CN1147830C - 显示器件和设备 - Google Patents
显示器件和设备Info
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- CN1147830C CN1147830C CNB971907587A CN97190758A CN1147830C CN 1147830 C CN1147830 C CN 1147830C CN B971907587 A CNB971907587 A CN B971907587A CN 97190758 A CN97190758 A CN 97190758A CN 1147830 C CN1147830 C CN 1147830C
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Abstract
一种吉利康或转动制品显示器,它使用安装在一基体里的、非球形的(例如,基本上是圆柱形的)、光学各向异性的制品。该制品可以是双色圆柱体,较佳的是互相平行对齐,并紧密排列在一单层里。各制品可转动地安装在基体里。具体地说,基体可由弹性体制成,而弹性体在液体在作用下膨胀,从而使制品可转动地位于其中。制品的紧密排列单层结构与其它的高亮度吉利康显示器相比提供了优良的亮度性能和相当容易的制造过程。
Description
在先申请
本申请要求下列美国临时申请的优先权,它们具有相同的受让人和至少一个共同发明人:1996年6月27日提交的第60/020,651号,以及也是1996年6月27日提交的第60/020,522号。本申请还要求1996年9月13日提交的美国专利申请第08/716,672号的优先权。
参考引用
下列美国专利在这里被充分参考引用:美国专利第4,126,854号(谢里登,“转动球面板显示器”);美国专利第4,143,103号(谢里登,“转动球面板显示器的制造方法”);美国专利第5,262,098号(克罗勒等人,“制造用于转动球显示器的双色球的方法和设备”);美国专利第5,344,594号(谢里登,“制造用于转动球显示器的多色球的方法”);以及美国专利第5,389,945号(谢里登,“包括纸状数字式寻址媒介和寻址装置的书写系统”)。
相关的专利申请
下列悬而未决的、已转让的美国专利申请涉及本案:美国专利申请第08/713,935号,题目是“单层吉利康(Gyricon)显示器”;美国专利申请第08/713,936号,题目是“高反射吉利康显示器”;美国专利申请第08/716,675号,题目是“带有填隙的排列物品阵列的吉利康显示器”;以及美国专利申请第08/713,325号,题目是“没有弹性基体的吉利康显示器”。
本发明的技术背景
本发明与可视显示器有关,特别与转动一球显示器、诸如吉利康显示器等有关。
吉利康显示器,还可用其它名称、诸如电转动一球显示器或旋转球显示器称呼,是20多年前刚发展起来的。请参看上面提到的美国专利第4,126,854号和第4,143,103号。
图1A是一种示范性的吉利康显示器10的侧视图。双色球1置于弹性基体2里,而弹性基体2由绝缘液体膨胀,并形成供球1在其中自由转动的空腔3。在有该液体的情况下,球1是电偶极,从而在电场、诸如可矩阵寻址的电极4a和4b的作用下发生转动。最靠近上表面5的电极4a较佳的是透明的。当球1转动,从而向基体2的上表面5露出它们的黑表面和白表面(半球)时,观察者I可看到由球1的黑白颜色形成的图象。
图1B(现有技术)显示了一个具有黑半球1a和白半球1b的双色球1。
吉利康显示器与通常的电可寻址可视显示器、诸如液晶显示器(LCD)和阴极射线管(CRT)显示器相比具有许多优点。特别是,它们适合于在环境光线中观看,在没有电场的情况下可长期地保留图象,而且可用轻质的、柔软的、可折叠的材料制造,并具有普通书写纸的许多常见的和有用的特征。这样,至少在原理上,它们适于作显示器用,并可被称为电子纸或作对话纸用,从而可用电寻址并可重复使用(对环境有利)而代替普通的纸。吉利康的其它优点可参看上面参考引用的美国专利第5,389,945号。
已知的吉利康显示器使用球形制品(例如双色球)作为它们的基本显示元件。有很好的理由来选用球形制品。具体来说:
*有许多技术可用来方便地制造球形双色球。在这方面,可参看上面参考引用的第5,262,098号和第5,344,594号美国专利。
*球体在三个方向上是对称的。这意味着用球形制品制造吉利康显示器片是直截了当的。它只需要将球分布在一弹性基体里,然后用绝缘液体膨胀,以形成环绕着球的球形空腔。小球可放置在基体的任何地方,且互相之间和相对基体表面可任意取向。球不需要互相对齐,也不需要与基体表面对齐。一旦安装到位,球可在空腔里环绕任何轴线自由转动。
的确,看起来似乎没有任何理由考虑用其它东西来代替球形制品作吉利康显示器的转动元件。
因此,没有一个人去做---直到现在。
本发明的简要说明
本发明提供一种具有圆柱形的、而不是球形的转动元件的吉利康显示器。该元件可以是双色圆柱体,较佳的是互相平行对齐并紧密排列成一单层。紧密排列的单层结构与其它的高亮度的吉利康显示器相比提供了优良的亮度性能并相当容易制造。双色圆柱体可用将要描述的技术制造。包含圆柱体的基体可用弹性体膨胀技术制造,该技术可从球形制品吉利康显示器中了解到,它使用简单的励磁处理步骤,就可在片状器件里使圆柱体对齐。
此外,本发明将提供一种吉利康显示器,它与白纸相比具有良好的反射性能。一种用紧密排列的单层圆柱体制造的吉利康显示器,其中,安装着圆柱体,较佳的是矩形的紧密排列结构,这样,相邻圆柱体的表面将尽可能地互相靠拢。由本发明的吉利康显示器反射的光线基本上完全由单层圆柱体反射,从而不需要下层。通过圆柱体可获得的面积覆盖率大于通过单层均匀直径球体可获得的面积覆盖率。
另一方面,本发明提供一种包含一基体和许多非球形的(例如,基本圆柱形的)、置于该基体里的、光学各向异性的制品的器件。可实现使各制品可转动地安装,并使该制品置于该基体里;例如,该制品可转动地位于该基体里,或当在基体上进行非破坏性操作时可提供在基体里的转动。具体地说,该基体可用弹性体制造,而该弹性体可用一种液体膨胀,从而使制品可转动地位于其中。一种制品在处于可转动位置时是不固定在基体上的。一种显示器设备可由一器件加上装置(诸如一电极组件)组成,该装置可方便地使至少一个可转动地安装在该片器件的基体里的制品转动。
另一方面,本发明提供一种显示器件,它包括一具有一表面的基体和许多置于基本上是单层的该基体里的、非球形的、光学各向异性的制品。该制品(例如,圆柱体)的直线尺寸d(例如,直径)基本上是一致的,各制品具有一中心点,而在该层里的各对最靠近相邻的制品之间的平均距离是D,距离D是测量制品中心点之间得到的。各制品的可转动安装是可获得的,由此将制品安装在基体里。当一制品处于可转动的位置时是不固定在基体里的。制品基本上是互相紧密排列在一层里的,这样,制品的突出面积之和与基体表面的面积之比超过使用球而获得的面积覆盖率,该球具有直径d,成六角形紧密排列,且球中心之间测得的平均距离是D。如果比率D/d接近1.0,那么制品的突出面积之和与基体的表面积之比可超过一层直径为d的、成六角形排列几何结构的球体的、最大的、理论上可能的面积覆盖率,而该面积覆盖率大致等于90.7%。
通过参看下面的说明和附图可较清楚地了解本发明,其中,相同的标号表示相同的元件。
附图的简要说明
图1A是现有技术中的一示范性的吉利康(gyricon)显示器,它使用双色球;
图1B描述了现有技术中的一球形双色球;
图2描述了一双色圆柱体,并显示了它的直径和高度;
图3描述了在一弹性基体的空腔里的双色圆柱体;
图4描述了在理想的紧密排列单层里排列的双色圆柱体;
图5A-5B分别是本发明吉利康显示器一实施例的侧视图和俯视图,其中,长度直径比为1∶1的双色圆柱体排列在一单层结构里;
图6是本发明吉利康显示器另一实施例的侧视图,其中,双色圆柱体排列在一多层结构里,它具有相对较大的空腔;
图7-8是本发明吉利康显示器又一实施例的俯视图,其中,圆柱体分别对齐错开或随机取向地错开;
图9是本发明吉利康显示器又一实施例的俯视图,其中,圆柱体的长度直径比大于1∶1;
图10是用来制造现有技术中的双色球的旋转成形盘机构的侧视图;
图11是用来制造本发明的双色圆柱体的旋转成形盘机构的俯视图;以及
图12是本发明吉利康显示器的又一实施例,其中,没有弹性基体或其它包含空腔的基体,但使单层圆柱体保持在位置上。
详细说明
在本发明的较佳实施例里,双色圆柱体以紧密排列的单层平面方式排列,它们尽可能地互相靠近,从而覆盖着该单层平面。紧密排列的单层显示器的优点在悬而未决的、已转让的、序列号为08/713,935、题目为“单层吉利康显示器”的美国专利申请中进行了详细的讨论;这里只要说明紧密排列的单层显示器呈现出比通常的吉利康显示器优良的反射能力和亮度就够了,由吉利康元件覆盖的单层平面越多,显示器的反射能力和亮度就越好。
这里简要地引用序列号为08/713,935的美国专利申请:“在‘白’的状态下,本发明的显示器自双色球的最上层完全反射,更具体地说,自球的最上层的白的球形上表面反射。在一较佳实施例里,本发明的显示器由紧密排列成单层的双色球构成。
从理论上说,按照序列号为08/713,935的美国专利申请所述的紧密排列将完全覆盖着由单层吉利康元件形成的平面。然而,序列号为08/713,935的美国专利申请公开的显示器完全建立在现有技术的双色球基础上。因为平面状排列的球体不可能完全覆盖该平面,而必须包含空隙,故利用单层的直径一致的球形元件最好也只能获得约90.7%的面积覆盖率,这是通过六角形排列几何学得到的。可附加第二层较小的球来略微充填空隙,但这将使显示器的制造变得复杂,并在两种光损失、即由于未填满的空隙引起的光损失和由于较小的空隙球的黑半球吸收的光损失之间产生一折中方案。
本发明提供一紧密排列的单层吉利康显示器,其中,面积覆盖率可达到100%,且不需要填空隙的东西。它使用圆柱体,而不是球形双色元件。例如,可使圆柱体构成一矩形平面单层,且完全或几乎完全覆盖该平面。因此,各圆柱体突出面积之和超过基体表面积的三分之二。由于圆柱体的白的一面面对观察者,几乎没有光线可经过该层。
图2描述了一种双色圆柱体20,它适于作本发明吉利康显示器的转动元件。圆柱体20具有白表面21和黑表面22。圆柱体的高度(或长度)是h,直径是d。圆柱体20的长度直径比在这里被限定为h/d。在有绝缘液体的情况下,圆柱体20是带电的偶极,其偶极矩较佳的是垂直于使圆柱体的白部分和黑部分分开的平面,并垂直经过圆柱体的纵向轴线。
图3描述了怎样使双色圆柱体排列在用于本发明的显示器里的弹性基体里。这里只显示了吉利康显示器30的一部分。在显示器30里,双色圆柱体31置于由绝缘液体(未画出)膨胀起来的一弹性基体32里,它形成有空腔33,其中,圆柱体31可环绕各自的纵向轴线自由转动。空腔33较佳的是在直径上不要比圆柱体大得太多,这样,圆柱体31被迫环绕着它们的中间轴线转动。圆柱体31在有绝缘液体的情况下是带电的偶极,从而在有电场的情况下发生转动。如图所示,圆柱体31可转动,从而面对观察者1或露出它们的白表面,或露出它们的黑表面。
图4描述了以紧密排列单层方式排列的双色圆柱体。吉利康显示器40的一部分包括具有一致直径的、成排排列的双色圆柱体41a和41b。圆柱体41a和41b以单层方式置于显示器40的上表面44a和下表面44b之间。较佳的是,一个圆柱体精确地位于上表面44a上的任一给定点和在其下的、在下表面44b上的一对应点之间。
圆柱体41a和41b的白表面朝向透明的观察表面44a。在这种结构里,来自光源L并入射在上表面44a上的光线被圆柱体41a和41b的白表面散射,并被反射,从而使观察者1可看到。这样,显示器40向观察者显示白的。
如图所示,圆柱体在该单层里被端部对端部对齐,即圆柱体41a的圆形端部与圆柱体41b的圆形端部对齐,各圆柱体41a的纵向轴线与各圆柱体41b的纵向轴线成一直线。还是如图所示,圆柱体在该单层里被肩并肩对齐,这样,相邻圆柱体41a的圆周互相接触,而相邻圆柱体41b的圆周同样互相接触。这种端部对端部、肩并肩的对齐,使圆柱体形成一矩形阵列,其结构可从上方(例如观察者1)通过表面44a看到。
较佳的是,在矩形阵列中的相邻圆柱体之间没有间隙。即,圆柱体41a和41b的端部与端部、侧面与侧面互相接触,或尽可能靠近地互相接触,并能使圆柱体适当地转动。因此,来自光源L的、被圆柱体的白表面散射的入射光线很少或没有机会向下进入黑表面,在那里,它将被吸收。同样地,入射光线很少或没有机会通过相邻的圆柱体之间,在那里,它将被吸收或在下表面44b之下。
图3-4以简化的形式描述了各种吉利康显示器,为清楚起见,与讨论无关的细节被省略了。图5A和5B分别提供了按照本发明一具体实施例的吉利康显示器50的详细的侧视图和俯视图。
在显示器50中,具有单位长度直径比(即1∶1)的双色圆柱体51排列成具有矩形排列几何结构的单层阵列。较佳的是,双色圆柱体51在该单层里尽可能互相靠近地放置。圆柱体51位于弹性基体52里,它由绝缘液体(未画出)膨胀,并形成可供圆柱体51自由转动的空腔53。空腔53相对圆柱体51被制得尽可能小,这样,圆柱体几乎填满空腔。而且,空腔53的位置尽可能互相靠近,这样,空腔壁将尽可能薄。较佳的是,圆柱体51具有一致的直径,并与上表面55具有相同的距离。最好显示器50里的圆柱体51和空腔53的排列能使相邻双色圆柱体之间的中心对中心的间隔和表面对表面的间隔减小到最低程度。
在有绝缘液体的情况下圆柱体51是电偶极,从而在有电场、如可矩阵寻址的电极54a和54b时发生转动。最靠近上表面55的电极54a较佳的是透明的。当圆柱体51转动而向基体52的上表面55露出它们的黑表面或白表面时,观察者1可看到由圆柱体51的黑白结构形成的图象。例如,观察者看到诸如圆柱体51a的白表面和诸如圆柱体51b的黑表面。
图5A的侧视图显示了显示器50的单层结构。图5B的俯视图描述了在该单层里的圆柱体51的矩形排列几何结构。透过上表面55可看到圆柱体51象正方形。圆柱体51的中心形成一正方形图案,如示范性的正方形S所示。
在表面55的平面内的圆柱体51的突出面积较佳的是尽可能多地覆盖表面55的平面的总面积。为此,空腔53较佳的是被制得尽可能小,理论上不大于圆柱体本身(或按照可使圆柱体适当转动来接近这个理论)。在观察表面55的平面内的圆柱体的突出面积的总和和观察表面55的总面积之间的比率越大,显示器的反射能力和亮度就越大。尽管球形双色球的最大面积覆盖率在理论上约是90.7%(统一直径,没有填隙的小球),而双色圆柱体的最大面积覆盖率则是100%。这样,用按照本发明紧密排列的单层圆柱体制造的吉利康显示器能比用紧密排列的单层双色球制造的吉利康显示器更亮。
图6显示了按照本发明另一实施例制造的吉利康显示器60的侧视图。在显示器60中,双色圆柱体61在顶层67中和在附加的下层(这里用第二层68表示)。弹性基体62由绝缘液体(未画出)膨胀,并产生供圆柱体61在其中自由转动的空腔63。在有绝缘液体的情况下,圆柱体61是电偶极,从而在电场、诸如可矩阵寻址的电极64a和64b的作用下发生转动。最靠近上表面65的电极64a最好是透明的。当圆柱体61转动而面对基体62的上表面65露出它们的黑表面或白表面时,观察者I可看到由圆柱体61的黑白颜色形成的图象。
为了改进显示器60的亮度,从而可与(图5A-5B中的)显示器50的亮度相比,顶层67可进行紧密排列,从而具有类似于显示器50中的紧密排列单层圆柱体51的排列几何结构和反射能力。在这种情况下,空腔63相对于圆柱体61、特别是相对于顶层的圆柱体被制得尽可能小,从而使圆柱体几乎填满空腔。空腔63尽可能互相靠近布置,从而使空腔壁尽可能薄。较佳的是,在顶层67里的圆柱体具有一致的直径,并位于与上表面65相同的距离上。如果顶层67被紧密排列,那么观察者I可看到的、被显示器60反射的几乎所有光线均是由顶层67里的圆柱体的白表面反射的。至少对于顶层67来说,在显示器60里的圆柱体61和空腔63的布置将相邻的双色圆柱体之间的中心对中心的间隔和表面对表面的间隔减少到最低程度。在下层(诸如第二层68)里的圆柱体也可紧密排列,以便降低整个显示器的厚度。
一般来说,单层显示器(诸如图5A-5B中的显示器50)比较厚的显示器(诸如图6中的显示器60)好。这是因为较薄的显示器可用较低的驱动电压工作,由此提供相应的优点,如减少电力消耗,改进使用者的安全,以及减少昂贵的驱动电子设备的可能性。此外,较薄的显示器可比较厚的显示器提供更好的分辨率,这是因为减少了在相邻的黑白象素之间的散射场。较厚的显示器提供了大量的散射场,其中,在散射场中的双色圆柱体部分地、而不是全部地转动,从而向观察者呈现出黑白混合色。因此,显示器在散射场区域内呈现灰白色。薄的显示设备有最低程度的散射场,因此在相邻的黑白象素之间提供清晰的分界线。(关于在厚的和薄的吉利康显示器里的散射场的更详细的讨论,以及这种场在显示分辨率方面的作用可见序列号为08/713,935的美国专利申请,并参考图14和其中的相关描述。)
虽然较佳的是在显示器的单层(或顶层)里让圆柱体的端部与端部、侧面与侧面对齐,从而形成一矩形阵列,但在替换的实施例里也可在一层里使用另外方式布置的圆柱体。图7-8显示了一些例子。
图7描述了在本发明一替换实施例里的吉利康显示器70的俯视图,其中,圆柱体71的相邻的排a和b是互相错开排列的。即,在排a里的圆柱体端部与端部互相对齐,而在另一排b里的圆柱体的端部也互相对齐,但排a里的圆柱体与排b里的圆柱体的侧面与侧面并不互相对齐。图7中的排列覆盖着平面,与图5B中的排列完全一样;然而,图5B中的排列可能是较佳的,因为这种排列形成较好限定的象素的矩形阵列,而象素如单个圆柱体一样小。
图8描述了在本发明一替换实施例里的吉利康显示器80的俯视图,其中,圆柱体81互相随机取向。即,圆柱体81的纵向轴线互不平行。这样排列的圆柱体覆盖的平面要比图5B和图7排列的圆柱体覆盖的平面小得多,因此,从最大程度的显示器反射能力的观点来看,这不是很好的。
图9描述了在本发明一替换实施例里的吉利康显示器90的俯视图,其中,圆柱体的长度直径比大于1∶1。该替换的实施例覆盖的平面可与图5B和图7中的覆盖的平面相比。在某些情况下它可能是有用的,例如,当在X和Y方向上(例如,一种显示设备有每英寸1200×300点的分辨率)需要不同的显示分辨率的时候。
圆柱体制造技术
图10(现有技术)描述了用来制造双色圆球的离心盘机构100。机构100等同于上述被引用的第5,262,098号美国专利公开的“离心盘结构50”;参看其中的图4以及在第4列第25行到第5列第7行的相关描述。
在该现有技术中,该离心盘机构与低粘度的可硬化的流体连接。低粘度被认为是必须的,以保证形成高质量的双色球;如果粘度太高,从离心盘射出的丝带将就地凝固,而不会分裂成所需要的球。例如,如第5,262,098号美国专利所述的(第5列第64行到第6列第2行),“在热的、熔融状态下,输送含有白的和黑的颜料的流体,……因此,它们自由流动而不会过早地硬化,即有足够长的时间防止丝带凝固。”
按照本发明,离心盘机构与高粘度的可硬化的流体连接。该流体的确可就地“凝固”(硬化),其结果不同于现有技术所希望的。然而,按照本发明,被认为不适合于制造双色球的凝固的丝带可用来制造双色圆柱体。图11描述了这种情况。这里用俯视图表示的离心盘110被用于按照第5,262,098号美国专利的技术,以形成双色丝带115,但使用高粘度的可硬化的白和黑流体,以代替现有技术中的低粘度流体。由此形成的丝带115凝固成细的双色丝(这大致与棉花糖机相类似,它利用离心喷射将熔融的糖凝固成丝)。可对丝带进行梳理或用其它的方法使其对齐,然后用碳化钨刀或激光将其切成同样的长度,从而形成所需的双色圆柱体。通过在进行切割的工作面上使丝带的端部严格对齐可使切割好的圆柱体端部对端部、侧面对侧面对齐;例如,如果圆柱体具有1∶1的长度直径比,并具有100微米的直径,那么,丝带端部可在相当于5到10微米的公差范围内互相对齐。
也可使用其它的技术来制造双色圆柱体。例如,可使用注射模制,虽然可能有些不适合。作为另一个例子,也可使用第5,344,594号美国专利公开的双色喷射技术,再用高粘度的可硬化的流体代替通常的低粘度的流体。
无空腔的圆柱体显示器
在用膨胀的弹性体制造的吉利康显示器里,各双色圆柱体位于一空腔里。为了在这种显示器里获得尽可能紧密排列的双色圆柱体,最好将空腔制得尽可能小和靠近。
为了获得较高的排列密度,可在没有弹性体和没有空腔的情况下制造吉利康显示器。在这种显示器里,双色圆柱体直接置于绝缘液体里。圆柱体和绝缘液体夹在两固定件(例如,在两寻址电极之间)里。没有弹性基体。在这种情况下,排列的几何结构可非常接近、或获得图4所示的理想的紧密排列的单层几何结构。
图12描述了无空腔的吉利康显示器的侧视图。在显示器1200里,单层的、一致直径的双色圆柱体1201位于在可矩阵寻址的电极1204a和1204b之间的绝缘液体里。较佳的是,单位长度直径比的圆柱体1201被排列在一矩形阵列里,并在该单层里端部对端部、侧面对侧面对齐,在可供圆柱体转动的情况下尽可能靠拢。在有绝缘液体1209的情况下,圆柱体1201是电偶极,从而在电场、诸如电极1204a和1204b的作用下发生转动。最靠近上表面1205的电极1204a最好是透明的,当圆柱体1201转动,向显示器1200的上表面1205露出它们的白表面和黑表面时,观察者I可看到由圆柱体1201的黑白颜色形成的图象。电极1204a和1204b可用来寻址圆柱体1201和将圆柱体1201和液体1209保持在位置上。较佳的是,电极1204a和1204b之间的间隔尽可能接近圆柱体1201的直径,以使圆柱体能适当转动。圆柱体1201和液体1209可密封在显示器1200里,例如,通过密封显示器的各端(未画出)。在单层里的圆柱体1201的紧密排列,以及电极1204a和1204b的稳定间隔可保证圆柱体1201不固定、移动、或脱离它们在单层里各自位置。
结论
一种新的、用圆柱形元件代替球形元件的吉利康显示器已经作了介绍。这种新的显示器使紧密排列的单层提供100%的面积覆盖率成为可能。这种显示器提供了优良的反射性能和亮度,但不需要填隙的物品。
上述具体的实施例只是实施本发明的几种可能的方案。在本发明的范围内还可以有许多其它的实施例。例如:
*吉利康圆柱体的电各向异性不必根据Z-电位。只要有一个与圆柱体有关的电偶极距就足够了,偶极距相对于圆柱体的长轴取向,以便在有外部电场的情况下,将方便圆柱体的转动。(通常,偶极距沿圆柱体的中间轴取向)。此外,应该看到,除了电偶极距外,吉利康显示器可以有电单极距,例如,当偶极距从不同大小的两个正电荷的分离而出现时,由此产生的电荷分布等效于与一个电偶极相叠加的正的电单极。
*吉利康圆柱体的光学各向异性不需要基于黑和白。例如,可使用具有两种不同颜色、如红与蓝的半球的双色圆柱体。作为另一个例子,在某些用途中可使用在一侧半球上是黑的而在另一侧被反射的圆柱体。一般来说,许多光学性能可以改变以便将吉利康圆柱体的不同用途展现给观察者,包括(但不限于)在光谱的一个或几个区域内的光线散射和光线反射。这样,吉利康圆柱体可在许多方面用来调整光线。
*射到吉利康显示器上的入射光不一定限于可见光。提供适当的材料给吉利康圆柱体,入射“光”例如可是红外线或紫外线,且这种光线可由吉利康显示器调整。
*在某些场合,上面的描述涉及到双色圆柱体的平面单层。然而,本技术领域的技术人员将会看到,用柔软材料制造的吉利康显示器(或用于这种显示器的一片双色圆柱体)可能被暂时地或永久地变形(例如弯曲、折叠或卷曲),从而不是绝对的平面。在这种情况下,可将单层平面限定(例如)在一局部平面内,它包括吉利康圆柱体或感兴趣的其它圆柱体。还可看到,在实际使用中,单层还会与已描述的形式略有改变。例如,由于制造误差或具体的吉利康片的轻微缺陷。
因此,本发明的范围并不限于上述描述,而是由附后的权利要求书并结合其等同物的全部范围确定。
Claims (21)
1.一种显示器件,包括:
一基体;以及
许多置于该基体里的、圆柱形的、光学各向异性的制品,当所述制品置于该基体里时,可获得各制品的可转动安装,当各制品处于可转动安装时,它们不固定在基体上;
所述圆柱形制品具有一纵向轴线,其平行于基体,当各制品处于可转动安装时,各制品可方便地环绕制品的纵向轴线转动。
2.如权利要求1所示的器件,其特征在于:
该基体具有一表面,该表面具有一面积;以及
该许多制品包括一组紧靠基体表面设置的制品,该组制品形成一单层,其中,在制品的纵向轴线平行于该层的情况下安装各制品,
在该层里的各制品相对于基体表面具有相同的距离,
在该层里的各制品具有相对于基体表面的突出面积,在该层里的一组制品互相紧密排列,它们突出面积之和超过基体表面面积的三分之二。
3.如权利要求1所述的器件,其特征在于,各制品具有各向异性,以提供一电偶极距,该电偶极距给制品提供电响应,这样,当制品可转动地置于电场里并同时提供电偶极距时,制品向一方向转动,使电偶极距与电场对齐。
4.如权利要求1所述的器件,其特征在于,该制品置于一单层里。
5.如权利要求1所述的器件,其特征在于,该制品以紧密排列结构放置。
6.如权利要求5所述的器件,其特征在于,该制品紧密排列,使各制品与相邻的制品接触。
7.如权利要求1所述的器件,其特征在于,制品以单层方式排列,以便制品的纵向轴线与该层平行并互相平行。
8.如权利要求7所述的器件,其特征在于:
该基体具有一表面,该表面具有一面积;
各制品具有一相对于基体表面的突出面积;以及
各制品紧密排列,而突出面积之和超过基体表面面积的三分之二。
9.如权利要求7所述的器件,其特征在于,制品以紧密排列成单层的方式安装。
10.如权利要求7所述的器件,其特征在于:
基体具有一表面,该表面具有一面积;
该层制品是由全部制品中最靠近基体表面的那些制品形成的;
在该层里的各制品相对于基体表面具有相同的距离,
在该层里的各制品具有相对于基体表面的突出面积,在该层里的一组制品互相紧密排列,它们突出面积之和超过基体表面面积的三分之二。
11.如权利要求7所述的器件,其特征在于:
各制品具有第一和第二端;以及
该层里的制品被排列成一矩形排列阵列,
阵列里的相邻制品的第一端互相对齐,
阵列里的相邻制品的第二端互相对齐。
12.如权利要求1所述的器件,其特征在于:
各制品的第一和第二区域是半圆柱形区域,它们与它们之间的一平面交界面连接,该交界面包括该制品的纵向轴线;以及
可转动安装的各制品使其可方便地环绕制品的纵向轴线转动。
13.如权利要求1所述的器件,其特征在于,各制品具有导致所述制品光学各向异性的组成区域,该区域包括具有第一光学调制特性的第一区域和具有第二光学调制特性的第二区域。
14.如权利要求13所述的器件,其特征在于,各制品的第一组成区域光学反射,而各制品的第二组成区域光学吸收。
15.如权利要求1所述的器件,其特征在于,基体包括一弹性体,它能在流体的作用下膨胀,并使制品可在其中转动。
16.一种显示设备,包括:
一器件,该器件包括:一基体;以及许多置于该基体里的、圆柱形的、光学各向异性的制品,当所述制品置于该基体里时,可获得各制品的可转动安装,当各制品处于可转动安装时,它们不固定在基体上,所述圆柱形制品具有一纵向轴线,其平行于基体,当各制品处于可转动安装时,各制品可方便地环绕制品的纵向轴线转动;以及
使可转动地置于一器件的基体里的至少一个制品转动的装置。
17.如权利要求16所述的设备,其特征在于,
所述各制品具有各向异性,以提供一电偶极距,该电偶极距给制品提供电响应,这样,当制品可转动地置于电场里并同时提供电偶极距时,制品向一方向转动,使电偶极距与电场对齐;以及所述使可转动地置于一器件的基体里的至少一个制品转动的装置可产生电场。
18.一种显示设备,包括:
一具有光学传送观察表面的部件;
许多圆柱形的、光学各向异性的制品,它们可转动地置于该观察表面的后面,该观察表面相对于一有利于观察该观察表面的观察者设置,观察者通过观察表面至少可看到一些制品,所述圆柱形制品具有一纵向轴线,其平行于基体,当各制品处于可转动安装时,各制品可方便地环绕制品的纵向轴线转动,
各制品具有各向异性,以提供一电偶极距,该电偶极距给制品提供电响应,这样,当制品可转动地置于电场里并同时提供电偶极距时,制品向一方向转动,使电偶极距与电场对齐;
相对于观察表面使如此设置的制品保持在位置上的装置;以及
通过有选择地提供电场给提供有电偶极矩的制品、从而使至少一个这种制品转动的装置。
19.如权利要求18所述的设备,其特征在于,将制品保持在位置上的装置包括一基体,制品可转动地安装在该基体里。
20.一种显示器件,包括:
一具有一表面的基体,该表面具有一面积;以及
许多成单层地置于该基体里、圆柱形的、光学各向异性的制品,上述制品的直线尺寸d是一致的,各制品具有一中心点,而在该层里的各对相邻的制品之间的平均距离是D,所述的距离D是测量制品中心点之间得到的,
各制品的可转动安装是可获得的,由此将制品安装在基体里,当所述制品处于所述可转动位置时是不固定在基体里的,所述圆柱形制品具有一纵向轴线,其平行于基体,当各制品处于可转动安装时,各制品可方便地环绕制品的纵向轴线转动,
制品是互相紧密排列在一层里的,这样,制品的突出面积之和与基体表面的面积之比超过使用球而获得的面积覆盖率,该球具有直径d,成六角形紧密排列,且球中心之间测得的平均距离是D。
21.如权利要求20所述的器件,其特征在于,使比率D/d接近1.0,
由此,制品的突出面积之和与基体的表面积之比可超过一层直径为d的、成六角形排列几何结构的球体的、最大的、理论上可能的面积覆盖率,所述最大的、理论上可能的面积覆盖率大致等于90.7%。
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US2052296P | 1996-06-27 | 1996-06-27 | |
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US (1) | US6055091A (zh) |
EP (1) | EP0846314B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JPH11514104A (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1147830C (zh) |
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BR (1) | BR9702327A (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2229809C (zh) |
DE (1) | DE69708029T2 (zh) |
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-
1996
- 1996-09-13 US US08/716,672 patent/US6055091A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1997
- 1997-06-25 DE DE69708029T patent/DE69708029T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-06-25 WO PCT/US1997/010123 patent/WO1997050071A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1997-06-25 CA CA002229809A patent/CA2229809C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-06-25 AU AU33875/97A patent/AU3387597A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1997-06-25 JP JP10503118A patent/JPH11514104A/ja active Pending
- 1997-06-25 BR BR9702327-2A patent/BR9702327A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-06-25 CN CNB971907587A patent/CN1147830C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-06-25 MX MX9801551A patent/MX9801551A/es not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-06-25 EP EP97929928A patent/EP0846314B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US6055091A (en) | 2000-04-25 |
DE69708029T2 (de) | 2002-04-11 |
BR9702327A (pt) | 1999-12-28 |
AU3387597A (en) | 1998-01-14 |
DE69708029D1 (de) | 2001-12-13 |
EP0846314B1 (en) | 2001-11-07 |
CA2229809C (en) | 2005-10-18 |
MX9801551A (es) | 1998-05-31 |
JPH11514104A (ja) | 1999-11-30 |
CA2229809A1 (en) | 1997-12-31 |
EP0846314A1 (en) | 1998-06-10 |
WO1997050071A1 (en) | 1997-12-31 |
CN1196812A (zh) | 1998-10-21 |
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