CN103229787A - Method for preventing bacterial wilt of tobacco leaves - Google Patents
Method for preventing bacterial wilt of tobacco leaves Download PDFInfo
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- CN103229787A CN103229787A CN 201310156446 CN201310156446A CN103229787A CN 103229787 A CN103229787 A CN 103229787A CN 201310156446 CN201310156446 CN 201310156446 CN 201310156446 A CN201310156446 A CN 201310156446A CN 103229787 A CN103229787 A CN 103229787A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for preventing bacterial wilt of tobacco leaves, belonging to the technical field of herbal Chinese medicine agriculture and solving the problems of serious environment pollution and poor curative effect of the existing pesticide. A Chinese herbal medicine is prepared by using the following ingredients by mass: 20-30kg of rhizoma polygonati, 10-16kg of angelica sinensis, 10-20kg of radix codonopsis, 10-20kg of hawthorn, 10-20kg of radix sophorae flavescentis, 10-16kg of radix aucklandiae, 10-20kg of areca-nut and 10-20kg of celastrus angulatus. The preparation method comprises the steps of: preparing the ingredients, decocting, filtering, and packaging; a preparation method of a fertilizer comprises the steps of feeding, fermenting, drying and packaging; and the Chinese herbal medicine capable of preventing the bacterial wilt and the organic fertilizer capable of preventing bacterial wilt are matched to be applied for preventing the bacterial wilt of the tobacco leaves. According to the Chinese herbal medicine and the fertilizer capable of preventing the bacterial wilt of the tobacco leaves, the pure biological raw materials are adopted, and wastes are utilized, so that the environment pollution phenomenon cannot be generated; and in addition, the method is simple to use, and low in cost, and the bacterial wilt of tobacco leaves can be effectively prevented.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the Chinese herbal medicine agricultural technology field, especially a kind of method of preventing and treating the tobacco leaf bacterial wilt.
Background technology
Tobacco bacterial wilt (Tobaccobacterialwilt) is one of main disease of the torrid zone, subtropical zone tobacco, at present the Chinese Yangtze river basin and on the south the cigarette district generally take place, wherein cause harm seriously with the local cigarette in Guangdong, Fujian, Taiwan, Hunan, Jiangxi, east, Guangxi, south, Anhui, Sichuan and Guizhou district, indivedual times are outbreak of epidemic usually, causes crushing loss.In recent years, the morbidity of this disease and the scope that causes harm had the trend of the expansion of cigarette district north, and in Shandong, there are generation in provinces such as Henan, Shaanxi and Liaoning, some areas are caused harm heavier.The loss that present this disease causes has occupied the 4th of all kinds of diseases, must pay attention to these sick preventing and controlling.The pathogen of tobacco bacterial wilt is: Pseudomonassolanacearum (E.F.Smith) Smith claims blue or green withered false pseudomonas bacillus, belongs to bacterium.Germ mainly in soil, be lost on the invalid body in the soil and in the pin main body of growing and rhizosphere survive the winter.Seed does not generally carry disease germs.Main just infecting source is pathogen in soil, invalid tissue and the fertilizer.Pathogen is borrowed row irrigation, flowing water, the fertilizer that carries disease germs, sick seedling or is attached to sick soil on the seedling, and the propagation of carrying disease germs of people and animals and the tool of production.Sick field flowing water is the most important mode that disease infects and propagates.
The tobacco bacterial wilt classical symptom is that blade is withered.During morbidity just, the multidirectional side of diseased plant is withered, and a side supporting root blackening of extracting the visible morbidity in back is rotted, and the routine root system that the end shows disease is most of normal.The elder generation that has local mesophyll between the blade offshoot produces pathology, occurs microscler black streak on the stem, and the streak that has expands on diseased plant top or the withered petiole.Morbidity whole blades in mid-term are wilted, and the blackening of streak epidermis is rotted, and root also blackening rots, and cross-sectional sick stem firmly pushes otch, overflows the yellow-white bacterial ooze from conduit, diseased plant stem and the blackening of vein conduit.Back germ is invaded marrow, and the stem marrow is cellular or the formation cavity that all rots, and only stays xylem.
The principal element that bacterial wilt takes place comprises: environmental conditions such as soil, weather, fertilizer and measures of fertilizer, water conservancy condition and the waterlogging-resistant measure of drought resisting; Vega cause of disease cumulant; The disease resistance of tobacco bred; Cigarette strain growth and development state and well developed root system degree; Vega Fertilization Level and fertilizer type; Disease is found and control opportunity.
In the tobacco leaf cultivar, the loss that this disease causes has occupied preceding 4 of all kinds of diseases, must pay attention to these sick preventing and controlling.Also find no at present the chemical control way of effect, and the chemical agent environmental pollution is bigger, destroys soil structure, curative effect is relatively poor; Microorganism formulation carries out organic-biological control, but preventive effect is relatively poor, and controlling object is single, and at present for the special-purpose pure plant source medicament of tobacco bacterial wilt, and it is less to be particularly useful on the tobacco leaf pure plant source medicament report, and curative effect is difficult to ensure.And the method that agrochemical fertilizer is used still less.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of Chinese herbal medicine and fertilizer and preparation and using method of preventing and treating the tobacco leaf bacterial wilt, this Chinese herbal medicine and fertilizer adopt pure biological raw material, have carried out twice laid, do not produce environmental pollution phenomenon, and the preparation method is simple, and cost is low.The Chinese medicine filter residue of preparation Chinese herbal medicine is fully used, and joins in the bio-fertilizer, and raw material is fully utilized, and Chinese herbal medicine is used with the fertilizer that contains medicinal herb components, and Effective Components of Chinese Herb can be given full play to, and effect is better.
The technical solution adopted in the present invention is:
A kind of Chinese herbal medicine of preventing and treating tobacco bacterial wilt is characterized in that, is made by the raw material of following weight parts: sealwort 20～30, Radix Angelicae Sinensis 10～16, Radix Codonopsis 10～20, hawthorn 10～20, kuh-seng 10～20, the banksia rose 10～16, betel nut 10～20, Celastrus angulatus 10～20.
The preparation method of the Chinese herbal medicine of above-mentioned control tobacco bacterial wilt is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
(1) prepare raw material according to above-mentioned weight portion, ready raw material is added in the heating container, add the water of 2.5 times of raw materials, soaked 40 minutes, boiled then 40 minutes, filter, filtrate filtered is first-time filtrate, and filter residue is refunded in the heating container;
(2) add the water of 1.5 times of filter residues in the heating container, continued to boil 0.5 hour, filter, filtrate filtered is secondary filtrate, and the gained filter residue is the Chinese medicine filter residue, places standby;
(3) merge above-mentioned first-time filtrate and secondary filtrate, carry out vacuum under 50 ℃～70 ℃ conditions and concentrate, be concentrated into 1/2 of original volume, namely get soup;
(4) packing: the soup in the step (3) is packed warehouse-in.
Preferably, described heating container is that ceramic material is made.
A kind of organic manure that prevents the tobacco leaf bacterial wilt is characterized in that, is prepared from by following method:
(1) prepares raw material: take by weighing fermentation raw material by following component and weight portion, human and animal excreta: 300～400, crops straw: 350～450, vinasse 150～250, Chinese medicine filter residue (dry weight) 50～100, EM bacterium 3～9;
Described crops straw can be the stalk of wheat, corn or soybean;
Described vinasse can be grape vinasse or distillers ' grains;
The Chinese medicine filter residue that obtains in the Chinese herbal medicine preparation process of the above-mentioned control tobacco bacterial wilt of described Chinese medicine slag;
(2) reinforced: that the fermentation raw material in the step (1) is placed fermentation vat, charging process is: the crops straw of getting half is tiled in the fermentation vat bottom, the human and animal excreta of getting half be tiled in crops straw above, the vinasse of getting half are tiled in above the human and animal excreta, the Chinese medicine filter residue of getting half again evenly is sprinkling upon above the human and animal excreta, the EM bacterium is dissolved in 100 times the water, makes EM bacterium stoste, the EM bacterium stoste of getting half evenly is sprayed in the fermentation vat; Add second half remaining raw material successively according to said method, namely get fermentation raw material;
The EM bacterium is a kind of little life bacteria preparation that a microorganism is composited surplus 6 genus 56 of photosynthetic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, saccharomycete and actinomycetes.The mechanism of action is the competition that forms EM bacterium and pathogenic microorganism contention nutrition, because EM bacterium survival and reproduction very easily in soil, so can comparatively fast and stably occupy the ecologic niche in the soil, form the advantage group of useful microbial bacteria, thus the breeding of control pathogenic microorganism and to the invasion and attack of crop.
(3) at normal temperatures, with the fermentation raw material in the step (2) fermentation 3 days, during every 3.5 hours logical half an hour air, throughput is 80L/min;
(4) will be transported to drying installation through the fermentation raw material that step (3) is handled, and be dried to water content and be lower than 15wt%, namely get organic manure;
(5) organic manure in (4) is packed, packs.
The using method of the organic manure of the above-mentioned Chinese herbal medicine of preventing and treating bacterial wilt and prevention bacterial wilt is as follows: use the above-mentioned Chinese herbal medicine of preventing and treating bacterial wilt, the organic manure of compounding application prevention bacterial wilt; Concrete step of applying is as follows:
In the tobacco leaf seedling nursery phase, use the organic manure that prevents bacterial wilt at nursery lot, amount of application is 3kg/mm
2It is smooth to carry out the nursery then, behind the formation nursery, sprays the Chinese herbal medicine of preventing and treating bacterial wilt in the nursery, and amount of application is 30g/mm
2Transplant the phase at tobacco leaf, use the organic manure of prevention bacterial wilt, amount of application is 0.2kg/; The field management phase: transplanted back 20 days, and used the Chinese herbal medicine of preventing and treating bacterial wilt, amount of application is 2.5kg/ha, uses once in per 15 days before picking time, and each amount of application is 5.5kg/ha.
Beneficial effect of the present invention:
1, Chinese herbal medicine of the present invention and fertilizer all adopt pure biological raw material, and the drug effect fertilizer efficiency is all better, and do not produce environmental pollution, and the preparation method is simple.
2, contain in the present invention prescription: 8 kinds of sealworts, Radix Angelicae Sinensis, Radix Codonopsis, hawthorn, kuh-seng, the banksia rose, betel nut, Celastrus angulatus strengthen tobacco leaf immunity, to the remarkably productive Chinese medicine of tobacco leaf bacterial wilt bacterium poisoning.Wherein sealwort, Radix Angelicae Sinensis, Radix Codonopsis can increase tobacco leaf immunity, kuh-seng, the banksia rose, betel nut, Celastrus angulatus are mainly killed tobacco leaf bacterial wilt bacterium, increase immunity and combine with antibiotic, and prevention and treatment combine, control tobacco leaf bacterial wilt, whole preventive effect reaches 92.3%.
When 3, Chinese herbal medicine of the present invention and fertilizer use, preceding nursery is brought into use from growing seedlings, fundamentally prevent the generation of bacterial wilt, the Chinese herbal medicine waste residue is used for fertilizer, make and also contain traditional Chinese medicine ingredients in the fertilizer, Chinese herbal medicine is used with the fertilizer that contains medicinal herb components, and Effective Components of Chinese Herb can be given full play to, better effects if.
When 4, preparing fertilizer, lives such as human and animal excreta, crops straw, vinasse, agricultural, trade waste have been used, reach the effect of twice laid, the Chinese medicine filter residue of preparation Chinese herbal medicine is also as the raw material for preparing fertilizer, raw material is fully utilized, use the bacterium goods to ferment, make the fertilizer slaking faster more thorough, reach better effect.
5, long, the noresidue of this preparation effective drug duration has no side effect to tobacco leaf and environment.
6, production cost is low.The Chinese herbal medicine that uses in this prescription all is domestic leading traditional Chinese medicines, and low price is easily purchased, and investment of production equipment, power consumption are all lower.
Embodiment
In order to understand the present invention better, further illustrate content of the present invention below in conjunction with embodiment, but content of the present invention not only is confined to the following examples, embodiment should not regard the restriction to protection domain of the present invention as.
Embodiment one
A kind of Chinese herbal medicine of preventing and treating the tobacco leaf bacterial wilt is made by the raw material of following weight parts: sealwort 20, Radix Angelicae Sinensis 13, Radix Codonopsis 20, hawthorn 15, kuh-seng 20, the banksia rose 16, betel nut 20, Celastrus angulatus 10.
The preparation method of the Chinese herbal medicine of this control tobacco leaf bacterial wilt may further comprise the steps:
(1) prepares raw material according to above-mentioned weight portion, ready raw material is added in the heating container of ceramic material, add the water of 2.5 times of raw materials, soaked 40 minutes, boiled then 40 minutes, filter, filtrate filtered is first-time filtrate, and filter residue is refunded in the heating container;
(2) add the water of 1.5 times of filter residues in the heating container, continued to boil 0.5 hour, filter, filtrate filtered is secondary filtrate, and the gained filter residue is the Chinese medicine filter residue, places standby;
(3) merge above-mentioned first-time filtrate and secondary filtrate, carry out vacuum under 50 ℃～70 ℃ conditions and concentrate, be concentrated into 1/2 of original volume, namely get soup;
(4) packing: the soup in the step (3) is packed warehouse-in.
A kind of preparation method who prevents the organic manure of tobacco leaf bacterial wilt, step is as follows:
(1) prepares raw material: take by weighing fermentation raw material by following component and weight portion, human and animal excreta: 300, crops straw: 450, vinasse 250, Chinese medicine filter residue (dry weight) 100, EM bacterium 7;
Described crops straw can be the stalk of wheat, corn, soybean;
Described vinasse can be grape vinasse, distillers ' grains;
Described Chinese medicine slag is the described Chinese medicine filter residue of claim 2;
(2) reinforced: that the fermentation raw material in the step (1) is placed fermentation vat, charging process is: the crops straw of getting half is tiled in the fermentation vat bottom, the human and animal excreta of getting half be tiled in crops straw above, the vinasse of getting half are tiled in above the human and animal excreta, the Chinese medicine filter residue of getting half again evenly is sprinkling upon above the human and animal excreta, the bacterium goods are dissolved in 100 times the water, make EM bacterium stoste, the stoste of getting the bacterium goods of half evenly is sprayed in the fermentation vat; Add second half remaining raw material successively according to said method, namely get fermentation raw material;
(3) at normal temperatures, to the fermentation raw material in the step (2) fermentation 3 days, during every 3.5 hours logical half an hour air, throughput is 80L/min;
(4) will be transported to drying installation through the fermentation raw material that step (3) is handled, and be dried to water content and be lower than 15wt%, broken, granulation namely gets organic manure;
(5) organic manure in (4) is packed, packs.
The method that is used of the organic manure of the above-mentioned Chinese herbal medicine of preventing and treating bacterial wilt and prevention bacterial wilt is as follows;
In the tobacco leaf seedling nursery phase, use the organic manure that prevents bacterial wilt at nursery lot, amount of application is 3kg/mm
2It is smooth to carry out the nursery then, behind the formation nursery, sprays the Chinese herbal medicine of preventing and treating bacterial wilt in the nursery, and amount of application is 30g/mm
2Transplant the phase at tobacco leaf, use the organic manure of prevention bacterial wilt, amount of application is 0.2kg/; The field management phase: transplanted back 20 days, and used the Chinese herbal medicine of preventing and treating bacterial wilt, amount of application is 2.5kg/ha, uses once in per 15 days before picking time, and each amount of application is 5.5kg/ha.
Embodiment two:
Prevent and treat the Chinese herbal medicine of bacterial wilt, made by the raw material of following weight parts: sealwort 25, Radix Angelicae Sinensis 16, Radix Codonopsis 15, hawthorn 10, kuh-seng 15, the banksia rose 12, betel nut 15, Celastrus angulatus 15.The preparation method sees the preparation method of the Chinese herbal medicine of preventing and treating bacterial wilt in above-described embodiment.
The organic manure of prevention bacterial wilt is made by the raw material of following weight parts: human and animal excreta: 350, crops straw: 400, vinasse 150, Chinese medicine filter residue (dry weight) 75, EM bacterium 3; The preparation method sees the preparation method of the organic manure of prevention tobacco leaf bacterial wilt in above-described embodiment.
Embodiment three:
Prevent and treat the Chinese herbal medicine of bacterial wilt, made by the raw material of following weight parts: sealwort 30, Radix Angelicae Sinensis 10, Radix Codonopsis 10, hawthorn 20, kuh-seng 10, the banksia rose 10, betel nut 10, Celastrus angulatus 20.The preparation method sees the preparation method of the Chinese herbal medicine of preventing and treating bacterial wilt in above-described embodiment.
The organic manure of prevention bacterial wilt is made by the raw material of following weight parts: human and animal excreta: 400, crops straw: 350, vinasse 200, Chinese medicine filter residue (dry weight) 50, EM bacterium 9; The preparation method sees the preparation method of the organic manure of prevention tobacco leaf bacterial wilt in above-described embodiment.
According to using method of the present invention that the effect of products obtained therefrom in actual tobacco leaf planting is as follows:
In Linyi, Shandong Province, Weifang Yan Qu tests, experimental group is used the Chinese herbal medicine of preventing and treating bacterial wilt that the present invention produces by method of the present invention, and the organic manure of compounding application prevention bacterial wilt; Control group is not used said herbal medicine and organic manure.
Show by result of the test, use Chinese herbal medicine of the present invention and organic manure after, the leaf length of tobacco leaf, plant height, leaf are wide, the number of sheets all is greatly improved; It is also very obvious to prevent and treat the bacterial wilt effect.With do not use Chinese herbal medicine of the present invention and organic manure and compare, seedling when nursery stage finishes is on economical character indexs such as plant height, maximum leaf length, maximum width of blade, increase by 6.6%, 3.5%, 10.4% respectively, index of quality aspect, potassium content on average increases by 5.3%, per mu yield increases by 19.6%, and the per mu yield value increases by 19.3%; In the bacterial wilt symptom, the incidence of disease of control group bacterial wilt (total incidence) is 19.3%, and the incidence of disease of experimental group bacterial wilt (total incidence) is 1.49%, and whole preventive effect reaches 92.3%.
And can know through test to embody of the present invention easy to usely that cost is low, to the person poultry safety, to characteristics such as flue-cured tobacco, soil are harmless.
Claims (5)
1. Chinese herbal medicine of preventing and treating the tobacco leaf bacterial wilt, it is characterized in that, made by the raw material of following weight parts: sealwort 20～30, Radix Angelicae Sinensis 10～16, Radix Codonopsis 10～20, hawthorn 10～20, kuh-seng 10～20, the banksia rose 10～16, betel nut 10～20, Celastrus angulatus 10～20.
2. a preparation method who prevents and treats the Chinese herbal medicine of tobacco leaf bacterial wilt is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
(1) prepares raw material according to the described weight portion of claim 1, ready raw material is added in the heating container, add the water of 2.5 times of raw materials, soaked 40 minutes, boiled then 40 minutes, filter, filtrate filtered is first-time filtrate, and filter residue is refunded in the heating container;
(2) add the water of 1.5 times of filter residues in the heating container, continued to boil 0.5 hour, filter, filtrate filtered is secondary filtrate, and the gained filter residue is the Chinese medicine filter residue, places standby;
(3) merge above-mentioned first-time filtrate and secondary filtrate, carry out vacuum under 50 ℃～70 ℃ conditions and concentrate, be concentrated into 1/2 of original volume, namely get soup;
(4) packing: the soup in the step (3) is packed warehouse-in.
3. the described preparation method who prevents and treats the Chinese herbal medicine of bacterial wilt of claim 2 is characterized in that, described heating container is that ceramic material is made.
4. an organic manure that prevents the tobacco leaf bacterial wilt is characterized in that, is prepared from by following method:
(1) prepares raw material: take by weighing fermentation raw material by following component and weight portion, human and animal excreta: 300～400, crops straw: 350～450, vinasse 150～250, Chinese medicine filter residue 50～100, EM bacterium 3～9; The weight portion of described Chinese medicine filter residue is dry weight;
Described crops straw can be the stalk of wheat, corn or soybean;
Described vinasse can be grape vinasse or distillers ' grains;
Described Chinese medicine slag is the described Chinese medicine filter residue of claim 2 step (2);
(2) reinforced: that the fermentation raw material in the step (1) is placed fermentation vat, charging process is: the crops straw of getting half is tiled in the fermentation vat bottom, the human and animal excreta of getting half be tiled in crops straw above, the vinasse of getting half are tiled in above the human and animal excreta, the Chinese medicine filter residue of getting half again evenly is sprinkling upon above the human and animal excreta, the EM bacterium is dissolved in 100 times the water, makes EM bacterium stoste, the EM bacterium stoste of getting half evenly is sprayed in the fermentation vat; Add second half remaining raw material successively according to said method, namely get fermentation raw material;
(3) at normal temperatures, with the fermentation raw material in the step (2) fermentation 3 days, during every 3.5 hours logical half an hour air, throughput is 80L/min;
(4) will be transported to drying installation through the fermentation raw material that step (3) is handled, and be dried to water content and be lower than 15wt%, broken, granulation namely gets organic manure;
(5) organic manure in (4) is packed, packs.
5. a method of preventing and treating the tobacco leaf bacterial wilt is characterized in that, uses the Chinese herbal medicine of the described control tobacco leaf of claim 1 bacterial wilt, the organic manure of the described prevention tobacco leaf of compounding application claim 4 bacterial wilt; Concrete step of applying is as follows:
In the tobacco leaf seedling nursery phase, use the organic manure that prevents the tobacco leaf bacterial wilt at nursery lot, amount of application is 3kg/mm
2It is smooth to carry out the nursery then, behind the formation nursery, sprays the Chinese herbal medicine of control tobacco leaf bacterial wilt in the nursery, and amount of application is 30g/mm
2Transplant the phase at tobacco leaf, use the organic manure of prevention tobacco leaf bacterial wilt, amount of application is 0.2kg/; The field management phase: transplanted back 20 days, and used the Chinese herbal medicine of control tobacco leaf bacterial wilt, amount of application is 2.5kg/ha, uses once in per 15 days before picking time, and each amount of application is 5.5kg/ha.
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105001010A (en) * | 2015-08-13 | 2015-10-28 | 四川省烟草公司泸州市公司（泸州市烟草公司） | Flue-cured tobacco bio-organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN107361087A (en) * | 2017-03-30 | 2017-11-21 | 广西南宁绿意美农业科技有限公司 | Tobacco insect-pest upgrading agent |
| CN112194532A (en) * | 2020-09-17 | 2021-01-08 | 云南省烟草公司保山市公司 | Organic carbon fertilizer and application thereof and method for preventing and treating tobacco rhizome diseases |
| CN114868572A (en) * | 2022-04-29 | 2022-08-09 | 景宁金锄农业发展有限公司 | Method for preventing and treating canna edulis ker diseases |
-
2013
- 2013-04-28 CN CN 201310156446 patent/CN103229787A/en active Pending
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105001010A (en) * | 2015-08-13 | 2015-10-28 | 四川省烟草公司泸州市公司（泸州市烟草公司） | Flue-cured tobacco bio-organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN105001010B (en) * | 2015-08-13 | 2017-10-10 | 四川省烟草公司泸州市公司（泸州市烟草公司） | A kind of flue-cured tobacco biological organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN107361087A (en) * | 2017-03-30 | 2017-11-21 | 广西南宁绿意美农业科技有限公司 | Tobacco insect-pest upgrading agent |
| CN112194532A (en) * | 2020-09-17 | 2021-01-08 | 云南省烟草公司保山市公司 | Organic carbon fertilizer and application thereof and method for preventing and treating tobacco rhizome diseases |
| CN112194532B (en) * | 2020-09-17 | 2022-03-15 | 云南省烟草公司保山市公司 | Organic carbon fertilizer and application thereof and method for preventing and treating tobacco rhizome diseases |
| CN114868572A (en) * | 2022-04-29 | 2022-08-09 | 景宁金锄农业发展有限公司 | Method for preventing and treating canna edulis ker diseases |
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Application publication date: 20130807 |