CN110915520A - Camellia oleifera seedling growing method - Google Patents
Camellia oleifera seedling growing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110915520A CN110915520A CN201911258203.XA CN201911258203A CN110915520A CN 110915520 A CN110915520 A CN 110915520A CN 201911258203 A CN201911258203 A CN 201911258203A CN 110915520 A CN110915520 A CN 110915520A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a camellia oleifera seedling raising method, which comprises the following steps: (1) picking and inserting leaves; (2) preparing a seedling culture substrate according to the following parts by weight: uniformly mixing 100 parts of sandy loam, 50-70 parts of clay, 15-20 parts of expanded pearl salt, 10-15 parts of earthworm soil, 10-15 parts of plant ash, 10-12 parts of magnesium ammonium phosphate, 0.1-0.2 part of biological pesticide and 30-35 parts of organic fertilizer; the biological pesticide is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 4-8 parts of nano titanium oxide, 1-2 parts of bacillus thuringiensis and 2-4 parts of berberine; (3) treating the inserted leaves: adding the cutting leaves into 500 times of growth synergist, and soaking for 2-3 h at 15-25 ℃; (4) cutting; (5) managing after the insertion: building a shed to shade, keeping the humidity of the seedbed matrix to 65-70%, and keeping the humidity at 25-30 g/m when the plant height of the camellia oleifera seedlings is increased by 3-4 cm21-time urea is applied; (6) and (4) transplanting. The invention adopts the leaf-cutting seedling method for asexual propagation, maintains the excellent characteristics of the mother oil tea tree, has stable heredity and fast differentiation speed, and has the seedling survival rate of more than 93.5 percent.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of camellia oleifera planting, and particularly relates to a camellia oleifera seedling growing method.
Background
Camellia oleifera belongs to Theaceae, and is a evergreen medium and small arbor, also known as tea tree, tea oil tree and white tea. The oil tea fruit can be squeezed into tea oil for eating, the tea oil has clear color, delicious taste, rich nutrition and storage resistance, is high-quality edible oil, and can also be used as lubricating oil, antirust oil and the like. The camellia oleifera is one of four woody oil plants in the world, grows in mountains and hilly lands in subtropical regions in the south of China, and is a pure natural high-grade oil plant specific to China.
At present, the seedling raising method of the camellia oleifera mainly comprises sowing seedling raising, cutting seedling raising and leaf cutting seedling raising, wherein the sowing seedling raising needs to consume a large number of camellia oleifera seeds, genetic variation is easy to generate, the excellent characters of female parents can be maintained in the cutting seedling raising, but the current annual yield of the tea trees containing the mother oil is influenced due to excessive spike consumption, the leaf cutting seedling raising has the advantages of stable heredity, capability of reducing the transpiration of the female trees, no influence on the yield of the female trees and the like, but the current leaf cutting seedling raising technology is not mature enough, the survival rate can only reach about 80%, and the differentiation and rooting are slow compared with the cutting seedling raising.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a camellia oleifera seedling raising method.
The technical scheme of the invention is summarized as follows:
a camellia oleifera seedling method adopts a leaf cutting propagation method to carry out seedling, and specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) picking and inserting leaves: selecting 5-15 years old oil tea trees with excellent growth vigor, high yield, strong disease resistance and strong stress resistance for 6-7 months, picking current-year basal leaves at 1/3 positions of the tree crowns at the outer edges of the sunward side, and ensuring that each inserted leaf is provided with an axillary bud;
(2) preparing a seedling culture substrate according to the following parts by weight: uniformly mixing 100 parts of sandy loam, 50-70 parts of clay, 15-20 parts of expanded pearl salt, 10-15 parts of earthworm soil, 10-15 parts of plant ash, 10-12 parts of magnesium ammonium phosphate, 0.1-0.2 part of biological pesticide and 30-35 parts of organic fertilizer;
the biological pesticide is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 4-8 parts of nano titanium oxide, 1-2 parts of bacillus thuringiensis and 2-4 parts of berberine;
the organic fertilizer is prepared by mixing and fermenting the following raw materials in parts by weight at 36-40 ℃ for 25-30 days: 40-50 parts of oil-tea cake dregs, 20-30 parts of mushroom dregs, 3-5 parts of pine needles, 35-45 parts of peanut vines, 25-35 parts of wheat bran, 50-60 parts of livestock manure, 0.4-0.5 part of trichoderma viride, 0.5-0.7 part of candida, and 0.4-0.5 part of bacillus subtilis;
(3) treating the inserted leaves: trimming redundant branch barks on the cut leaves, washing the cut leaves once by using clear water, adding 500 times of growth synergist into the cut leaves, and soaking the cut leaves for 2 to 3 hours at 15 to 25 ℃;
the growth synergist is prepared by carrying out ultrasonic dispersion on a growth synergist a and a growth synergist b according to the equal volume;
the growth synergist a takes water as a solvent and comprises the following components in mass concentration: 18-25 g/L of compound sodium nitrophenolate and vitamin B1250-80 mg/L of sodium alginate and 120-150 g/L of sodium alginate;
the growth synergist b takes 95% ethanol as a solvent and comprises the following components in mass concentration: 50-100 g/L of indoleacetic acid, 30-80 g/L of naphthylacetic acid, 10-20 g/L of zeatin, 10-20 g/L of methyl jasmonate and 15-25 g/L of salicylic acid;
(4) cuttage: the seedling raising substrate is piled and paved into a seedbed with the height of 25-30 cm and the width of 1.2-1.4 m, and the L/m is 0.2-0.32Spraying clear water, obliquely inserting the leaves into soil along the 2/5 part of the upward leaf stalks, and compacting the seedling culture substrate at the periphery of the leaves at the insertion distance of 4-6 cm;
(5) managing after the insertion: building a shed to shade, controlling the transmittance to be 30-35%, regularly spraying clear water on the surface of the seedbed to ensure that the humidity of the seedbed matrix reaches 65-70%, and when the height of each camellia oleifera seedling plant is increased by 3-4 cm, keeping the humidity at 25-30 g/m21-time urea is applied;
(6) transplanting: when the camellia oleifera seedlings grow to 10-15 cm, transplanting the camellia oleifera seedlings to a field.
Preferably, the virulence titer of the bacillus thuringiensis is 8000-16000 IU/mg.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention adopts the leaf-cutting seedling method for asexual propagation, maintains the excellent characteristics of the mother oil tea tree, has stable heredity and fast differentiation speed, and has the seedling survival rate of more than 93.5 percent.
2. The invention utilizes 500 times of growth synergist to treat the inserted leaves, promotes the generation of adventitious roots and adventitious buds at the leaf stalks and leaf margins, and accelerates the extraction and the sprouting of new buds. Wherein sodium alginate can increase the consistency of the growth synergist, form a year adhesive protective film on the petiole wound, prevent bacteria from invading and keep the wound moist; the compound sodium nitrophenolate is a powerful cell activating agent, comprises the chemical components of 5-nitroguaiacol sodium, sodium o-nitrophenolate and sodium p-nitrophenolate, can be quickly permeated into leaf inserting tissues after being contacted with inserted leaves, promotes the flow of cell protoplasm, improves the cell activity, and is cooperated with indoleacetic acid, naphthylacetic acid, zeatin, methyl jasmonate and salicylic acid to promote the rooting of the inserted leaves and promote the germination.
3. According to the invention, the biological pesticide prepared from nano titanium oxide, bacillus thuringiensis and berberine is mixed with soil for the first time, so that root rot, soil-borne diseases and the like of the camellia oleifera during seedling raising are prevented and controlled, and the insect pest resistance of the camellia oleifera seedlings is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the camellia oleifera seedling raising method of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further described in detail below with reference to examples so that those skilled in the art can practice the invention with reference to the description.
Example 1
A camellia oleifera seedling method adopts a leaf cutting propagation method to carry out seedling, and specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) picking and inserting leaves: selecting 5-15 years old oil tea trees with excellent growth vigor, high yield, strong disease resistance and strong stress resistance for 6-7 months, picking current-year basal leaves at 1/3 positions of the tree crowns at the outer edges of the sunward side, and ensuring that each inserted leaf is provided with an axillary bud;
(2) preparing a seedling culture substrate according to the following parts by weight: uniformly mixing 100 parts of sandy loam, 50 parts of clay, 15 parts of expanded pearl salt, 10 parts of earthworm soil, 10 parts of plant ash, 10 parts of magnesium ammonium phosphate, 0.1 part of biological pesticide and 30 parts of organic fertilizer;
the biological pesticide is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 4 parts of nano titanium oxide, 1 part of bacillus thuringiensis with the virulence titer of 16000IU/mg and 2 parts of berberine;
the organic fertilizer is prepared by mixing and fermenting the following raw materials in parts by weight at 38 ℃ for 30 days: 40 parts of oil-tea camellia cake dregs, 20 parts of mushroom dregs, 3 parts of pine needles, 35 parts of peanut vines, 25 parts of wheat bran, 50-60 parts of livestock and poultry manure, 0.4 part of trichoderma viride, 0.5 part of candida and 0.4 part of bacillus subtilis;
(3) treating the inserted leaves: trimming redundant branch barks on the cut leaves, washing the cut leaves once by using clear water, adding the cut leaves into 500 times of growth synergist, and soaking the cut leaves for 3 hours at 20 ℃;
the growth synergist is prepared by carrying out ultrasonic dispersion on a growth synergist a and a growth synergist b according to the equal volume;
the growth synergist a takes water as a solvent and comprises the following components in mass concentration: 18g/L of compound sodium nitrophenolate and vitamin B1250mg/L and 120g/L of sodium alginate;
the growth synergist b takes 95% ethanol as a solvent and comprises the following components in mass concentration: 50g/L of indoleacetic acid, 30g/L of naphthylacetic acid, 10g/L of zeatin, 10g/L of methyl jasmonate and 15g/L of salicylic acid;
(4) cuttage: the seedling substrate is piled and paved into a seedbed with the height of 25cm and the width of 1.2m according to the proportion of 0.2L/m2Spraying clear water, obliquely inserting the leaves into soil along the 2/5 part of the upward leaf stalks, and compacting the seedling culture substrate at the periphery of the leaves at the insertion distance of 4-6 cm;
(5) managing after the insertion: building a shed to shade, controlling the transmittance to be 35 percent, regularly spraying clear water on the surface of the seedbed to ensure that the humidity of the seedbed matrix reaches 65-70 percent, and when the plant height of the camellia oleifera seedlings is increased by 3-4 cm every time, the plant height is 25g/m21-time urea is applied;
(6) transplanting: when the camellia oleifera seedlings grow to 10-15 cm, transplanting the camellia oleifera seedlings to a field.
Example 2
A camellia oleifera seedling method adopts a leaf cutting propagation method to carry out seedling, and specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) picking and inserting leaves: selecting 5-15 years old oil tea trees with excellent growth vigor, high yield, strong disease resistance and strong stress resistance for 6-7 months, picking current-year basal leaves at 1/3 positions of the tree crowns at the outer edges of the sunward side, and ensuring that each inserted leaf is provided with an axillary bud;
(2) preparing a seedling culture substrate according to the following parts by weight: uniformly mixing 100 parts of sandy loam, 70 parts of clay, 20 parts of expanded pearl salt, 15 parts of earthworm soil, 15 parts of plant ash, 12 parts of magnesium ammonium phosphate, 0.2 part of biological pesticide and 35 parts of organic fertilizer;
the biological pesticide is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 4-8 parts of nano titanium oxide, 2 parts of bacillus thuringiensis with the virulence titer of 16000IU/mg and 4 parts of berberine;
the organic fertilizer is prepared by mixing and fermenting the following raw materials in parts by weight at 38 ℃ for 30 days: 50 parts of oil-tea camellia cake dregs, 30 parts of mushroom dregs, 5 parts of pine needles, 45 parts of peanut vines, 35 parts of wheat bran, 60 parts of livestock and poultry manure, 0.5 part of trichoderma viride, 0.7 part of candida and 0.5 part of bacillus subtilis;
(3) treating the inserted leaves: trimming redundant branch barks on the cut leaves, washing the cut leaves once by using clear water, adding the cut leaves into 500 times of growth synergist, and soaking the cut leaves for 3 hours at 20 ℃;
the growth synergist is prepared by carrying out ultrasonic dispersion on a growth synergist a and a growth synergist b according to the equal volume;
the growth synergist a takes water as a solvent and comprises the following components in mass concentration: sodium nitrophenolate 25g/L and vitamin B1280mg/L and 150g/L of sodium alginate;
the growth synergist b takes 95% ethanol as a solvent and comprises the following components in mass concentration: 100g/L of indoleacetic acid, 80g/L of naphthylacetic acid, 20g/L of zeatin, 10-20 g/L of methyl jasmonate and 25g/L of salicylic acid;
(4) cuttage: the seedling substrate is piled and paved into a seedbed with the height of 25cm and the width of 1.2m according to the proportion of 0.3L/m2Spraying clear water, obliquely inserting the leaves into soil along the 2/5 part of the upward leaf stalks, and compacting the seedling culture substrate at the periphery of the leaves at the insertion distance of 4-6 cm;
(5) managing after the insertion: building a shed to shade, controlling the transmittance to be 35 percent, regularly spraying clear water on the surface of the seedbed to ensure that the humidity of the seedbed matrix reaches 65-70 percent, and when the plant height of the camellia oleifera seedlings is increased by 3-4 cm every time, keeping the plant height at 25-30 g/m21-time urea is applied;
(6) transplanting: when the camellia oleifera seedlings grow to 10-15 cm, transplanting the camellia oleifera seedlings to a field.
Comparative example 1
The seedling raising method is the same as that of example 1, except that: the seedling raising substrate in the step (2) does not contain biological pesticide.
Comparative example 2
The seedling raising method is the same as that of example 1, except that: and (3) treating the cutting leaves without adopting 500 times of growth synergist.
Seedling raising is carried out by using the methods of the embodiments 1-2 and the comparative examples 1-2, 30 camellia oleifera seedlings are randomly selected at 45d, 60d and 90d respectively, the rooting number is counted, the average rooting number is calculated, and the survival rate of the camellia oleifera is calculated at 90 d.
The test results are shown in the following table:
as can be seen from the above table, the leaf-cutting seedling method of the invention obviously improves the survival rate and the rooting and sprouting rate of the camellia oleifera.
While embodiments of the invention have been disclosed above, it is not limited to the applications listed in the description and the embodiments, which are fully applicable in all kinds of fields of application of the invention, and further modifications may readily be effected by those skilled in the art, so that the invention is not limited to the specific details without departing from the general concept defined by the claims and the scope of equivalents.
Claims (2)
1. A camellia oleifera seedling raising method is characterized in that a leaf cutting propagation method is adopted for raising seedlings, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) picking and inserting leaves: selecting 5-15 years old oil tea trees with excellent growth vigor, high yield, strong disease resistance and strong stress resistance for 6-7 months, picking current-year basal leaves at 1/3 positions of the tree crowns at the outer edges of the sunward side, and ensuring that each inserted leaf is provided with an axillary bud;
(2) preparing a seedling culture substrate according to the following parts by weight: uniformly mixing 100 parts of sandy loam, 50-70 parts of clay, 15-20 parts of expanded pearl salt, 10-15 parts of earthworm soil, 10-15 parts of plant ash, 10-12 parts of magnesium ammonium phosphate, 0.1-0.2 part of biological pesticide and 30-35 parts of organic fertilizer;
the biological pesticide is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 4-8 parts of nano titanium oxide, 1-2 parts of bacillus thuringiensis and 2-4 parts of berberine;
the organic fertilizer is prepared by mixing and fermenting the following raw materials in parts by weight at 36-40 ℃ for 25-30 days: 40-50 parts of oil-tea cake dregs, 20-30 parts of mushroom dregs, 3-5 parts of pine needles, 35-45 parts of peanut vines, 25-35 parts of wheat bran, 50-60 parts of livestock manure, 0.4-0.5 part of trichoderma viride, 0.5-0.7 part of candida, and 0.4-0.5 part of bacillus subtilis;
(3) treating the inserted leaves: trimming redundant branch barks on the cut leaves, washing the cut leaves once by using clear water, adding 500 times of growth synergist into the cut leaves, and soaking the cut leaves for 2 to 3 hours at 15 to 25 ℃;
the growth synergist is prepared by carrying out ultrasonic dispersion on a growth synergist a and a growth synergist b according to the equal volume;
the growth synergist a takes water as a solvent and comprises the following components in mass concentration: 18-25 g/L of compound sodium nitrophenolate and vitamin B1250-80 mg/L of sodium alginate and 120-150 g/L of sodium alginate;
the growth synergist b takes 95% ethanol as a solvent and comprises the following components in mass concentration: 50-100 g/L of indoleacetic acid, 30-80 g/L of naphthylacetic acid, 10-20 g/L of zeatin, 10-20 g/L of methyl jasmonate and 15-25 g/L of salicylic acid;
(4) cuttage: the seedling raising substrate is piled and paved into a seedbed with the height of 25-30 cm and the width of 1.2-1.4 m, and the L/m is 0.2-0.32Spraying clear water, obliquely inserting the leaves into soil along the 2/5 part of the upward leaf stalks, and compacting the seedling culture substrate at the periphery of the leaves at the insertion distance of 4-6 cm;
(5) managing after the insertion: building a shed to shade, controlling the transmittance to be 30-35%, regularly spraying clear water on the surface of the seedbed to ensure that the humidity of the seedbed matrix reaches 65-70%, and when the height of each camellia oleifera seedling plant is increased by 3-4 cm, keeping the humidity at 25-30 g/m21-time urea is applied;
(6) transplanting: when the camellia oleifera seedlings grow to 10-15 cm, transplanting the camellia oleifera seedlings to a field.
2. A camellia oleifera seedling raising method according to claim 1, wherein the virulence titre of Bacillus thuringiensis is 8000-16000 IU/mg.
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