CN1148662A - 燃气轮机发电机组运转方法 - Google Patents

燃气轮机发电机组运转方法 Download PDF

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CN1148662A
CN1148662A CN96112159A CN96112159A CN1148662A CN 1148662 A CN1148662 A CN 1148662A CN 96112159 A CN96112159 A CN 96112159A CN 96112159 A CN96112159 A CN 96112159A CN 1148662 A CN1148662 A CN 1148662A
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interstage cooler
cooling
air
temperature
anger
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CN1071402C (zh
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H·U·弗卢希
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General Electric Switzerland GmbH
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ABB Management AG
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D25/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
    • F01D25/007—Preventing corrosion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C7/00—Features, components parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart form groups F02C1/00 - F02C6/00; Air intakes for jet-propulsion plants
    • F02C7/12—Cooling of plants
    • F02C7/14—Cooling of plants of fluids in the plant, e.g. lubricant or fuel
    • F02C7/141—Cooling of plants of fluids in the plant, e.g. lubricant or fuel of working fluid
    • F02C7/143—Cooling of plants of fluids in the plant, e.g. lubricant or fuel of working fluid before or between the compressor stages
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C7/00—Features, components parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart form groups F02C1/00 - F02C6/00; Air intakes for jet-propulsion plants
    • F02C7/30—Preventing corrosion or unwanted deposits in gas-swept spaces
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/16—Combined cycle power plant [CCPP], or combined cycle gas turbine [CCGT]

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
  • Supercharger (AREA)
  • Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)
  • Drying Of Gases (AREA)

Abstract

燃气轮机发电机组 运行方法，机组压气单元装有级间 冷却器(9)。测量环境温度(T)，进气 (7)空气温度(ψ)和级间冷却器(9) 的输出压力(Pic)后输入计算机(15)， 由计算机控制级间冷却器(9)和散 热器(14)间冷却媒介循环(13，13a) 中的部件，以此影响级间冷却器(9) 输出的冷却预压缩空气(10)的露点温度。

Description

燃气轮机发电机组运转方法
本发明涉及权利要求1前序部分所述方法。
燃气轮机发电机组压气单元组装级间冷却器对应注意避免湿蒸气在燃气轮机中凝结，特别是采用轴向压气机时，由于沾染尘土的水蒸汽再蒸发作用，级间冷却装置后接压气装置引起叶轮上产生牢固的沉积层，运转中降低功效。视漏过空气过滤器的尘埃性质不同，特别是在叶片上可能出现硬化沉积层，只有拆开机器才能消除，除了刚才说的影响功效外还带来停机造成的时间损失。
已知对策是，把回冷温度保持在45-70℃的较高温度。但须注意的是，湿气凝结并非取决于级间冷却器中回冷空气的温度和压力而是取决于相应冷却面的最低温度。
这种整体技术方案，当气候条件不在此范围时，会显著影响级间冷却装置的功效潜力。
为了对上述问题作出补救。如权利要求所述，本发明之目的在于提出本文先有技术部分所述的方法，避免级间冷却时在压气过程中产生水汽凝结。
为了充分利用级间冷却的功效潜力，需根据环境温度、相对湿度，有时加上环境气压等因素，把冷却水或其它致冷媒介的温度控制在露点。冷却水低于冷却件1至3℃的较小温差恰好能得到所需要的保险性。
本发明的优选的并合乎目的其它进一步技术方案见其它权利要求的技术特征。
下面借表示本实施例之附图对本发明作出简要说明。其中略去了所有与理解本发明无直接关系的部分，不同图中相同部件标以相同标号。
图1为具有冷却水温度控制的发电机组。
图2为不同压气压力下空气水蒸气饱和曲线。
图1为发电机组结构，对燃气轮机组一个压气单元的部分压缩气体级间冷却媒介的温度进行调控，以下均以水作致冷媒介。发电机组本身由低压压气机1，后接高压压气机2，燃烧室3，涡轮机4和发电机5组成。低压压气机1进气方至少有一个可调压导管排6，其作用将在后面联系致冷媒介温度调控阐述。进气空气7在低压压气机1中被预压缩，该空气8导入级间冷却器9，在其中冷却后，该空气10在高压压气机2中被末级压缩后导入燃烧室3。燃烧室3产生的高温气体冲击后接涡轮机，废气11一般要在图中略去的蒸发器中放出采热以产生蒸气推动汽轮机。在泵12的作用下，级间冷却器9中流过逆压缩气体8而流的冷或预热的冷却水13。级间冷却器9中，冷却水经过热交换过程升温为13a导入散热装置14，此处画的是散热塔。测出环境温度T，湿度4，环境气压P及级间冷却器9的输出气压Pic后将这些信号输入计算机15，确定在级间冷却器9中冷却后的空气10在级间冷却器9输出与高压压气机输入间采样点16的露点温度，计算机同时进行控制工作，调控冷却器的冷水流13和温水流13a间的旁路装置17，或许还调控节流阀18，靠旁路的温水把散热器14输出的冷却水13在级间冷却器9入口前的19处升高到露点温度，成为预热冷却水。这里测出的预热冷却水温度信息Tw用作反馈信号。当级间冷却器构造恰当，特别是有高效排水装置时，可以把直接进入高压压气机前16处的冷却后级间压缩空气10的温度调节在这样的数值(即露点温度)。取决于环境温度T和上述19、16位处现有温度，级间冷却器输出压力Pic变化很大。极端条件下对分级压气机1和2产生不利影响，为控制这种情况，计算机15操纵可调压气机导管排6，使压气机1输出的预压缩气体8的预压力适当，这一措施仅在为避免蒸汽凝结不得不对预压力采取措施时采取。
图2为空气包含水蒸汽的能力的曲线(露点)。横座标X为温度，纵座标Y为空气绝对湿度，以克水/公斤空气为单位，其函数为100％相当湿度常压曲线(露线)，以4个例子说明其关系：
例A
环境温度为0℃时，1公斤空气本身最大湿度下仅容纳4克水蒸汽，如级间冷却器为3巴压力，应使冷却水控制在14℃才不致出现水汽凝结。
例B
在ISO条件下，即15℃和60％相对湿度，ψ＝60％，1公斤空气含6.4克水蒸汽，这时压力若为3巴冷却水温不应低于22℃
例C和例D
在高的室温30℃且80％空气湿度时，冷却水温度不应低于46℃，100％空气湿度时不应低于51℃。而预压为8巴时要求高于10℃。由图2可见，提高预压力就要提高冷却水温、反之亦然。
为充分发挥级间冷却的热力学潜能就要尽可能选较低预压力。
除水以外可采用任意其它致冷媒介或说导热媒介。
压气单元可有多级级间冷却装置，须各自配备温控。
与机械方法，如离心沉降法及等或对流开关致冷元件等比较，加压过程中这种阻止来水汽凝结和再蒸发的方法压力降低很少，费用不高。
                图标说明1.低压压气机2.高压压气机3.燃烧室4.涡轮机5.发电机6.可调压气机导管排7.进气8.预压缩空气9.级间冷却器10.冷却后的预压缩空气11.废气12.泵13.预热冷却水13a.加温冷却水14.散热池、冷却器15.计算机，控制器16.测露点温度处17.旁路18.节流阀19.级间冷却器前位T.环境温度ψ空气湿度P环境压力Pic级间冷却器输出压力Tw预热冷却水温Xw横座标，温度Y纵座标，绝对特定的空气湿度、单位为克水蒸汽/新空气。

Claims (2)

1.燃气轮机发电机组运行方法，机组主要由其间有一或多个流有冷却媒介的级间冷却器，以冷却预压缩空气的压气单元、一或多年燃烧室，一或多个涡轮机、一或多个发电机组成，其特征是，经过测定环境温度(T)，进气空气湿度(ψ)和级间冷却器(9)的输出压(Pic)等参数，输入计算机(15)，由它控制安装在级间冷却器(9)的散热器(4)间冷却媒介循环(13、13a)中的部件(17、19)而影响级间冷却器(9)输出的冷却预压缩空气(10)的温度。
2.根据权利要求1所述方法，其特征是，为进一步控制级间冷却器(9)不同输出气压(Pic)下冷却预压缩空气(10)的露点温度，调控压气单元预压气机(1)的可调压气导管排。
CN96112159A 1995-08-28 1996-08-28 燃气轮机发电机组运转方法 Expired - Fee Related CN1071402C (zh)

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Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101498243A (zh) * 2008-01-31 2009-08-05 通用电气公司 发电涡轮系统
CN109891058A (zh) * 2016-11-25 2019-06-14 三菱日立电力系统株式会社 热交换系统及其运转方法、燃气轮机的冷却系统及冷却方法、以及燃气轮机系统
US11441452B2 (en) 2016-11-25 2022-09-13 Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. Heat exchange system, cooling system and cooling method of gas turbine, and gas turbine system
CN114233466A (zh) * 2021-12-17 2022-03-25 中国船舶重工集团公司第七一一研究所 一种间冷后温度控制装置及其控制方法
CN114405046A (zh) * 2022-02-28 2022-04-29 中国科学院长春应用化学研究所 一种基于真空升华提纯设备的降温装置
CN114405046B (zh) * 2022-02-28 2023-08-29 中国科学院长春应用化学研究所 一种基于真空升华提纯设备的降温装置

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CA2181647A1 (en) 1997-03-01
EP0761944B1 (de) 2001-10-31
CN1071402C (zh) 2001-09-19
US5758485A (en) 1998-06-02
EP0761944A1 (de) 1997-03-12
DE59608051D1 (de) 2001-12-06
DE19531562A1 (de) 1997-03-06

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