CN114805267A - 一种发光辅助层材料、发光器件和发光装置 - Google Patents
一种发光辅助层材料、发光器件和发光装置 Download PDFInfo
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- CN114805267A CN114805267A CN202210387288.7A CN202210387288A CN114805267A CN 114805267 A CN114805267 A CN 114805267A CN 202210387288 A CN202210387288 A CN 202210387288A CN 114805267 A CN114805267 A CN 114805267A
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- 239000011133 lead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001819 mass spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000019713 millet Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002790 naphthalenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002560 nitrile group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WCPAKWJPBJAGKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxadiazole Chemical compound C1=CON=N1 WCPAKWJPBJAGKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002964 pentacenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- FVDOBFPYBSDRKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic acid Chemical compound C=12C3=CC=C(C(O)=O)C2=C(C(O)=O)C=CC=1C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C2=C1C3=CC=C2C(=O)O FVDOBFPYBSDRKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000005041 phenanthrolines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 108091008695 photoreceptors Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229920000767 polyaniline Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000128 polypyrrole Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000005036 potential barrier Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000750 progressive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003220 pyrenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003230 pyrimidines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003248 quinolines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003252 quinoxalines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007650 screen-printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003808 silyl group Chemical group [H][Si]([H])([H])[*] 0.000 description 1
- 238000004528 spin coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- IBBLKSWSCDAPIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiopyran Chemical compound S1C=CC=C=C1 IBBLKSWSCDAPIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003852 triazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NAWDYIZEMPQZHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ytterbium Chemical compound [Yb] NAWDYIZEMPQZHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- YVTHLONGBIQYBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc indium(3+) oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O--].[Zn++].[In+3] YVTHLONGBIQYBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本申请适用于材料技术领域,提供了一种发光辅助层材料、发光器件和发光装置,本申请提供的发光辅助层材料可以同时应用于红光和绿光有机电致发光器件,有效提升OLED器件的寿命和发光效率,降低驱动电压,满足面板制造企业的要求。
Description
技术领域
本申请属于材料技术领域,尤其涉及一种发光辅助层材料、发光器件和发光装置。
背景技术
有机电致发光显示器(OLED)是主动发光显示装置。其具有自发光、颜色鲜艳亮丽、厚度薄、质量轻、响应速度快、视角广、驱动电压低、耐受苛刻自然条件、可做成柔性面板等特点,目前中小尺寸的OLED显示屏已经在华为、小米、三星等公司出品的高端智能手机上得到了大规模的应用,在低工作电压条件下获得器件的最佳发光效率是OLED领域的普遍需求。
有机电致发光器件通常具有如下结构:阳极、阴极以及介于两者之间的有机材料层。为了提高有机EL元件的效率和稳定性,有机材料层由不同功能层构成,例如空穴注入层(HIL)、空穴传输层(HTL)、发光辅助层、电子阻挡层、发光层、空穴阻挡层、电子传输层(ETL)和电子注入层(EIL)。
发光辅助层设置在在空穴传输层和发光层之间,能够起到减少空穴传输层与发光层之间的势垒,降低有机电致发光器件的驱动电压的作用,进一步增加空穴的利用率,从而改善器件的发光效率和寿命,降低驱动电压。但是现有能够形成发光辅助层的功能材料较少,特别是OLED的寿命和发光效率提升不明显,导致因此开发更高性能的有机功能材料,满足面板制造企业的要求,显得尤为重要。
发明内容
本申请的目的在于提供一种发光辅助层材料,旨在解决现有的发光辅助层材料存在对器件寿命与发光效率提升效果差的问题。
本申请是这样实现的,一种发光辅助层材料,所述发光辅助层材料的结构如通式I所示:
其中通式I中,n选自1、2、3、4的整数;
R1在所在苯环上进行任意取代;R1为氢、甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、叔丁基中的一种;
R2为甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基中的一种;
环A为临近苯环稠合的苯基;
X为O、S,-C(CH3)2-中的一种;
Y为单键,O、S,-CR3R4-、-NR5-中的一种;
Ar1独立的选自取代或未取代的C6-C18芳基、取代或未取代的环碳原子数为3-18的杂芳基。
本申请的另一目的在于一种发光器件,所述发光器件包括所述的发光辅助层材料。
本申请的另一目的在于一种发光装置,所述发光装置包括所述的发光辅助层或者所述的发光器件。
本申请提供的发光辅助层材料可以同时应用于红光和绿光有机电致发光器件,有效提升OLED器件的寿命和发光效率,降低驱动电压,满足面板制造企业的要求。
附图说明
图1是本申请实施例1提供的化合物2的核磁共振氢谱图;
图2是本申请实施例3提供的化合物46的核磁共振氢谱图;
图3是本申请实施例4提供的化合物76的核磁共振氢谱图。
具体实施方式
为了使本申请的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白,以下结合附图及实施例,对本申请进行进一步详细说明。应当理解,此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本申请,并不用于限定本申请。
本申请提供了一种发光辅助层材料,其结构式如下通式I所示:
其中,
n选自1,2,3,4的整数;
R1在所在苯环上进行任意取代;
R1各自独立的选自氢,甲基,乙基,丙基,异丙基,叔丁基;
R2各自独立的选自甲基,乙基,丙基,异丙基;
环A为临近苯环稠合的苯基;
X选自O,S,-C(CH3)2-;
Y选自单键,O,S,-CR3R4-,-NR5-;
R3-R4各自独立的选自C1-C6的烷基,取代或未取代的C6-C18芳基,取代或未取代的环碳原子数为3-18的杂芳基,其中杂芳基中的杂原子可以为O,S,N:
R5独立的选自取代或未取代的C6-C18芳基,取代或未取代的环碳原子数为3-18的杂芳基,其中杂芳基中的杂原子可以为O,S,N;
Ar1选自取代或未取代的C6-C18芳基,取代或未取代的环碳原子数为3-18的杂芳基;
进一步,式I具有通式I-1~I-5所示结构:
n选自1,2;
X选自O,-C(CH3)2-;
R3-R4各自独立的选自甲基,乙基,丙基,苯基,萘基,菲基,联苯基,三联苯基,甲基苯基,吡啶基,苯基吡啶基;
R5独立的选自苯基,萘基,甲基苯基,联苯基,二甲基芴基,二苯并呋喃基,二苯并噻吩基;
Ar1独立的选自如下基团:
更进一步,通式I具有式I-6~I-11所示结构:
在本说明书中,术语“经取代或未取代的”意指被选自以下的一个、两个或更多个取代基取代:氘;卤素基团;腈基;甲硅烷基;硼基;C1-C6的烷基;C3-C10环烷基;C6-C18的芳基;C3-C30的杂环基,或者被以上所示的取代基中的两个或更多个取代基相连接的取代基取代,或者不具有取代基。
进一步,通式I表示的化合物可以通过以下化合物具体举例说明,但不限于此。
本申请的发光辅助层材料可通过所属领域的技术人员已知的合成方法制备。或者,优选以下反应流程来进行制备。
通式I合成路线如下:
(1)Y为单键时:
步骤1:
在反应容器中加入反应物B-I(1.1-1.2eq),加入THF搅拌至充分溶解,氮气置换三次,降温到-78℃,滴加n-BuLi(1.1-1.2eq),搅拌2-4h,反应物A-I(1.0eq)溶于四氢呋喃中,滴加至反应体系中,滴加完毕后升温至室温搅拌6-10h;缓慢加入稀盐酸终止反应,分液,收集有机相,水相用二氯甲烷萃取3次,合并有机相,加入无水硫酸钠干燥,通过旋转蒸发仪除去溶剂得到固体粉末,固体干燥后,得到中间体C-I。
步骤2:
N2保护下,在反应容器中加入中间体C-I(1.0eq),溶于HOAC中,升温到100-105℃,滴加H2SO4,搅拌反应1-2h,冷却至室温,加入饱和碳酸氢钠溶液终止反应,分液,水相用二氯甲烷萃取,收集有机相,加入无水硫酸镁干燥,通过旋转蒸发仪除去溶剂,固体干燥后,得到中间体D-I。
步骤3:
N2保护下,在反应容器中加入中间体D-I(1.0eq)和反应物E-I(1.1-1.4eq)溶于甲苯之后,加入Pd2(dba)3(0.01-0.03eq)、P(t-Bu)3(0.05-0.1eq)、t-BuONa(2.0-2.4eq)。添加后,升温到105-115℃,反应6-10h。使用硅藻土趁热抽滤,除去盐和催化剂,滤液冷却至室温后,使用旋转式蒸发器去除溶剂,得到的固体干燥后过硅胶漏斗,以二氯甲烷:石油醚体积比为1∶(1-4)作为洗脱剂,滤液用旋转式蒸发器去除,得到的固体干燥,获得通式I。
(2)Y不为单键时:
步骤1:
在反应容器中加入反应物b-I(1.1-1.2eq),加入THF搅拌至充分溶解,氮气置换三次,降温到-78℃,滴加n-BuLi(1.1-1.2eq),搅拌2-3h,反应物a-I(1.0eq)溶于四氢呋喃中,滴加至反应体系中,滴加完毕后升温至室温搅拌6-10h;缓慢加入稀盐酸终止反应,分液,收集有机相,水相用二氯甲烷萃取3次,合并有机相,加入无水硫酸钠干燥,通过旋转蒸发仪除去溶剂得到固体粉末,固体干燥后,得到中间体c-I。
步骤2:
在反应容器中加入中间体c-I(1.0eq)加入三口瓶中,加入二氯甲烷搅拌至充分溶解,降温至-10~-20℃,加入三乙基硅(Triethylsilane)(0.05-0.07eq),搅拌30-60min,加入三氟甲磺酸(TfOH)(0.04-0.06eq),升至室温搅拌过夜,加水终止反应,分液,收集有机相,水相用二氯甲烷萃取三次,合并有机相,加入无水硫酸钠干燥,通过旋转蒸发仪除去溶剂得到固体粉末,固体干燥后,得到中间体d-I。
步骤3:
在反应容器中加入中间体d-I(1.1-1.2eq),加入四氢呋喃搅拌至充分溶解,加入叔丁醇钾(2.0-2.4eq)搅拌2-3h,缓慢滴加反应物e-I(5.0-6eq),回流搅拌过夜,冷却至室温,加入饱和氯化铵溶液淬灭反应,分液,收集有机相,水相用二氯甲烷萃取3次,合并有机相,加入无水硫酸钠干燥,通过旋转蒸发仪除去溶剂得到固体粉末,固体干燥后,得到中间体f-I。
步骤4:
N2保护下,在反应容器中加入中间体f-I(1.0eq)和反应物g-I(1.1-1.4eq)溶于甲苯之后,加入Pd2(dba)3(0.01-0.02eq)、P(t-Bu)3(0.05-0.1eq)、t-BuONa(2.0-2.4eq)。添加后,升温到105-115℃,反应6-10h。使用硅藻土趁热抽滤,除去盐和催化剂,滤液冷却至室温后,使用旋转式蒸发器去除溶剂,得到的固体干燥后过硅胶漏斗,以二氯甲烷∶石油醚体积比为1∶(1-4)作为洗脱剂,滤液用旋转式蒸发器去除,得到的固体干燥,获得通式I。
本申请还提供了一种发光器件,可以具有包含空穴注入层、空穴传输层、电子阻挡层、发光辅助层、发光层、空穴阻挡层、电子传输层、电子注入层、盖帽层等作为有机物层的结构。但是,发光器件的结构并不限于此,可以包含数量更少或更多的有机层。
根据本说明书的一个实施方式,上述有机物层包含发光辅助层,发光辅助层包含本申请制备的通式I所示化合物。
关于上述通式I所表示的化合物,在制造发光器件时,可以利用真空蒸镀法,也可以利用溶液涂布法来形成有机物层。其中,所谓溶液涂布法是指旋涂法、浸涂法、刮涂法、喷墨印刷法、丝网印刷法、喷雾法、辊涂法等,但并非仅限于此。
本申请的发光器件根据所使用的材料,可以为顶部发光型、底部发光型或双向发光型。
本申请还提供了一种发光装置,所述发光装置包括上述的发光器件。
具体地,上述的发光器件可应用在有机发光器件(OLED)、有机太阳电池(OSC)、电子纸(e-paper)、有机感光体(OPC)或有机薄膜晶体管(OTFT)等上。
作为阳极物质,通常为了使空穴能够顺利地向有机物层注入,优选为功函数大的物质。作为本申请中可使用的阳极物质的具体例,有钒、铬、铜、锌、金等金属或它们的合金;氧化锌、氧化铟、氧化铟锡(ITO)、氧化铟锌(IZO)等金属氧化物;ZnO∶A1或SnO2∶Sb等金属与氧化物的组合;聚吡咯及聚苯胺等导电性高分子等。
空穴注入层优选为P掺杂的空穴注入层,P掺杂的空穴注入层意指掺杂有P掺杂剂的空穴注入层。P掺杂剂是能够赋予P型半导体特性的材料。P型半导体特性意指在HOMO能级下注入空穴或传输空穴的特性,即具有高空穴传导率的材料的特性。
P掺杂的P掺杂剂可以通过下列化合物举例说明,但不仅限于此。
空穴传输层放置在阳极与发光层之间,它可以用于促进空穴注入和/或空穴传输,或用于防止电子溢出。
空穴传输层材料,可以选自芳基胺系衍生物、导电性高分子、以及同时存在共轭部分和非共轭部分的嵌段共聚物等,具体的,空穴传输层材料选自如下化合物,但并非仅限于此。
本申请通式I所示化合物作为发光辅助层。
发光层的发光物质,是能够分别接收来自空穴传输层和电子传输层的空穴和电子并使其结合而发出可见光区域的光的物质,优选为对于荧光或磷光的量子效率高的物质。
发光层可以包含主体材料和掺杂剂材料。
主体材料和掺杂材料的质量比为90-99.5∶0.5-10。
主体材料有芳香族稠环衍生物或含杂环化合物等。具体而言,作为芳香族稠环衍生物,有蒽衍生物、芘衍生物、萘衍生物、并五苯衍生物、菲化合物、荧蒽化合物等,作为含杂环化合物,有咔唑衍生物、二苯并呋喃衍生物、嘧啶衍生物等,具体的,本申请主体材料选自如下化合物,但并非仅限于此。
本申请掺杂剂材料包括荧光掺杂和磷光掺杂,可以选自芳香族胺衍生物、苯乙烯基胺化合物、硼配合物、荧蒽化合物、金属配合物等。具体的,本申请掺杂材料选自如下化合物,但并非仅限于此。
电子传输区域可以包括电子缓冲层、空穴阻挡层、电子传输层和电子注入层中的至少一个,并且优选电子传输层和电子注入层中的至少一个。电子传输区域是能够改善在制造面板的过程期间当装置暴露于高温时由于装置中的电流特性的变化而导致发光亮度劣化的问题的层,并且它可以控制电荷流动特性。
电子传输层(空穴阻挡层)的材料,噁唑,咪唑,噻唑,三嗪等衍生物,金属螯合物,喹啉衍生物,喔啉衍生物,二氮蒽衍生物,二氮菲衍生物,含硅的杂环化合物,全氟化的寡聚物等,具体的,电子传输层材料选自如下化合物,但并非仅限于此。
电子注入层的材料包括噻喃二氧化物、噁唑、噁二唑、三唑、咪唑、苝四羧酸、亚芴基甲烷、蒽酮以及它们的衍生物、镁、钙、钠、钾、钛、铟、钇、锂、钆、铝、银、锡、镱等金属或它们的合金,金属配合物或含氮5元环衍生物等,但并不限于此。
阴极物质,通常为了使电子容易地向有机物层注入,优选为功函数小的物质。作为阴极物质的具体例,有镁、钙、钠、钾、钛、铟、钇、锂、钆、铝、银、锡及铅等金属或它们的合金:LiF/A1或LiO2/A1,Mg/Ag等多层结构物质等。
除本申请所公开的发光辅助层中包含通式I所示的化合物,OLED器件中对于其他层材料并无特殊限制。可以使用现有的空穴注入材料、空穴输送材料、掺杂剂材料、空穴阻挡层材料、电子传输层材料和电子注入材料。
下面对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本申请一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本申请保护的范围。
另外,需要说明的是,以下实施例中所给出的数值是尽可能精确,但是本领域技术人员理解由于不可能避免的测量误差和实验操作问题,每一个数字都应该被理解为约数,而不是绝对准确的数值。
实施例1:化合物2的合成
步骤1:
在反应容器中加入反应物B-2(55mmol),加入THF(300mL)搅拌至充分溶解,氮气置换三次,降温到-78℃,滴加n-BuLi(55mmol),在-78℃下搅拌2h,反应物A-2(50mmol)溶于四氢呋喃中,滴加至反应体系中,滴加完毕后升温至室温搅拌8h;缓慢加入稀盐酸终止反应,分液,收集有机相,水相用二氯甲烷萃取3次,合并有机相,加入无水硫酸钠干燥,通过旋转蒸发仪除去溶剂得到固体粉末,固体干燥后,得到中间体C-2(13.60g,产率:88%,Mw:309.07)。
步骤2:
N2保护下,在反应容器中加入中间体C-2(40mmol),溶于的HOAC(200mL)中,升温到100℃,滴加H2SO4(4mL),搅拌反应1h,冷却至室温,加入饱和碳酸氢钠溶液终止反应,分液,水相用二氯甲烷萃取,收集有机相,加入无水硫酸镁干燥,通过旋转蒸发仪除去溶剂,固体干燥后,得到中间体D-2(10.47g,产率:90%,Mw:290.94)。
步骤3
N2保护下,在反应容器中加入中间体D-2(34mmol)和反应物E-2(40.8mmol)溶于甲苯之后,加入Pd2(dba)3(0.34mmol)、P(t-Bu)3(1.7mmol)、t-BuONa(68mmol)。添加后,升温到105℃,反应8h。使用硅藻土趁热抽滤,除去盐和催化剂,滤液冷却至室温后,使用旋转式蒸发器去除溶剂,得到的固体干燥后过硅胶漏斗,以二氯甲烷∶石油醚体积比为1∶3作为洗脱剂,滤液用旋转式蒸发器去除,得到的固体干燥,获得化合物2(19.25g,产率:85%)。
表征:
HPLC纯度:>99.7%。
质谱测试:理论值为665.88;测试值为666.11
元素分析:
理论值:C,91.99;H,5.90;N,2.10
测试值:C,91.64;H,6.24;N,2.21
核磁共振氢谱:如图1所示。
实施例2:化合物26的合成
步骤1:
在反应容器中加入反应物B-26(55mmol),加入THF(300mL)搅拌至充分溶解,氮气置换三次,降温到-78℃,滴加n-BuLi(55mmol),在-78℃下搅拌2h,反应物A-26(50mmol)溶于四氢呋喃中,滴加至反应体系中,滴加完毕后升温至室温搅拌10h;缓慢加入稀盐酸终止反应,分液,收集有机相,水相用二氯甲烷萃取3次,合并有机相,加入无水硫酸钠干燥,通过旋转蒸发仪除去溶剂得到固体粉末,固体干燥后,得到中间体C-26(13.89g,产率:86%,Mw:323.02)。
步骤2:
N2保护下,在反应容器中加入中间体C-26(40mmol),溶于的HOAC(200mL)中,升温到100℃,滴加H2SO4(4mL),搅拌反应1h,冷却至室温,加入饱和碳酸氢钠溶液终止反应,分液,水相用二氯甲烷萃取,收集有机相,加入无水硫酸镁干燥,通过旋转蒸发仪除去溶剂,固体干燥后,得到中间体D-26(10.86g,产率:89%,Mw:305.02)。
步骤3
N2保护下,在反应容器中加入中间体D-26(34mmol)和反应物E-26(40.8mmol)溶于甲苯之后,加入Pd2(dba)3(0.34mmol)、P(t-Bu)3(1.7mmol)、t-BuONa(68mmol)。添加后,升温到105℃,反应8h。使用硅藻土趁热抽滤,除去盐和催化剂,滤液冷却至室温后,使用旋转式蒸发器去除溶剂,得到的固体干燥后过硅胶漏斗,以二氯甲烷∶石油醚体积比为1∶4作为洗脱剂,滤液用旋转式蒸发器去除,得到的固体干燥,获得化合物26(19.35g,产率:82%)。
表征:
HPLC纯度:>99.8%。
质谱测试:理论值为693.89;测试值为694.13
元素分析:
理论值:C,90.01;H,5.67;N,2.02;O,2.31
测试值:C,89.80;H,5.81;N,2.11;O,2.40。
实施例3:化合物46的合成
步骤1:
在反应容器中加入反应物B-46(55mmol),加入THF(300mL)搅拌至充分溶解,氮气置换三次,降温到-78℃,滴加n-BuLi(55mmol),在-78℃下搅拌2h,反应物A-46(50mmol)溶于四氢呋喃中,滴加至反应体系中,滴加完毕后升温至室温搅拌8h;缓慢加入稀盐酸终止反应,分液,收集有机相,水相用二氯甲烷萃取3次,合并有机相,加入无水硫酸钠干燥,通过旋转蒸发仪除去溶剂得到固体粉末,固体干燥后,得到中间体C-46(15.10g,产率:86%,Mw:351.21)。
步骤2:
N2保护下,在反应容器中加入中间体C-46(40mmol),溶于的HOAC(200mL)中,升温到100℃,滴加H2SO4(4mL),搅拌反应1h,冷却至室温,加入饱和碳酸氢钠溶液终止反应,分液,水相用二氯甲烷萃取,收集有机相,加入无水硫酸镁干燥,通过旋转蒸发仪除去溶剂,固体干燥后,得到中间体D-46(11.99g,产率:90%,Mw:333.18)。
步骤3
N2保护下,在反应容器中加入中间体D-46(34mmol)和反应物E-46(40.8mmol)溶于甲苯之后,加入Pd2(dba)3(0.34mmol)、P(t-Bu)3(1.7mmol)、t-BuONa(68mmol)。添加后,升温到105℃,反应8h。使用硅藻土趁热抽滤,除去盐和催化剂,滤液冷却至室温后,使用旋转式蒸发器去除溶剂,得到的固体干燥后过硅胶漏斗,以二氯甲烷:石油醚体积比为1∶2作为洗脱剂,滤液用旋转式蒸发器去除,得到的固体干燥,获得化合物46(18.74g,产率:84%)。
表征:
HPLC纯度:>99.7%。
质谱测试:理论值为655.84:测试值为656.15
元素分析:
理论值:C,89.74;H,5.69;N,2.14;O,2.44
测试值:C,89.47;H,5.89;N,2.22;O,2.51
核磁共振氢谱:如图2所示。
实施例4:化合物76的合成
步骤1:
在反应容器中加入反应物b-76(55mmol),加入THF搅拌至充分溶解,氮气置换三次,降温到-78℃,滴加n-BuLi(60mmol),搅拌2h,反应物a-76(50mmol)溶于四氢呋喃中,滴加至反应体系中,滴加完毕后升温至室温搅拌10h;缓慢加入稀盐酸终止反应,分液,收集有机相,水相用二氯甲烷萃取3次,合并有机相,加入无水硫酸钠干燥,通过旋转蒸发仪除去溶剂得到固体粉末,固体干燥后,得到中间体c-76(17.52g,产率:88%,Mw:398.23)。
步骤2:
在反应容器中加入中间体c-76(43mmol)加入三口瓶中,加入二氯甲烷搅拌至充分溶解,降温至-10℃,加入三乙基硅(Triethylsilane)(2.15mmol),搅拌30min,加入三氟甲磺酸(TfOH)(2.15mmol),升至室温搅拌过夜,加水终止反应,分液,收集有机相,水相用二氯甲烷萃取三次,合并有机相,加入无水硫酸钠干燥,通过旋转蒸发仪除去溶剂得到固体粉末,固体干燥后,得到中间体d-76(14.79g,产率:90%,Mw:382.16)。
步骤3:
在反应容器中加入中间体d-76(36mmol),加入四氢呋喃搅拌至充分溶解,加入叔丁醇钾(79.2mmol)搅拌2h,缓慢滴加反应物e-76(180mmol),回流搅拌过夜,冷却至室温,加入饱和氯化铵溶液淬灭反应,分液,收集有机相,水相用二氯甲烷萃取3次,合并有机相,加入无水硫酸钠干燥,通过旋转蒸发仪除去溶剂得到固体粉末,固体干燥后,得到中间体f-76(12.41g,产率:87%,Mw:396.25)。
步骤4:
N2保护下,在反应容器中加入中间体f-76(31mmol)和反应物g-76(34.1mmol)溶于甲苯之后,加入Pd2(dba)3(0.31mmol)、P(t-Bu)3(1.55mmol)、t-BuONa(68.2mmol)。添加后,升温到110℃,反应8h。使用硅藻土趁热抽滤,除去盐和催化剂,滤液冷却至室温后,使用旋转式蒸发器去除溶剂,得到的固体干燥后过硅胶漏斗,以二氯甲烷:石油醚体积比为1∶3作为洗脱剂,滤液用旋转式蒸发器去除,得到的固体干燥,获得化合物76(17.45g,产率:81%)。
表征:
HPLC纯度:>99.7%。
质谱测试:理论值为694.92;测试值为695.03
元素分析:
理论值:C,89.88;H,6.09;N,4.03
测试值:C,89.70;H,6.30;N,4.11
核磁共振氢谱:如图3所示。
实施例5:化合物117的合成
步骤1:
在反应容器中加入反应物b-117(55mmol),加入THF搅拌至充分溶解,氮气置换三次,降温到-78℃,滴加n-BuLi(60mmol),搅拌2h,反应物a-117(50mmol)溶于四氢呋喃中,滴加至反应体系中,滴加完毕后升温至室温搅拌10h;缓慢加入稀盐酸终止反应,分液,收集有机相,水相用二氯甲烷萃取3次,合并有机相,加入无水硫酸钠干燥,通过旋转蒸发仪除去溶剂得到固体粉末,固体干燥后,得到中间体c-117(17.72g,产率:86%,Mw:412.22)。
步骤2:
在反应容器中加入中间体c-117(43mmol)加入三口瓶中,加入二氯甲烷搅拌至充分溶解,降温至-10℃,加入三乙基硅(Triethylsilane)(2.15mmol),搅拌30min,加入三氟甲磺酸(TfOH)(2.15mmol),升至室温搅拌过夜,加水终止反应,分液,收集有机相,水相用二氯甲烷萃取三次,合并有机相,加入无水硫酸钠干燥,通过旋转蒸发仪除去溶剂得到固体粉末,固体干燥后,得到中间体d-117(14.31g,产率:84%,Mw:396.08)。
步骤3:
在反应容器中加入中间体d-117(36mmol),加入四氢呋喃搅拌至充分溶解,加入叔丁醇钾(79.2mmol)搅拌2h,缓慢滴加反应物e-117(180mmol),回流搅拌过夜,冷却至室温,加入饱和氯化铵溶液淬灭反应,分液,收集有机相,水相用二氯甲烷萃取3次,合并有机相,加入无水硫酸钠干燥,通过旋转蒸发仪除去溶剂得到固体粉末,固体干燥后,得到中间体f-117(11.44g,产率:88%,Mw:361.08)。
步骤4:
N2保护下,在反应容器中加入中间体f-117(31mmol)和反应物g-117(34.1mmol)溶于甲苯之后,加入Pd2(dba)3(0.31mmol)、P(t-Bu)3(1.55mmol)、t-BuONa(68.2mmol)。添加后,升温到110℃,反应8h。使用硅藻土趁热抽滤,除去盐和催化剂,滤液冷却至室温后,使用旋转式蒸发器去除溶剂,得到的固体干燥后过硅胶漏斗,以二氯甲烷:石油醚体积比为1:3作为洗脱剂,滤液用旋转式蒸发器去除,得到的固体干燥,获得化合物117(20.23g,产率:83%)。
表征:
HPLC纯度:>99.8%。
质谱测试:理论值为786.08;测试值为786.30
元素分析:
理论值:C,91.68;H,6.54;N,1.78
测试值:C,91.54;H,6.71;N,1.82。
实施例6-实施例46
参照实施例1至5的合成方法完成对化合物1,3,4,6,7,8,11,12,13,15,16,17,19,20,22,24,27,28,31,32,35,39,40,44,48,51,53,57,64,67,72,73,75,80,85,91,95,104,111,124,129的合成,对应质谱、分子式如下表1所示。
表1
另外,需要说明,本申请其他化合物参照上述所列举的实施例的合成方法即可获得,所以在此不再一一例举。
应用例1红光有机电致发光器件制备:
a、ITO阳极:将涂层厚度为150nm的ITO(氧化铟锡)-Ag-ITO(氧化铟锡)玻璃基板在蒸馏水中清洗2次,超声波洗涤30min,再用蒸馏水反复清洗2次,超声波洗涤10min,洗涤结束后,然后转移至等甩干机内进行甩干,最后用真空烘箱220℃烘烤2小时,烘烤结束后降温即可使用。以该基板为阳极,使用蒸镀机进行蒸镀器件工艺,在其上依次蒸镀其它功能层。
e、EML(发光层):然后在上述发光辅助层上,以的蒸镀速率,真空蒸镀厚度为40nm的主体材料Host-15和掺杂材料Dopant-R-1作为发光层。其中Host-15和Dopant-R-1的蒸镀速率比为97∶3。
k、将蒸镀完成的基板进行封装。首先采用涂胶设备将清洗后盖板用UV胶进行涂覆工艺,然后将涂覆完成的盖板移至压合工段,将蒸镀完成的基板置于盖板上端,最后将基板和盖板在贴合设备作用下进行贴合,同时完成对UV胶光照固化。
红光器件结构:ITO/Ag/ITO/HT1-7:P-9(10nm)/HT1-7(125nm)/化合物1(100nm)/Host-15:Dopant-R-1(40nm)/HB(5nm)/ET-10:Liq(30nm)/Yb(1nm)/Mg:Ag(18nm)/CPL(70nm)。
各层所需材料如下:
应用例2-33
按照上述有机电致发光器件的制备方法制备应用例2-33的有机电致发光器件,区别在于将应用例1中的化合物1分别替换为对应的化合物,形成发光辅助层。
对比例1
按照上述有机电致发光器件的制备方法制备有机电致发光器件,区别在于将应用例1中的化合物1替换为比较化合物1,其中比较化合物1的结构式如下:
对比例2
按照上述有机电致发光器件的制备方法制备有机电致发光器件,区别在于将应用例1中的化合物1替换为比较化合物2,其中比较化合物2的结构式如下:
对比例3
按照上述有机电致发光器件的制备方法制备有机电致发光器件,区别在于将应用例1中的化合物1替换为比较化合物3,其中比较化合物3的结构式如下:
对比例4
按照上述有机电致发光器件的制备方法制备有机电致发光器件,区别在于将应用例1中的化合物1替换为比较化合物4,其中比较化合物4的结构式如下:
在6000(nits)亮度下对上述器件实施例1-33以及器件对比例1-4得到的有机电致发光器件的驱动电压、发光效率、以及寿命进行表征,测试结果如下表2:
表2发光特性测试结果(亮度值为6000nits)
应用例34绿光有机电致发光器件制备:
a、ITO阳极:将涂层厚度为150nm的ITO(氧化铟锡)-Ag-ITO(氧化铟锡)玻璃基板在蒸馏水中清洗2次,超声波洗涤30min,再用蒸馏水反复清洗2次,超声波洗涤10min,洗涤结束后,然后转移至等甩干机内进行甩干,最后用真空烘箱220℃烘烤2小时,烘烤结束后降温即可使用。以该基板为阳极,使用蒸镀机进行蒸镀器件工艺,在其上依次蒸镀其它功能层。
e、EML(发光层):然后在上述发光辅助层上,以的蒸镀速率,真空蒸镀厚度为400nm的主体材料(Host-22和Host-23)和掺杂材料(Dopant-G-16)作为发光层,其中Host-22和Host-23作为双主体材料同掺杂材料进行共蒸,Host-22和Host-23比例为50%:50%,其Host-22和Host-23和Dopant的化学式如下所示。其中主体材料和Dopant的蒸镀速率比为88:12。
k、将蒸镀完成的基板进行封装。首先采用涂胶设备将清洗后盖板用UV胶进行涂覆工艺,然后将涂覆完成的盖板移至压合工段,将蒸镀完成的基板置于盖板上端,最后将基板和盖板在贴合设备作用下进行贴合,同时完成对UV胶光照固化。
绿光器件结构:ITO/Ag/ITO/HT1-9:P-9(10nm)/HT1-9(120nm)/化合物2(45nm)/(Host-22+Host-23):Dopant-G-16(400nm)/HB(5nm)/ET-8:Liq(30nm)/Yb(1n m)/Mg:Ag(18nm)/CPL(70nm)。
应用例35-57
按照上述有机电致发光器件应用例34的制备方法制备应用例35-57的有机电致发光器件,区别在于将应用例34中的化合物2分别替换为对应的化合物,形成发光辅助层。
在15000(nits)亮度下对上述器件实施例34-57以及器件对比例5-8得到的有机电致发光器件的驱动电压、发光效率、以及寿命进行表征,测试结果如下表3:
对比例5-8
按照上述有机电致发光器件的制备方法制备有机电致发光器件,区别在于将应用例34中的化合物2替换为比较化合物1-4,其中比较化合物1-4的结构式如上所示。
表3发光特性测试结果(亮度值为15000nits)
从表2,表3可以看出,使用本申请提供的发光辅助层材料制备的有机电致发光器件应用例1-57与对比例1-8提供的现有的有机电致发光器件相比较而言,本申请提供的发光辅助层材料应用在红光和绿光器件中,驱动电压降低,发光效率、寿命均得到提高,能够同时应用于红光和绿光的有机电致发光器件。
对比化合物1和化合物39是平行对比,对比化合物2与化合物11、化合物22是平行对比,存在的区别是取代基取代位置不同,能够提高化合物的器件性能。
对比化合物3与化合物2、化合物17是平行对比,可见在二苯并呋喃/芴上苯环使得化合物的效率,寿命,驱动电压的性能得到提高。
针对本申请使用的红光主体,在效率上提高3-5%,绿光主体,在效率上提高4-8%已经取得了显著的进步。
本说明书中各个实施例采用递进的方式描述,每个实施例重点说明的都是与其他实施例的不同之处,各个实施例之间相同相似部分互相参见即可。对于实施例公开的装置而言,由于其与实施例公开的方法相对应,所以描述的比较简单,相关之处参见方法部分说明即可。
对所公开的实施例的上述说明,使本领域专业技术人员能够实现或使用本申请。对这些实施例的多种修改对本领域的专业技术人员来说将是显而易见的,本文中所定义的一般原理可以在不脱离本申请的精神或范围的情况下,在其它实施例中实现。因此,本申请将不会被限制于本文所示的这些实施例,而是要符合与本文所公开的原理和新颖特点相一致的最宽的范围。
Claims (10)
3.根据权利要求2所述的发光辅助层材料,其特征在于,所述R3-R4各自独立的选自甲基、乙基、丙基、苯基、萘基、菲基、联苯基、三联苯基、甲基苯基、吡啶基、苯基吡啶基。
4.根据权利要求2所述的发光辅助层材料,其特征在于,所述R5独立的选自苯基、萘基、甲基苯基、联苯基、二甲基芴基、二苯并呋喃基、二苯并噻吩基。
6.根据权利要求1或2所述的发光辅助层材料,其特征在于,所述n选自1、2;所述X选自O、-C(CH3)2-。
9.一种发光器件,其特征在于,所述发光器件包括权利要求1-8任一权利要求所述的发光辅助层材料。
10.一种发光装置,其特征在于,所述发光装置包括权利要求1-8任一权利要求所述的发光辅助层或者权利要求9所述的发光器件。
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