CN114885956A - Bare-grown control method for tomato plug seedlings - Google Patents
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01N59/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
- A01N25/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests containing solids as carriers or diluents
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- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/04—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom
- A01N43/14—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom six-membered rings
- A01N43/16—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom six-membered rings with oxygen as the ring hetero atom
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N59/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
- A01N59/26—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01P—BIOCIDAL, PEST REPELLANT, PEST ATTRACTANT OR PLANT GROWTH REGULATORY ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR PREPARATIONS
- A01P21/00—Plant growth regulators
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
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- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of vegetable cultivation, in particular to a bare-grown control method of a tomato plug seedling. The method comprises the step of spraying graphene oxide and trehalose at the cotyledon flattening stage, the 1-leaf 1-heart stage and the 2-leaf 1-heart stage of the tomato seedlings. The method is nontoxic and not easy to cause phytotoxicity, the elongation of the embryonic axis of the seedlings is obviously inhibited after spraying, the photosynthetic activity of the leaves and the activity of the root system are effectively improved, the growth vigor of the plug seedlings after field planting is strong, and the method has important significance for realizing high-quality cultivation of the tomatoes.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of vegetable cultivation, in particular to a bare-grown control method of a tomato plug seedling.
Background
The tomato is rich in nutrition, delicious in taste, deeply loved by people and is one of important vegetable crops. The plug seedling cultivation saves seeds, saves energy and labor, is suitable for large-scale and standardized production, is suitable for mechanized operation, and is the most main seedling cultivation mode of tomatoes. However, under the condition of plug seedling, the seedling density is high, plants are mutually shaded, and overgrown seedlings are easily formed. In addition, in summer, rainy days and rainy days at high temperature and in winter, haze frequently appears, and the condition of weak light, high temperature and high humidity also often causes the excessive growth of seedlings. The overgrown seedlings are characterized by elongation of embryonic axis, thin and weak stems, thin and light leaves, tender tissues, undeveloped root systems, unsuitability for mechanized transplanting, easy lodging, unfavorable carrying and transportation, poor seedling stress resistance, slow seedling revival after planting, delayed breeding, reduced fruit setting rate and yield.
In tomato seedling culture, the overgrowth of plug seedlings is controlled by spraying growth retardants, such as chlormequat chloride, uniconazole, paclobutrazol, damine and the like. Most of the growth retardants are artificially synthesized chemical substances, and inhibit cell elongation by inhibiting biosynthesis of gibberellin, thereby shortening internode length and delaying and inhibiting vegetative growth of plants. However, the use of growth retardant requires strict control of the concentration, period, frequency, method, etc. and improper use period or excessive use amount of the growth retardant easily causes phytotoxicity, affects the normal growth of plants, and significantly affects the yield and quality. In addition, growth retardants belong to the class of pesticides and are toxic to humans and animals.
Therefore, a new method for controlling the excessive growth of the tomato plug seedlings is needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for controlling excessive growth of plug seedlings of tomatoes, which is non-toxic and not easy to cause phytotoxicity, obviously inhibits the elongation of embryonic axes of seedlings after spraying, effectively improves the photosynthetic activity of leaves and the activity of roots, has strong growth vigor after field planting of the plug seedlings, and has important significance for realizing high-quality cultivation of the tomatoes.
The invention firstly provides a tomato plug seedling spindly-growth control composition, which comprises the following components:
the first reagent contains 8-12mg/L of graphene oxide and 8-12g/L of trehalose;
the second reagent contains 8-12mg/L of graphene oxide, 8-12g/L of trehalose and 0.5-1.5g/L of monopotassium phosphate.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the tomato plug seedling spindling control composition,
in the first reagent, the weight ratio of graphene oxide to trehalose is 1mg:1 g; in the second reagent, the weight ratio of the graphene oxide to the trehalose is 1mg:1 g.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the tomato plug seedling spindling control composition comprises:
the first reagent contains 10mg/L of graphene oxide and 10g/L of trehalose;
the second reagent contains 10mg/L of graphene oxide, 10g/L of trehalose and 1g/L of monopotassium phosphate.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the solvent of the first and second reagent is water.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the first reagent is a solution composed of graphene oxide, trehalose, and water.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the second reagent is a solution composed of graphene oxide, trehalose, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and water.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the tomato plug seedling spindling control composition consists of a first agent and a second agent.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the graphene oxide is a single layer, the purity is more than or equal to 98%, the thickness is about 1nm, and the diameter of the sheet layer is 0.2-10 μm.
According to embodiments of the present invention, the first and second agents may be formulated according to methods conventional in the art.
The invention also provides an application of the tomato plug seedling spindling control composition in tomato plug seedling spindling control.
The invention also provides a method for controlling the excessive growth of the tomato plug seedlings, which comprises the following steps:
respectively spraying the first reagent in the cotyledon flattening period and the 1-leaf 1-heart period of the tomato seedlings; the spraying amount is 50-150 mL/square meter each time; for example 100 mL/square meter;
spraying the second reagent in the 2-leaf 1-heart stage of the tomato seedlings; the spraying amount is 150-250 mL/square meter; for example 200 mL/square meter.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the method for controlling the excessive growth of the tomato plug seedlings comprises the following steps:
respectively spraying the first reagent in the cotyledon flattening period and the 1-leaf 1-heart period of the tomato seedlings; the spraying amount is 100 mL/square meter each time; the first reagent contains 10mg/L of graphene oxide and 10g/L of trehalose;
spraying the second reagent in the 2-leaf 1-heart stage of the tomato seedlings; the spraying amount is 200 mL/square meter; the second reagent contains 10mg/L of graphene oxide, 10g/L of trehalose and 1g/L of monopotassium phosphate.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the time interval of each spraying is not less than 5 days.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the second spraying can be carried out after 5 days of the previous spraying according to the growth vigor of tomato seedlings, and the spraying amount and the spraying time are the same as those of the previous spraying.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the spraying time is selected from the time points of cloudy days or evening (for example, 16-18 points).
According to the embodiment of the invention, the method for controlling the excessive growth of the plug seedlings of the tomatoes further comprises the step of continuously cultivating the tomato seedlings to be seedlings under the appropriate environmental conditions and under the conventional management.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the tomato variety is 'Zhongza 9' cultivated by the vegetable and flower institute of Chinese academy of agricultural sciences.
Trehalose (trehalase) is a natural non-reducing disaccharide made up of two glucose molecules linked by an alpha, alpha-1, 1-glycosidic bond. Graphene oxide (Graphene oxide) is a novel carbon nanomaterial, is a two-dimensional planar material with a single atomic layer, has a thickness of about 1nm, but can be extended to tens of microns in lateral dimension, and therefore has a large specific surface area.
The invention unexpectedly discovers that trehalose can effectively control the elongation of the embryonic axis of the tomato seedling, graphene oxide is used as a carrier and a synergist, and potassium dihydrogen phosphate can properly balance the nutrients of the seedling and promote the growth of the root system of the seedling; the method is nontoxic and not easy to cause phytotoxicity, the elongation of the embryonic axis of the seedlings is obviously inhibited after spraying, the photosynthetic activity of the leaves and the activity of the root system are effectively improved, the growth vigor of the plug seedlings after field planting is strong, and the method has important significance for realizing high-quality cultivation of the tomatoes.
The beneficial effects of the invention at least comprise one of the following:
1) trehalose and graphene oxide solution with proper concentration are sprayed to effectively control the excessive growth of the embryonic axis of the tomato seedlings, and the graphene oxide is used as a carrier and a synergist to promote the absorption of the trehalose by leaves;
2) in the later growth stage of the seedlings, appropriate nutrient elements such as N, P, K and the like are added, so that the nutrition of the seedlings is balanced while the growth is regulated, and the root growth of the seedlings is promoted;
3) the trehalose adopted by the method is a natural substance, is nontoxic and is not easy to cause phytotoxicity.
Drawings
FIG. 1: the embodiment of the invention discloses the growth condition of tomato seedlings after different treatments.
Detailed Description
The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Example 1
1) Reagent:
a first reagent: weighing 30mg of graphene oxide powder, adding 1L of water to prepare a 30mg/L aqueous solution, and carrying out water bath ultrasonic treatment for 1 h; weighing 30g of trehalose powder, and adding 1L of water to prepare a 30g/L aqueous solution; uniformly mixing the graphene oxide solution, the trehalose solution and water according to the volume ratio of 1:1:1 to prepare a reagent A.
A second reagent: weighing 30mg of graphene oxide powder, adding 1L of water to prepare a 30mg/L aqueous solution, and carrying out water bath ultrasonic treatment for 1 h; weighing 30g of trehalose powder, and adding 1L of water to prepare a 30g/L aqueous solution; weighing 3g of monopotassium phosphate, adding 1L of water, and preparing into an aqueous solution with the mass fraction of 3 g/L; and uniformly mixing the graphene oxide solution, the trehalose solution and the potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution according to the volume ratio of 1:1:1 to prepare a reagent B.
3) The tomato variety is 'Zhongza No. 9' cultivated by the vegetable and flower research institute of Chinese academy of agricultural sciences.
4) The method comprises the steps of selecting full tomato seeds, soaking the seeds for 6 hours at normal temperature, sterilizing with 5% NaClO solution for 10 minutes, washing with clear water for 5 times, sowing the seeds in a plastic hole tray filled with a warm soup for soaking the seeds, and respectively sowing the seeds in a 72-hole plastic hole tray filled with a mixed matrix of turf, vermiculite and perlite in a volume ratio of 3:1:1, wherein one hole is suitable for environment and conventional water and fertilizer management.
5) Seedlings were divided into 8 treatments, control and treatment I-treatment VII.
Control group: spraying clear water respectively in the cotyledon flattening period and the 1-leaf 1-heart period, wherein the spraying amount is 100 mL/square meter each time; and spraying clear water in the 2-leaf 1-heart period, wherein the spraying amount is 200 mL/square meter.
Treatment group I: adopting a traditional chlormequat chloride spraying method to control the excessive growth, and respectively spraying 200mg/L chlormequat chloride (2-chloro-N, N, N-trimethyl ethylammonium chloride) solution in the cotyledon flattening period and the 1-leaf 1-heart period, wherein the spraying amount is 100 mL/square meter each time; spraying a solution (200mg/L chlormequat chloride and 1g/L monopotassium phosphate) in the 2-leaf 1-heart period, wherein the spraying amount is 200 mL/square meter.
Treatment group II: respectively spraying 10g/L of trehalose solution in the cotyledon flattening period and the 1-leaf 1-heart period, wherein the spraying amount is 100 mL/square meter each time; spraying solution (10g/L trehalose and 1g/L potassium dihydrogen phosphate) in 2 leaves and 1 heart period, wherein the spraying amount is 200 mL/square meter.
Treatment group III: spraying 20g/L trehalose solution in the cotyledon flattening period and the 1-leaf 1-heart period respectively, wherein the spraying amount is 100 mL/square meter each time; spraying solution (20g/L trehalose and 1g/L potassium dihydrogen phosphate) in 2 leaves and 1 heart period, wherein the spraying amount is 200 mL/square meter.
Treatment group IV: respectively spraying 5mg/L graphene oxide solution in the cotyledon flattening period and the 1-leaf 1-heart period, wherein the spraying amount is 100 mL/square meter each time; spraying solution (5mg/L graphene oxide and 1g/L potassium dihydrogen phosphate) in 2 leaves and 1 heart period, wherein the spraying amount is 200 mL/square meter.
Treatment of group V: respectively spraying 10mg/L graphene oxide solution in the cotyledon flattening period and the 1-leaf 1-heart period, wherein the spraying amount is 100 mL/square meter each time; spraying solution (10mg/L graphene oxide and 1g/L potassium dihydrogen phosphate) in 2 leaves and 1 heart period, wherein the spraying amount is 200 mL/square meter.
Treatment of group VI: and respectively spraying the reagent A in the cotyledon flattening period and the 1-leaf 1-heart period, wherein the spraying amount is 100 mL/square meter each time, and spraying the reagent B in the 2-leaf 1-heart period, wherein the spraying amount is 200 mL/square meter.
Treatment group VII: spraying solutions (10mg/L graphene oxide and 20g/L trehalose) in the cotyledon flattening period and the 1-leaf 1-heart period respectively, wherein the spraying amount is 100 mL/square meter each time; 2, spraying solution (10mg/L graphene oxide, 20g/L trehalose and 1g/L potassium dihydrogen phosphate) in the 1-leaf cardiac period, wherein the spraying amount is 200 mL/square meter.
The treatments were all selected to be sprayed at 16:00 pm.
6) When the tomato seedlings are cultured to 3 leaves and 1 heart stage, measuring the plant height of the seedlings, measuring the photosynthetic rate of the leaves, the chlorophyll content and the activity of the root system, measuring the dry mass of the stem thickness, the overground part and the root system of the seedlings, and calculating the seedling strong seedling index according to the following formula.
Photosynthetic Rate P n : the measurement is carried out by adopting an LI-6400 portable photosynthetic apparatus, an LED artificial light source of the system is adopted during the measurement, the measured leaf is a 2 nd true leaf, and 10 seedlings are randomly selected for measurement in each treatment.
Chlorophyll content: the measurement is carried out by adopting a SPAD502 chlorophyll apparatus, the measured leaf is the 2 nd true leaf, and 10 seedlings are randomly selected for measurement in each treatment.
Root system activity: root activity (Zhouchas, 1995) was determined by triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) reduction method, 3 replicates were set for each treatment, and 5 seedlings were randomly selected for each replicate.
Reference documents: zhongqi plant physiological and biochemical experiment guidance. Beijing: chinese agricultural Press, 1995, 30-31.
7) Results are shown in Table 1 and FIG. 1.
TABLE 1 growth of tomato seedlings after different treatments
Note: different lower case letters indicate significant differences between treatments (P < 0.05).
The result shows that the trehalose treatment can inhibit excessive growth of the tomato plug seedlings, and the graphene oxide treatment alone does not have the effect of inhibiting excessive growth but can be used as a synergist of the trehalose; the optimal concentration combination is that the VI group is treated, the spindling is effectively controlled, the photosynthetic rate and the root activity of the tomato seedlings are not reduced, and the strong seedling index is not reduced; the other concentration combination concentration also has the inhibiting effect on the photosynthesis and the root activity of the seedlings; for the traditional chlormequat chloride treatment method (i.e. group I treatment), although the spindly growth of the hole tray seedlings of the tomatoes can be inhibited, the photosynthesis of the seedlings is also inhibited, the root activity is reduced, and the strong seedling index is reduced.
Claims (10)
1. A tomato plug seedling spindling control composition comprises:
the first reagent contains 8-12mg/L of graphene oxide and 8-12g/L of trehalose;
the second reagent contains 8-12mg/L of graphene oxide, 8-12g/L of trehalose and 0.5-1.5g/L of monopotassium phosphate.
2. The tomato plug seedling spindling control composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the first reagent, the weight ratio of graphene oxide to trehalose is 1mg:1 g; in the second reagent, the weight ratio of the graphene oxide to the trehalose is 1mg:1 g.
3. The tomato plug seedling spindling control composition of claim 1, comprising:
the first reagent contains 10mg/L of graphene oxide and 10g/L of trehalose;
the second reagent contains 10mg/L of graphene oxide, 10g/L of trehalose and 1g/L of monopotassium phosphate.
4. The tomato plug seedling spindling control composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the graphene oxide is a single layer, the purity is greater than or equal to 98%, the thickness is about 1nm, and the diameter of the layer is 0.2-10 μm.
5. A method for controlling the spindling of tomato plug seedlings comprises the following steps:
spraying the first reagent as claimed in any one of claims 1-4 at the cotyledon flattening stage and 1-leaf 1 heart stage of tomato seedlings respectively; the spraying amount is 50-150 mL/square meter each time; for example 100 mL/square meter;
spraying the second reagent as claimed in any one of claims 1-4 on tomato seedlings at 2-leaf 1-heart stage; the spraying amount is 150-250 mL/square meter; for example 200 mL/square meter.
6. The method for controlling excessive growth of tomato plug seedlings according to claim 5, comprising:
respectively spraying a first reagent in the cotyledon flattening period and the 1-leaf 1-heart period of the tomato seedlings; the spraying amount is 100 mL/square meter each time; the first reagent contains 10mg/L of graphene oxide and 10g/L of trehalose;
spraying a second reagent in the 2-leaf 1-heart stage of the tomato seedlings; the spraying amount is 200 mL/square meter; the second reagent contains 10mg/L of graphene oxide, 10g/L of trehalose and 1g/L of monopotassium phosphate.
7. The method for controlling excessive growth of tomato plug seedlings according to claim 5 or 6, wherein the time interval between each spraying is not less than 5 days.
8. The method for controlling the spindling of tomato plug seedlings according to any one of claims 5-7, wherein the spraying time is selected from the shade or evening time.
9. The method for controlling excessive growth of plug seedlings of tomatoes as claimed in any one of claims 5 to 8, further comprising continuing to grow the tomato seedlings to maturity under suitable environmental conditions and routine management.
10. The method for controlling excessive growth of plug seedlings of tomatoes as claimed in any one of claims 5 to 9, wherein the tomato variety "Zhongza 9".
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