CN114807088B - 一种提高植酸酶热稳定性的方法及突变体APPAmut6和应用 - Google Patents
一种提高植酸酶热稳定性的方法及突变体APPAmut6和应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN114807088B CN114807088B CN202210739858.4A CN202210739858A CN114807088B CN 114807088 B CN114807088 B CN 114807088B CN 202210739858 A CN202210739858 A CN 202210739858A CN 114807088 B CN114807088 B CN 114807088B
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Abstract
本发明涉及基因工程领域,具体涉及一种提高植酸酶热稳定性的方法及突变体和应用。本发明对植酸酶进行了系列突变,这些突变通过降低解折叠自由能,从而显著提高了酶的热稳定性。本发明对植酸酶APPAmut4进行突变,植酸酶突变体与亲本相比,植酸酶热稳定性增强,突变体APPAmut6的t 1/2值增长到35.5 min,提高约10倍。本发明克服了现有技术的不足,提供了具有高热稳定性的适合于在能源、食品和饲料等领域中应用的植酸酶突变体。因此,本发明提供的植酸酶突变体可以很好的应用于能源、食品和饲料行业中,有广阔的应用前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及基因工程领域,具体涉及一种提高植酸酶热稳定性的方法及突变体APPAmut6和应用。
背景技术
植酸酶(Phytase),即肌醇六磷酸磷酸水解酶(myo-inositol hexakisphosphatephosphohydrolases)是一类能够催化植酸盐水解为肌醇、肌醇磷酸酯和无机磷酸盐的磷酸酶。植酸酶在食品加工、环境保护、生物燃料生产等多种行业中存在广泛应用价值,目前最常见的则是作为饲料添加剂。鉴于饲料制粒加工过程瞬时高温的工艺要求,耐热性成为制约植酸酶工业应用的瓶颈问题之一。
解折叠自由能ΔG反映了蛋白质折叠态和解折叠态之间吉布斯自由能的差异,是反映蛋白质热稳定性的重要指标,差值越大,蛋白质变性所需能量越高,代表蛋白质越稳定。因此通过分析突变前后ΔG的变化(即ΔΔG),可以确定某些位点突变对蛋白质的热稳定性的影响。然而,目前ΔG存在多种不同的计算方法,如可以通过计算氢键、盐键等能量之和获得,也可以通过计算原子势和扭转角势获得,且不同方法所得结果存在差异。因此可以选择不同方法分别对蛋白质突变前后的ΔΔG进行计算,之后对所得结果进行统计分析及实验验证,以获得热稳定性提高的植酸酶突变体。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供以来源于Yersinia intermedia植酸酶APPAmut4为母本获得的热稳定性提高的突变体。
本发明的再一目的是提供上述植酸酶突变体的编码基因。
本发明的再一目的是提供包含上述植酸酶突变体编码基因的重组载体。
本发明的再一目的是提供包含上述植酸酶突变体编码基因的重组菌株。
本发明的再一目的是提供一种制备热稳定性提高的植酸酶的方法。
本发明的再一目的是提供上述植酸酶突变体的应用。
本发明对来源于Yersinia intermedia植酸酶APPAmut4进行突变,得到热稳定性提高的植酸酶突变体,其中,APPAmut4的氨基酸序列如SEQ ID NO:1所示。
根据本申请的热稳定性提高的植酸酶突变体,所述突变体的氨基酸序列为SEQ IDNO:1所示氨基酸序列突变序列,其中,SEQ ID NO:1所示氨基酸序列的突变位点为选自以下突变位点之一或任意组合:
第65位氨基酸由G突变为R;
第89位氨基酸由A突变为V;
第282位氨基酸由E突变为L;
第339位氨基酸由G突变为V;
第365位氨基酸由G突变为D;或
第405位氨基酸由Q突变为L。
根据本申请的技术方案,同时将APPAmut4的第65位氨基酸由G突变为R,第89位氨基酸由A突变为V,第282位氨基酸由E突变为L,第339位氨基酸由G突变为V,第365位氨基酸由G突变为D,第405位氨基酸由Q突变为L,得到突变体APPAmut6。
根据本发明的具体实施方式,所述APPAmut4的突变体APPAmut6的氨基酸序列SEQID NO:2所示。
根据本发明的具体实施方式,植酸酶APPAmut4的基因序列如SEQ ID NO:3所示。
本发明提供了编码上述植酸酶突变体的基因。
根据本发明的具体实施方式,植酸酶突变体APPAmut6的编码基因序列如SEQ IDNO:4所示。
根据本发明的提高植酸酶的热稳定性的方法包括以下步骤:
将氨基酸序列如SEQ ID NO:1所示的植酸酶至少进行以下突变之一或任意组合:
第65位氨基酸由G突变为R;
第89位氨基酸由A突变为V;
第282位氨基酸由E突变为L;
第339位氨基酸由G突变为V;
第365位氨基酸由G突变为D;或
第405位氨基酸由Q突变为L。
根据本申请的提高植酸酶的热稳定性的方法,包括以下步骤,同时将氨基酸序列如SEQ ID NO:1所示的植酸酶进行以下突变:
同时将APPAmut4的第65位氨基酸由G突变为R,第89位氨基酸由A突变为V,第282位氨基酸由E突变为L,第339位氨基酸由G突变为V,第365位氨基酸由G突变为D,第405位氨基酸由Q突变为L,得到突变体APPAmut6。
本发明提供了包含上述植酸酶突变体的编码基因的重组载体。
本发明还提供了包含上述植酸酶突变体的编码基因的重组菌株。
根据本发明的具体实施方式,制备热稳定性提高的植酸酶的方法如下所述:
(1)用含有植酸酶突变体的编码基因的重组载体转化宿主细胞,得到重组菌株;
(2)培养重组菌株,诱导植酸酶表达;
(3)回收并纯化所表达的植酸酶。
本发明的有益效果:
本发明对植酸酶进行了系列突变,这些突变通过降低解折叠自由能,从而显著提高了酶的热稳定性。本发明对植酸酶APPAmut4进行突变,植酸酶突变体与亲本相比,植酸酶热稳定性增强,APPAmut4在65°C下处理10 min后,剩余酶活为12.3%,突变体APPAmut6剩余酶活为77.1%。本发明克服了现有技术的不足,提供了具有高热稳定性的适合于在能源、食品和饲料等领域中应用的植酸酶突变体。因此,本发明提供的植酸酶突变体可以很好的应用于能源、食品和饲料行业中,有广阔的应用前景。
附图说明
图1显示植酸酶APPAmut4与各单点突变体的最适温度对比;
图2显示植酸酶APPAmut4与组合突变体APPAmut6的最适温度对比;
图3显示植酸酶APPAmut4与各单点突变体在65 °C下处理的热稳定性对比;
图4显示植酸酶APPAmut4与组合突变体APPAmut6在65 °C下处理的热稳定性对比;
图5显示植酸酶APPAmut4与突变体在65 °C下的t 1/2对比。
具体实施方式
试验材料和试剂:
1、菌株及载体:表达宿主为Pichia pastoris GS115,表达质粒载体为pPICZαA。
2、酶类及其它生化试剂:限制性内切酶等试剂均可从普通生化试剂公司购买得到)。
3、培养基:
(1)大肠杆菌培养基低盐LB(LLB)(1 %蛋白胨、0.5 %酵母提取物、0.5 % NaCl,pH自然);
(2)毕赤酵母培养基YPD(1%酵母提取物,2%蛋白胨,2%葡萄糖,pH自然);
(3)BMGY培养基(1%酵母提取物,2%蛋白胨,1%甘油,1.34% YNB,0.00004%生物素,pH自然);
(4)BMMY培养基(1%酵母提取物,2%蛋白胨,0.5%甲醇,1.34% YNB,0.00004%生物素,pH自然);
说明:以下实施例中未作具体说明的分子生物学实验方法,均参照《分子克隆实验指南》(第三版)J.萨姆布鲁克一书中所列的具体方法进行,或者按照试剂盒和产品说明书进行。
植酸酶活性测定方法:
将酶液用0.1 mol/L含有0.05% BSA和0.05% Triton X-100的pH 5.5 HAc-NaAc缓冲液进行稀释,将100 µL稀释后的酶液加入到900 µL植酸钠底物(用0.1 mol/L的pH 5.5的HAc-NaAc缓冲液配制)中,在37°C反应10 min,加入1 mL 10%(W/V)TCA终止反应,最后加入1 mL显色液[1%(W/V)四水合钼酸铵,3.2%(V/V)浓硫酸,7.32%(W/V)硫酸亚铁]进行显色。对照则是在加酶液之前先加入TCA混匀使酶变性,其他相同。显色后,在700 nm光吸收下测定OD值,计算酶活。
实施例1、植酸酶的定点突变
以来源于Yersinia intermedia的植酸酶APPAmut4作为母本,将氨基酸序列如SEQID NO:1所示的植酸酶APPAmut4进行以下定点突变:
第65位氨基酸由G突变为R;
第89位氨基酸由A突变为V;
第282位氨基酸由E突变为L;
第339位氨基酸由G突变为V;
第365位氨基酸由G突变为D;
第405位氨基酸由Q突变为L。
同时进行上述突变得到突变体APPAmut6。
定点突变参照Fast Mutagenesis System(北京全式金生物技术有限公司)说明书进行,引物如下表所示,通过PCR的方法进行相应突变体的构建。
表1 定点突变所需引物
实施例2、植酸酶工程菌株的构建
以质粒pPICZαA-appamut4为模板,使用含有相应突变位点的引物进行PCR扩增。之后对PCR扩增产物进行1%琼脂糖凝胶电泳分析,若条带大小与理论值一致,则表明PCR反应成功获得了目的产物。为了消除模板质粒对后续实验的干扰,根据模板质粒与PCR产物的甲基化差异,向PCR体系中加入1 µL限制性内切酶Dpn I,37 °C酶切1~2 h。之后取10 µL产物转化大肠杆菌DMT感受态细胞。待测序正确后,提取重组质粒,利用限制性内切酶Pme I进行线性化,产物纯化回收并电击转化毕赤酵母GS115感受态细胞,获得毕赤酵母重组表达菌株。
实施例3、APPAmut4及突变体植酸酶的制备
(1)蛋白的诱导表达
将得到的重组表达菌株接种至YPD培养基中进行种子培养,200 rpm,30 °C培养48h后,以1%接种量转接至BMGY培养基中,200 rpm,30°C培养48 h。之后4500 rpm离心5 min,弃上清,收集菌体并加入含有0.5%甲醇的BMMY培养基进行诱导表达,每12 h补加0.5%甲醇,共诱导48 h。
(2)蛋白的纯化
将诱导表达后的菌液12000 rpm离心10 min,收集上清进行浓缩,再用20 mM pH8.0 Tris-HCl进行透析。然后将透析后的酶液进行阴离子交换层析,A液为20 mM pH 8.0Tris-HCl,B液为A液加1 M NaCl,纯化蛋白,收集洗脱液,进行SDS-PAGE分析。
实施例4、APPAmut4及突变体植酸酶的性质测定
(1)最适温度测定
在0.1mol/L pH 5.5 HAc-NaAc缓冲液条件下,分别在不同温度(30 °C、35 °C、40°C、45 °C、50 °C、55°C、60 °C、65 °C和70 °C)下对APPAmut4和突变体的酶活性进行测定来确定最适温度,最适温度对应活性定义为100%,依次计算其余温度下的剩余酶活。如图1所示,APPAmut4的最适温度为55 °C,单点突变体G339V的最适温度降为45 °C,其余单点突变体的最适温度保持不变。对于组合突变体APPAmut6,如图2所示,其最适温度为45 °C。
(2)热稳定性测定
将纯化所得蛋白用0.1 mol/L含有0.05% BSA和0.05% Triton X-100的pH 5.5HAc-NaAc缓冲液稀释至合适倍数后,取100 μL于1.5 mL EP管中,分别在65 °C下保温不同时间(0、2、5、10、15和30 min),之后测定对应酶活,以保温0 min的活性为100%,计算不同保温时间下的剩余酶活。
如图3所示,APPAmut4在65 °C下处理10 min后,剩余酶活为12.3%,而各单点突变体的剩余酶活则在17.7%~30.7%之间;如图4所示,组合突变体APPAmut6在65°C下处理10min后剩余酶活为77.1%。
半衰期t 1/2是指在给定温度下,初始活性降低50%所需的时间,由以下公式计算得出:
其中,k d为失活速率常数,可以通过线性回归获得:
式中,At是指剩余活性,A0是初始活性,t是在所研究温度下的处理时间。
半衰期t 1/2是酶的热稳定性常用表征参数之一,其值越大,代表酶热稳定性越好。如图5所示,APPAmut4在65 °C下的t 1/2值为3.4 min,而突变体的t 1/2值则不同程度提升,在4.8~35.5 min之间,分别提高了1.4~32.1 min。其中组合突变体APPAmut6在65°C下的t 1/2值最高,约为APPAmut4的10倍,表明其热稳定性提升显著。
(3)动力学参数测定
配制不同浓度的植酸钠(0.05-1.00 mM)作为底物,在37 °C、pH 5.5条件下进行植酸酶的活性测定。之后使用软件GraphPad Prism进行数据处理,拟合米氏方程并计算出K m和k cat值。如表2所示,APPAmut4的K m为0.14 mM,突变体G65R的K m为0.22 mM,表明其底物亲和力下降;其余突变体的K m值与APPAmut4基本一致,在0.14~0.16 mM之间。对于V max值,突变体G339V为1614 μmol/min/mg,较APPAmut4降低约29%,其余突变体则保持不变或是有所提高。对于催化效率k cat/K m,APPAmut4的催化效率k cat/K m为12322 /mM/s,突变体G65R和G339V分别降低至9009和7587 /mM/s,催化活性降低;其余突变体的k cat/K m则没有显著变化,表明突变未影响植酸酶的催化功能。
表2 APPAmut4和突变体的动力学参数
以上实施例仅用于理解本申请的技术方案,不限定本申请的保护范围。
序列表
<110> 中国农业科学院北京畜牧兽医研究所
<120> 一种提高植酸酶热稳定性的方法及突变体APPAmut6和应用
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Claims (8)
1.一种热稳定性提高的植酸酶突变体,其特征在于,所述突变体的氨基酸序列为SEQID NO:1所示氨基酸序列的突变序列,其中,SEQ ID NO:1所示氨基酸序列的突变位点为以下突变位点之一:
第65位氨基酸由G突变为R;
第89位氨基酸由A突变为V;
第282位氨基酸由E突变为L;
第339位氨基酸由G突变为V;
第365位氨基酸由G突变为D;或
第405位氨基酸由Q突变为L。
2.一种热稳定性提高的植酸酶突变体,其特征在于,所述植酸酶突变体的氨基酸序列如SEQ ID NO:2所示。
3.一种植酸酶基因,其特征在于,编码权利要求1或2所述的热稳定性提高的植酸酶突变体。
4.一种包含权利要求3所述植酸酶基因的重组表达载体。
5.一种包含权利要求3所述植酸酶基因的重组菌株。
6.一种提高植酸酶的热稳定的方法,其特征在于,所述方法为对氨基酸序列如SEQ IDNO:1所示的植酸酶进行以下任一突变:
第65位氨基酸由G突变为R;
第89位氨基酸由A突变为V;
第282位氨基酸由E突变为L;
第339位氨基酸由G突变为V;
第365位氨基酸由G突变为D;或
第405位氨基酸由Q突变为L。
7.一种提高植酸酶的热稳定的方法,其特征在于,所述方法为同时突变SEQ ID NO:1所示植酸酶的以下位点:
第65位氨基酸由G突变为R,第89位氨基酸由A突变为V,第282位氨基酸由E突变为L,第339位氨基酸由G突变为V,第365位氨基酸由G突变为D,以及第405位氨基酸由Q突变为L。
8.一种权利要求1或2所述的热稳定性提高的植酸酶突变体用于非治疗和诊断目的水解植酸的应用。
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