CN1147495A - 烯烃异构化的方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
烯烃异构化中用作催化剂的硅质物,在300-750℃的温度下、由向其上通过蒸汽预处理。具体地,通过正丁烯的异构化选择性地制备异丁烯。
Description
本发明涉及烯烃的异构化。更具体地,本发明涉及改进在硅质物(silicalite)上烯烃异构化的方法。
这里所用的硅质物是未改性的结晶二氧化硅多晶形物,如US4061724-A中所公开的;所说的专利公开了一种制备硅质物的方法。
US4587375-A公开了一种正丁烯异构化的方法,该方法包括:—提供一种包括至少10%(体积)正丁烯的进料;和—在至少约300℃和有蒸汽存在下,以水/进料的摩尔比为约0.5-5,把所说的进料同硅质物接触。然而,这个方法的反应产物含有水。另外,这个方法产生过量的液体副产物。此外,已观察到对于该方法的工业化应用硅质物失活过高。
因此,有必要在该技术领域内对现有用硅质物的烯烃异构化方法进行改进。
本发明的方法包括以下步骤:—在300-750℃温度下将纯的或用惰体气体稀释了的蒸汽通过硅质物;—提供一种进料,该进料包括:(i)至少10%(体积)的正丁烯,和,如果有的话,(ii)异丁烯,异丁烯与正丁烯之比最大为1∶2;—在至少500℃温度下,将所说的进料通过所说的硅质物;和—回收异丁烯含量增加的蒸汽。
硅质物如前定义。在温度为300-750℃、优选为450-600℃,纯的或用惰性气体稀释的蒸汽通过硅质物,这里所用的惰性气体是指在相应温度下不与硅质物反应的气体,如氮气。稀释系数,如果有的话,可为1∶99-99∶1。硅质物必须用蒸汽处理至少24小时,优选至少72小时。通常使用大气压,但可以使用更高或更低的压力。在该步骤中所用的空间速度一般为每小时每毫升硅质物1-100毫升水,优选约为10ml/ml·h。这里所有的空间速度中的体积是在标准温度和压力下测得的。
该进料必须含有至少10%(体积)正丁烯和异丁烯(如果有的话),异丁烯与正丁烯之比最大为1∶2(优选<1∶5,最优选<1∶10);其余组份是其它的烃类。优选该进料是贫异丁烯C4烃的混合物,例如,从甲基叔丁基醚(MTBE)单元中回收的C4烃混合物。另外一些进料可是流化床催化裂化(FCC)废气和热裂解废气。
在温度至少500℃、优选500-600℃下该进料从硅质物上通过。该步骤在气相中进行,优选在约大气压下进行。空间速度可在0.05-50/h间变化,优选为0.5-30/h。
特别优选把存在于排放物中的未反应烃类与存在于所说的排放物中的异丁烯分离,然后将该未反应的烃类返回到进料。
硅质物一般是通过挤压(extrusion)成形。该硅质物也一般与无机基质物(经常为指定的粘结剂)复合(优选在所说的挤压过程中),因为在反应区域的正常装卸期间以及在该流程中,它会受到磨损和产生破裂。当使用基质物时,特别优选该基质物实质上没有活跃的烃转化;最优选挤压的二氧化硅多晶硅质物催化剂,主要由硅质物组成。适当的基质物可选自氧化铝、二氧化硅、氧化锆、二氧化硅-氧化镁和陶土;一般优选氧化铝。
蒸汽处理可在挤压之前进行,优选在没有添加剂的单独的硅质物上进行,或在挤出之后进行。
可通过周期性停止进料物流并用选自惰性气体、氧化气体和它们的混合物,优选用空气,在300-750℃,优选为450-675℃,最优选为600℃下对硅质物进行洗提,来提高该硅质物的工作寿命。这里所用的惰性气体在相应温度下自身不与硅质物发生反应的气体,如氮气;这里所用的氧化气体(如氧气)是指将在相应温度下与硅质物上的碳沉积物发生反应,形成碳氧化物的气体。洗提是在1个大气压至1MPa、优选高于1个大气压至0.5MPa下、最优选在约0.3MPa的压力下进行。洗提要进行到出口处气体的组份基本上等于进口处气体的组份为止;当使用氧化气体时,很方便在出口气体中监测二氧化碳的浓度。再生后的性能基本上等同于初始观察到的性能。
现通过下列实施例说明本发明。
实施例1
从MTBE单元中回收贫异丁烯的C4烃混合物,该混合物具有下列组份(重量百分比):
C3烃 0.2正丁烷 12.0异丁烷 31.21-丁烯 22.0顺式-2-丁烯 11.9反式-2-丁烯 18.4异丁烯 3.2C5和更高级 1.1
得到一种市售的催化剂,该催化剂具有下列性质:(a)硅质物 80%(重量)SiO2/AL2O3摩尔比 240晶体尺寸 0.001-0.01mm表面积 357m2/g在28°(2θ)的δd 0.0035 nm(CoKα x-射线衍射)晶体结构 单斜晶Na2O <500ppmwK2O <500ppmw(b)AL2O3粘合剂 20%(重量)
在下列条件下蒸汽处理15ml催化剂:—每小时90升氮气和190毫升水的流量;—温度以52.5℃/h的速率从25℃升到550,然后550℃的温度保持96小时;—大气压。
把10ml蒸汽处理过的催化剂加入反应器,并在大气压和550℃下向其通入20标准升/小时(NL/h)的空气以预处理该催化剂10小时。
然后在下列操作条件下该进料通过该催化剂:—大气压—550℃(等温反应器)—液体时空间速度(LHSV)=25l/l·h—向下流动的方式
12天后,中断该进料物流以洗提该催化剂,直到出口处CO2的浓度低于100ppm为止,洗提是用每小时30标准升(NL)的空气在0.3MPa的表压、580℃下进行的。
然后该进料在前面同样的条件下通过该再生的催化剂。
结果列于表1。转化率和产率按下式计算:
表2中,已计算出第一次运转中的各种烃的产率,使用上式并在细节上已作必要的修正。
表1:实施例1和比较例A所得的结果
实施例1 比较例A
天 转化率% 产率% 转化率% 产率%
1 49 21.7 86 5.1
2 54 18.3 84 7.3
3 55 21.1 80 10.2
4 56 20.9 74 14.5
5 57 20.6 61 19.8
6 57 20.5 43 17.5
7 57 20.5 20 10.0
8 56 20.6 (停止)
9 56 20.7
10 55 19.0
11 51 20.9
12 49 21.4
13 42 20.4
14 49 20.9
15 53 20.3
16 54 20.2
17 54 19.4
18 54 19.2
19 54 20.5
20 53 19.1
21 49 20.5
22 49 19.7
23 47 19.9
24 46 20.9
(停止)表2:第一次运行中各种烃的产率%
实施例1 比较例A 实施例2 比较例2甲烷 +0.1 +1.0 +0.1 +0.8乙烷 0.0 +0.9 0.0 +0.9乙烯 +0.8 +13.3 +0.5 +15.4丙烷 +0.1 +6.5 +0.3 +6.2丙烯 +11.6 +28.8 +7.5 +35.6丁烷 +1.5 0.0 0.0 +0.3异丁烯 +21.7 +5.1 +22.8 +2.4戊烷 0.0 +3.7 0.0 +1.7戊烯 +11.2 +4.7 +7.9 +7.0C>5 +2.0 +22.0 +1.0 +14.8
比较例A
重复实施例1,但省掉催化剂的蒸汽处理步骤。该结果也列于表1和表2。
容易看出,预先蒸汽处理催化剂有着显著提高催化剂的使用寿命(表1)和异丁烯的选择率(表2)及减少液体副产物(C>5)的意想不到的效果。
实施例2
用市售的没有粘结剂的硅质物催化剂重复实施例1。得到的市售催化剂具有下列性质:SiO2/AL2O3摩尔比 240晶体尺寸 0.001-0.01 mm表面积 399m2/g在28°(2θ)的δd 0.0035nm(CoKα x-射线衍射)晶体结构 单斜晶Na2O <500ppmwK2O <500ppmw
结果列于表3。象实施例1中一样计算转化率和产率。表2中,象实施例1中一样计算出第一次运行中各种烃的产率。表3:实施例2和比较例B的所得结果
实施例2 比较例B
天 转化率% 产率% 转化率% 产率%
1 40.0 20.2 85.1 2.4
2 39.9 19.6 84.6 2.9
3 37.3 19.0 83.8 3.5
4 35.7 1 8.4 82.0 4.3
5 33.7 17.9 79.9 5.7
6 35.2 17.2 74.3 9.6
7 30.6 16.2 67.6 14.2
8 29.3 15.0 55.9 19.1
9 23.5 15.2 32.9 16.2
10 21.7 13.8 17.7 9.5
11 19.0 12.8 10.5 4.7
12 24.3 16.2 7.3 2.4
(停止) (停止)
比较例B
重复实施例2,但省掉硅质物的蒸汽处理步骤。该结果也列于表2和表3。
容易看出,预先蒸汽处理没有粘结剂的硅质物催化剂具有显著提高该催化剂的使用寿命(表3)和异丁烯的产率(表2)的效果。
值得一提的是液态烃(C>5)的产率明显降低。
实施例3
用市售没有粘结剂的硅质物催化剂重复实施例2。从MTBE单元中回收贫异丁烯C4烃的混合物;该混合物具有下列组份(重量%)。C3烃 0.2正丁烷 11.3异丁烷 35.71-丁烯 19.2顺式-2-丁烯 12.2反式-2-丁烯 17.7异丁烯 1.8C5和更高级 1.5
得到一种市售的催化剂,该催化剂具有下列性质:SiO2/Al2O3摩尔比 50.4晶体尺寸 0.001-0.01mm表面积 441m2/g在28°的δd -晶体结构 <60%单斜晶Na2O <500 ppmwK2O <500ppmw
结果列于表4。象实施例1中一样计算转化率和产率。表5中,象实施例1中一样计算出第一次运行中各种烃的产率。
表4:实施例3和比较例C的结果
实施例3 比较例C
天 转化率% 产率% 转化率% 产率%
1 51 17.6 93 1.1
2 50 18.2 86 5.5
3 46 17.5 73 13.7
4 44 17.2 36 19.7
5 41 16.7 8 4.6
6 42 17.6 3 1.0
7 43 16.1 (停止)
8 43 16.1
9 38 16.3
10 40 16.3
11 33 14.9
12 29 13.2
(停止)
表5:第一次运行中实施例3和比较例C中各种烃的产率%
实施例3 比较例C
甲烷 +0.0 4.6
乙烷 +0.0 4.5
乙烯 +1.1 13.9
丙烷 +0.2 29.8
丙烯 +14.3 21.0
丁烷 +1.6 0.0
异丁烯 +17.6 1.1
戊烷 +1.1 2.0
戊烯 +10.6 1.2
C>5 +4.0 14.7
比较例C
重复实施例3,但省掉硅质物的蒸汽处理步骤。该结果也列于表4和表5。
实施例4
用制备的没有粘结剂的硅质物催化剂重复实施例2。该催化剂是根据专利4,061,724制备的。
从MTBE单元中回收贫异丁烯C4烃混合物;该混合物含有下列组份(重量百分比):C3烃 0.1正丁烷 12.4异丁烷 19.31-丁烯 36.5顺式-2-丁烯 7.7反式-2-丁烯 15.8异丁烯 1.2C5和更高级 7.1
经制备得到该催化剂,这种催化剂具有下列性质:SiO2/Al2O3摩尔比 892晶体尺寸 0.001-0.01 mm表面积 394m2/g在28°的δd -晶体结构 ··%单斜晶Na2O <500ppmwK2O <500ppmw
结果列于表6;象实施例1中一样计算转化率和产率。表7中,象实施例1中一样计算出第一次运行中各种烃的产率。
表6:实施例4和比较例D的结果
实施例3 比较例D
天 转化率% 产率% 转化率% 产率%
1 64 18.0 82 9.7
2 62 17.8 80 10.7
3 53 22.1 77 13.3
4 55 20.8 75 14.6
5 52 22.5 72 16.3
6 50 23.3 70 17.9
7 49 23.5 67 18.4
8 48 24.0 61 21.8
9 48 23.3 56 23.1
10 48 20.8 58 21.3
11 47 22.8 59 19.9
12 49 19.2 47 17.4
13 43 20.5 41 11.2
(停止) (停止)
表7:实施例4和比较例D第一次运行中各种烃的产率%
实施例4 比较例D
甲烷 +0.2 0.9
乙烷 +0.0 0.3
乙烯 +2.3 9.3
丙烷 +0.3 1.8
丙烯 +21.6 33.6
丁烷 +4.5 4.6
异丁烯 +18.0 9.7
戊烷 +0.0 2.1
戊烯 +15.4 9.0
C>5 +1.7 10.7
比较例D
重复实施例4,但省掉该硅质物的蒸汽处理步骤。该结果也列于表6和表7。
实施例2-4表明该蒸汽处理稳定了丁烯的转化和异丁烯的生产。当不希望受一种理论束缚时,相信经蒸汽处理后孔隙被硅质物的脱铝作用所阻塞,该过程稳定了异丁烯的产率。
Claims (9)
1、烯烃异构化的方法,包括下列步骤:
—在300-750℃的温度下,向硅质物上通过纯的或用惰体气体稀释过的蒸汽;
—提供一种进料,该进料含有(i)至少10%(体积)的正丁烯,和(ii)如果有的话,异丁烯,异丁烯与正丁烯之比的最大值为1∶2;
—在至少500℃温度下,向所说的硅质物上通过所说的进料;和
—回收异丁烯含量增加了的蒸汽。
2、权利要求1的方法,其中蒸汽在450-600℃的温度下通过硅质物。
3、权利要求1或2的方法,其中蒸汽用惰性气体以1∶99-99∶1的比例稀释。
4、权利要求1至3中任意一项的方法,其中蒸汽通过硅质物至少24小时,优选至少72小时。
5、权利要求1至4中任意一项的方法,其中在每小时每毫升硅质物1-100毫升水、优选10毫升水的空间速度下,蒸汽通过硅质物。
6、权利要求1至5中任意一项的方法,还包括下列步骤:把存在于排放物中未反应的烃类与存在于其中的异丁烯分离;将该未反应的烃类返回到该进料。
7、权利要求1至6中任意一项的方法,其中使用基本上由硅质物构成的经挤压的多晶形硅质物催化剂。
8、权利要求7的方法,其中在挤压之前蒸汽通过硅质物。
9、权利要求1至8中任意一项的方法,用于把正丁烯选择性地异构化为异丁烯。
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EP95112725 | 1995-08-11 | ||
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CA002183713A CA2183713A1 (en) | 1995-08-11 | 1996-08-20 | Process for the isomerization of olefins |
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EP (1) | EP0758635B1 (zh) |
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CN100386139C (zh) * | 2005-06-03 | 2008-05-07 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | 窄馏份液相烃类惰性气推动建立气相循环方法及装置 |
CN102417431A (zh) * | 2011-10-14 | 2012-04-18 | 北京华福工程有限公司 | 一种正丁烯固定床催化异构方法 |
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LU85285A1 (fr) * | 1984-04-03 | 1985-11-27 | Labofina Sa | Procede d'isomerisation d'olefines |
LU86277A1 (fr) * | 1986-01-29 | 1987-09-03 | Labofina Sa | Procede de traitement catalytique |
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CN102464554A (zh) * | 2010-11-17 | 2012-05-23 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 烯烃双键异构化的方法 |
CN102464554B (zh) * | 2010-11-17 | 2014-04-23 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 烯烃双键异构化的方法 |
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ES2139999T3 (es) | 2000-02-16 |
CA2183713A1 (en) | 1998-02-21 |
ATE186716T1 (de) | 1999-12-15 |
DK0758635T3 (da) | 2000-05-15 |
NO963324L (no) | 1997-02-12 |
BR9603349A (pt) | 1998-05-12 |
NO315464B1 (no) | 2003-09-08 |
RU2156755C2 (ru) | 2000-09-27 |
CN1060459C (zh) | 2001-01-10 |
JPH09136847A (ja) | 1997-05-27 |
AU6202496A (en) | 1997-02-13 |
AU694675B2 (en) | 1998-07-23 |
KR100445116B1 (ko) | 2004-10-28 |
DE69605160D1 (de) | 1999-12-23 |
EP0758635B1 (en) | 1999-11-17 |
SI0758635T1 (en) | 2000-02-29 |
EP0758635A1 (en) | 1997-02-19 |
US5902920A (en) | 1999-05-11 |
GR3032640T3 (en) | 2000-06-30 |
DE69605160T2 (de) | 2000-04-20 |
KR970010715A (ko) | 1997-03-27 |
NO963324D0 (no) | 1996-08-09 |
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