CN114786846B - 增材制造用金属粉末 - Google Patents
增材制造用金属粉末 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000005496 eutectics Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 20
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 18
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 11
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 5
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910000640 Fe alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000001465 metallisation Methods 0.000 description 4
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009689 gas atomisation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 3
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910001021 Ferroalloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004372 laser cladding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001338 liquidmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000110 selective laser sintering Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 2
- QYEXBYZXHDUPRC-UHFFFAOYSA-N B#[Ti]#B Chemical compound B#[Ti]#B QYEXBYZXHDUPRC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001111 Fine metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910033181 TiB2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001464 adherent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000149 argon plasma sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010288 cold spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010285 flame spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000006199 nebulizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- CADICXFYUNYKGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfanylidenemanganese Chemical compound [Mn]=S CADICXFYUNYKGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004227 thermal cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007751 thermal spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009827 uniform distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009692 water atomization Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明涉及增材制造用金属粉末，以重量含量表示，所述增材制造用金属粉末的组成包含以下元素：0.01％≤C≤0.2％、4.6％≤Ti≤10％、(0.45×Ti)‑0.22％≤B≤(0.45×Ti)+0.70％、S≤0.03％、P≤0.04％、N≤0.05％、O≤0.05％，以及任选地包含：Si≤1.5％、Mn≤3％、Al≤1.5％、Ni≤1％、Mo≤1％、Cr≤3％、Cu≤1％、Nb≤0.1％、V≤0.5％，以及包含共晶析出物TiB2和Fe2B，余量为Fe和由加工产生的不可避免的杂质，TiB2的体积百分比等于或大于10％，以及所述粉末的平均堆积密度为7.50g/cm3或更小。本发明还涉及通过雾化的增材制造用金属粉末的制造方法。
Description
本发明涉及用于制造钢部件的金属粉末，特别地涉及用于增材制造的金属粉末。本发明还涉及用于制造金属粉末的方法。
FeTiB2钢由于其优异的高弹性模量E、低密度和高抗拉强度而吸引了很多关注。然而，这样的钢板难以通过常规路线以良好的产率生产，这限制了其使用。
因此，本发明的目的是通过提供FeTiB2粉末来弥补这样的缺陷，所述FeTiB2粉末可以通过增材制造方法而有效地用于制造部件同时保持良好的使用特性。
出于该目的，本发明的第一主题包括金属粉末，以重量含量表示，所述金属粉末的组成包含以下元素：
0.01％≤C≤0.2％
4.6％≤Ti≤10％
(0.45×Ti)-0.22％≤B≤(0.45×Ti)+0.70％
S≤0.03％
P≤0.04％
N≤0.05％
O≤0.05％
以及任选地包含：
Si≤1.5％
Mn≤3％
Al≤1.5％
Ni≤1％
Mo≤1％
Cr≤3％
Cu≤1％
Nb≤0.1％
V≤0.5％
以及包含析出物TiB2和Fe2B，余量为Fe和由加工产生的不可避免的杂质，TiB2的体积百分比等于或大于10％，以及所述粉末的平均堆积密度为7.50g/cm3或更小。
根据本发明的金属粉末还可以具有单独考虑或组合考虑的下列任选特征：
Fe2B的体积百分比为至少4％；
粉末中的游离Ti含量为0.30重量％至0.40重量％。
本发明的第二主题包括用于制造增材制造用金属粉末的方法，包括：
-使元素和/或金属合金在高于液相线温度至少50℃的温度下熔化以获得熔融组合物，以重量含量表示，所述熔融组合物包含：0.01％≤C≤0.2％、4.6％≤Ti≤10％、(0.45×Ti)-0.22％≤B≤(0.45×Ti)+0.70％、S≤0.03％、P≤0.04％、N≤0.05％、O≤0.05％，以及任选地包含Si≤1.5％、Mn≤3％、Al≤1.5％、Ni≤1％、Mo≤1％、Cr≤3％、Cu≤1％、Nb≤0.1％、V≤0.5％，余量为Fe和由加工产生的不可避免的杂质，以及
-通过喷嘴用加压气体将熔融组合物雾化。
根据本发明的方法还可以具有单独考虑或组合考虑的下列任选特征：
熔化在高于所述液相线温度至少100℃的温度下进行；
熔化在高于所述液相线温度至多400℃的温度下进行；
气体被加压在10巴与30巴之间。
本发明的第三主题包括一种金属部件，由上述任一种金属粉末的增材制造过程制造或由上述任一种方法获得。
通过阅读以下描述将更好地理解本发明，以下描述仅仅出于说明的目的而提供并且决不旨在是限制性的。
根据本发明的粉末具有特定组成，该特定组成经平衡以在用于制造部件时获得良好特性。
碳含量是受限的，因为当碳含量大于0.20％时，可焊性因HAZ(热影响区)中的耐冷裂性和韧性而降低。当碳含量等于或小于0.050重量％时，耐可焊性得到特别地改善。
由于钢的钛含量，因此优选限制碳含量以避免液体金属中TiC和/或Ti(C,N)的初生析出物。最大碳含量必须优选限制在0.1％，并且甚至更好地限制在0.080％，以主要在凝固期间或在固相中产生TiC和/或Ti(C,N)析出物。
硅是任选的元素，并且当添加时，由于固溶硬化，其有助于有效地增加抗拉强度。然而，硅的过量添加导致形成难以去除的粘附氧化物。为了保持良好的表面特性，硅含量必须不超过1.5重量％。
锰元素是任选的。然而，以等于或大于0.06％的量，锰提高淬透性并且有助于固溶硬化并因此提高抗拉强度。其与任何存在的硫结合，因此降低了热开裂的风险。但是，高于3重量％的锰含量，存在在凝固期间形成锰的有害偏析的较大风险。
铝元素是任选的。然而，以等于或大于0.005％的量，铝是用于使钢脱氧的非常有效的元素。但是，高于1.5重量％的含量，发生过多的氧化铝的初生析出，导致加工问题。
以大于0.030％的量，硫以过多的量倾向于以硫化锰的形式析出，这是不利的。
磷是已知在晶界处偏析的元素。其含量必须不超过0.040％以保持足够的热延性，从而避免开裂。
任选地，可以添加镍、铜或钼，这些元素提高钢的抗拉强度。出于经济原因，这些添加限制在1重量％。
任选地，可以添加铬以提高抗拉强度。还允许更大量的碳化物析出。然而，其含量限制在3重量％以制造更便宜的钢。优选地选择等于或小于0.080％的铬含量。这是因为铬的过量添加导致析出更多的碳化物。
还任选地，可以分别以等于或小于0.1％和等于或小于0.5％的量添加铌和钒，以便以细的析出的碳氮化物的形式获得互补硬化(complementary hardening)。
钛和硼在根据本发明的粉末中起重要作用。
钛以4.6％至10％的量存在。当钛的重量含量小于4.6％时，无法以足够的量出现TiB2析出物。这是因为析出的TiB2的体积分数小于10％，从而排除了弹性模量的显著变化，其可能保持小于240GPa。当钛的重量含量大于10％时，在液体金属中出现粗的初生TiB2析出物并在产品中引起问题。此外，利用标准雾化过程无法实现液相线温度升高和至少50℃的过热。
FeTiB2共晶析出物在凝固时出现。析出物的共晶性质使形成的显微组织具有有利于机械特性的特定的细度和均匀性。当TiB2共晶析出物的量大于TiB2析出物的10体积％时，模量可能超过约240GPa，从而能够设计出明显减轻的组织。在包含诸如铬或钼的合金元素的钢的情况下，该量可以增加至15体积％以超过约250GPa。这是因为当存在这些元素时，使在共晶析出的情况下可以获得的TiB2的最大量增加。
如上所述，钛必须以足够的量存在以引起内生TiB2形成。
在本发明的框架内，在此“游离Ti”表示不以析出物的形式结合的Ti的含量。游离Ti含量可以评估为游离Ti＝Ti-2.215×B，B表示粉末中的硼含量。
根据本发明，钛和硼含量使得：
-0.22≤B-90.45×Ti)≤0.70
在该范围内，游离Ti的含量小于0.5％。优选将游离Ti设定在0.30％至0.40％的值。析出以两种连续共晶的形式发生：首先是FeTiB2，然后是Fe2B，根据合金的硼含量，Fe2B的该第二种内生析出以更多或更少的量发生。以Fe2B的形式析出的量可以高至8体积％。该第二种析出也根据共晶方案发生，使得可以获得细的均匀分布，从而确保机械特性的良好均匀性。
Fe2B的析出使TiB2的析出完善，其最大量与共晶有关。Fe2B起着与TiB2的作用类似的作用。其增加弹性模量并降低密度。因此，可以通过改变Fe2B析出物相对于TiB2析出物的补充量来精细地调节机械特性。这尤其可以用于在钢中获得大于250GPa的弹性模量。当钢包含等于或大于4体积％的量的Fe2B时，弹性模量增加了大于5GPa。当Fe2B的量大于7.5体积％时，弹性模量增加了大于10GPa。
根据本发明的金属粉末的堆积密度出乎意料地好。
事实上，根据本发明的金属粉末的堆积密度最大值为7.50g/cm3。由于粉末的该低密度，由这样的金属粉末通过增材制造制成的部件将呈现出降低的密度以及改善的弹性模量。
粉末可以例如通过首先将作为原料的纯元素和/或铁合金混合并使其熔化来获得。或者，粉末可以通过使预合金化组合物熔化来获得。
通常优选纯元素以避免具有来自铁合金的过多杂质，因为这些杂质可能使得容易结晶。然而，在本发明的情况下，观察到来自铁合金的杂质对本发明的实现并不是有害的。
本领域技术人员已知如何混合不同的铁合金和纯元素以达到目标组合物。
一旦通过以适当的比例混合纯元素和/或铁合金而获得组合物，就将该组合物在高于其液相线温度至少50℃的温度下加热，并保持在该温度下以使所有原料熔化并使熔体均质化。由于该过热，熔融组合物粘度的降低而有助于获得具有良好特性的粉末。即便如此，由于表面张力随温度而增加，因此优选不在高于其液相线温度超过450℃的温度下加热组合物。
优选地，将组合物在高于其液相线温度至少100℃的温度下加热。更优选地，将组合物在高于其液相线温度300℃至400℃的温度下加热。
然后通过在适中的压力下迫使熔融金属流通过孔口(喷嘴)并通过用气体(气体雾化)或水(水雾化)的射流冲击熔融金属流来将熔融组合物雾化成细金属液滴。在气体雾化的情况下，恰好在金属流离开喷嘴之前将气体引入到金属流中，用于在夹带的气体膨胀(由于加热)并进入到大收集体积、雾化塔中时产生湍流。雾化塔填充有气体以促进熔融金属射流的进一步湍流。使金属液滴在其落入雾化塔期间冷却。优选气体雾化，因为其有利于产生具有高圆度和少量附属物的粉末颗粒。
雾化气体为氩气或氮气。它们两者均比其他气体(例如，氦气)更慢地增加熔体粘度，这促进较小颗粒尺寸的形成。它们还控制化学纯度，避免不期望的杂质，并且在粉末的良好形态学方面起作用。由于与氩的摩尔重量39.95g/摩尔相比，氮的摩尔重量为14.01g/摩尔，因此可以用氩气而不是用氮气获得更细的颗粒。另一方面，与氩气的比热容0.52J/(gK)相比，氮气的比热容为1.04J/(g K)。因此，氮气增加了颗粒的冷却速率。
气体压力是重要的，因为其直接影响金属粉末的颗粒尺寸分布和显微组织。特别地，压力越高，冷却速率越快。因此，将气体压力设定为10巴至30巴以优化颗粒尺寸分布并且有利于微晶相/纳米晶相的形成。优选地，将气体压力设定为14巴至18巴以促进其尺寸与增材制造技术最相配的颗粒的形成。
喷嘴直径对熔融金属流量具有直接影响，并因此，对颗粒尺寸分布和冷却速率具有直接影响。通常将最大喷嘴直径限制在4mm以限制平均颗粒尺寸的增加和冷却速率的降低。喷嘴直径优选为2mm至3mm以更准确地控制颗粒尺寸分布并有利于特定显微组织的形成。
被定义为气体流量(以Kg/小时计)与金属流量(以Kg/小时计)之比的气体与金属比优选地保持为1.5至7，更优选为3至4。其有助于调节冷却速率并因此进一步促进特定显微组织的形成。
根据本发明的一个变体，在湿度吸收的情况下，将通过雾化获得的金属粉末干燥以进一步改善其流动性。干燥优选在真空室中在100℃下进行。
通过雾化获得的金属粉末本身可以使用或者可以被筛分以保持其尺寸更好地适合增材制造技术的颗粒以供以后使用。例如，在通过粉末床融合的增材制造的情况下，范围20μm至63μm是优选的。在通过激光金属沉积或直接金属沉积的增材制造的情况下，范围45μm至150μm是优选的。
由根据本发明的金属粉末制成的部件可以通过增材制造技术，例如粉末床融合(LPBF)、直接金属激光烧结(DMLS)、电子束熔化(EBM)、选择性热烧结(SHS)、选择性激光烧结(SLS)、激光金属沉积(LMD)、直接金属沉积(DMD)、直接金属激光熔化(DMLM)、直接金属打印(DMP)、激光熔覆(LC)、粘结剂喷射(BJ)来获得，由根据本发明的金属粉末制成的涂层还可以通过制造技术例如冷喷涂、热喷涂、超音速火焰喷涂来获得。
实施例
在下文中呈现的以下实施例和测试本质上是非限制性的并且必须仅出于举例说明的目的来考虑。它们将举例说明本发明的有利特征，由发明人在大量实验之后选择的参数的重要性，并且进一步确定可以通过根据本发明的金属粉末实现的特性。
首先通过以适当的比例将铁合金和纯元素混合并使其熔化或者通过使预合金化组合物熔化来获得根据表1的金属组合物。所添加的元素的以重量百分比计的组成汇总在表1中。
表1-熔融组合物
| 样品 | C | Ti | B | Mn | Al | Si | S | P | V | Ni | Cr | Cu |
| C76 | 0.053 | 5.70 | 2.20 | ＜0.001 | 0.316 | 0.571 | 0.007 | 0.002 | 0.213 | ＜0.001 | ＜0.001 | ＜0.001 |
| C75 | 0.052 | 5.69 | 2.19 | ＜0.001 | ＜0.001 | ＜0.001 | ＜0.001 | ＜0.001 | 0.213 | ＜0.001 | ＜0.001 | ＜0.001 |
| C27 | 0.019 | 4.81 | 1.99 | 0.189 | 0.046 | 0.068 | 0.001 | 0.0090 | 0 | 0.045 | 0.033 | 0.05 |
| C28 | 0.019 | 4.81 | 1.99 | 0.189 | 0.046 | 0.068 | 0.001 | 0.0090 | 0 | 0.045 | 0.033 | 0.05 |
对于所有样品，氮和氧的量均低于0.001％。
将这些金属组合物加热，然后在表2中汇总的过程条件下用氩气或氮气进行气体雾化。
表2-雾化参数
对于所有试验，雾化器BluePower AU3000的常见输入参数为：
然后将所获得的金属粉末在真空下在100℃下干燥0.5天至1天，并根据其尺寸进行筛分以分为三个部分F1至F3。部分F1对应于1μm至19μm的尺寸。部分F2对应于20μm至63μm的尺寸以及部分F3对应于大于63μm的尺寸。
分析粉末的以重量百分比计的元素组成并且主要元素汇总在表3中。所有其他元素含量均在本发明的范围内。
表3-粉末组成
确定粉末的堆积密度并汇总在表4中。
表4-堆积密度
根据本发明的样品，加下划线值:本发明之外
使用商业Pycnometer AccuPyc II 1340来测量堆积密度。其基于使用Ar气氛的气体比重计。由于润湿性问题，对于粉末密度，这样的方法比使用液体体系的阿基米德原理更准确。
将样品初步干燥以除去水分。氦由于其原子直径小而用于渗入小腔中。
测量方法基于在给定的压力下在第一参照室中的He注入，然后在包含粉末的第二室中释放气体。测量该第二室中的压力。
然后使用玻意耳-马略特定律(Mariotte’s law)来计算粉末体积
其中
-V1，第一参照室的容积
-V0，包含粉末样品的第二室的容积
-粉末的体积
-P1，第一参照室中的气体压力
-P2，包含粉末样品的第二室中的气体压力
用校准的天平测量样品的重量然后计算相应的密度。
根据实施例明显的是，与密度显著更高的参照例相比，根据本发明的粉末以7.50g/cm3或更低的水平呈现出降低的密度。该结果是出乎意料的，因为以体积百分比计的TiB2的相应值与这样的密度差距并不一致。
Claims (8)
1.一种金属粉末，以重量含量表示，组成包含以下元素：
0.01％≤C≤0.2％
4.6％≤Ti≤10％
(0.45×Ti)-0.22％≤B≤(0.45×Ti)+0.70％
S≤0.03％
P≤0.04％
N≤0.05％
O≤0.05％
以及任选地包含：
Si≤1.5％
Mn≤3％
Al≤1.5％
Ni≤1％
Mo≤1％
Cr≤3％
Cu≤1％
Nb≤0.1％
V≤0.5％
以及包含析出物TiB2和Fe2B，余量为Fe和由加工产生的不可避免的杂质，TiB2的体积百分比等于或大于10％，以及所述粉末的平均堆积密度为7.50g/cm3或更小。
2.根据权利要求1所述的金属粉末，其中Fe2B的体积百分比为至少4％。
3.根据权利要求1或2中任一项所述的金属粉末，其中所述粉末中的游离Ti含量为0.30重量％至0.40重量％。
4.一种用于制造增材制造用金属粉末的方法，包括：
-使元素和/或金属合金在高于液相线温度至少50℃的温度下熔化以获得熔融组合物，以重量含量表示，所述熔融组合物包含：0.01％≤C≤0.2％、4.6％≤Ti≤10％、(0.45×Ti)-0.22％≤B≤(0.45×Ti)+0.70％、S≤0.03％、P≤0.04％、N≤0.05％、O≤0.05％，以及任选地包含Si≤1.5％、Mn≤3％、Al≤1.5％、Ni≤1％、Mo≤1％、Cr≤3％、Cu≤1％、Nb≤0.1％、V≤0.5％，余量为Fe和由加工产生的不可避免的杂质，以及
-通过喷嘴用加压气体将所述熔融组合物雾化。
5.根据权利要求4所述的方法，其中所述熔化在高于所述液相线温度至少100℃的温度下进行。
6.根据权利要求4或5所述的方法，其中所述熔化在高于所述液相线温度至多400℃的温度下进行。
7.根据权利要求4或5所述的方法，其中所述气体被加压在10巴与30巴之间。
8.一种金属部件，通过使用根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的金属粉末的增材制造过程制造或者通过根据权利要求4至7中任一项所述的方法获得。
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- 2019-12-20 WO PCT/IB2019/061165 patent/WO2021123896A1/en active Application Filing
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2020
- 2020-12-14 KR KR1020227020044A patent/KR20220098785A/ko unknown
- 2020-12-14 BR BR112022010395A patent/BR112022010395A2/pt unknown
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- 2020-12-14 EP EP20823963.2A patent/EP4076803A1/en active Pending
- 2020-12-14 US US17/785,675 patent/US20230054179A1/en active Pending
- 2020-12-14 JP JP2022537459A patent/JP2023507759A/ja active Pending
- 2020-12-14 CN CN202080085785.0A patent/CN114786846B/zh active Active
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Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4540546A (en) * | 1983-12-06 | 1985-09-10 | Northeastern University | Method for rapid solidification processing of multiphase alloys having large liquidus-solidus temperature intervals |
| DE3868038D1 (de) * | 1987-12-23 | 1992-03-05 | Boehler Gmbh | Pulvermetallurgisch hergestellter schnellarbeitsstahl, daraus hergestellter versschleissteil und verfahren zu seiner herstellung. |
| CN1558960A (zh) * | 2001-09-25 | 2004-12-29 | 霍尼韦尔国际公司 | 用于高温无铅焊料的改良的组成物、方法和装置 |
| CN107635701A (zh) * | 2015-05-14 | 2018-01-26 | 冶联科技地产有限责任公司 | 用于制造金属粉末材料的方法和设备 |
| CN110191776A (zh) * | 2016-10-17 | 2019-08-30 | 综合理工大学 | 用于雾化技术的熔体的处理 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
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| EP4076803A1 (en) | 2022-10-26 |
| MX2022007594A (es) | 2022-07-19 |
| CA3163314C (en) | 2024-04-02 |
| CN114786846A (zh) | 2022-07-22 |
| CA3163314A1 (en) | 2021-06-24 |
| KR20220098785A (ko) | 2022-07-12 |
| ZA202205598B (en) | 2023-01-25 |
| BR112022010395A2 (pt) | 2022-08-23 |
| WO2021123896A1 (en) | 2021-06-24 |
| US20230054179A1 (en) | 2023-02-23 |
| WO2021124069A1 (en) | 2021-06-24 |
| JP2023507759A (ja) | 2023-02-27 |
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