CN114830865B - Farmland soil fertility lifting technology and engineering operation method - Google Patents
Farmland soil fertility lifting technology and engineering operation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114830865B CN114830865B CN202210624075.1A CN202210624075A CN114830865B CN 114830865 B CN114830865 B CN 114830865B CN 202210624075 A CN202210624075 A CN 202210624075A CN 114830865 B CN114830865 B CN 114830865B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
- Soil Conditioners And Soil-Stabilizing Materials (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a farmland soil fertility improving technology and an engineering operation method, comprising a improving technology and an engineering operation method, wherein the improving technology comprises a core technology and a matched technology, and the core technology comprises acidizing soil improvement and fertilization and saline-alkali soil improvement and fertilization; the matching technology comprises straw returning, green manure planting and commodity organic fertilizer application; the invention can comprehensively protect cultivated land resources, effectively improve cultivated land quality, reasonably apply science to plan cultivated land resources, and follow the basic principle of local conditions to formulate the technology of improving cultivated land quality of suitable land; the green ecology is used as a guide, the comprehensive utilization level of crop straws is improved, farmers are guided to comprehensively adopt straw returning, deep scarification soil preparation and organic fertilizer application, and the protection of agricultural production resources is practically enhanced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of farmland soil fertility improvement, in particular to a farmland soil fertility improvement technology and an engineering operation method.
Background
The cultivated land is not only a carrier and an acceptor in agricultural production, but also an indispensable donor, and can meet the requirements of human beings. However, with the increase of the demand of people, the bearing pressure of cultivated land is obviously increased, so that the cultivated quality is reduced, and the agricultural production benefit is directly influenced. Under the condition, agricultural producers must fully utilize modern scientific technology to explore the path for improving the cultivated quality so as to realize the comprehensive innovation of the development mode of agricultural production and improve the agricultural benefit and the economic income of farmers. Therefore, an effective way for improving the cultivated land quality is necessary to be studied intensively.
The present situation of cultivated land resources in China has the following problems: the cultivated land amount per person is not large.
Therefore, a farmland soil fertility improving technology and an engineering operation method are the problems to be solved urgently.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem that the cultivated land per person is not much.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows: a farmland soil fertility improving technology and an engineering operation method comprise a improving technology and an engineering operation method, wherein the improving technology comprises a core technology and a matched technology, and the core technology comprises acidified soil improvement and fertilization and saline-alkali soil improvement and fertilization;
the acidified soil improvement and fertilization refers to that lime and acid soil adjusting products are used in dry land and paddy field with the content of organic matters reduced, and soil fertility improvement measures are matched, so that the cultivated land quality is improved, and the crop yield and quality are improved;
the saline-alkali soil improvement and fertilization refers to that in a land where the groundwater level is high in coastal and Huai north parts, salinization becomes a main factor affecting the quality of cultivated land and restricting the improvement of organic matters in soil, gypsum and other saline-alkali soil conditioner products are used, and the saline-alkali soil is improved by matching with a soil fertilization technology, so that the crop yield and quality are improved;
the matching technology comprises straw returning, green manure planting, commodity organic fertilizer application and bioengineering technology application;
the engineering operation method is as follows:
step 1, analyzing the soil acidification degree and the application range of the conditioner on the basis of applying the soil measurement formula fertilization result, determining the application amount and method of the soil conditioner, wherein the lime application amount is 50-75 kg per 667 square meters, selecting the soil conditioner with low heavy metal content and safe quality, uniformly scattering the soil acidification conditioner on the surfaces of dry lands and paddy fields before farmland ploughing, sowing and transplanting, and ploughing the soil conditioner into a soil layer and fully mixing the soil with plough layer soil;
step 2, improving the water content and the accumulated temperature of soil: the moisture of soil with the thickness of 0-20cm is improved by 19%, the soil layer with the thickness of 20-40cm is improved by 21.6%, and the accumulated temperature of corn growing soil with the thickness of 0-25cm is improved by 6.5 ℃;
step 3, improving the structure of soil: increasing the volume weight void fraction of the soil to ensure that the permeability meets ideal planting requirements, wherein the content of organic matters in the soil is about 0.04%, the volume weight of the soil is reduced to a range of 0.11-0.15 before relative protective cultivation, the average volume weight reduction interval of the soil with the depth of 10cm is maintained at 0.11, and the average volume weight reduction interval of the soil with the depth of 20cm is maintained at 0.24;
step 4, planting green manure: the basic principle of local conditions is followed, the rationality of crop planting is ensured, the soil types are different, the planted crops are also different, the related contents of agricultural production and farmland protection are required to be fused when the planted crops are selected so as to avoid serious influence on the soil properties by cultivation, the green manure varieties with the indexes of purity, germination rate and moisture content reaching the national three-level seed standards are selected, the seed selection, seed wiping, seed soaking and seed dressing are performed at proper time, and the timely sowing is performed in the area suitable for green manure planting;
step 5, commodity organic fertilizer application: determining the amount of organic fertilizer for maintaining the balance of organic matters in the plough layer soil according to the content of organic matters in the local soil, the humification coefficient and the organic matters in the soil, applying a soil testing formula fertilization principle according to the nutrient supply condition of the local soil, the crop type and the target yield, determining the amount of applied commercial organic fertilizer by an equivalent method, and combining the organic fertilizer with the inorganic fertilizer;
step 6, application of bioengineering technology: the application of biological organic fertilizer and microbial agent fertilizer improves soil fertility and cultivated land force;
step 7, returning the straws to the field: comprises the steps of full mechanical crushing of rice, wheat and corn straw and returning to the field, covering the rice straw on the field with high stubble and returning to the field, and burying the wheat straw in the soil moisture ditch and returning to the field.
Further, the pH value of the soil in the areas with serious acidification of the dry land and the paddy field is 3.5-5.5.
Further, the PF value of the saline-alkali soil is 7.5-9.5.
Further, the full mechanical crushing and returning to the field means that the full mechanical crushing and returning to the field of the wheat straw is carried out through a large power machine, the straw decomposition agent is applied in an auxiliary mode, the nitrogen fertilizer basal application proportion is increased in a proper amount, and the carbon-nitrogen ratio is adjusted to 25:1, accelerating the rapid decomposition of wheat straw; the soil moisture ditch grass burying and returning refers to that redundant straw is buried by utilizing wheat Tian Shanggou after part of wheat straw is returned to the field in a field without large power machinery, and straw decomposing agents are applied to promote the quick decomposition of the wheat straw.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that: the invention can comprehensively protect cultivated land resources, effectively improve cultivated land quality, reasonably apply science to plan cultivated land resources, and follow the basic principle of local conditions to formulate the technology of improving cultivated land quality of suitable land; the green ecology is used as a guide, the comprehensive utilization level of crop straws is improved, farmers are guided to comprehensively adopt straw returning, deep scarification soil preparation and organic fertilizer application, and the protection of agricultural production resources is practically enhanced; the invention has reasonable design and is worth popularizing.
Detailed Description
The farmland soil fertility lifting technology and the engineering operation method of the invention are further described in detail below.
A farmland soil fertility improving technology and an engineering operation method comprise a improving technology and an engineering operation method, wherein the improving technology comprises a core technology and a matched technology, and the core technology comprises acidified soil improvement and fertilization and saline-alkali soil improvement and fertilization;
the acidified soil improvement and fertilization refers to that lime and acid soil adjusting products are used in dry land and paddy field with the content of organic matters reduced, and soil fertility improvement measures are matched, so that the cultivated land quality is improved, and the crop yield and quality are improved;
the saline-alkali soil improvement and fertilization refers to that in a land where the groundwater level is high in coastal and Huai north parts, salinization becomes a main factor affecting the quality of cultivated land and restricting the improvement of organic matters in soil, gypsum and other saline-alkali soil conditioner products are used, and the saline-alkali soil is improved by matching with a soil fertilization technology, so that the crop yield and quality are improved;
the matching technology comprises straw returning, green manure planting, commodity organic fertilizer application and bioengineering technology application;
the engineering operation method is as follows:
step 1, analyzing the soil acidification degree and the application range of the conditioner on the basis of applying the soil measurement formula fertilization result, determining the application amount and method of the soil conditioner, wherein the lime application amount is 50-75 kg per 667 square meters, selecting the soil conditioner with low heavy metal content and safe quality, uniformly scattering the soil acidification conditioner on the surfaces of dry lands and paddy fields before farmland ploughing, sowing and transplanting, and ploughing the soil conditioner into a soil layer and fully mixing the soil with plough layer soil;
step 2, improving the water content and the accumulated temperature of soil: the moisture of soil with the thickness of 0-20cm is improved by 19%, the soil layer with the thickness of 20-40cm is improved by 21.6%, and the accumulated temperature of corn growing soil with the thickness of 0-25cm is improved by 6.5 ℃;
step 3, improving the structure of soil: increasing the volume weight void fraction of the soil to ensure that the permeability meets ideal planting requirements, wherein the content of organic matters in the soil is about 0.04%, the volume weight of the soil is reduced to a range of 0.11-0.15 before relative protective cultivation, the average volume weight reduction interval of the soil with the depth of 10cm is maintained at 0.11, and the average volume weight reduction interval of the soil with the depth of 20cm is maintained at 0.24;
step 4, planting green manure: the basic principle of local conditions is followed, the rationality of crop planting is ensured, the soil types are different, the planted crops are also different, the related contents of agricultural production and farmland protection are required to be fused when the planted crops are selected so as to avoid serious influence on the soil properties by cultivation, the green manure varieties with the indexes of purity, germination rate and moisture content reaching the national three-level seed standards are selected, the seed selection, seed wiping, seed soaking and seed dressing are performed at proper time, and the timely sowing is performed in the area suitable for green manure planting;
step 5, commodity organic fertilizer application: determining the amount of organic fertilizer for maintaining the balance of organic matters in the plough layer soil according to the content of organic matters in the local soil, the humification coefficient and the organic matters in the soil, applying a soil testing formula fertilization principle according to the nutrient supply condition of the local soil, the crop type and the target yield, determining the amount of applied commercial organic fertilizer by an equivalent method, and combining the organic fertilizer with the inorganic fertilizer;
step 6, application of bioengineering technology: the application of biological organic fertilizer and microbial agent fertilizer improves soil fertility and cultivated land force;
step 7, returning the straws to the field: comprises the steps of full mechanical crushing of rice, wheat and corn straw and returning to the field, covering the rice straw on the field with high stubble and returning to the field, and burying the wheat straw in the soil moisture ditch and returning to the field.
The pH value of soil in the severe acidification areas of dry land and paddy field is 3.5-5.5.
The PF value of the saline-alkali soil is 7.5-9.5.
The full mechanical crushing and returning to the field is to perform full returning of wheat straw through a large power machine, apply straw decomposition agent in an auxiliary mode, increase the basal application proportion of nitrogen fertilizer in a proper amount, and adjust the carbon-nitrogen ratio to 25:1, accelerating the rapid decomposition of wheat straw; the soil moisture ditch grass burying and returning refers to that redundant straw is buried by utilizing wheat Tian Shanggou after part of wheat straw is returned to the field in a field without large power machinery, and straw decomposing agents are applied to promote the quick decomposition of the wheat straw.
The invention relates to a farmland soil fertility lifting technology and a specific implementation process of an engineering operation method, which comprise the following steps: step 1, analyzing the soil acidification degree and the application range of the conditioner on the basis of applying the soil measurement formula fertilization result, determining the application amount and method of the soil conditioner, wherein the lime application amount is 50-75 kg per 667 square meters, selecting the soil conditioner with low heavy metal content and safe quality, uniformly scattering the soil acidification conditioner on the surfaces of dry lands and paddy fields before farmland ploughing, sowing and transplanting, and ploughing the soil conditioner into a soil layer and fully mixing the soil with plough layer soil;
step 2, improving the water content and the accumulated temperature of soil: the moisture of soil with the thickness of 0-20cm is improved by 19%, the soil layer with the thickness of 20-40cm is improved by 21.6%, and the accumulated temperature of corn growing soil with the thickness of 0-25cm is improved by 6.5 ℃;
step 3, improving the structure of soil: increasing the volume weight void fraction of the soil to ensure that the permeability meets ideal planting requirements, wherein the content of organic matters in the soil is about 0.04%, the volume weight of the soil is reduced to a range of 0.11-0.15 before relative protective cultivation, the average volume weight reduction interval of the soil with the depth of 10cm is maintained at 0.11, and the average volume weight reduction interval of the soil with the depth of 20cm is maintained at 0.24;
step 4, planting green manure: the basic principle of local conditions is followed, the rationality of crop planting is ensured, the soil types are different, the planted crops are also different, the related contents of agricultural production and farmland protection are required to be fused when the planted crops are selected so as to avoid serious influence on the soil properties by cultivation, the green manure varieties with the indexes of purity, germination rate and moisture content reaching the national three-level seed standards are selected, the seed selection, seed wiping, seed soaking and seed dressing are performed at proper time, and the timely sowing is performed in the area suitable for green manure planting;
step 5, commodity organic fertilizer application: determining the amount of organic fertilizer for maintaining the balance of organic matters in the plough layer soil according to the content of organic matters in the local soil, the humification coefficient and the organic matters in the soil, applying a soil testing formula fertilization principle according to the nutrient supply condition of the local soil, the crop type and the target yield, determining the amount of applied commercial organic fertilizer by an equivalent method, and combining the organic fertilizer with the inorganic fertilizer;
step 6, application of bioengineering technology: the application of biological organic fertilizer and microbial agent fertilizer improves soil fertility and cultivated land force;
step 7, returning the straws to the field: comprises the steps of full mechanical crushing of rice, wheat and corn straw and returning to the field, covering the rice straw on the field with high stubble and returning to the field, and burying the wheat straw in the soil moisture ditch and returning to the field.
The invention can comprehensively protect cultivated land resources, effectively improve cultivated land quality, reasonably apply science to plan cultivated land resources, and follow the basic principle of local conditions to formulate the technology of improving cultivated land quality of suitable land; the green ecology is used as a guide, the comprehensive utilization level of crop straws is improved, farmers are guided to comprehensively adopt straw returning, deep scarification soil preparation and organic fertilizer application, and the protection of agricultural production resources is practically enhanced; the invention has reasonable design and is worth popularizing.
The invention and its embodiments have been described above without limitation. In summary, if one of ordinary skill in the art is informed by this disclosure, a structural manner and an embodiment similar to the technical solution should not be creatively devised without departing from the gist of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. A farmland soil fertility lifting technology and an engineering operation method comprise a lifting technology and an engineering operation method, and are characterized in that: the lifting technology comprises a core technology and a matched technology, wherein the core technology comprises acidification soil improvement and fertilization and saline-alkali soil improvement and fertilization;
the acidified soil improvement and fertilization refers to that lime and acid soil adjusting products are used in dry land and paddy field with the content of organic matters reduced, and soil fertility improvement measures are matched, so that the cultivated land quality is improved, and the crop yield and quality are improved;
the saline-alkali soil improvement and fertilization refers to that in a land where the groundwater level is high in coastal and Huai north parts, salinization becomes a main factor affecting the quality of cultivated land and restricting the improvement of organic matters in soil, gypsum and other saline-alkali soil conditioner products are used, and the saline-alkali soil is improved by matching with a soil fertilization technology, so that the crop yield and quality are improved;
the matching technology comprises straw returning, green manure planting, commodity organic fertilizer application and bioengineering technology application;
the engineering operation method is as follows:
step 1, analyzing the soil acidification degree and the application range of the conditioner on the basis of applying the soil measurement formula fertilization result, determining the application amount and method of the soil conditioner, wherein the lime application amount is 50-75 kg per 667 square meters, selecting the soil conditioner with low heavy metal content and safe quality, uniformly scattering the soil acidification conditioner on the surfaces of dry lands and paddy fields before farmland ploughing, sowing and transplanting, and ploughing the soil conditioner into a soil layer and fully mixing the soil with plough layer soil;
step 2, improving the water content and the accumulated temperature of soil: the moisture of soil with the thickness of 0-20cm is improved by 19%, the soil layer with the thickness of 20-40cm is improved by 21.6%, and the accumulated temperature of corn growing soil with the thickness of 0-25cm is improved by 6.5 ℃;
step 3, improving the structure of soil: increasing the volume weight void volume of the soil to enable the permeability to meet the planting requirement, wherein the content of organic matters in the soil is about 0.04%, the volume weight of the soil is reduced to be between 0.11 and 0.15 before relative protective cultivation, the average volume weight reduction interval of the soil with the depth of 10cm is maintained at 0.11, and the average volume weight reduction interval of the soil with the depth of 20cm is maintained at 0.24;
step 4, planting green manure: selecting green manure varieties with indexes of purity, germination rate and moisture content reaching national three-level seed standards, timely selecting seeds, cleaning seeds, soaking seeds and dressing seeds, and timely sowing in a region suitable for green manure planting;
step 5, commodity organic fertilizer application: determining the amount of organic fertilizer for maintaining the balance of organic matters in the plough layer soil according to the content of organic matters in the local soil, the humification coefficient and the organic matters in the soil, applying a soil testing formula fertilization principle according to the nutrient supply condition of the local soil, the crop type and the target yield, determining the amount of applied commercial organic fertilizer by an equivalent method, and combining the organic fertilizer with the inorganic fertilizer;
step 6, application of bioengineering technology: the application of biological organic fertilizer and microbial agent fertilizer improves soil fertility and cultivated land force;
step 7, returning the straws to the field: comprises the steps of mechanically crushing rice, wheat and corn straw in a full amount, returning the rice straw to the field, covering the rice straw in a high stubble returning field, and burying the wheat straw in a soil moisture ditch for returning the grass to the field; wherein the full mechanical crushing and returning to the field refers to full returning of wheat straw through a large power machine, applying straw decomposition agent, adding a proper amount of nitrogen fertilizer base application proportion, and adjusting the carbon-nitrogen ratio to 25:1, accelerating the rapid decomposition of wheat straw; the soil moisture ditch grass burying and returning refers to that redundant straw is buried by utilizing wheat Tian Shanggou after part of wheat straw is returned to the field in a field without large power machinery, and straw decomposing agents are applied to promote the quick decomposition of the wheat straw.
2. The farmland soil fertility hoisting technique and engineering operation method according to claim 1, wherein: the pH value of soil in the severe acidification areas of dry land and paddy field is 3.5-5.5.
3. The farmland soil fertility hoisting technique and engineering operation method according to claim 1, wherein: the PF value of the saline-alkali soil is 7.5-9.5.
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Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3713055C1 (en) * | 1987-04-16 | 1988-12-01 | Vni Skij I Pki Ochrany Okruzaj | Process for the reclamation of soils which have been destroyed by coalmining |
| EP0536716A1 (en) * | 1991-10-07 | 1993-04-14 | ALLIED COLLOIDS GmbH | Process for recultivation of fallow and/or industrially used lands by employing sewage sludge |
| CN102349371A (en) * | 2011-08-07 | 2012-02-15 | 吉林省农业科学院 | Method for quickly desalting, dealkalizing and ploughing soda saline-alkali paddy field |
| RU2014114778A (en) * | 2014-04-14 | 2015-10-20 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Калмыцкий государственный университет" | METHOD FOR SALONZA LAND RECYCLING |
| CN106211847A (en) * | 2016-07-25 | 2016-12-14 | 甘肃省农业科学院旱地农业研究所 | A kind of newlyexploited land soil Study on Fertilizing modification method |
-
2022
- 2022-06-02 CN CN202210624075.1A patent/CN114830865B/en active Active
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3713055C1 (en) * | 1987-04-16 | 1988-12-01 | Vni Skij I Pki Ochrany Okruzaj | Process for the reclamation of soils which have been destroyed by coalmining |
| EP0536716A1 (en) * | 1991-10-07 | 1993-04-14 | ALLIED COLLOIDS GmbH | Process for recultivation of fallow and/or industrially used lands by employing sewage sludge |
| CN102349371A (en) * | 2011-08-07 | 2012-02-15 | 吉林省农业科学院 | Method for quickly desalting, dealkalizing and ploughing soda saline-alkali paddy field |
| RU2014114778A (en) * | 2014-04-14 | 2015-10-20 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Калмыцкий государственный университет" | METHOD FOR SALONZA LAND RECYCLING |
| CN106211847A (en) * | 2016-07-25 | 2016-12-14 | 甘肃省农业科学院旱地农业研究所 | A kind of newlyexploited land soil Study on Fertilizing modification method |
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