CN114847078A

CN114847078A - Morchella field cultivation method

Info

Publication number: CN114847078A
Application number: CN202210497398.9A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 马文杰; 马永春
Original assignee: Changde Yongchuntang Biotechnology Co ltd
Current assignee: Changde Yongchuntang Biotechnology Co ltd
Priority date: 2022-05-09
Filing date: 2022-05-09
Publication date: 2022-08-05

Abstract

The invention discloses a field cultivation method of morchella esculenta, which belongs to the technical field of fungus cultivation, and comprises the steps of preparing a nutrition bag, ditching the ridge surface of a field, building a sunshade above the ridge surface of the field, sowing a layer of morchella esculenta strain at the bottom of the ditch opened on the ridge surface, placing the prepared nutrition bag with a downward opening in the ditch opened on the ridge surface, enabling the opening on the nutrition bag to be attached to the morchella esculenta strain, covering the nutrition bag with fine soil until the nutrition bag is not seen, sowing a layer of morchella esculenta strain on the upper layer of the fine soil, covering a layer of fine soil on the upper layer of the sowed morchella esculenta strain, watering the fine soil, then covering a black mulching film, and then carrying out conventional steps. According to the invention, the double-layer strains are simultaneously cultivated by covering soil, so that plant diseases and insect pests are reduced, manpower is saved, and the fruiting stability is improved by combining upper and lower mycelia.

Description

Morchella field cultivation method

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of mushroom cultivation, in particular to a field cultivation method of morchella esculenta.

Background

Morchella is belonging to Ascomycota, class Hymenomycetes, order Hymenomycetes, family Morchellacaceae. Morchella is a general name of Morchella fungi, and the genus of Morchella is divided into 3 strains, namely a black Morchella strain, a yellow Morchella strain and a reddened Morchella strain.

The prior Chinese patent publication numbers are: CN109845576B provides a standardized field cultivation method for morchella, which belongs to the technical field of edible mushroom cultivation, selects clean and pollution-free places in the environment and weakly alkaline to slightly acidic sandy loam to cultivate morchella, adopts a standardized land preparation and furrow sowing mode, uses a fermentation material as a culture material to provide enough nutrition for the growth of hyphae, uses an assistant to pretreat the strain, uses cement and fire soil to provide trace elements and elements such as potassium, magnesium, calcium and the like for the hyphae, adopts an primordium induction means, and realizes the stable yield and high yield cultivation of the morchella by strictly controlling the cultivation technical conditions.

However, the above patent also has the following problems in cultivation of the seed culture: when the strain is cultivated, the labor intensity is large, and the cultivation method is inconvenient for strain fruiting.

Disclosure of Invention

The embodiment of the invention provides a field cultivation method of morchella esculenta, which aims to solve the technical problems.

The embodiment of the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

a field cultivation method of morchella comprises the following steps:

the first step is as follows: preparing a nutrition bag;

the second step is that: ditching the ridge surface of the field, and building a sunshade above the ridge surface of the field;

the third step: broadcasting a layer of morchella strain at the bottom of the ditch with the ridge surface;

the fourth step: placing the nutrition bag with a downward opening in a ditch formed on the ridge surface, and attaching the opening on the nutrition bag with the morchella strain in the third step;

the fifth step; covering the nutrition bag with fine soil until the nutrition bag is not visible, wherein the rope on the nutrition bag extends to the ground;

and a sixth step: sowing a layer of morchella strain on the upper layer of the fine soil in the fifth step;

the seventh step: covering a layer of fine soil on the upper layer of the morchella strains sown in the sixth step;

eighth step: watering the fine soil in the seventh step, then covering with a black mulching film, and then carrying out conventional steps.

Further, the method of preparing the nutrition bag in the first step is as follows:

s1: preparing a nutrition bag, mixing and soaking the wheat and the chaff in clear water for 24-48h until the middle of the wheat is not white;

s2: cooking the soaked wheat and rice husks with slow fire for 1 h;

s3: putting the cooked wheat and the rice husks into a stirrer, adding the additive, and fully stirring;

s4: and (3) putting the stirred nutrition materials into a 15 x 60 polyethylene plastic bag, tying the bag with a long rope, so that the bag is convenient to mark and take out subsequently, and the preparation of the nutrition bag is finished.

Furthermore, 2 furrows are dug on the large field ridge surface 1 in the second step, two furrows 2 are dug on each ridge, the ridge width is 60-100CM, the furrow 2 width is 5-15CM, and the furrow 2 depth is 5-12 CM.

Furthermore, the toadstool strain 4 in the third step is 10-30 KG/mu.

Furthermore, a plurality of openings (2 are preferable) are cut on the nutrition bag prepared in the first step along the vertical direction by an art designing knife, and the length of each opening is not more than 10 CM.

Further, in S1, the wheat is 200-300KG, and the chaff is 50-150 KG.

Further, in S3, the additive mainly comprises 2-5KG brown sugar, 4-10KG quick lime, 0.3-0.8KG magnesium sulfate, 0.2-0.7KG potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.1-0.3KG melted chlorine dioxide water.

Further, in the fifth step, the thickness of the fine soil 5 is 0.2 to 1CM, and in the seventh step, the thickness of the fine soil 5 is 0.3 to 0.5 CM.

Furthermore, in the sixth step, the toadstool strain 4 is 80-120 KG/mu.

Further, in the eighth step, after the black mulching film is covered, the temperature of soil in the sunshade is controlled to be 5-20 degrees, and the temperature of the seeding 3 is controlled not to exceed 15 degrees.

The embodiment of the invention adopts at least one technical scheme which can achieve the following beneficial effects:

firstly, double-layer strain soil covering and simultaneous cultivation can reduce plant diseases and insect pests, save labor, and improve the stability of mushroom production by combining upper and lower mycelia.

Secondly, the seeding is simultaneously carried out from top to bottom, so that the labor is saved.

Thirdly, the upper layer and the lower layer of strains are cultured, the hypha of the lower layer of strains is about 7 days to the ridge surface, the hypha network forming time of the ridge surface is also basically 7 days, and the planting period is shortened.

Fourthly, the upper layer strains have large quantities, so that the ground breaking and fruiting are convenient, and the lower layer strains mainly have the function of guiding nutrition transfer.

And fifthly, the nutrition bag and the strains are both covered with soil, so that the infection rate of the nutrition bag is reduced, and insect pests and mice can be effectively avoided.

Drawings

The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the cultivation of strains according to the present invention;

reference numerals: ridge surfaces of a field 1, furrows 2, nutrient bags 3, morchella strains 4 and fine soil 5.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the specific embodiments of the present invention and the accompanying drawings. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention, and not restrictive of the full scope of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

The technical solutions provided by the embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to fig. 1.

A field cultivation method of morchella is characterized by comprising the following steps:

the first step is as follows: preparing a nutrition bag 3;

the second step is that: ditching 2 on the large field ridge surface 1, and building a sunshade above the large field ridge surface 1;

the third step: a layer of morchella strain 4 is broadcast at the bottom of the furrow 2 with the ridge surface;

the fourth step: placing the nutrition bag 3 with a downward opening in a ditch 2 formed on the ridge surface 1 of the field, and attaching the opening on the nutrition bag 3 with the morchella strain 4 in the third step;

the fifth step; covering the nutrition bag 3 with fine soil 5 until the nutrition bag 3 is not seen, and extending the rope on the nutrition bag to the ground;

and a sixth step: in the fifth step, another layer of morchella strain 4 is sown on the upper layer of the fine soil 5;

the seventh step: covering a layer of fine soil 5 on the upper layer of the morchella strain 4 which is sown in the sixth step;

eighth step: watering the fine soil 5 in the seventh step, then covering with a black mulching film, and then carrying out conventional steps.

Specifically, the method of preparing the nutrition bag 3 in the first step is as follows:

s1: preparing a nutrition bag 3, mixing and soaking the wheat and the chaff in clear water for 24-48h until the middle of the wheat is not white;

s2: cooking the soaked wheat and rice husks with slow fire for 1 h;

s3: putting the cooked wheat and the rice husks into a stirrer, adding the additive and fully stirring;

s4: and (3) putting the stirred nutrition materials into a 15 x 60 polyethylene plastic bag, tying the nutrition materials with a long rope, so that the nutrition materials are convenient to mark and take out subsequently, and the preparation of the nutrition bag 3 is completed.

Specifically, the large ridge surface 1 in the second step is ditched for 2, each ridge is provided with two ditches 2, the ridge width is 60-100CM, the ditch 2 width is 5-15CM, the ditch 2 depth is 5-12CM, preferably, the ridge width is 80CM, the ditch 2 width is 10CM, and the ditch 2 depth is 8 CM.

Specifically, the toadstool strain 4 in the third step is 10-30 KG/mu, and preferably the toadstool strain 4 is 20 KG/mu.

Specifically, a plurality of openings (preferably 2) are vertically cut on the nutrition bag 3 prepared in the first step by an art designing knife, and the length of each opening is not more than 10 CM.

Specifically, in S1, the wheat is 200 KG, the chaff is 50KG to 150KG, preferably the wheat is 250KG, and the chaff is 100 KG.

Specifically, in S3, the additive comprises 2-5KG brown sugar, 4-10KG quick lime, 0.3-0.8KG magnesium sulfate, 0.2-0.7KG monopotassium phosphate and 0.1-0.3KG molten chlorine dioxide water as main components, and the additive preferably comprises 3.5KG brown sugar, 7KG quick lime, 0.5KG magnesium sulfate, 0.5KG monopotassium phosphate and 0.25KG molten chlorine dioxide water as main components.

Specifically, in the fifth step, the thickness of the fine soil 5 is 0.2 to 1CM, and in the seventh step, the thickness of the fine soil 5 is 0.3 to 0.5CM, preferably, the thickness of the fine soil 5 is 0.5 CM.

Specifically, in the sixth step, the Morchella strain 4 is 80-120 KG/mu, preferably the Morchella strain 4 is 100 KG/mu.

Specifically, in the eighth step, after the black mulching film is covered, the temperature of soil in the sunshade is controlled to be 5-20 degrees, and the temperature of the seeding 3 is controlled to be not more than 15 degrees.

According to the invention, the double-layer strains are simultaneously cultivated by covering soil, so that plant diseases and insect pests are reduced, manpower is saved, and the mushroom production stability is improved by combining upper and lower mycelia.

The above description is only an example of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention. Various modifications and alterations to this invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A field cultivation method of morchella is characterized by comprising the following steps:

the first step is as follows: preparing a nutrition bag (3);

the second step is that: ditching (2) is carried out on the large ridge surface (1), and a sunshade is built above the large ridge surface (1);

the third step: a layer of morchella strain (4) is broadcast at the bottom of the furrow (2) which is formed on the ridge surface;

the fourth step: placing the nutrition bag (3) with a downward opening in the groove (2) formed in the ridge surface (1) of the large field, and attaching the opening on the nutrition bag (3) with the morchella strain (4) in the third step;

the fifth step; covering the nutrition bag (3) with fine soil (5) until the nutrition bag (3) is not seen;

and a sixth step: in the fifth step, a layer of morchella strain (4) is sown on the upper layer of the fine soil (5);

the seventh step: covering a layer of fine soil (5) on the upper layer of the morchella strain (4) which is sown in the sixth step;

eighth step: watering the fine soil (5) in the seventh step, then covering a black mulching film, and then carrying out conventional steps.

2. A field cultivation method of morchella esculenta according to claim 1, wherein the method for preparing the nutrition bag (3) in the first step is as follows:

s1: preparing a nutrition bag (3), mixing and soaking the wheat and the chaff in clear water for 24-48h until the middle of the wheat is not white;

s2: cooking the soaked wheat and rice husks with slow fire for 1 h;

s4: and (3) putting the stirred nutrition materials into a 15 x 60 polyethylene plastic bag, tying the nutrition materials with a long rope, facilitating marking and subsequent taking out, and completing the preparation of the nutrition bag (3).

3. The field cultivation method of morchella esculenta according to claim 1, wherein furrows (2) are opened on the surface of the field ridge (1) in the second step, two furrows (2) are opened on each ridge, the ridge width is 60-100CM, the width of each furrow (2) is 5-15CM, and the depth of each furrow (2) is 5-12 CM.

4. The field cultivation method of Morchella esculenta according to claim 1, wherein the Morchella esculenta strain (4) in the third step is 10-30 KG/mu.

5. The field cultivation method of morchella esculenta according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of openings are vertically cut on the nutrition bag (3) prepared in the first step by a utility knife, and the length of each opening is not more than 10 CM.

6. The field cultivation method of Morchella esculenta according to claim 2, wherein in S1, the amount of wheat is 200-300KG and the amount of husk is 50-150 KG.

7. The field cultivation method of Morchella esculenta according to claim 2, wherein in S3, the additive comprises brown sugar 2-5KG, quick lime 4-10KG, magnesium sulfate 0.3-0.8KG, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.2-0.7KG and melted chlorine dioxide water 0.1-0.3 KG.

8. The field cultivation method of Morchella esculenta according to claim 1, wherein in the fifth step, the thickness of the fine soil (5) is 0.2-1CM, and in the seventh step, the thickness of the fine soil (5) is 0.3-0.5 CM.

9. The field cultivation method of Morchella esculenta according to claim 1, wherein in the sixth step, Morchella esculenta strain (4) is 80-120 KG/mu.

10. The field cultivation method of morchella esculenta according to claim 1, wherein in the eighth step, after the black mulching film is covered, the temperature of the soil in the sunshade is controlled to be 5-20 degrees, and the temperature of the sowing 3 is controlled to be not more than 15 degrees in balance.