CN114793959B - Whitebait artificial propagation method for improving survival rate of postpartum parent fish - Google Patents
Whitebait artificial propagation method for improving survival rate of postpartum parent fish Download PDFInfo
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- CN114793959B CN114793959B CN202210494178.0A CN202210494178A CN114793959B CN 114793959 B CN114793959 B CN 114793959B CN 202210494178 A CN202210494178 A CN 202210494178A CN 114793959 B CN114793959 B CN 114793959B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
- A01K61/17—Hatching, e.g. incubators
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Abstract
The invention provides an artificial whitebait propagation method for improving the survival rate of postpartum parent fishes, belonging to the technical field of aquaculture. According to the method, the artificial mass propagation of the whitebait is realized and the death rate of parent fishes is reduced through a specific artificial spawning induction mode of the whitebait and a nursing method of the parent fishes after delivery. Meanwhile, the method provided by the invention is simple to operate, reduces the cost and provides technical support for artificial batch propagation of endangered whitebait.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of aquaculture, and particularly relates to an artificial whitebait propagation method for improving the survival rate of postpartum parent fishes.
Background
The silverfish belongs to the special fish of the Dianchi pond, the related full-artificial breeding technology obtains breakthrough, and parent fish can obtain batch fertilized eggs through artificial intervention. The silver whitefish is a specific indigenous species in the Yunnan pond, and is only distributed in the water body of the Yunnan pond globally. At present, the silver whitefish population almost disappears and is in an endangered state.
At present, the main method for breeding and obtaining a large amount of silverfish depends on artificial breeding. However, in the artificial propagation process of the whitebait, the gonad development of parent fishes is not synchronous, the fertility rate and the hatchability of the bionic propagation are low, and the effect is not good. Due to the fact that silverfish is fragile and sensitive to oxytocin, the parent fish is greatly damaged by applying artificial propagation oxytocin and artificial induced spawning insemination, the spawning induction rate is low, the postpartum mortality rate of the parent fish is very high, and the death rate of some groups is as high as 90%. Therefore, a technology for reducing the death rate of the postpartum parent fish while improving the oxytocic rate, the fertility rate and the hatchability as much as possible is needed at present.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention aims to provide an artificial whitebait propagation method for increasing the survival rate of postpartum parent fishes, which not only ensures high induced spawning rate, fertility rate and hatchability, but also avoids damage and death to the parent fishes.
The invention provides an artificial whitebait propagation method for improving the survival rate of postpartum parent fishes, which comprises the following steps:
respectively breeding parent fishes of the male fishes and the female fishes of the whitebait until the gonads of the male fishes and the female fishes mature, and carrying out artificial induced spawning on the male fishes and the female fishes;
the artificial induced spawning method is 2-time injection, and the interval time of 2-time injection is 18-20 h; the 1 st injection is used for injecting luteinizing hormone releasing hormone A3 according to the dosage of 1-1.5 mug/kg fish body, and the 2 nd injection is used for injecting luteinizing hormone releasing hormone A3, diutanone maleate and chorionic gonadotropin according to the dosage of 3-5 mug/kg fish body, 3mg/kg fish body and 200-600 iu/kg fish body;
after the male fish and the female fish which are catalyzed artificially lay eggs and are fertilized, transferring the medium adhered with fertilized eggs to a hatching environment for hatching, transferring the post-partum male fish and the post-partum female fish to separate maintenance environments for maintenance after disinfection and sterilization respectively, and the maintenance environments avoid stress disturbance and are fed with astragalus polysaccharide mixed bait feed.
Preferably, during parent fish farming, the farming environmental conditions are: fresh water quality, water depth of 40-50 cm, dissolved oxygen amount of 6-8 mg/L, flowing water circulation, shading and quiet keeping.
Preferably, the injection site for artificial induced spawning is the abdominal cavity at the base of the pectoral fin.
Preferably, the environment conditions for spawning fertilization are: the cultivation temperature is 12-16 ℃, the dissolved oxygen of the water body is 8-10 mg/L, the water depth is 50-60 cm, and the shading is carried out.
Preferably, the spawning and fertilization modes comprise natural spawning and fertilization and artificial semi-dry spawning and fertilization;
preferably, the oviposition fertilization is performed in an environment provided with a medium;
the medium comprises cobblestones and aquatic weeds paved under the cobblestones.
Preferably, the aquatic weed species include one or more of the following aquatic weeds: watercress, chrysophytum, and Eisenia Bimaculata.
Preferably, the temperature of the incubation environment is 12 to 16 ℃.
Preferably, the hatching environment maintains a water circulation, and the water flow speed of the water circulation is 0.4-0.6 m/s.
Preferably, the method for sterilizing male and female fish after parturition comprises sterilizing male and female fish with a solution of 1.2g/m 3 Thiofloxacin and 1.5ml/m 3 Spraying liquid of the rhubarb for 30-40 min;
the feeding time of the astragalus polysaccharide mixed bait is 14-16 days;
the method for maintaining the environment to avoid stress disturbance is double-layer straw mat covering;
the conditions for maintaining the environment are as follows: the dissolved oxygen of the water body is 8-10 mg/L, and the running water is kept.
Preferably, in the artificial propagation process of the whitebait, the used water body is subjected to five-stage biosphere treatment and ultraviolet disinfection treatment.
The invention provides an artificial whitebait propagation method for improving the survival rate of postpartum parent whitebait, which determines an artificial oxytocin combination and proportion suitable for whitebait, realizes spawning and fertilization, reduces the damage of parent whitebait, and finely nurses the postpartum parent whitebait by combining with triple nursing measures of disinfection and sterilization, stress disturbance reduction and immunity improvement, thereby ensuring high spawning rate, fertility rate and hatching rate and avoiding the damage and death of the parent whitebait. Experiments show that the method provided by the invention not only ensures very high oxytocic rate (100%), fertility rate (more than 95%) and hatchability (more than 90%), but also gives consideration to 100% of the survival rate of the postpartum parent fish, is simpler to operate, reduces the cost, and provides technical support for artificial batch propagation of endangered whitebait.
Detailed Description
The invention provides an artificial whitebait propagation method for improving the survival rate of postpartum parent fishes, which comprises the following steps:
respectively breeding parent fishes of the whitebait male fishes and the whitebait female fishes until the gonads of the male fishes and the whitebait female fishes mature, and carrying out artificial induced spawning on the male fishes and the female fishes;
the artificial induced spawning method is an injection method for 2 times, and the interval time of the 2 times of injection is 18-20 h; the 1 st injection is injecting luteinizing hormone releasing hormone A3 according to the dosage of 1-1.5 mug/kg fish body, and the 2 nd injection is injecting luteinizing hormone releasing hormone A3, diutanone maleate and chorionic gonadotropin according to the dosage of 3-5 mug/kg fish body, 3mg/kg fish body and 200-600 iu/kg fish body;
after the male fish and the female fish which are catalyzed artificially lay eggs and are fertilized, transferring the medium adhered with fertilized eggs to a hatching environment for hatching, transferring the post-partum male fish and the post-partum female fish to separate maintenance environments for maintenance after disinfection and sterilization respectively, and the maintenance environments avoid stress disturbance and are fed with astragalus polysaccharide mixed bait feed.
In the present invention, the method of artificial oxytocin delivery is preferably the injection of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone A3 at a dose of 1. Mu.g/kg fish for the 1 st injection and the injection of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone A3, diutanone maleate and chorionic gonadotropin at a dose of 3. Mu.g/kg fish, 3mg/kg fish, 200iu/kg fish for the 2 nd injection.
In the present invention, during parent fish farming, the farming environmental conditions are: fresh water quality, water depth of 40-50 cm, dissolved oxygen amount of 6-8 mg/L, flowing water circulation, shading and quiet keeping. And the male whitebait and the female whitebait are cultured with parent fishes before artificial induced spawning. The breeding density of the male whitebait and the female whitebait is respectively that 30 female whitebait or male whitebait are put into a parent fish breeding tank with the diameter of 2 meters. The dissolved oxygen of the water body is preferably controlled by adopting a nano gas disk. The micro-nano bubbles generated by the nano air disc have low rising speed in water, long retention time and good effect of increasing dissolved oxygen. The method for maintaining the flowing water circulation is preferably to arrange a water inlet pipe above the parent fish culture water body. The water velocity of the water inlet pipe is preferably 0.7-1 m/s, more preferably 0.8-0.9 m/s.
In the present invention, gonadal maturation refers to the development of the gonads of the silver whitefish to stage IV. The artificial spawning method of the male fish and the female fish is the same. The injection site for artificial oxytocic is preferably abdominal cavity at the base of pectoral fin. The first injection of the artificial induced spawning method is preferably the left pectoral fin, and the second injection is preferably the right pectoral fin, so that the damage to the parent fish is reduced. After the first injection, the male and the female are put back into the original culture tank for temporary culture, and after the second injection is finished, the male and the female are put into the same incubation tank. According to the invention, various artificial spawning induction schemes suitable for the silverfish are searched in the early stage of an experiment, and the high spawning induction rate and the high survival rate of the postpartum parent fish are ensured by adjusting the hormone composition and the dosage ratio.
In the present invention, the environmental conditions for spawning and fertilization are preferably: the cultivation temperature is 12-16 ℃, the dissolved oxygen of the water body is 8-10 mg/L, the water depth is 50-60 cm, and the shading is carried out, more preferably, the cultivation temperature is 14-5 ℃, the dissolved oxygen of the water body is 9mg/L, and the water depth is 55cm. The oviposition fertilization is preferably performed in an environment provided with a medium. The medium comprises cobblestones and aquatic weeds paved under the cobblestones. The aquatic weed species comprise one or more of the following aquatic weeds: watercress, chrysophytum, and Eisenia Bimaculata.
In the invention, the medium adhered with the fertilized eggs is transferred to an incubation environment for incubation, preferably, the aquatic weeds adhered with the fertilized eggs are evenly and separately paved on iron wires of 3 incubation jars (a layer of even iron wires is arranged at the position 20cm away from the water surface at the bottom of the jar), and the top of the jar is covered with a shading net. The temperature of the incubation environment is preferably 12 to 16 ℃, more preferably 13 to 15 ℃, and most preferably 14 ℃. Experimental research shows that the water mold is difficult to control at the temperature lower than 12 ℃ and influences the hatchability; the distortion rate is high when the temperature is higher than 16 ℃. The incubation environment preferably maintains a water circulation, the water velocity of which is preferably between 0.4 and 0.6m/s, more preferably 0.5m/s.
In the present invention, the method for sterilizing male and female postpartum fish preferably comprises sterilizing male and female postpartum fish with a solution containing 1.2g/m 3 Thiofloxacin and 1.5ml/m 3 The spraying liquid of the rhubarb is treated for 30 to 40min. The method of treatment is preferably soaking. The feeding time of the astragalus polysaccharide mixed feed is preferably 14-16 days, and more preferably 15 days. The feeding amount of the astragalus polysaccharide mixed feed is 3-5 percent of the weight of the fish, and the preferable feeding amount is 4 percent. The mass ratio of the astragalus polysaccharide to the feed in the astragalus polysaccharide mixed feed is preferably 0.004-0.006.
In the invention, the method for avoiding stress disturbance of the culture environment is preferably double-layer straw mat covering so as to simultaneously realize the aims of shading, reducing noise and ventilating. The conditions for maintaining the environment are as follows: the dissolved oxygen of the water body is 8-10 mg/L, more preferably 9mg/L, and the water body with high dissolved oxygen is beneficial to the rapid recovery of the postpartum parent fish. The curing environment preferably remains running water. In the artificial propagation process of the whitebait, the used water body is preferably subjected to five-level biosphere treatment and ultraviolet disinfection treatment. In the maintenance process, the water body is observed every day, and if dead fish exist, the fish is timely fished out.
The method for artificially breeding whitebait to improve the survival rate of parent fish after childbirth according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the following examples, which should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
An artificial propagation method of whitebait for improving the survival rate of postpartum parent fish, which selects whitebait with good gonad development to IV stage and state for artificial propagation, and comprises the following steps:
(1) Early preparation: 30 female fishes and male fishes are respectively selected and temporarily cultured in 2 parent fish culture tanks with the diameter of 2 meters in one week before artificial spawning induction, the water depth is 45cm, a nano air disc is placed in each tank, dissolved oxygen is guaranteed to be 8mg/L, a water inlet pipe is arranged at the position of 10cm above each hatching tank, flowing water (the flow rate is 0.7 m/s) is kept, water quality is subjected to five-stage biological ball treatment and ultraviolet disinfection treatment, and the water quality is fresh and the dissolved oxygen is sufficient. The whitebait is easy to frighten and flee, the parent fish breeding cylinder cover shades the net, and the elastic rope is used for fixing.
(2) Artificial hastening parturition: during the period of one week before and one week after the frightening hibernation (early trimester) every year, the sexual gland of the silverfish is developed to the IV stage, and the male and female fishes are injected into the abdominal cavity at the basal part of the pectoral fin at the injection part by the same induced spawning method and the same dosage for 2 times. The 1 st injection dose is 1.2 mu g/kg of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone A3 (LHRH-A3), and the 2 nd injection is carried out at an interval of 20h; the 2 nd injection dose is 4 μ g/kg of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone A3 (LHRH-A3), 3mg/kg of diutanone maleate (DOM), 400iu/kg of chorionic gonadotropin (HCG). The left pectoral fins are punched by a first needle, and the right pectoral fins are punched by a second needle so as to reduce the damage to the parent fish; and after the first injection, the male and the female are put back into the original culture tank for temporary culture, and after the second injection is finished, the male and the female are put into the same hatching tank.
(3) Natural spawning and fertilization: putting the male and female parent fishes subjected to the second injection into the same hatching tank for spawning; the hatching jar is arranged: in 2 hatching jars with the diameter of 2 meters, cobblestones which are fully soaked are placed at the bottom of the jar, aquatic weeds (watery green armyworm algae, golden fish algae and potamogeton indicus) are uniformly paved under the cobblestones, sufficient dissolved oxygen (10 mg/L) in the jar is ensured through a nano air disc, running water stimulation is kept, the water depth is 55cm, and the water quality is subjected to five-level biological ball treatment and ultraviolet disinfection treatment. The upper cover of the cylinder is covered with a shading net, and the elastic rope is fixed. The water temperature of the incubation cylinder is kept at 15 ℃ by a constant temperature rod, all the fertilized eggs are naturally produced in 28 hours, and the fertilized eggs are stuck on the aquatic weeds after natural fertilization.
4) Hatching: uniformly spreading the aquatic weeds adhered with the fertilized eggs on iron wires of 3 incubation cylinders (a layer of uniform iron wires is arranged at a position 20cm away from the water surface at the bottom of the incubation cylinders), covering a shading net on the top of the incubation cylinders to prevent direct irradiation of sunlight, placing a nano inflatable disc embedded with the circumference of the incubation cylinders for oxygenation, and continuously filling trace amount of fresh water (the flow rate is 0.5 m/s). The incubation temperature was maintained at 15 ℃ by means of a thermostatic bar.
5) Postpartum parent fish nursing
Before the postpartum parent fish is moved to a separate culture tank, the culture tank is disinfected by medicines, and the specific method is to adopt 1.2g/m of thioether floxacin 3 + Wuhuang sprinkling liquid 1.5ml/m 3 1 time of medicated bath for 15min;
the astragalus polysaccharide mixed feed is prepared by mixing 5g of astragalus polysaccharide according to the proportion of 1kg of feed, and is continuously fed for 15 days, wherein the feeding amount is 3 percent of the weight of the fish every day;
water for the culture tank is subjected to five-stage biological ball treatment and ultraviolet disinfection treatment; after transferring the postpartum parent fish to a culture tank, covering the postpartum parent fish by using a double-layer straw mat, inflating by using an inflator pump, controlling by using trickle flow water, carefully observing, and timely fishing out if dead fish exists.
Evaluating the catalytic effect of artificial induced spawning, and calculating the induced spawning rate according to the formula I.
Catalytic yield (%) = female fish tail number spawned after artificial induction/induction female fish tail number 100% formula I
And (4) counting fertilization conditions after natural oviposition fertilization, and calculating the fertilization rate according to a formula II.
Fertilization rate (%) = number of fertilized eggs/total number of eggs:100% formula II
And (4) counting the hatching condition of the fertilized eggs, and calculating the hatching rate according to a formula III.
Hatching rate (%) = number of fertilized eggs successfully hatched/total number of fertilized eggs formula III
And (4) counting the death condition of the parent fish after 7D of conservation, and calculating the survival rate of the postpartum parent fish according to a formula IV.
Postpartum parent fish survival rate (%) = number of surviving parent fish 7 days after parturition/total number of induced spawning parent fish formula IV
Example 2
An artificial propagation method of whitebait for improving the survival rate of postpartum parent fish, which selects whitebait with good gonad development to IV stage and state for artificial propagation, and comprises the following steps:
(1) Early preparation: 30 female fishes and male fishes are respectively selected and temporarily cultured in 2 parent fish culture tanks with the diameter of 2 meters in one week before artificial spawning induction, the water depth is 50cm, a nano air disc is placed in each tank to ensure that the dissolved oxygen is 6mg/L, a water inlet pipe is arranged at the position of 10cm above each hatching tank to keep flowing water (the flow rate is 0.8 m/s), and the water quality is treated by five-stage biological ball treatment and ultraviolet disinfection treatment, so that the water quality is fresh and the dissolved oxygen is sufficient. The silvery whitefish is easy to frighten and flee, and the cover shade net is used for breeding the parent fish and is fixed by the elastic rope.
(2) Artificial hastening parturition: during the period of one week before and one week after the frightening hibernation (early trimester) every year, the sexual gland of the silverfish is developed to the IV stage, and the male and female fishes are injected into the abdominal cavity at the basal part of the pectoral fin at the injection part by the same induced spawning method and the same dosage for 2 times. The 1 st injection dose is 1.5 mu g/kg of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone A3 (LHRH-A3), and the 2 nd injection is carried out at the interval of 20h; the 2 nd injection dose is 5 μ g/kg of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone A3 (LHRH-A3), 3mg/kg of diutanone maleate (DOM), 600iu/kg of chorionic gonadotropin (HCG). The left pectoral fins are punched by a first needle, and the right pectoral fins are punched by a second needle so as to reduce the damage to the parent fish; and after the first injection, the male and the female are put back into the original cultivation tank for temporary cultivation, and after the second injection is finished, the male and the female are put into the same hatching tank.
(3) Natural spawning and fertilization: putting the male and female parent fishes subjected to the second injection into the same hatching tank for spawning; the hatching jar is arranged: in 2 hatching jars with the diameter of 2 meters, cobblestones which are fully soaked are placed at the bottom of the jar, aquatic weeds (watery foxtail algae, golden fish algae and potamogeton lecanii) are uniformly laid under the cobblestones, the dissolved oxygen in the jar is ensured to be sufficient (10 mg/L) through a nanometer air disk, the running water stimulation is kept, the water depth is 60cm, and the water quality is treated by five-stage bio-ball treatment and ultraviolet disinfection. The cover of the jar is covered with a shading net, and the elastic rope is fixed. The water temperature of the hatching jar is kept at 15 ℃ by a constant temperature rod, all the fertilized eggs naturally produce air within about 24 hours, and the fertilized eggs are stuck on the float grass after natural fertilization.
4) Hatching: uniformly spreading the aquatic weeds adhered with the fertilized eggs on iron wires of 3 incubation cylinders (a layer of uniform iron wires is arranged at a position 20cm away from the water surface at the bottom of the incubation cylinders), covering a shading net on the top of the incubation cylinders to prevent direct irradiation of sunlight, placing a nano inflatable disc embedded with the circumference of the incubation cylinders for oxygenation, and continuously filling trace amount of fresh water (the flow rate is 0.6 m/s). The incubation temperature was maintained at 14 ℃ by means of a thermostatic bar.
5) Postpartum parent fish nursing
Before the postpartum parent fish is moved to a separate culture tank, the culture tank is disinfected by medicines, and the specific method is to adopt 1.2g/m of thioether floxacin 3 + Wuhuang sprinkling liquid 1.5ml/m 3 1 time of medicated bath for 15min;
mixing astragalus polysaccharide according to a proportion of 5g of 1kg of feed to prepare astragalus polysaccharide mixed feed, and continuously feeding for 14 days, wherein the feeding amount per day is 5 percent of the weight of the fish;
water for the culture tank is subjected to five-stage biological ball treatment and ultraviolet disinfection treatment; after the postpartum parent fish is transferred to the culture tank, the postpartum parent fish is covered by a double-layer straw mat, the air pump is used for inflating, the water flowing is controlled slightly, the postpartum parent fish is carefully observed, and if the postpartum parent fish is dead, the postpartum parent fish is timely fished out.
The oxytocic rate, the fertility rate, the hatching rate and the postnatal survival rate of the parent fish were respectively counted according to the method of example 1.
Example 3
An artificial propagation method of whitebait for improving the survival rate of postpartum parent fish, which selects whitebait with good gonad development to IV stage and state for artificial propagation, and comprises the following steps:
(1) Early preparation: 30 female fishes and male fishes are respectively selected and temporarily cultured in 2 parent fish culture tanks with the diameter of 2 meters in one week before artificial spawning induction, the water depth is 40cm, a nano air disc is placed in each tank, dissolved oxygen is guaranteed to be 7mg/L, a water inlet pipe is arranged at the position of 10cm above each hatching tank, flowing water (the flow rate is 0.9 m/s) is kept, water quality is subjected to five-stage biological ball treatment and ultraviolet disinfection treatment, and the water quality is fresh and the dissolved oxygen is sufficient. The whitebait is easy to frighten and flee, the parent fish breeding cylinder cover shades the net, and the elastic rope is used for fixing.
(2) Artificial hastening parturition: during the period of one week before and one week after the frightening hibernation (early trimester) every year, the sexual gland of the silverfish is developed to the IV stage, and the male and female fishes are injected into the abdominal cavity at the basal part of the pectoral fin at the injection part by the same induced spawning method and the same dosage for 2 times. The 1 st injection dose is 1 mug/kg of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone A3 (LHRH-A3), and the 2 nd injection is carried out at 20h intervals; the 2 nd injection dose is luteinizing hormone releasing hormone A3 (LHRH-A3) 3 μ g/kg fish body + diutanone maleate (DOM) 3mg/kg fish body + chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) 200iu/kg fish body. The left pectoral fin is punched by the first needle, and the right pectoral fin is punched by the second needle, so that the damage to the parent fish is reduced; and after the first injection, the male and the female are put back into the original cultivation tank for temporary cultivation, and after the second injection is finished, the male and the female are put into the same hatching tank.
(3) Natural spawning and fertilization: putting the male and female parent fish subjected to the second injection into the same hatching tank for spawning; the hatching jar is arranged: in 2 hatching jars with the diameter of 2 meters, cobblestones which are fully soaked are placed at the bottom of the jar, aquatic weeds (watery foxtail algae, golden fish algae and potamogeton lecanii) are uniformly laid under the cobblestones, the dissolved oxygen in the jar is ensured to be sufficient (9 mg/L) through a nanometer air disk, the running water stimulation is kept, the water depth is 50cm, and the water quality is subjected to five-stage bio-ball treatment and ultraviolet disinfection treatment. The cover of the jar is covered with a shading net, and the elastic rope is fixed. The water temperature of the hatching jar is kept at 13 ℃ by a constant temperature rod, all the eggs naturally produce air within about 24 hours, and fertilized eggs are stuck on the aquatic weeds after natural fertilization.
4) Hatching: uniformly spreading the aquatic weeds adhered with the fertilized eggs on iron wires of 3 incubation cylinders (a layer of uniform iron wires is arranged at a position 20cm away from the water surface at the bottom of the incubation cylinders), covering a shading net on the top of the incubation cylinders to prevent direct irradiation of sunlight, placing a nano inflatable disc embedded with the circumference of the incubation cylinders for oxygenation, and continuously filling trace amount of fresh water (the flow rate is 0.6 m/s). The incubation temperature was maintained at 13 ℃ by means of a thermostatic bar.
5) Postpartum parent fish nursing
The method comprises sterilizing the culture tank with 1.2g/m of thioether ofloxacin 3 + Wuhuang sprinkling liquid 1.5ml/m 3 1 time of medicated bath for 15min;
mixing astragalus polysaccharide according to a proportion of 5g of 1kg of feed to prepare astragalus polysaccharide mixed feed, and continuously feeding for 15 days, wherein the feeding amount per day is 4 percent of the weight of the fish;
water for the culture tank is subjected to five-stage biological ball treatment and ultraviolet disinfection treatment; after the postpartum parent fish is transferred to the culture tank, the postpartum parent fish is covered by a double-layer straw mat, the air pump is used for inflating, the water flowing is controlled slightly, the postpartum parent fish is carefully observed, and if the postpartum parent fish is dead, the postpartum parent fish is timely fished out.
The oxytocic rate, the fertility rate, the hatching rate and the postnatal survival rate of the parent fish were respectively counted according to the method of example 1.
The results of artificial breeding in examples 1 to 3 are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 results of artificial breeding of examples 1 to 3
Example 4
The artificial propagation of whitebait was performed according to the method of example 3, except that the artificial catalysis method and the spawning and fertilization method were different, which is specifically shown in tables 2 and 3.
TABLE 2 Artificial oxytocic dosages for different treatments
The statistical results are shown in Table 3.
TABLE 3 results of different artificial oxytocic doses
Example 5
The artificial propagation of whitebait was performed according to the method of example 3, except that the spawning and fertilization manner was an artificial semi-dry method.
The survival rate of the parent fish after 7 days of birth was 93.75%, which was slightly lower than that of the natural spawning fertilization method (example 3, 100%).
Comparative example 1
The artificial propagation of whitebait was performed according to the method of example 3, except that intramuscular injection and thoracic injection were performed, respectively.
The results show that the intramuscular injection has poor absorption and slow effect, and the thoracic injection can injure the internal organs. From the anatomical structure and practice of the whitebait, the invention adopts the intraperitoneal injection, which is a mode that the viscera can not be injured and the absorption effect of the oxytocin is good.
Comparative example 2
The artificial propagation of whitebait was performed according to the method of example 3, except that the temperature was set to 10 ℃, 13 ℃, 16 ℃, 18 ℃ and 21 ℃ respectively during the incubation culture, and the incubation time was 120 to 480 hours.
The results are shown in Table 4.
TABLE 4 Effect of incubation temperature on incubation results
The results in table 4 show that inappropriate incubation temperature directly affects the incubation rate, the fry distortion rate is improved, and particularly, incubation at 10 ℃ causes water mold in water to be serious, so that the incubation rate is affected; and incubation and cultivation at 17 ℃ are adopted, so that the deformity rate is high.
Comparative example 3
The artificial breeding of whitebait was carried out according to the method of example 3, except that the remaining pinholes were injected during the maintenance of the postpartum parent fish by daubing erythromycin, and the postpartum parent fish was placed in a culture tank bathed with potassium permanganate.
Under the condition of the same artificial spawning method, the survival rate of the parent fish maintained by adopting the conventional postpartum parent fish reaches about 85 percent.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. An artificial whitebait propagation method for improving the survival rate of postpartum parent fishes is characterized by comprising the following steps:
respectively breeding parent fishes of the male fishes and the female fishes of the whitebait until the gonads of the male fishes and the female fishes mature, and carrying out artificial induced spawning on the male fishes and the female fishes;
the artificial induced spawning method is an injection method for 2 times, and the interval time of the 2 times of injection is 18-20 h; the 1 st injection is used for injecting luteinizing hormone releasing hormone A3 according to the dosage of 1-1.5 mug/kg fish body, and the 2 nd injection is used for injecting luteinizing hormone releasing hormone A3, diutanone maleate and chorionic gonadotropin according to the dosage of 3-5 mug/kg fish body, 3mg/kg fish body and 200-600 iu/kg fish body;
after the male fish and the female fish which are catalyzed artificially lay eggs and are fertilized, transferring a medium adhered with fertilized eggs to a hatching environment for hatching, respectively transferring the post-partum male fish and the post-partum female fish to separate maintenance environments for maintenance through disinfection and sterilization, avoiding stress disturbance in the maintenance environments, and feeding astragalus polysaccharide mixed bait feed;
the disinfection method of the postpartum male fish and female fish comprises the step of using a feed containing 1.2g/m 3 Sulfothioxacin and 1.5ml/m 3 Treating the five-yellow wine by splashing liquid for 30-40 min;
the feeding time of the astragalus polysaccharide mixed bait is 14-16 days;
the method for maintaining the environment to avoid stress disturbance is double-layer straw mat covering;
the conditions for maintaining the environment are as follows: the dissolved oxygen in the water body is 8-10 mg/L, and the running water is kept.
2. The artificial propagation method of whitebait according to claim 1, wherein during the cultivation of parent fish, the cultivation environment conditions are: fresh water quality, water depth of 40-50 cm, dissolved oxygen amount of 6-8 mg/L, flowing water circulation, shading and quiet keeping.
3. The artificial propagation method of whitebait according to claim 1, wherein the injection site for artificial induced spawning is the abdominal cavity at the base of the pectoral fin.
4. The artificial propagation method of whitebait according to claim 1, wherein the environment conditions for spawning and fertilization are as follows: the cultivation temperature is 12-16 ℃, the dissolved oxygen of the water body is 8-10 mg/L, the water depth is 50-60 cm, and the shady is shielded.
5. The artificial propagation method of silver whitefish according to claim 1, characterized in that the ways of spawning and fertilization include natural spawning and fertilization and artificial semi-dry spawning and fertilization;
preferably, the oviposition fertilization is performed in an environment provided with a medium;
the medium comprises cobblestones and aquatic weeds paved under the cobblestones.
6. The artificial propagation method of whitebait according to claim 5, wherein the species of the aquatic weeds comprise one or more of the following aquatic weeds: nostoc commune, goldfish algae and Eisenia.
7. The artificial propagation method of whitebait according to claim 1, characterized in that the temperature of the hatching environment is 12-16 ℃.
8. The artificial propagation method of whitebait according to claim 7, characterized in that the hatching environment maintains a water circulation, and the water flow speed of the water circulation is 0.4-0.6 m/s.
9. The method for artificially propagating whitebait according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein in the process of artificially propagating whitebait, the water body is treated by five-stage bio-ball treatment and ultraviolet disinfection treatment.
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