CN114731885A - Seedling growing method for eucommia ulmoides - Google Patents
Seedling growing method for eucommia ulmoides Download PDFInfo
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- CN114731885A CN114731885A CN202210187278.9A CN202210187278A CN114731885A CN 114731885 A CN114731885 A CN 114731885A CN 202210187278 A CN202210187278 A CN 202210187278A CN 114731885 A CN114731885 A CN 114731885A
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- 241000208689 Eucommia ulmoides Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 241000404844 Callicarpa nudiflora Species 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- IDGUHHHQCWSQLU-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethanol;hydrate Chemical compound O.CCO IDGUHHHQCWSQLU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 241001146210 Senecio scandens Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000283690 Bos taurus Species 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 241000208688 Eucommia Species 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000007605 air drying Methods 0.000 description 5
- 235000014347 soups Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 4
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- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 description 3
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- IXORZMNAPKEEDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N gibberellic acid GA3 Natural products OC(=O)C1C2(C3)CC(=C)C3(O)CCC2C2(C=CC3O)C1C3(C)C(=O)O2 IXORZMNAPKEEDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000003448 gibberellin Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 3
- 241000208686 Eucommiaceae Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000006679 Mentha X verticillata Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000002899 Mentha suaveolens Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000001636 Mentha x rotundifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 2
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- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000001963 growth medium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000003734 kidney Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 210000004185 liver Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 206010000234 Abortion spontaneous Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000008035 Back Pain Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229920001342 Bakelite® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 description 1
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- 208000027418 Wounds and injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000031975 Yang Deficiency Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000003044 adaptive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 206010003549 asthenia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004637 bakelite Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
- A01N65/08—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/22—Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
Abstract
The invention belongs to a cultivation method of economic tree species, and particularly relates to a seedling cultivation method of eucommia ulmoides. The seedling raising method of eucommia ulmoides comprises the following steps: (1) seed pretreatment: soaking seeds in hot water, then soaking in a seed soaking agent, taking out and airing to obtain seeds to be sowed; (2) sowing: selecting a sunny and fertile land, forming a transverse ditch on the carriage, adding seeds to be sowed, uniformly mixing with folium cortex eucommiae powder, spraying the mixture into the transverse ditch, adding a seedling culture substrate, and finally covering a layer of hay; (3) seedling stage management: fertilizing once 5-10 days after sowing; wherein the seed soaking agent in the step (1) is an extracting solution of callicarpa nudiflora and folium cortex eucommiae in a mass ratio of 2.5-3.5: 1. The eucommia seeds treated by the method have higher seedling rate after being sowed, have short seedling time and have important economic value.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to a cultivation method of economic tree species of traditional Chinese medicinal materials, and particularly relates to a seedling cultivation method of eucommia ulmoides.
Background
Eucommia ulmoides (known as Eucommia ulmoides Oliver), also known as Bakelite, is a plant of the family Eucommiaceae, and medicinal Eucommia ulmoides, i.e., dried bark of Eucommia ulmoides of the family Eucommiaceae, is a famous and precious Chinese medicinal material. It is sweet in taste and warm in nature. Has effects in tonifying liver and kidney, strengthening muscle and bone, regulating Chong and ren meridians, and preventing miscarriage. Can be used for treating lumbago, leg pain, soreness, weakness, and asthenia due to kidney yang deficiency, and symptoms such as hypochondriac instability, and scrotum pruritus due to liver qi deficiency.
It is listed as the superior in Shen nong Ben Cao Jing. In the modern traditional Chinese medicine formula, the bark is the medicinal part of eucommia bark, the regeneration capacity of the bark is limited, the new eucommia bark grows slowly, and the medicinal material resources of the eucommia bark at present can not meet the market requirements far away, so that a method for improving the survival rate of eucommia bark seedlings and shortening the seedling growing time is urgently needed to be researched. The seedling raising time of eucommia ulmoides in the prior art is long, the seedling rate and the transplanting survival rate are low, and the utilization of eucommia ulmoides medicinal material resources is directly influenced.
The Chinese patent application CN1582630A discloses a eucommia cultivation method, which comprises the steps of land selection and preparation, seeding and seedling raising and transplanting and field planting, and comprises the following steps: selecting land and preparing land: selecting sandy loam or loam plots, deeply ploughing for 30-40 cm to form flat beds or high beds with the width of 1-1.2 m, and making large ridges with the height of 15-20 cm or the width of about 40 cm; sowing and seedling raising: ditching is carried out on ridges or ridge surfaces, the row spacing is 20-30 cm, the ditch depth is 3-5 cm, the treated seeds are uniformly scattered in the ditches, the soil or fine sand is covered by 2-3 cm, water is poured, and grass is covered on the seeds; ③ transplanting and field planting: transplanting and field planting are carried out before buds of 1 year-old seedlings are opened, holes are dug according to the row spacing of the seedlings, the row spacing is 2m and the row spacing is 2m, the hole diameter and the hole depth are respectively 50 x 50cm, 1 seedling is planted in each hole, and the planting depth is slightly higher than the original soil trace of the seedling.
The invention discloses a rapid breeding method of an eucommia ulmoides fine variety grafted seedling, which aims at the outstanding problem that the breeding speed of the eucommia ulmoides fine variety seedling in China is slow, and researches a rapid breeding method of an eucommia ulmoides grafted seedling by adopting measures of treating seeds at low temperature in advance, breaking seed dormancy, sowing and breeding seedlings in a protected area in winter, grafting in advance, promoting the germination of grafted buds and the growth of germinated strips after grafting and the like. The grafting time of the eucommia ulmoides seedling is advanced from 8 months to the last ten days of 5 months, the height of the grafted seedling reaches 80-100 cm in the current year, the breeding period of the eucommia ulmoides fine variety grafted seedling is shortened, and the propagation speed of the eucommia ulmoides fine variety seedling is accelerated.
The methods explore the eucommia ulmoides seedling raising technology, so that the reproduction of eucommia ulmoides is accelerated to a certain extent, but the technology is still to be perfected, the survival rate of the seedling raising is low, the problem that medical resources of eucommia ulmoides are solved by grafting is extremely limited, and the fundamental seedling raising technology needs to be innovated, so that the reproduction and the growth of eucommia ulmoides plants are accelerated.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides the eucommia ulmoides seedling culture method which is short in seedling culture time and high in seedling rate.
In order to realize the purpose of the invention, the technical scheme is as follows:
a seedling raising method for eucommia ulmoides comprises the following steps:
(1) seed pretreatment: soaking seeds in hot water, then soaking in a seed soaking agent, taking out and airing to obtain seeds to be sowed;
(2) sowing: selecting a sunny and fertile land, forming transverse ditches on the compartment, adding seeds to be sowed, uniformly mixing the seeds with folium cortex eucommiae powder, spraying the mixture into the transverse ditches, adding a seedling raising matrix, and finally covering a layer of hay;
(3) seedling stage management: fertilizing once 5-10 days after sowing;
wherein the seed soaking agent in the step (1) is an extracting solution of callicarpa nudiflora and folium cortex eucommiae in a mass ratio of 2.5-3.5: 1.
Preferably, the temperature of the seed soaking in the step (1) is 50-70 ℃; the soaking temperature is 5-10 deg.C, 15-25 deg.C, and 30-35 deg.C in sequence.
Preferably, the seed soaking time in the step (1) is 3-5h, and the soaking time at 5-10 ℃, 15-25 ℃ and 30-35 ℃ is 12-24h, 5-10h and 24-30h respectively.
Preferably, the depth of the transverse groove is 7-10cm, and the groove distance is 21-25 cm.
Preferably, the preparation method of the seed soaking agent in the step (1) comprises the following steps:
1) pulverizing folium Callicarpae Formosanae and folium Eucommiae, and sieving with 60-80 mesh sieve;
2) soaking 60-75% Callicarpa nudiflora and folium Eucommiae in 5-10 times of 20-40% ethanol water at 70-85 deg.C to obtain leaching solution;
3) adding the rest Callicarpa nudiflora into the leaching solution, stirring, and mixing.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the seeds to be sowed to the eucommia ulmoides leaf powder in the step (2) is 1: 0.3-0.5.
Preferably, the seedling raising substrate in the step (2) is prepared by mixing the leaves and stems of traditional Chinese medicine dregs with fine soil after natural stacking and fermentation.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the traditional Chinese medicine dregs to the fine soil is 2-4: 1.
Preferably, the traditional Chinese medicine dregs are prepared by fermenting callicarpa nudiflora leaves, senecio scandens and folium cortex eucommiae through natural stacking in a field for three months.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the callicarpa nudiflora leaf to the senecio scandens leaf to the eucommia ulmoides leaf is 1:1-3: 0.2-0.4.
Preferably, the fertilizer applied comprises the decoction dregs, cowshed manure and human excrement of the extracting solution in the step (1).
Preferably, the mass ratio of the medicine dregs, the cowshed manure and the human excrement is 0.5-0.6: 1-2: 1, fertilizing 10-20 kg/mu in total.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) according to the invention, the extract of callicarpa nudiflora and folium cortex eucommiae is used as a seed soaking agent, the germination of seeds is promoted under the adaptive condition, and through experimental research, compared with the seed soaking agent adopting gibberellin and other seed soaking agents, the seedling time and the seedling rate of the seeds are obviously improved, and the growth of economic crops of cortex eucommiae is facilitated.
(2) The invention further researches a seedling culture medium suitable for the growth of eucommia ulmoides, and discovers that the fertility of soil can be effectively improved by fermenting callicarpa nudiflora leaves, groundsel and eucommia ulmoides leaf dregs and then mixing the fermented callicarpa nudiflora leaves, groundsel and eucommia ulmoides leaf dregs with fine soil, the moisture retention is good, the looseness is proper, the oxygen content of the soil is proper, and a suitable fertilizer is supplemented in the late stage of sowing, so that the seedling forming time of eucommia ulmoides seeds is greatly shortened, the seedling forming rate is further improved, and the survival rate after transplanting is also obviously higher than that of other seedling culture technologies.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following embodiments.
Example 1
A seedling raising method for eucommia ulmoides comprises the following steps:
(1) seed pretreatment: soaking seeds in warm soup, soaking seeds in 60 deg.C hot water for 5h, soaking in seed soaking agent at 5 deg.C, 15 deg.C and 30 deg.C for 24h, 10h and 24h, respectively, taking out, and air drying to obtain seeds to be sowed;
the preparation method of the seed soaking agent comprises the following steps:
s1: crushing callicarpa nudiflora and folium cortex eucommiae in a mass ratio of 3:1, and sieving with a 60-mesh sieve for later use;
s2: soaking 60% Callicarpa nudiflora and folium Eucommiae in 5 times of 40% ethanol water solution at 70 deg.C for 1 hr to obtain extractive solution;
s3: adding the rest Callicarpa nudiflora into the leaching solution, stirring, and mixing.
(2) Sowing: a gentle slope land with fertile soil, loose soil and good drainage performance, semi-yin and semi-yang is selected as a seedbed, the soil needs to be deeply ploughed, finely raked and leveled, a compartment with the width of 1.5 meters and the depth of 20 centimeters is made, and the compartment surface is in a tile back shape.
Drilling a transverse groove with the depth of 10cm and the groove distance of 25cm on a compartment, adding seeds to be sowed and eucommia leaf powder in a mass ratio of 1:0.3, uniformly mixing, spraying into the transverse groove, adding a seedling culture substrate, and finally covering a layer of hay to prevent freeze injury;
wherein the seedling substrate is prepared by mixing the leaves and stems of traditional Chinese medicine dregs with fine soil after natural stacking and fermentation, and the ratio of the leaves and stems to the fine soil is 2: 1; wherein the medicinal residues are prepared by fermenting folium Callicarpae Formosanae, Concha Haliotidis and folium Eucommiae in a ratio of 1:1:0.2 by natural piling in field for three months.
(3) Seedling stage management: and (3) after 5 days of sowing, performing field topdressing, wherein the fertilizer can be prepared from the dregs of the seed soaking agent in the step (1), cowshed manure and human excrement in a mass ratio of 0.5: 1:1, mixing, fertilizing without polluting seedling leaves, and fertilizing 15 kg/mu in total.
(4) Transplanting: the seedling height is more than 50cm, the proper time is selected, transplanting is carried out, the transplanting row spacing is 2m, the plant spacing is 1.5m, the hole digging depth is 35cm during transplanting, 10 kilograms of animal manure is applied to each hole to serve as base fertilizer, then the seedling is placed into the hole, the seedling is treaded down after planting, watering is carried out frequently, soil is kept moist to facilitate survival and accelerate growth, and besides the transplanting in pieces, the seedling can be planted in front of a house and behind a house and in the field and on the ground.
Example 2
A seedling raising method for eucommia ulmoides comprises the following steps:
(1) seed pretreatment: seed pretreatment: soaking seeds in warm soup, soaking seeds in hot water at 70 deg.C for 3h, soaking in seed soaking agent at 5 deg.C, 15 deg.C and 30 deg.C for 12h, 10h and 30h, respectively, taking out, and air drying to obtain seeds to be sowed;
the preparation method of the seed soaking agent comprises the following steps:
s1: crushing callicarpa nudiflora and folium cortex eucommiae in a mass ratio of 2.5:1, and sieving with a 80-mesh sieve for later use;
s2: soaking 75% Callicarpa nudiflora and folium Eucommiae in 8 times of 30% ethanol water solution at 85 deg.C for 1 hr to obtain extractive solution;
s3: adding the rest Callicarpa nudiflora into the leaching solution, stirring, and mixing.
(2) Sowing: a gentle slope land with fertile soil, loose soil and good drainage performance, semi-yin and semi-yang is selected as a seedbed, the soil needs to be deeply ploughed, finely raked and leveled, a compartment with the width of 1.5 meters and the depth of 20 centimeters is made, and the compartment surface is in a tile back shape.
Drilling a transverse groove with the depth of 8cm and the groove distance of 21cm on a compartment, adding seeds to be sowed and eucommia leaf powder in a mass ratio of 1:0.5, uniformly mixing, spraying in the transverse groove, adding a seedling culture medium, and finally covering a layer of hay to prevent freeze injury;
wherein the seedling substrate is prepared by mixing the leaves and stems of traditional Chinese medicine dregs with fine soil after natural stacking and fermentation, and the ratio of the leaves and stems to the fine soil is 3: 1; wherein the medicine residue is prepared by fermenting folium Callicarpae Formosanae, Concha Haliotidis and folium Eucommiae in a ratio of 1:3:0.4 by natural piling in field for three months.
(3) Seedling stage management: and (3) after 5 days of sowing, performing field topdressing, wherein the fertilizer can be prepared from the dregs of the seed soaking agent in the step (1), cowshed manure and human excrement in a mass ratio of 0.6: 2:1, mixing, fertilizing without polluting seedling leaves, and fertilizing 15 kg/mu in total.
(4) Transplanting: the seedling height is more than 50cm, the proper time is selected, transplanting is carried out, the transplanting row spacing is 2m, the plant spacing is 1.5m, the hole digging depth is 35cm during transplanting, 10 kilograms of animal manure is applied to each hole to serve as base fertilizer, then the seedling is placed into the hole, the seedling is treaded down after planting, watering is carried out frequently, soil is kept moist to facilitate survival and accelerate growth, and besides the transplanting in pieces, the seedling can be planted in front of a house and behind a house and in the field and on the ground.
Example 3
A seedling raising method for eucommia ulmoides comprises the following steps:
(1) seed pretreatment: soaking seeds in warm soup, soaking seeds in hot water of 50 deg.C for 5h, soaking in seed soaking agent of 5 deg.C, 15 deg.C and 30 deg.C for 24h, 5h and 24h, respectively, taking out, and air drying to obtain seeds to be sowed;
the preparation method of the seed soaking agent comprises the following steps:
s1: crushing callicarpa nudiflora and folium cortex eucommiae in a mass ratio of 3.5:1, and sieving with a 80-mesh sieve for later use;
s2: soaking 60% Callicarpa nudiflora and folium Eucommiae in 10 times of 20% ethanol water solution at 80 deg.C for 2 hr to obtain extractive solution;
s3: adding the rest Callicarpa nudiflora into the leaching solution, stirring, and mixing.
(3) Sowing: selecting a semi-yin and semi-yang gentle slope land with fertile and loose soil and good drainage as a seedbed, deeply ploughing the soil, finely harrowing the soil, and making a compartment with the width of 1.5 meters and the depth of 20 centimeters, wherein the compartment surface is in a tile back shape.
Drilling a transverse groove with the depth of 10cm and the groove distance of 25cm on a compartment, adding seeds to be sowed, uniformly mixing the seeds and eucommia leaf powder in a mass ratio of 1:0.3, spraying the mixture into the transverse groove, adding a seedling culture substrate, and finally covering a layer of hay to prevent freezing injury;
wherein the seedling substrate is prepared by mixing the leaves and stems of traditional Chinese medicine dregs with fine soil after natural stacking and fermentation, and the ratio of the leaves and stems to the fine soil is 4: 1; wherein the medicinal residue is prepared by fermenting folium Callicarpae Formosanae, Concha Haliotidis and folium Eucommiae in a ratio of 1:2:0.2 by natural stacking in field for three months.
(3) Seedling stage management: and (2) after 5 days, performing field topdressing, wherein the fertilizer can be prepared from the residues of the seed soaking agent in the step (1), cow dung and human excrement according to the mass ratio of 0.5: 1:1, mixing, fertilizing without polluting seedling leaves, and fertilizing 15 kg/mu in total.
(4) Transplanting: transplanting seedlings when the height of the seedlings is 70cm, wherein the transplanting row spacing is 2m, the plant spacing is 1.5m, digging holes with the depth of 35cm during transplanting, applying 10 kg of livestock manure in each hole to serve as base fertilizer, then placing the seedlings into the holes, treading the seedlings to be solid after planting, frequently watering the seedlings, keeping the soil moist to facilitate survival and accelerate growth, and besides sheet transplanting, the seedlings can be planted in front of and behind houses and in field corners.
Comparative example 1
This comparative example differs from example 1 in the pretreatment operation of the seeds. The specific operation is as follows: soaking seeds in warm soup, soaking seeds in 60 deg.C hot water for 5 hr while stirring, soaking in 5 deg.C 15 deg.C water for 24 hr and 10 hr respectively, soaking in 30 deg.C 0.03% gibberellin solution for 24 hr, taking out, and air drying to obtain seeds to be sowed;
comparative example 2
This comparative example differs from example 1 in the pretreatment operation of the seeds. The specific operation is as follows: soaking seeds in warm soup, soaking seeds in 60 deg.C hot water for 3 hr while stirring, soaking in 30 deg.C, 20 deg.C and 5 deg.C seed soaking agent for 12 hr, 6 hr and 24 hr respectively, taking out, and air drying to obtain seeds to be sowed;
the preparation method of the seed soaking agent comprises the following steps:
s1: pulverizing mint and folium cortex eucommiae in a mass ratio of 3:1, and sieving with a 60-mesh sieve for later use;
s2: soaking at 70 deg.C for 1 hr with 5 times of the above extract to obtain extractive solution.
Comparative example 3
The comparative example differs from example 1 in that the seedling substrate selected for seed sowing is different. The seedling culture substrate is prepared by mixing leaf and stem traditional Chinese medicine residues with fine soil after natural stacking and fermentation, wherein the ratio of the leaf and stem traditional Chinese medicine residues to the fine soil is 2: 1; wherein the medicine dregs are formed by mixing callicarpa nudiflora leaves and eucommia ulmoides leaves in a ratio of 1:1 and fermenting the mixture after the mixture is naturally stacked in a field for three months.
And (3) sowing 500 seeds in each group according to a breeding method, breaking soil of the eucommia ulmoides seedlings to grow 5 true leaves, considering that the eucommia ulmoides seeds are successfully grown into seedlings, transplanting the seedlings after the seedlings are grown, and counting the survival rate in the next year. The results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 statistical results of the seedling and survival rate of eucommia ulmoides
According to the seed soaking agent disclosed by the embodiment of the invention, the seeds are treated by adopting the ethanol extract of callicarpa nudiflora and folium cortex eucommiae, compared with the method that gibberellin is adopted for treating in a comparative example 1, and the mint and folium cortex eucommiae are adopted for treating in a comparative example 2, the seedling forming time is obviously shortened, the seedling forming development is fast, and the number of seedlings is also improved. Comparative example 3 compared with the example, the groundsel fermentation product is not added into the seedling substrate, and the seedling time and the survival rate after transplanting of the seeds are far inferior to those of the groundsel fermentation product.
The above detailed description is specific to one possible embodiment of the present invention, and the embodiment is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all equivalent implementations or modifications without departing from the scope of the present invention should be included in the technical scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A seedling raising method for eucommia ulmoides is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) seed pretreatment: soaking seeds in hot water, then soaking in a seed soaking agent, taking out and airing to obtain seeds to be sowed;
(2) sowing: selecting a sunny and fertile land, forming a transverse ditch on the carriage, adding seeds to be sowed, uniformly mixing with folium cortex eucommiae powder, spraying the mixture into the transverse ditch, adding a seedling culture substrate, and finally covering a layer of hay;
(3) seedling stage management: fertilizing once 5-10 days after sowing;
wherein the seed soaking agent in the step (1) is an extracting solution of callicarpa nudiflora and folium cortex eucommiae in a mass ratio of 2.5-3.5: 1.
2. A seedling raising method according to claim 1, wherein the temperature of the seed soaking in the step (1) is 50-70 ℃; the soaking temperature is 5-10 deg.C, 15-25 deg.C, and 30-35 deg.C in sequence.
3. A seedling raising method according to claim 2, characterized in that the seed soaking time in the step (1) is 3-5h, and the soaking time at 5-10 ℃, 15-25 ℃ and 30-35 ℃ is 12-24h, 5-10h and 24-30h respectively.
4. A method for raising seedlings according to claim 1, wherein the depth of the transverse furrow in step (2) is 7 to 10cm and the furrow distance is 21 to 25 cm.
5. A seedling raising method according to claim 1, characterized in that the preparation method of the seed soaking agent in step (1) comprises the steps of:
1) pulverizing folium Callicarpae Formosanae and folium Eucommiae, and sieving with 60-80 mesh sieve;
2) soaking 60-75% Callicarpa nudiflora and folium Eucommiae in 5-10 times of 20-40% ethanol water at 70-85 deg.C to obtain extractive solution;
3) adding the rest Callicarpa nudiflora into the leaching solution, stirring, and mixing.
6. A seedling raising method according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the seeds to be sowed to the eucommia ulmoides leaf powder in the step (2) is 1: 0.3-0.5.
7. A seedling raising method according to claim 1, wherein the seedling raising substrate in step (2) is prepared by mixing leaf and stem traditional Chinese medicine dregs with fine soil after natural stacking and fermentation; the mass ratio of the traditional Chinese medicine dregs to the fine soil is 2-4: 1; the traditional Chinese medicine dregs are formed by fermenting callicarpa nudiflora leaves, senecio scandens and folium cortex eucommiae through natural stacking in a field for three months.
8. A seedling raising method according to claim 7, wherein the mass ratio of the callicarpa nudiflora leaf to the senecio scandens leaf to the eucommia ulmoides leaf is 1:1-3: 0.2-0.4.
9. A method for raising seedlings according to any one of claims 2 to 8, wherein the fertilized fertilizer comprises dregs of the extract liquid, cattle pen manure and human excrement in step (1).
10. A seedling raising method according to claim 9, wherein the mass ratio of the medicine residue, cowshed manure and human excrement is 0.5-0.6: 1-2: 1, fertilizing 10-20 kg/mu in total.
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| CN116584293A (en) * | 2023-03-16 | 2023-08-15 | 中国长江三峡集团有限公司 | Method for efficiently breeding eucommia ulmoides in low-altitude area |
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