CN1071402C - 燃气轮机发电机组运转方法 - Google Patents

燃气轮机发电机组运转方法 Download PDF

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CN1071402C
CN1071402C CN96112159A CN96112159A CN1071402C CN 1071402 C CN1071402 C CN 1071402C CN 96112159 A CN96112159 A CN 96112159A CN 96112159 A CN96112159 A CN 96112159A CN 1071402 C CN1071402 C CN 1071402C
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interstage cooler
air
cooling medium
cooling
temperature
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CN1148662A (zh
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H·U·弗卢希
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General Electric Switzerland GmbH
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ABB Alstom Power Switzerland Ltd
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D25/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
    • F01D25/007—Preventing corrosion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C7/00—Features, components parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart form groups F02C1/00 - F02C6/00; Air intakes for jet-propulsion plants
    • F02C7/12—Cooling of plants
    • F02C7/14—Cooling of plants of fluids in the plant, e.g. lubricant or fuel
    • F02C7/141—Cooling of plants of fluids in the plant, e.g. lubricant or fuel of working fluid
    • F02C7/143—Cooling of plants of fluids in the plant, e.g. lubricant or fuel of working fluid before or between the compressor stages
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C7/00—Features, components parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart form groups F02C1/00 - F02C6/00; Air intakes for jet-propulsion plants
    • F02C7/30—Preventing corrosion or unwanted deposits in gas-swept spaces
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/16—Combined cycle power plant [CCPP], or combined cycle gas turbine [CCGT]

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
  • Supercharger (AREA)
  • Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)
  • Drying Of Gases (AREA)

Abstract

燃气轮机发电机组运行方法，机组压气机组装有级间冷却器(9)。测量环境温度(T)，进气(7)空气湿度(Φ)和级间冷却器(9)的输出压力(Pic)后输入计算机(15)，由计算机控制级间冷却器(9)和散热器(14)间冷却介质回路(13，13a)中的部件，以此影响级间冷却器(9)输出的冷却预压缩空气(10)的露点温度。

Description

燃气轮机发电机组运行方法
本发明涉及一种燃气轮机发电机组运行方法。
燃气轮机发电机组的压气机组安装有级间冷却器时应注意避免湿蒸气在燃气轮机中凝结，特别是采用轴向压气机时，由于沾染尘土的水蒸汽再蒸发作用，级间冷却装置后接压气装置会引起叶轮上产生牢固的沉积层，运转中降低功效。视漏过空气过滤器的尘埃性质不同，特别是在叶片上可能出现硬化沉积层，只有拆开机器才能消除，除了刚才说的影响功效外还带来停机造成的时间损失。
已知对策是，把回冷温度保持在45-70℃的较高温度。但须注意的是，湿气凝结并非取决于级间冷却器中回冷空气的温度和压力而是取决于相应冷却面的最低温度。
这种整体技术方案，当气候条件不在此范围时，会显著影响级间冷却装置的功效潜力。
为了克服上述问题，本发明之目的在于提出一种燃气轮机发电机组运行方法，该方法可以避免在压气过程中的级间冷却时产生水汽凝结。
为了充分利用级间冷却的功效潜力，需根据环境温度、相对湿度，有时加上环境气压等因素，把冷却水或其它冷却介质的温度控制在露点。冷却水低于冷却件1至3℃的较小温差恰好能得到所需要的保险性。
根据本发明，提供一种燃气轮机发电机组运行方法，该发电机组主要包括一个压气机组、至少一个燃烧室、至少一个涡轮机以及至少一个发电机，其中所述压气机组包括至少两个部分压气机，它们相对气流串联配置，所述压气机安装有至少一个用于冷却部分压缩空气的级间冷却器，其配置在该两个部分压气机之间的流动路线上，所述级间冷却器包含一个冷却介质回路，已升温的冷却介质通过所述冷却介质回路引导至散热器，再返回至级间冷却器；所述方法包括以下步骤：-测定至少一环境温度(T)、一环境空气湿度(φ)和一在级间冷却器出口处的部分压缩空气的压力(Pic)；-由测定出的数值来确定级间冷却器出口处的空气的露点温度；-将一部分已升温的冷却介质流走旁路绕过该散热器，并将该部分冷却介质流混合到散热器下游的已冷却的冷却介质中；-控制所述的部分冷却介质流的质量流量，并且在有需要时，控制散热器下游的已冷却的冷却介质的质量流量，由此来控制质量流，使得进入级间冷却器的全部冷却介质的温度与级间冷却器出口处的空气的露点温度相等。
在上述方法中，可以调节压气机组中的预压气机的可调压气机导管排，以便进一步调节级间冷却器在不同输出气压(Pic)下的已冷却预压缩空气的露点温度。
下面借表示本实施例之附图对本发明作出简要说明。其中略去了所有与理解本发明无直接关系的部分，不同图中相同部件标以相同标号。
图1为具有冷却水温度控制的发电机组。
图2为不同压气压力下空气水蒸气饱和曲线。
图1为发电机组结构，对燃气轮机组一个压气机组的部分压缩空气级间冷却介质的温度进行调控，以下均以水作为冷却介质。发电机组本身由低压压气机1，后接高压压气机2，燃烧室3，涡轮机4和发电机5组成。低压压气机1进气方至少有一个可调压气机导管排6，其作用将在后面结合冷却介质的温度调控进行阐述。进气空气7在低压压气机1中被预压缩，该空气8导入级间冷却器9，在其中冷却后，该空气10在高压压气机2中被最后压缩后导入燃烧室3。燃烧室3产生的高温气体进入后接涡轮机，废气11一般要在图中略去的蒸发器中放出余热以产生蒸气推动汽轮机。在泵12的作用下，级间冷却器9中流过逆压缩气体8而流的冷或预热的冷却水13。级间冷却器9中，冷却水经过热交换过程加热成为升温冷却水13a后导入散热装置14，此处示出的是一散热塔。测出环境温度T，湿度φ，环境气压P及级间冷却器9的输出气压Pic后将这些信号输入计算机15，确定在级间冷却器9中冷却后的空气10在级间冷却器9下游与高压压气机上游之间的采样点16处的露点温度，计算机同时进行控制工作，调控冷却器的冷水流13和升温的冷却水流13a间的旁路装置17，或许还调控节流阀18，靠旁路的温水把散热器14输出的冷却水13在级间冷却器9入口前的19处升高到露点温度，成为预热冷却水。这里测出的预热冷却水温度信息Tw用作反馈信号。当级间冷却器构造恰当，特别是有高效排水装置时，可以把直接进入高压压气机前16处的冷却后级间压缩空气10的温度调节在这样的数值(即露点温度)。取决于环境温度T和上述19、16位处现有温度，级间冷却器输出压力Pic变化很大。极端条件下对分级压气机1和2产生不利影响，为控制这种情况，计算机15操纵可调压气机导管排6，使压气机1输出的预压缩气体8的预压力适当，这一措施仅在为避免蒸汽凝结不得不对预压力采取措施时采取。
图2为空气包含水蒸汽的能力的曲线(露点)。横座标X为温度，纵座标Y为空气绝对湿度，以克水/公斤空气为单位，其函数为100％相当湿度常压曲线(露线)，以4个例子说明其关系：
例A
环境温度为0℃时，1公斤空气本身最大湿度下仅容纳4克水蒸汽，如级间冷却器为3巴压力，应使冷却水控制在14℃才不致出现水汽凝结。
例B
在ISO条件下，即15℃和60％相对湿度，φ=60％，1公斤空气含6.4克水蒸汽，这时压力若为3巴冷却水温不应低于22℃
例C和例D
在高的室温30℃且80％空气湿度时，冷却水温度不应低于46℃，100％空气湿度时不应低于51℃。而预压为8巴时要求高于10℃。由图2可见，提高预压力就要提高冷却水温、反之亦然。
为充分发挥级间冷却的热力学潜能就要尽可能选较低预压力。
除水以外可采用任意其它冷却介质或是导热媒介。
压气单元可有多级级间冷却装置，须各自配备温控。
与机械方法，如离心沉降法或致冷元件的并流或逆流连接等比较，这种在加压过程中阻止水汽凝结和再蒸发的方法压力降低很少，费用不高。
图标说明
1．低压压气机
2．高压压气机
3．燃烧室
4．涡轮机
5．发电机
6．可调压气机导管排
7．进气
8．预压缩空气
9．级间冷却器
10．冷却后的预压缩空气
11．废气
12．泵
13．预热冷却水
13a．升温冷却水
14．散热池、冷却器
15．计算机，控制器
16．测露点温度处
17．旁路
18．节流阀
19．级间冷却器前位
T．环境温度
φ空气湿度
P环境压力
Pic级间冷却器输出压力
Tw预热冷却水温
Xw横座标，温度
Y纵座标，绝对特定的空气湿度、单位为克水蒸汽/新空气。

Claims (2)

1．一种燃气轮机发电机组运行方法，该发电机组主要包括一个压气机组、至少一个燃烧室、至少一个涡轮机以及至少一个发电机，其中所述压气机组包括至少两个部分压气机(1、2)，它们相对气流串联配置，所述压气机安装有至少一个用于冷却部分压缩空气(8)的级间冷却器(9)，其配置在该两个部分压气机之间的流动路线上，所述级间冷却器包含一个冷却介质回路，已升温的冷却介质(13a)通过所述冷却介质回路引导至散热器(14)，再返回至级间冷却器；
所述方法包括以下步骤：
-测定至少一环境温度(T)、一环境空气湿度(φ)和一在级间冷却器出口处的部分压缩空气的压力(Pic)；
-由测定出的数值来确定级间冷却器出口处的空气的露点温度；
-将一部分已升温的冷却介质流走旁路绕过该散热器，并将该部分冷却介质流混合到散热器下游的已冷却的冷却介质中；
-控制所述的部分冷却介质流的质量流量，并且在有需要时，控制散热器下游的已冷却的冷却介质的质量流量，
由此来控制质量流，使得进入级间冷却器的全部冷却介质的温度与级间冷却器出口处的空气的露点温度相等。
2．根据权利要求1所述方法，其特征在于，调节压气机组中的预压气机(1)的可调压气机导管排(6)，以便进一步调节级间冷却器(9)在不同输出气压(Pic)下的已冷却预压缩空气(10)的露点温度。
CN96112159A 1995-08-28 1996-08-28 燃气轮机发电机组运转方法 Expired - Fee Related CN1071402C (zh)

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