CN114847242B - Method for efficiently controlling facility vegetable pests by predatory mites - Google Patents
Method for efficiently controlling facility vegetable pests by predatory mites Download PDFInfo
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- CN114847242B CN114847242B CN202210672631.2A CN202210672631A CN114847242B CN 114847242 B CN114847242 B CN 114847242B CN 202210672631 A CN202210672631 A CN 202210672631A CN 114847242 B CN114847242 B CN 114847242B
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/033—Rearing or breeding invertebrates; New breeds of invertebrates
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01M—CATCHING, TRAPPING OR SCARING OF ANIMALS; APPARATUS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF NOXIOUS ANIMALS OR NOXIOUS PLANTS
- A01M99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08B—POLYSACCHARIDES; DERIVATIVES THEREOF
- C08B37/00—Preparation of polysaccharides not provided for in groups C08B1/00 - C08B35/00; Derivatives thereof
- C08B37/0006—Homoglycans, i.e. polysaccharides having a main chain consisting of one single sugar, e.g. colominic acid
- C08B37/0024—Homoglycans, i.e. polysaccharides having a main chain consisting of one single sugar, e.g. colominic acid beta-D-Glucans; (beta-1,3)-D-Glucans, e.g. paramylon, coriolan, sclerotan, pachyman, callose, scleroglucan, schizophyllan, laminaran, lentinan or curdlan; (beta-1,6)-D-Glucans, e.g. pustulan; (beta-1,4)-D-Glucans; (beta-1,3)(beta-1,4)-D-Glucans, e.g. lichenan; Derivatives thereof
- C08B37/0027—2-Acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-glucans; Derivatives thereof
- C08B37/003—Chitin, i.e. 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-(beta-1,4)-D-glucan or N-acetyl-beta-1,4-D-glucosamine; Chitosan, i.e. deacetylated product of chitin or (beta-1,4)-D-glucosamine; Derivatives thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01M—CATCHING, TRAPPING OR SCARING OF ANIMALS; APPARATUS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF NOXIOUS ANIMALS OR NOXIOUS PLANTS
- A01M2200/00—Kind of animal
- A01M2200/01—Insects
- A01M2200/012—Flying insects
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
- Y02A50/30—Against vector-borne diseases, e.g. mosquito-borne, fly-borne, tick-borne or waterborne diseases whose impact is exacerbated by climate change
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Insects & Arthropods (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for efficiently controlling facility vegetable pests by utilizing predatory mites, which comprises the steps of preparing predatory mite release bags, pre-treatment of predatory mite release, release of predatory mites and post-treatment of predatory mite release. The control method can effectively reduce the number of the two-spotted spider mites, can control the number of the two-spotted spider mites to be not more than 165 heads/blind in the outbreak period of the two-spotted spider mites in the crop growth period, and can control the number of the two-spotted spider mites to be 15 heads/blind at the lowest.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for efficiently controlling facility vegetable pests by predatory mites, belonging to the field of pest control.
Background
Red spiders are also called red spider mites, cotton spider mites, two-point spider mites, eggplant red spiders, cotton red spiders and the like in agricultural production, and the red spiders which harm vegetables in vegetable production are mainly three, namely two-spotted spider mites and vermilion spider mites, belonging to the physcomitrella-phakoidae, wherein the two-spotted spider mites are the most frequently occurring red spiders in vegetable production.
Red spiders occur all over the country, and besides the damage to vegetables, fruit trees, rice, corn, wheat, potted plants and the like, the damage to vegetables of leguminous plants, solanaceae, cucurbitaceae, liliaceae and the like can be generated in vegetable production, the damage to vegetables by the red spiders is larger than the damage to vegetables by other pests, after the vegetables are subjected to mite damage, grey white spots can appear on the leaf surfaces of the initial vegetables, the leaf surfaces become grey white gradually, the leaf surfaces yellow, become withered and fall off, early senescence of the leaves of crops is caused, the polished rod is withered, the yield is greatly reduced, the fruit peel becomes thick grey after the fruit damage, and the quality is affected.
Eggplants and peppers are used as important vegetable crops in the north, mites easily occur in 5-6 months, regional disasters can be caused when the mites are serious, red spiders are rapidly propagated to reach peaks after the temperature rises and enter summer, and if the control of the front-stage insect population base number is improper, the vegetables are subjected to large-area disaster, and the production is seriously affected, so that the control of the vegetable mites is very important.
At present, chemical control measures are mainly applied to control the mite injury of vegetables in China, but long-term, large-scale and repeated use of chemical pesticides can cause ecological environment pollution, pesticide residues directly or indirectly damage human health, meanwhile secondary pests are caused to break up, the drug resistance of red spiders is more and more prominent, and reports are presented at present to indicate that red spiders have serious drug resistance to commonly used low-residue organophosphorus pesticides such as dichlorvos, dimethoate, citalopram, phoxim and acetamiprid, so that finding new control methods and ways is an urgent task.
Biological control is an important content of comprehensive control, the effect of natural enemy factors and how to control the number of pests by utilizing natural enemies are the first problems to be considered when designing a comprehensive control scheme, the Chilean small phytoseiid mites are common predatory mites, compared with other predatory mites, the Chilean small phytoseiid mites have higher intrinsic growth rate, the control effect on the two-spotted spider mites is better, the mite peak generally occurs in summer, the predatory rate of the Chilean small phytoseiid mites on the two-spotted spider mites of vegetables is higher in south of China, but the predatory rate of the Chilean small phytoseiid mites on the two-spotted spider mites of vegetables is lower in northern areas, the Chilean small phytoseiid mites are required to be released in combination with other predatory natural enemies to obtain higher control effects, and the control effects of the two-spotted spider mites in vegetables can be improved when the Chilean small phytoseiid mites are singly released in summer of China, and no article or report is disclosed at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art, and further provides a control method by preparing predatory mite release bags and matching with other field treatments, so that the control effect on the tetranychus urticae in vegetables can be improved when the phytoseiid chile is singly used for controlling in summer in the north.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for efficiently controlling facility vegetable pests by predatory mites, which comprises the steps of preparing predatory mite release bags, predatory mite release pretreatment, predatory mite release and predatory mite release post-treatment.
The following is a further improvement of the above technical scheme:
the preparation of predatory mite release bags comprises the steps of preparing a matrix, placing predatory mites and preserving;
the method for preparing the matrix comprises the steps of preparing a kraft paper bag with the length of 6-8cm, the width of 4-6cm and the capacity of 80-120ml as a predatory mite release bag, uniformly mixing release soil, vermiculite, straw fragments, wood dust, calcium chloride, glucose and modified chitosan oligosaccharide to obtain a mixed matrix, and then putting the mixed matrix into the release bag, wherein the putting amount of the mixed matrix is 20-30g.
The mass ratio of the soil released in the mixed matrix, vermiculite, straw fragments, wood chips, calcium chloride, glucose and modified chitosan oligosaccharide is 80-120:15-25:8-12:15-25:0.8-1.2:8-12:4-6;
the fineness of the vermiculite is 300-400 meshes;
the length of the straw fragments is 0.3-0.6mm, and the width is 0.3-0.6mm;
the wood chips have a length of 1.0-1.5mm and a width of 1.0-1.5mm.
The preparation method of the modified chitosan oligosaccharide comprises the following steps:
mixing chitosan oligosaccharide with deionized water, stirring at a stirring speed of 250-350r/min, stirring for 8-15min, adding oxaloacetate transaminase, regulating pH to 6.1-6.5 with hydrochloric acid, controlling the temperature to 60-70 ℃, keeping the stirring speed unchanged, stirring for 70-80min, heating to 100 ℃ after stirring, keeping for 18-22min for inactivating enzyme, precipitating chitosan oligosaccharide with ethanol after inactivating enzyme, centrifuging at a speed of 4000-5000r/min, and drying to obtain modified chitosan oligosaccharide.
The mass ratio of the chitosan oligosaccharide to the deionized water is 1:40-60;
the mass ratio of the oxaloacetic transaminase to the chitosan oligosaccharide is 1:30-40;
the mass ratio of the ethanol to the deionized water is 2.5-3.5:2.
The method for putting predatory mites comprises the steps of putting tetranychus urticae into a release bag, wherein the number of tetranychus urticae put into each bag is 80-120, the number of tetranychus urticae female insects is 65-90, and the number of tetranychus urticae She Manxiong insects is 15-30; and (3) after 2d, the phytoseiid chile is put into each bag, wherein the number of the phytoseiid chile is 15-30, the number of female mites of the phytoseiid chile is 12-22, and the number of male mites of the phytoseiid chile is 3-8.
The preservation method comprises the steps of preserving predatory mites at 9.0-10.0 ℃ after preparation before the predatory mites are released in the field, and preserving the predatory mite releasing bags at 12.5-13.5 ℃ until the predatory mites are released 4 days before releasing the predatory mites.
The predatory mites are released and pre-treated by spraying 200 times of avermectin insecticide to crops 24-26 days before releasing the predatory mites, wherein the spraying amount is 14-16 kg/mu, no insecticide is sprayed until the predatory mites are released after spraying, the weeds on the ground of the pepper field are removed 4-6 days before releasing the predatory mites, straw scraps are scattered in the pepper field, the spraying amount of the straw scraps is 40-65 kg/mu, and water is sprayed to the pepper field after spraying, and the spraying amount is 110 kg/mu;
the concentration of the avermectin in the avermectin pesticide is 8-12wt%.
The method for releasing predatory mites is 16 on day 10 of 4 months: and (3) fixing the predatory mite release bags on pepper plants by using hemp ropes at a ratio of 00-17:00, so that the bottoms of the predatory mite release bags are contacted with the bottommost Fang Cezhi tail end of the pepper stems, and cutting small openings of 1.5-2.5cm from the bottoms of the predatory mite release bags, so that the small openings are contacted with the bottommost Fang Cezhi tail end of the pepper stems, thereby facilitating the release of the predatory mites, and the number of the predatory mite release bags on each pepper plant is 1 bag.
The method for treating the predatory mites after release is that crops are not watered within 2-4 days after the predatory mites are released, 4-5 months, the highest temperature in a greenhouse is controlled to be not more than 22-24 ℃, the humidity in the greenhouse is controlled to be not less than 50-60%,6-8 months, the highest temperature in the greenhouse is controlled to be not more than 31-33 ℃, the humidity in the greenhouse is controlled to be not less than 55-65%,9-10 months, the highest temperature in the greenhouse is controlled to be not more than 27-29 ℃, the humidity in the greenhouse is controlled to be not less than 50-60%, and other time is used for normal water and fertilizer treatment without other pesticides.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the control method can effectively reduce the number of the two-spotted spider mites, can control the number of the two-spotted spider mites to be not more than 165 heads/shutter in the burst period of the two-spotted spider mites in the growth period of crops, and can control the number of the two-spotted spider mites to be 15 heads/shutter at the lowest;
the control method can improve the crop yield and the crop quality, is used for peppery Feng III peppers, can lead the yield to reach 3620-3710 kg/mu, the fruit length to reach 22.5-23.3cm, the fruit width to reach 1.5-1.6cm, the single fruit weight to reach 23.5-24.5g, the vitamin C content to reach 193-196 mg/100g, and the carotene content to reach 207-215 mu g/100g;
the control method can reduce white spots of the pepper leaves, prevent the leaves from changing into pale grey, the proportion of the white spots of the leaves is 1.95-3.58%, and the proportion of the pale grey of the leaves is 0.21-0.78%.
Detailed Description
Example 1
(1) Preparation of predatory mite release bag
a. Preparation of the matrix
Preparing a kraft paper bag with the length of 7cm, the width of 5cm and the capacity of 100ml as a predatory mite release bag, uniformly mixing release soil, vermiculite, straw fragments, wood dust, calcium chloride, glucose and modified chitosan oligosaccharide to obtain a mixed matrix, and then putting the mixed matrix into the release bag, wherein the putting amount of the mixed matrix is 25g;
the mass ratio of the soil, vermiculite, straw fragments, wood chips, calcium chloride, glucose and modified chitosan oligosaccharide released in the mixed matrix is 100:20:10:20:1:10:5;
the fineness of the vermiculite is 325 meshes;
the length of the straw fragments is 0.5mm, and the width is 0.5mm;
the wood chips are 1.2mm in length and 1.2mm in width;
the preparation method of the modified chitosan oligosaccharide comprises the following steps:
mixing chitosan oligosaccharide with deionized water, controlling the stirring speed to be 300r/min, stirring for 10min, adding oxaloacetate transaminase, adjusting the pH to 6.2 with hydrochloric acid, controlling the temperature to be 65 ℃, keeping the stirring speed unchanged, stirring for 75min, heating to 100 ℃ after stirring, keeping the temperature for 20min for inactivating enzyme, precipitating chitosan oligosaccharide with ethanol after enzyme inactivation, centrifuging at the speed of 4500r/min, and drying to obtain modified chitosan oligosaccharide;
the mass ratio of the chitosan oligosaccharide to the deionized water is 1:50;
the mass ratio of the oxaloacetic transaminase to the chitosan oligosaccharide is 1:35;
the mass ratio of the ethanol to the deionized water is 3:2;
b. predatory mites are put in
The two-spotted spider mites are put into the release bags, the number of the two-spotted spider mites put into each bag is 100, the number of the two-spotted spider mites female insects is 80, and the number of the two-spotted spider mites She Manxiong insects is 20; after 3d, the phytoseiid wisdom is put into each bag, wherein the number of the phytoseiid wisdom is 20, the number of female mites of the phytoseiid wisdom is 15, and the number of male mites of the phytoseiid wisdom is 5;
c. preservation of
Before predatory mites are released in the field, the predatory mite release bag is stored at 9.5 ℃ after preparation, and before the predatory mites are released for 5 days, the predatory mite release bag is stored at 13 ℃ until the predatory mites are released.
(2) Predatory mite release pretreatment
Experimental crops: chili pepper
Experiment site: greenhouse shed
25 days before predatory mites are released, 200 times of liquid of abamectin insecticide is sprayed to crops, the spraying amount is 15 kg/mu, no insecticide is sprayed until the predatory mites are released after spraying, the weeds on the ground of the pepper field are removed 5 days before the predatory mites are released, straw scraps are scattered in the pepper field, the spraying amount of the straw scraps is 50 kg/mu, and after spraying, water is sprayed to the pepper field, and the spraying amount is 125 kg/mu;
the concentration of the avermectin in the avermectin pesticide is 10wt%.
(3) Releasing predatory mites
Day 16 on month 10: 30, fixing the predatory mite release bags on pepper plants by using hemp ropes, enabling the bottoms of the predatory mite release bags to contact the tail end Fang Cezhi of the pepper stems, cutting 2cm small openings at the bottoms of the predatory mite release bags, enabling the small openings to contact the tail end Fang Cezhi of the pepper stems, and facilitating predatory mite release, wherein the number of predatory mite release bags on each pepper plant is 1.
(4) Predatory mite release post-treatment
The crops are not watered within 3 days after predatory mites are released, the highest temperature in the greenhouse is controlled to be not more than 23 ℃, the humidity in the greenhouse is controlled to be not less than 55%, the highest temperature in the greenhouse is controlled to be not more than 32 ℃ for 6-8 months, the humidity in the greenhouse is controlled to be not less than 60%, the highest temperature in the greenhouse is controlled to be not more than 28 ℃ for 9-10 months, the humidity in the greenhouse is controlled to be not less than 55%, the rest of the water and fertilizer are normally treated, and other pesticides are not used.
Example 2
(1) Preparation of predatory mite release bag
a. Preparation of the matrix
Preparing a kraft paper bag with the length of 6cm, the width of 4cm and the capacity of 80ml as a predatory mite release bag, uniformly mixing release soil, vermiculite, straw fragments, wood dust, calcium chloride, glucose and modified chitosan oligosaccharide to obtain a mixed matrix, and then putting the mixed matrix into the release bag, wherein the putting amount of the mixed matrix is 20g;
the mass ratio of the soil released in the mixed matrix to the vermiculite, the straw fragments, the wood chips, the calcium chloride, the glucose and the modified chitosan oligosaccharide is 80:15:8:15:0.8:8:4;
the fineness of the vermiculite is 400 meshes;
the length of the straw fragments is 0.3mm, and the width is 0.3mm;
the wood chips are 1.0mm in length and 1.0mm in width;
the preparation method of the modified chitosan oligosaccharide comprises the following steps:
mixing chitosan oligosaccharide with deionized water, controlling the stirring speed to be 250r/min, stirring for 15min, adding oxaloacetate transaminase, adjusting the pH to 6.1 with hydrochloric acid, controlling the temperature to be 60 ℃, keeping the stirring speed unchanged, stirring for 80min, heating to 100 ℃ after stirring, keeping the temperature for 18min for inactivating enzyme, precipitating chitosan oligosaccharide with ethanol after enzyme inactivation, centrifuging at 4000r/min, and drying to obtain modified chitosan oligosaccharide;
the mass ratio of the chitosan oligosaccharide to the deionized water is 1:40;
the mass ratio of the oxaloacetic transaminase to the chitosan oligosaccharide is 1:30;
the mass ratio of the ethanol to the deionized water is 2.5:2;
b. predatory mites are put in
The two-spotted spider mites are put into the release bags, the number of the two-spotted spider mites put into each bag is 80, the number of the two-spotted spider mites female insects is 65, and the number of the two-spotted spider mites She Manxiong insects is 15; 2d, the phytoseiid wisdom is put into the bag, wherein the number of the phytoseiid wisdom is 15, the number of the female mites of the phytoseiid wisdom is 12, and the number of the male mites of the phytoseiid wisdom is 3;
c. preservation of
Before predatory mites are released in the field, the predatory mite release bag is stored at 9.0 ℃ after preparation, and before the predatory mites are released for 4 days, the predatory mite release bag is stored at 12.5 ℃ until the predatory mites are released.
(2) Predatory mite release pretreatment
Experimental crops: chili pepper
Experiment site: greenhouse shed
24 days before predatory mites are released, 200 times of liquid of abamectin insecticide is sprayed to crops, the spraying amount is 16 kg/mu, no insecticide is sprayed until the predatory mites are released after spraying, the weeds on the ground of the pepper field are removed 4 days before the predatory mites are released, straw scraps are scattered in the pepper field, the spraying amount of the straw scraps is 40 kg/mu, and after spraying, water is sprayed to the pepper field, and the spraying amount is 110 kg/mu;
the concentration of the avermectin in the avermectin pesticide is 8wt%.
(3) Releasing predatory mites
Day 16 on month 10: and (3) in the process of 00 hours, fixing the predatory mite release bags on pepper plants by using hemp ropes, enabling the bottoms of the predatory mite release bags to contact the bottommost Fang Cezhi tail ends of the pepper stems, cutting small openings of 1.5cm from the bottoms of the predatory mite release bags, enabling the small openings to contact the bottommost Fang Cezhi tail ends of the pepper stems, and facilitating predatory mite release, wherein the number of predatory mite release bags on each pepper plant is 1.
(4) Predatory mite release post-treatment
The crops are not watered within 4 days after predatory mites are released, the highest temperature in the greenhouse is controlled to be not more than 22 ℃, the humidity in the greenhouse is controlled to be not less than 50%, the highest temperature in the greenhouse is controlled to be not more than 31 ℃ for 6-8 months, the humidity in the greenhouse is controlled to be not less than 55%, the highest temperature in the greenhouse is controlled to be not more than 27 ℃ for 9-10 months, the humidity in the greenhouse is controlled to be not less than 50%, the rest of the water and fertilizer are normally treated, and other pesticides are not used.
Example 3
(1) Preparation of predatory mite release bag
a. Preparation of the matrix
Preparing a kraft paper bag with the length of 8cm, the width of 6cm and the capacity of 120ml as a predatory mite release bag, uniformly mixing release soil, vermiculite, straw fragments, wood dust, calcium chloride, glucose and modified chitosan oligosaccharide to obtain a mixed matrix, and then putting the mixed matrix into the release bag, wherein the putting amount of the mixed matrix is 30g;
the mass ratio of the soil released in the mixed matrix, vermiculite, straw fragments, wood chips, calcium chloride, glucose and modified chitosan oligosaccharide is 120:25:12:25:1.2:12:6;
the fineness of the vermiculite is 300 meshes;
the length of the straw fragments is 0.6mm, and the width is 0.6mm;
the wood chips are 1.5mm in length and 1.5mm in width;
the preparation method of the modified chitosan oligosaccharide comprises the following steps:
mixing chitosan oligosaccharide with deionized water, controlling the stirring speed to be 350r/min, stirring for 8min, adding oxaloacetate transaminase, adjusting the pH to 6.5 with hydrochloric acid, controlling the temperature to be 70 ℃, keeping the stirring speed unchanged, stirring for 70min, heating to 100 ℃ after stirring, keeping the temperature for 22min for inactivating enzyme, precipitating chitosan oligosaccharide with ethanol after enzyme inactivation, centrifuging at the speed of 5000r/min, and drying to obtain modified chitosan oligosaccharide;
the mass ratio of the chitosan oligosaccharide to the deionized water is 1:60;
the mass ratio of the oxaloacetic transaminase to the chitosan oligosaccharide is 1:40;
the mass ratio of the ethanol to the deionized water is 3.5:2;
b. predatory mites are put in
The two-spotted spider mites are put into the release bags, the number of the two-spotted spider mites put into each bag is 120, the number of the two-spotted spider mites female insects is 90, and the number of the two-spotted spider mites She Manxiong insects is 30; after 4d, the phytoseiid wisdom is put into each bag, wherein the number of the phytoseiid wisdom is 30, the number of female mites of the phytoseiid wisdom is 22, and the number of male mites of the phytoseiid wisdom is 8;
c. preservation of
Before predatory mites are released in the field, the predatory mite release bag is stored at 10.0 ℃ after preparation, and before the predatory mites are released for 6 days, the predatory mite release bag is stored at 13.5 ℃ until the predatory mites are released.
(2) Predatory mite release pretreatment
Experimental crops: chili pepper
Experiment site: greenhouse shed
25 days before predatory mites are released, 200 times of liquid of abamectin insecticide is sprayed to crops, the spraying amount is 14 kg/mu, no insecticide is sprayed until the predatory mites are released after spraying, the weeds on the ground of the pepper field are removed 6 days before the predatory mites are released, straw scraps are scattered in the pepper field, the spraying amount of the straw scraps is 65 kg/mu, and after spraying, water is sprayed to the pepper field, and the spraying amount is 130 kg/mu;
the concentration of the avermectin in the avermectin pesticide is 12wt%.
(3) Releasing predatory mites
Day 17, month 10: and (3) in the process of 00 hours, fixing the predatory mite release bags on pepper plants by using hemp ropes, enabling the bottoms of the predatory mite release bags to contact the bottommost Fang Cezhi tail ends of the pepper stems, cutting 2.5cm small openings at the bottoms of the predatory mite release bags, enabling the small openings to contact the bottommost Fang Cezhi tail ends of the pepper stems, and facilitating predatory mite release, wherein the number of predatory mite release bags on each pepper plant is 1 bag.
(4) Predatory mite release post-treatment
The crops are not watered within 2 days after predatory mites are released, the highest temperature in the greenhouse is controlled to be not more than 24 ℃, the humidity in the greenhouse is controlled to be not less than 60%, the highest temperature in the greenhouse is controlled to be not more than 33 ℃ for 6-8 months, the humidity in the greenhouse is controlled to be not less than 65%, the highest temperature in the greenhouse is controlled to be not more than 29 ℃ for 9-10 months, the humidity in the greenhouse is controlled to be not less than 60%, the rest of the water and fertilizer are normally treated, and other pesticides are not used.
Comparative example 1
On the basis of the embodiment 1, in the step of preparing predatory mite release bags, modified chitosan oligosaccharide is not added into a mixed matrix, and other steps are the same, so that prevention and control are performed;
the mass ratio of the soil, vermiculite, straw fragments, wood chips, calcium chloride, glucose and modified chitosan oligosaccharide released in the mixed matrix is 100:20:10:20:1:13;
the fineness of the vermiculite is 325 meshes;
the length of the straw fragments is 0.5mm, and the width is 0.5mm;
the wood chips have a length of 1.2mm and a width of 1.2mm.
Comparative example 2
On the basis of example 1, in the predatory mite release pretreatment step, 5 days before releasing predatory mites, the ground weeds in the pepper field are not removed, straw scraps are not scattered in the pepper field, and the other steps are the same, so that control is performed.
Comparative example 3
In the post-release treatment step of predatory mites, the temperature and humidity of 6 months and the months after 6 months were not controlled, and the other steps were the same, so that control was performed.
Example 4 test of control Effect of control method on Tetranychus urticae
Selecting pepper varieties: peppery Feng No. three;
the control methods of examples 1-3 and comparative examples 1-3 were applied to pepper planting, and the numbers of Tetranychus urticae and Phytoseius chilo were counted for each month of pepper plants, and the results are shown in Table 1;
table 1 units: head/shutter
Example 5 Effect of control methods on crop yield and quality
Selecting pepper varieties: peppery Feng No. three;
the control methods of examples 1-3 and comparative examples 1-3 are applied to pepper planting, and the per mu yield, the fruit size and the nutrient content of the peppers are counted after harvest, and the results are shown in Table 2;
TABLE 2
Example 5 Effect of control methods on Capsici fructus leaf
Selecting pepper varieties: peppery Feng No. three;
the control methods of examples 1-3 and comparative examples 1-3 were applied to pepper planting, and the traits of 30 # capsicum leaves per month were counted for 5-8 months, and the results are shown in table 3;
Claims (4)
1. a method for efficiently controlling facility vegetable pests by predatory mites, which is characterized by comprising the steps of preparing predatory mite release bags, pre-treatment of predatory mite release, release of predatory mites and post-treatment of predatory mite release;
the preparation of predatory mite release bags comprises the steps of preparing a matrix, placing predatory mites and preserving;
the method for preparing the matrix comprises the steps of preparing a kraft paper bag with the capacity of 80-120ml as a predatory mite release bag, uniformly mixing release soil, vermiculite, straw fragments, wood dust, calcium chloride, glucose and modified chitosan oligosaccharide to obtain a mixed matrix, and then putting the mixed matrix into the release bag, wherein the putting amount of the mixed matrix is 20-30g;
the mass ratio of the soil released in the mixed matrix, vermiculite, straw fragments, wood chips, calcium chloride, glucose and modified chitosan oligosaccharide is 80-120:15-25:8-12:15-25:0.8-1.2:8-12:4-6;
the fineness of the vermiculite is 300-400 meshes; the length of the straw fragments is 0.3-0.6mm, and the width is 0.3-0.6mm; the wood chips have the length of 1.0-1.5mm and the width of 1.0-1.5mm;
the preparation method of the modified chitosan oligosaccharide comprises the following steps: mixing chitosan oligosaccharide with deionized water, controlling the stirring speed to be 250-350r/min, stirring for 8-15min, adding oxaloacetate transaminase, regulating the pH to be 6.1-6.5 with hydrochloric acid, controlling the temperature to be 60-70 ℃, keeping the stirring speed unchanged, stirring for 70-80min, inactivating enzyme after stirring, precipitating chitosan oligosaccharide with ethanol, centrifuging at 4000-5000r/min, and drying to obtain modified chitosan oligosaccharide;
the mass ratio of the chitosan oligosaccharide to the deionized water is 1:40-60; the mass ratio of the oxaloacetic transaminase to the chitosan oligosaccharide is 1:30-40; the mass ratio of the ethanol to the deionized water is 2.5-3.5:2;
the predatory mites are released and pre-treated by spraying abamectin insecticide to crops 24-26 days before releasing the predatory mites, and after spraying, no insecticide is sprayed until releasing the predatory mites, 4-6 days before releasing the predatory mites, removing weeds on the ground of the farmland, and scattering straw scraps in the farmland, wherein the scattering amount of the straw scraps is 40-65 kg/mu, and after scattering, spraying water to the farmland, and the spraying amount is 110 kg/mu;
the method for treating the predatory mites after release is that the crops are not watered within 2 days after the predatory mites are released, the highest temperature in a greenhouse is controlled to be not more than 24 ℃, the humidity in the greenhouse is controlled to be not less than 50%, the period of 6-8 months, the highest temperature in the greenhouse is controlled to be not more than 33 ℃, the humidity in the greenhouse is controlled to be not less than 55%, the period of 9-10 months, the highest temperature in the greenhouse is controlled to be not more than 29 ℃, the humidity in the greenhouse is controlled to be not less than 50%, and other time is used for normal water and fertilizer treatment, and other pesticides are not used.
2. A method for the efficient control of greenhouse vegetable pests with predatory mites as claimed in claim 1, wherein:
the method for putting predatory mites comprises the steps of putting tetranychus urticae into a release bag, wherein the number of tetranychus urticae put into each bag is 80-120, the number of tetranychus urticae female insects is 65-90, and the number of tetranychus urticae She Manxiong insects is 15-30; and (3) after 2d, the phytoseiid chile is put into each bag, wherein the number of the phytoseiid chile is 15-30, the number of female mites of the phytoseiid chile is 12-22, and the number of male mites of the phytoseiid chile is 3-8.
3. A method for the efficient control of greenhouse vegetable pests with predatory mites as claimed in claim 1, wherein:
the preservation method comprises the steps of preserving predatory mites at 9.0-10.0 ℃ after preparation before the predatory mites are released in the field, and preserving the predatory mite releasing bags at 12.5-13.5 ℃ until the predatory mites are released 4 days before releasing the predatory mites.
4. A method for the efficient control of greenhouse vegetable pests with predatory mites as claimed in claim 1, wherein:
the predatory mite release method is that 16 days of release: and (3) fixing predatory mite release bags on pepper plants at a ratio of 00-17:00, so that the bottoms of the predatory mite release bags are contacted with the bottommost Fang Cezhi tail end of the pepper stems, and cutting 1.5-2.5cm small openings at the bottoms of the predatory mite release bags, so that the small openings are contacted with the bottommost Fang Cezhi tail end of the pepper stems, thereby facilitating predatory mite release, and the number of the predatory mite release bags on each pepper plant is 1 bag.
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