, 300kg of traditional Chinese medicine dregs and 200kg of grass peat are taken, and then the materials are mixed and piled up, and the piled materials are tightly sealed by mud. During the composting period, the water content in the compost material is controlled to be 45 +/-5 percent, and the temperature is controlled to be 65 +/-5 ℃. Turning the compost for 1 time on the 15 th day and the 30 th day respectively. And composting for 40 days to obtain organic carbon fertilizer A1.
Example 2
Taking 500kg of mushroom dregs, 200kg of traditional Chinese medicine dregs and 300kg of grass peat, mixing and piling the materials, and covering the piled materials with plastic cloth. Controlling the water content in the compost materials to be 42 +/-5% and the temperature to be 70 +/-5 ℃ during the composting period, and turning the compost for 1 time on the 15 th day and the 30 th day of the composting respectively. And composting for 35 days to obtain organic carbon fertilizer A2.
Example 3
500kg of mushroom dregs, 100kg of traditional Chinese medicine dregs and 400kg of grass peat are taken, and then the materials are mixed and piled up, and the piled materials are tightly sealed by mud. And controlling the water content in the compost materials to be 50 +/-5% and the temperature to be 65 +/-5 ℃ in the composting period, turning the compost 1 time on the 15 th day of the composting, and keeping the composting for 30 days. Obtaining the organic carbon fertilizer A3.
Example 4
The organic carbon fertilizer a1 in example 1 was mixed with an auxiliary material a in an amount of 1 wt% based on the total weight of the organic carbon fertilizer to obtain an organic carbon fertilizer B1. The auxiliary material A is a fertilizer additive prepared by urea, calcium superphosphate and potassium sulfate, wherein the weight ratio of N, P, K is 8:16: 26.
Example 5
The organic carbon fertilizer a1 in example 1 was mixed with an auxiliary material B in an amount of 0.5 wt% based on the total weight of the organic carbon fertilizer to obtain an organic carbon fertilizer B2. The auxiliary material B is a mixed microbial inoculum of bacillus polymyxa and bacillus marinus, wherein the weight ratio of the bacillus polymyxa to the bacillus marinus is 1: 1.
example 6
The process of example 1 was followed except that the mushroom dregs therein were replaced with waste mushroom dregs generated during the production of oyster mushroom in equal weight (on a dry basis). Obtaining the organic carbon fertilizer A4. The organic carbon content in the mushroom dregs is measured by a potassium dichromate external heating method, the total nitrogen content is measured by a Kjeldahl method, the phosphorus is measured by a phosphomolybdic acid quinoline gravimetric method, the potassium is measured by a tetraphenylborate gravimetric method, the humic acid is measured by a sodium pyrophosphate alkali liquor extraction method, the pH is measured by a potential method, and the main components in the mushroom dregs adopted in the comparative example are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2 replacement of the composition of the mushroom dregs
Comparative example 1
The method of example 1 was followed except that the mushroom dregs and peat were replaced with equal weight of herb residue. Obtaining the organic carbon fertilizer D1.
Comparative example 2
The method of example 1 was followed except that the herb residue and peat therein were replaced with equal weight of mushroom residue. Obtaining the organic carbon fertilizer D2.
Comparative example 3
The method of example 1 was followed except that the mushroom dregs and herb residues were replaced with peat of equal weight. Obtaining the organic carbon fertilizer D3.
Comparative example 4
The method of example 1 was followed except that the herb residue was replaced with equal weight of mushroom residue. Obtaining the organic carbon fertilizer D4.
Comparative example 5
According to the method of the embodiment 1, except that the turf in the embodiment 1 is replaced by the mushroom dregs and the Chinese medicine dregs with equal weight. Obtaining the organic carbon fertilizer D5.
Comparative example 6
The procedure of example 1 was followed except that 200kg of humus soil was used in place of the peat therein. Obtaining the organic carbon fertilizer D6.
Comparative example 7
According to the method of the embodiment 4, except that the organic carbon fertilizer D1 is adopted to replace the organic carbon fertilizer A1, the organic carbon fertilizer B3 is obtained.
Comparative example 8
According to the method of the embodiment 4, except that the organic carbon fertilizer D2 is adopted to replace the organic carbon fertilizer A1, the organic carbon fertilizer B4 is obtained.
Comparative example 9
According to the method of the embodiment 5, except that the organic carbon fertilizer D3 is adopted to replace the organic carbon fertilizer A1, the organic carbon fertilizer B5 is obtained.
Test example 1
The organic carbon fertilizer in the above examples and comparative examples was applied to the soil surface before the crop was planted in the amount shown in table 5, and then plowed, with the frequency of use being 1 time per crop. Meanwhile, crops (1000 tobacco plants) are planted in farmlands which are applied with the organic carbon fertilizer (treatment group) and farmlands which are not applied with the organic carbon fertilizer (control group), the disease occurrence condition is investigated in the harvest period, and the control effect is calculated. The results are detailed in Table 3.
Tobacco bacterial wilt investigation grading standard:
level 0: the whole plant (leaf) is disease-free;
level 1: the wilting symptom begins to appear, and the disease leaf manifestation area accounts for less than 10% of the leaf area;
and 3, level: the wilting symptom is obviously appeared, and the disease leaf manifestation area accounts for 11 to 25 percent of the leaf area;
and 5, stage: the color of the diseased leaves is changed into light green, and the area of the diseased leaves showing symptoms accounts for 26 to 50 percent of the area of the leaves;
and 7, stage: the diseased mesophyll becomes yellow and the veins become black, and the diseased spot area accounts for 51 to 75 percent of the leaf area;
and 9, stage: the diseased leaves are wilted and yellow, the epidermis of the diseased plants is rotten, and the disease-showing area of the diseased leaves accounts for more than 76 percent of the area of the leaves.
Tobacco black shank investigation grading standard:
level 0: the whole plant is disease-free;
level 1: the lesion on the stem does not exceed one third of the circumference of the stem, so that the individual leaves are withered;
and 3, level: the lesion of the stem part does not exceed one half of the stem circumference, or less than half of the leaves are slightly withered, or a few lower leaves have the lesion;
and 5, stage: the lesion of the stem part exceeds one half of the circumference of the stem, or more than half of the leaves are withered slightly;
and 7, stage: the lesion of the stem part surrounds the periphery of the stem, or more than two thirds of the leaves wither;
and 9, stage: all leaves of the diseased plants wither or die.
The prevention and treatment effect is calculated by adopting the following two formulas:
disease index [ [ case plant number × representative number of stages) ]/((total plant number × highest representative value) ] × 100
The preventing and treating effect (%) is [ (disease index of control group-disease index of treatment group)/disease index of control group ] × 100%
TABLE 3 test conditions and results of organic carbon fertilizer effect on tobacco root and stem diseases
The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described above in detail, but the present invention is not limited thereto. Within the scope of the technical idea of the invention, many simple modifications can be made to the technical solution of the invention, including combinations of various technical features in any other suitable way, and these simple modifications and combinations should also be regarded as the disclosure of the invention, and all fall within the scope of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. An organic carbon fertilizer with a function of preventing and treating diseases of tobacco rhizomes is characterized in that the organic carbon fertilizer consists of bacterial residues, traditional Chinese medicine residues, grass peat and auxiliary materials;
wherein, the weight ratio of the fungus dregs, the traditional Chinese medicine dregs and the grass peat is 1: 0.1-1: 0.1 to 1;
in the mushroom dregs, the water content is 15-20 wt%, the organic carbon content is 20-25 wt%, the humic acid content is 30-40%, and the total nitrogen content is 2-3 wt% calculated on dry matters;
the auxiliary material is selected from auxiliary material A and/or auxiliary material B;
based on the total weight of the organic carbon fertilizer, the total content of the auxiliary materials is 1-5 wt%;
the auxiliary material A is selected from at least one of a nitrogen fertilizer, a potassium fertilizer and a phosphate fertilizer;
the auxiliary material B is selected from bacillus polymyxa and/or bacillus marinus.
2. The organic carbon fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein the weight ratio of the traditional Chinese medicine residues to the grass peat is 1: 1-5.
3. The organic carbon fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein the moisture content in the herb residue is 20-30 wt%;
and/or, the moisture content in the turf is not more than 15 wt%;
and/or, the traditional Chinese medicine residue contains 50-55 wt% of organic carbon, 15-20 wt% of humic acid and 2-3 wt% of total nitrogen by dry matter;
and/or, in the turf, the content of organic carbon is 40-45 wt%, the content of humic acid is 20-30 wt% and the content of total nitrogen is 1-2 wt% in terms of dry matter.
4. The organic carbon fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the content of the auxiliary material A is 1-3 wt% and the content of the auxiliary material B is 0.1-2 wt% based on the total weight of the organic carbon fertilizer.
5. The use of the organic carbon fertilizer as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4 for controlling tobacco diseases of the root system, wherein the tobacco diseases of the root system are tobacco bacterial wilt and/or tobacco black shank.
6. A method for controlling tobacco root diseases, which is characterized by comprising applying organic carbon fertilizer to soil, wherein the organic carbon fertilizer is the organic carbon fertilizer as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, and the tobacco root diseases are tobacco bacterial wilt and/or tobacco black shank.
7. The method as claimed in claim 6, wherein the organic carbon fertilizer is used in an amount of 15000-30000 kg-hm-2；
And/or the organic carbon fertilizer is applied for 1 time per crop.
8. The method according to any one of claims 6 or 7, wherein the method further comprises: composting the organic carbon fertilizer before application, wherein the composting conditions comprise: humidity of 40-45%, temperature of 60-75 deg.C, and time of 30-50 days.
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