CN115836608A - Soil fertility improvement and planting method for saline-alkali soil of farmland - Google Patents
Soil fertility improvement and planting method for saline-alkali soil of farmland Download PDFInfo
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- CN115836608A CN115836608A CN202211413019.XA CN202211413019A CN115836608A CN 115836608 A CN115836608 A CN 115836608A CN 202211413019 A CN202211413019 A CN 202211413019A CN 115836608 A CN115836608 A CN 115836608A
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Abstract
The invention provides a farmland saline-alkali soil fertility improvement and planting method, which comprises a soil fertility improvement flow and a soil preparation method before sowing after spring irrigation, wherein the soil fertility improvement flow comprises saline-alkali soil improvement and fertilization; the saline-alkali soil improvement and fertilization refers to a tank area with a high underground water level in coastal and Huaibei parts, gypsum and other saline-alkali soil conditioner products are used, the saline-alkali soil improvement and fertilization method can effectively adsorb salt ions through basal application of biochar, improve absorption of roots to nutrients and moisture, improve crop oxidation resistance and photosynthesis, further promote crop growth, utilize growth period irrigation to apply organic fertilizers, potassium fulvate, rhamnolipid and other exogenous substances to a crop root area, can effectively improve soil porosity and organic matter content, increase the quantity of salt-tolerant bacteria in the root layer, further improve salt tolerance of crops, realize a saline-alkali soil fertility improvement flow, and effectively improve salt tolerance of crops, thereby promoting efficient development and utilization of saline-alkali soil.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of farmland land fertility improvement, and particularly relates to a farmland saline-alkali soil land fertility improvement and planting method.
Background
The cultivated land is not only a carrier and a receptor for agricultural production, but also an indispensable donor, and can meet the requirements of human beings. The arable land bearing pressure is showing and is improving, leads to arable land quality to reduce, has directly influenced the agricultural production benefit, how high-efficient the utilization limited irrigation water resource high-efficient development utilize saline and alkaline land to realize the comprehensive innovation of agricultural production development mode, improve agricultural benefit and peasant economic income, be urgent to solve the civilian problem.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems in the background art, the invention provides a farmland saline-alkali soil fertility improvement and planting method, which can effectively improve the farmland soil fertility and the salt tolerance of crops.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a farmland saline-alkali soil fertility improvement and planting method comprises a soil fertility improvement flow and a land preparation method before sowing after spring irrigation, wherein the soil fertility improvement flow comprises saline-alkali soil improvement and fertilization, and the saline-alkali soil improvement and fertilization refers to that gypsum and other saline-alkali soil conditioner products are used in a tank area with higher underground water level in coastal and Huai-North parts.
The soil fertility improvement process comprises the following specific steps:
step 1, on the basis of applying a soil testing formula and fertilizing results, analyzing soil fertility degree and conditioner application range, determining the application amount and method of a soil conditioner, wherein the lime usage amount is 0.08-0.15 kg per 100 square meters, selecting the soil conditioner with low heavy metal content and safe quality, uniformly scattering the soil conditioner on the surfaces of dry land and paddy field before ploughing the farmland, and turning the soil conditioner into a soil layer and fully mixing the soil conditioner with plough layer soil before sowing and transplanting;
step 2, punching and sand filling are carried out on the soil before farmland irrigation; the depth of the hole is 80-100 cm, the density of the hole is 3-5 holes/m 2 ；
Step 3, improving the water content and accumulated temperature of the soil, wherein the water content of the soil with the thickness of 0-20cm is improved by 19%, the soil layer with the thickness of 20-40cm is improved by 21.6%, and the accumulated temperature of the soil for crop growth is improved by 6.5 ℃ with the thickness of 0-25 cm;
step 4, increasing the volume weight void degree of the soil to enable the permeability to reach the ideal planting requirement, wherein the content of organic matters in the soil is about 0.04%, the volume weight of the soil is reduced to a range of 0.11-0.15 before relative protective cultivation, the reduction interval of the average volume weight of the soil with the depth of 10cm is maintained at 0.11, and the reduction interval of the average volume weight of the soil with the depth of 20cm is maintained at 0.24;
step 5, selecting green manure varieties with purity, germination percentage and moisture content indexes reaching the national third-level seed standard, timely selecting, wiping, soaking and dressing seeds, and timely sowing in areas suitable for green manure planting;
step 6, determining the amount of an organic fertilizer for maintaining the balance of soil organic matters in a plough layer according to the content of the soil organic matters, the humification coefficient and the soil organic matters in the local soil, applying a soil testing formula fertilization principle according to the nutrient supply condition of the local soil, the crop type and the target yield, determining the amount of the applied commercial organic fertilizer by adopting an equivalent weight method, and combining the organic fertilizer with an inorganic fertilizer;
step 7, additionally applying a biological organic fertilizer and a microbial agent fertilizer to improve soil fertility and farmland capacity;
and 8, returning the straws to the field: the method comprises the steps of mechanically crushing the whole amount of rice, wheat and corn straws and returning the crushed rice straws to the field, covering the rice straws with the high stubble and returning the rice straws to the field, and burying the straws in the wheat straw dead furrow and returning the straws to the field.
The soil preparation method before sowing after spring irrigation comprises the following steps:
a) Applying base fertilizer after spring irrigation and before sowing for soil preparation, wherein the base fertilizer comprises compound fertilizer and organic fertilizer;
b) After seeding, crops are irrigated for many times before being harvested, and nitrogen fertilizer is applied during the first irrigation; and applying at least two of special fertilizer for crops, potassium fulvate and rhamnolipid during at least two times of irrigation.
Furthermore, the salt content of the saline-alkali soil in the method is 2.21-7.01 ms/cm.
Preferably, the punching and sand filling in the step 2 are carried out immediately after the crops are harvested, and the sand grain size of the sand filling is 0.25-0.5 mm.
Further, the step 8 of mechanically crushing and returning the wheat straws to the field refers to returning the wheat straws to the field in total through a large power machine, applying a straw decomposition agent, increasing the nitrogen fertilizer base application ratio in a proper amount, and adjusting the carbon-nitrogen ratio to 25:1, accelerating the wheat straw to be quickly decomposed; the straw burying and returning to the field in the dead furrows refers to burying straw in the dead furrows of the wheat fields after partial wheat straws are subjected to field planting and returning to the field in a land without a large power machine.
Preferably, the depth of the spring irrigation in the method is 120mm to 150mm; irrigating for more than 10 times after seeding and before harvesting, wherein the depth of the first irrigation is more than 30mm; the depth of the second and later irrigation is 30 to 40mm, the irrigation mode is that drip irrigation under a film is integrated with water and fertilizer, and the concentration of the potassium fulvate in the irrigation water is 0.2 to 1.0wt%; the concentration of rhamnolipid is 0.1 to 0.4wt%.
Preferably, the application amount of the compound fertilizer in the base fertilizer is 500 to 800kg/hectare; the application amount of the organic fertilizer is 2250-13500kg/hectare.
Preferably, biochar is further applied after spring irrigation and before sowing and during soil preparation, and the application amount of the biochar is 0.5-2 wt% of the weight of soil 0-20cm.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: the method comprehensively considers the existing research technologies, comprehensively applies various technologies, can effectively improve the quality of cultivated land, reasonably applies science to plan cultivated land resources, takes green ecology as a guide, improves the comprehensive utilization level of crop straws, applies organic fertilizers and practically strengthens the protection of agricultural production resources.
Detailed Description
The present application will be described in further detail with reference to examples. It is to be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention. It should be noted that, for convenience of description, only the portions related to the present invention are shown below.
It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present application may be combined with each other without conflict. The present application will be described in detail with reference to examples.
Example 1
A farmland saline-alkali soil fertility improvement and planting method comprises a soil fertility improvement flow and a land preparation method before sowing after spring irrigation, wherein the soil fertility improvement flow comprises saline-alkali soil improvement and fertilization, and the saline-alkali soil improvement and fertilization refers to that gypsum and other saline-alkali soil conditioner products are used in a tank area with higher underground water level in coastal and Huai-North parts.
The soil fertility improving process comprises the following specific steps:
step 1, on the basis of applying a soil testing formula and fertilizing results, analyzing soil fertility degree and conditioner application range, determining the application amount and method of a soil conditioner, wherein the lime usage amount is 0.08-0.15 kg per 100 square meters, selecting the soil conditioner with low heavy metal content and safe quality, uniformly scattering the soil conditioner on the surfaces of dry land and paddy field before ploughing the farmland, and turning the soil conditioner into a soil layer and fully mixing the soil conditioner with plough layer soil before sowing and transplanting;
step 2, irrigating water in farmlandPunching and sand filling are carried out on the soil; the depth of the hole is 80-100 cm, the density of the hole is 3-5 holes/m 2 ；
Step 3, improving the water content and accumulated temperature of the soil, wherein the water content of the soil with the thickness of 0-20cm is improved by 19%, the soil layer with the thickness of 20-40cm is improved by 21.6%, and the accumulated temperature of the soil for crop growth is improved by 6.5 ℃ with the thickness of 0-25 cm;
step 4, increasing the volume weight void fraction of the soil to ensure that the permeability meets the ideal planting requirement, wherein the content of organic matters in the soil is about 0.04 percent, the volume weight of the soil is reduced to a range of 0.11-0.15 before relative protective cultivation, the reduction interval of the average volume weight of the soil with the depth of 10cm is maintained at 0.11, and the reduction interval of the average volume weight of the soil with the depth of 20cm is maintained at 0.24;
step 5, selecting green manure varieties with purity, germination percentage and moisture content indexes reaching the national third-level seed standard, timely selecting, wiping, soaking and dressing seeds, and timely sowing in areas suitable for green manure planting;
step 6, determining the amount of an organic fertilizer for maintaining the balance of soil organic matters in a plough layer according to the content of the soil organic matters, the humification coefficient and the soil organic matters in the local soil, applying a soil testing formula fertilization principle according to the nutrient supply condition of the local soil, the crop type and the target yield, determining the amount of the applied commercial organic fertilizer by adopting an equivalent weight method, and combining the organic fertilizer with an inorganic fertilizer;
step 7, additionally applying a biological organic fertilizer and a microbial agent fertilizer to improve soil fertility and farmland capacity;
and 8, returning the straws to the field: the method comprises the steps of mechanically crushing the whole amount of rice, wheat and corn straws and returning the crushed rice straws to the field, covering the rice straws with the high stubble and returning the rice straws to the field, and burying the straws in the wheat straw dead furrow and returning the straws to the field.
The soil preparation method before sowing after spring irrigation comprises the following steps:
a) Applying base fertilizer after spring irrigation and before sowing for land preparation, wherein the base fertilizer comprises compound fertilizer and organic fertilizer;
b) After seeding, crops are irrigated for many times before being harvested, and nitrogen fertilizer is applied during the first irrigation; and applying at least two of special fertilizer for crops, potassium fulvate and rhamnolipid during at least two times of irrigation.
The salt content of the saline-alkali soil in the embodiment is 2.21-7.01 ms/cm.
In this embodiment, the punching and sand filling in step 2 are performed immediately after the crops are harvested, the sand grain size of the sand filling is 0.25-0.5 mm, and the sand filling is to fill the whole hole with sand, in this embodiment, the sand includes medium sand and coarse sand.
In this embodiment, the step 8 of mechanically crushing and returning the wheat straw to the field refers to returning the wheat straw to the field in the total amount by using a high-power machine, applying a straw decomposition agent, increasing the nitrogen fertilizer base application ratio by a proper amount, and adjusting the carbon-nitrogen ratio to 25:1, accelerating the wheat straw to be quickly decomposed; the furrow straw burying returning is to burying straws by utilizing the furrow of the wheat field after partial wheat straws are subjected to field returning in a land without a large power machine.
In the embodiment, the depth of the spring irrigation is 120mm to 150mm, and preferably 130mm; irrigating for more than 10 times after seeding and before harvesting, wherein the depth of the first irrigation is more than 30mm; the depth of the second and later irrigation is 30 to 40mm, the irrigation mode is that drip irrigation under a film is integrated with water and fertilizer, and the concentration of the potassium fulvate in the irrigation water is 0.2 to 1.0wt%; the concentration of rhamnolipid is 0.1 to 0.4wt%.
In the embodiment, the application amount of the compound fertilizer is 500 to 800kg/hectare; the application amount of the organic fertilizer is 2250-13500kg/hectare, and the organic fertilizer can be straw or the like crushed in the step 8.
In the embodiment, biochar is further applied after spring irrigation and before sowing and during soil preparation, and the application amount of the biochar is 0.5-2 wt% of the weight of soil 0-20cm.
The method comprehensively considers the existing research technologies, comprehensively applies various technologies, can effectively improve the quality of cultivated land, reasonably applies science to plan cultivated land resources, takes green ecology as a guide, improves the comprehensive utilization level of crop straws, applies organic fertilizers and practically strengthens the protection of agricultural production resources.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the application and is illustrative of the principles of the technology employed. It will be appreciated by a person skilled in the art that the scope of the invention as referred to in the present application is not limited to the embodiments with a specific combination of the above-mentioned features, but also covers other embodiments with any combination of the above-mentioned features or their equivalents without departing from the inventive concept. For example, the above features may be replaced with (but not limited to) features having similar functions disclosed in the present application.
Other technical features than those described in the specification are known to those skilled in the art, and are not described herein in detail in order to highlight the innovative features of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A farmland saline-alkali soil land capability improving and planting method is characterized in that: comprises a soil fertility improving flow and a soil preparation method before sowing after spring irrigation.
2. The method for improving the soil productivity and planting the saline-alkali soil of the farmland according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the soil fertility improvement process comprises saline-alkali soil improvement and fertilization; the saline-alkali soil improvement and fertilization is to use gypsum and other saline-alkali soil conditioner products in a tank area with higher underground water level in coastal and Huaibei parts; the soil fertility improvement process comprises the following specific steps:
step 1, on the basis of applying a soil testing formula and fertilizing achievements, analyzing soil fertility degree and conditioner application range, determining the application amount and method of a soil conditioner, wherein lime is used in an amount of 0.08-0.15 kg per 100 square meters, selecting the soil conditioner with low heavy metal content and safe quality, uniformly scattering the soil conditioner on the surfaces of dry land and paddy field before ploughing the farmland, and turning the soil conditioner into a soil layer and fully mixing the soil conditioner with soil of a plough layer before sowing and transplanting;
step 2, punching and sand filling are carried out on the soil before farmland irrigation; the depth of the hole is 80-100 cm, the density of the hole is 3-5 holes/m 2 ；
Step 3, improving the water content and accumulated temperature of the soil, wherein the water content of the soil with the thickness of 0-20cm is improved by 19%, the soil layer with the thickness of 20-40cm is improved by 21.6%, and the accumulated temperature of the soil for crop growth is improved by 6.5 ℃ with the thickness of 0-25 cm;
step 4, increasing the volume weight void degree of the soil to enable the permeability to reach the ideal planting requirement, wherein the content of organic matters in the soil is about 0.04%, the volume weight of the soil is reduced to a range of 0.11-0.15 before relative protective cultivation, the reduction interval of the average volume weight of the soil with the depth of 10cm is maintained at 0.11, and the reduction interval of the average volume weight of the soil with the depth of 20cm is maintained at 0.24;
step 5, selecting green manure varieties with purity, germination percentage and moisture content indexes reaching the national third-level seed standard, timely selecting, wiping, soaking and dressing seeds, and timely sowing in areas suitable for green manure planting;
step 6, determining the amount of an organic fertilizer for maintaining the balance of soil organic matters in a plough layer according to the content of the local soil organic matters, the humification coefficient and the soil organic matters, applying a soil testing formula fertilization principle according to the nutrient supply condition of the local soil, the crop type and the target yield, determining the amount of the applied commercial organic fertilizer by adopting an equivalent weight method, and combining the organic fertilizer with an inorganic fertilizer;
step 7, additionally applying a biological organic fertilizer and a microbial agent fertilizer to improve soil fertility and farmland capacity;
and 8, returning the straws to the field: the method comprises the steps of mechanically crushing the whole amount of rice, wheat and corn straws and returning the crushed rice straws to the field, covering the rice straws with the high stubble and returning the rice straws to the field, and burying the straws in the wheat straw dead furrow and returning the straws to the field.
3. The method for improving the soil productivity and planting the saline-alkali soil of the farmland according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the soil preparation method before sowing after spring irrigation comprises the following steps:
a) Applying base fertilizer after spring irrigation and before sowing for soil preparation, wherein the base fertilizer comprises compound fertilizer and organic fertilizer;
b) After seeding, crops are irrigated for many times before being harvested, and nitrogen fertilizer is applied during the first irrigation; and applying at least two of special fertilizer for crops, potassium fulvate and rhamnolipid during at least two times of irrigation.
4. The method for improving the soil productivity and planting the saline-alkali soil of the farmland according to claim 2, which is characterized in that: the salt content of the saline-alkali soil is 2.21-7.01 ms/cm.
5. The method for improving the soil productivity and planting the saline-alkali soil of the farmland according to claim 2, which is characterized in that: the step 8 of returning the wheat straws to the field by the total mechanical smashing is to return the wheat straws to the field by a large-power machine, apply the straw decomposition agent, increase the basic application proportion of the nitrogen fertilizer in a proper amount, and adjust the carbon-nitrogen ratio to 25:1, accelerating the wheat straw to be quickly decomposed; the furrow straw burying returning is to burying straws by utilizing the furrow of the wheat field after partial wheat straws are subjected to field returning in a land without a large power machine.
6. The method for improving the soil productivity and planting the saline-alkali soil of the farmland according to claim 2, which is characterized in that: and 2, immediately performing punching and sand filling after crops are harvested, wherein the sand grain diameter of the sand filling is 0.25-0.5 mm.
7. The method for improving the soil productivity and planting the saline-alkali soil of the farmland according to claim 3, which is characterized in that: the depth of the spring irrigation is 120 mm-150 mm; irrigating for more than 10 times after sowing and before harvesting, wherein the depth of the first irrigation is more than 30mm; the depth of the second and later irrigation is 30-40 mm, the irrigation mode is that drip irrigation under the film is integrated with water and fertilizer, and the concentration of the fulvic acid potassium in the irrigation water is 0.2-1.0 wt%; the concentration of rhamnolipid is 0.1-0.4 wt%.
8. The method for improving and planting the farmland saline-alkali soil land capability as claimed in claim 3, which is characterized in that: in the base fertilizer, the application amount of the compound fertilizer is 500-800 kg/hectare; the application amount of the organic fertilizer is 2250-13500 kg/ha.
9. The method for improving and planting the farmland saline-alkali soil land capability as claimed in claim 3, which is characterized in that: and biochar is also applied after spring irrigation and before sowing in soil preparation, and the application amount of the biochar is 0.5-2 wt% of the weight of 0-20cm of soil.
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| CN202211413019.XA CN115836608A (en) | 2022-11-11 | 2022-11-11 | Soil fertility improvement and planting method for saline-alkali soil of farmland |
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| CN202211413019.XA CN115836608A (en) | 2022-11-11 | 2022-11-11 | Soil fertility improvement and planting method for saline-alkali soil of farmland |
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