CN114714693A - 一种纳米纤维保暖材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种纳米纤维保暖材料及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN114714693A
CN114714693A CN202210137418.1A CN202210137418A CN114714693A CN 114714693 A CN114714693 A CN 114714693A CN 202210137418 A CN202210137418 A CN 202210137418A CN 114714693 A CN114714693 A CN 114714693A
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nanofiber
fabric
far infrared
layer
polyurethane
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蔡云屾
董祥
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Kuncheng New Material Technology Jiangsu Co ltd
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Kuncheng New Material Technology Jiangsu Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明提供了一种制备具有保暖、远红外、透湿、防水的作用外还具有轻薄的特性的复合面料和其制备方法。该轻薄纳米纤维保暖透湿面料包含外层支撑面料，纳米纤维远红外防水透湿层，纳米纤维保暖层和发热面料。通过静电纺丝工艺制备的带有远红外陶瓷颗粒的多孔网状纤维结构，具有远红外功能以外，还具有10000‑20000 g/m2/24h的透湿量和10–20m的耐静水压的能力。通过同轴静电纺丝工艺制备的聚氨酯中空纳米纤维作为保暖层具有极好的保暖效果。本发明所提供的保暖面料其厚度范围在2‑4.5mm，相较于传统保暖面料更加轻便，更能广泛的适用于户外运动，旅游，探险等领域。

Description

一种纳米纤维保暖材料及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明专利属于复合面料技术领域，尤其涉及纳米复合面料及其制备方法。
背景技术
现在，旅游、探险、极限运动已经成了人们生活重要的组成部分。尤其是近年来，越来越多的冬季运动项目也走进了大众的生活之中。因此在低温严寒、风吹雨淋，甚至阴暗潮湿等恶劣的环境下，服装成了抵御外部恶劣的环境的不可缺少的重要装备。传统的保暖面料虽然能做到一定的保暖功能，但是憋气，不防水，笨重等缺陷都成了影响其使用的痛点。
高分子纳米材料具有很多优异的特性，例如极小的纤维直径，极高的空隙率和极大的比表面积。将高分子纳米纤维无纺布开松后，其密度甚至能达到空气密度的1/6，具有极好的蓬松度，具有极好的保暖效果。高分子纳米纤维还是良好的载体，在高分子纳米纤维表面附着上功能性材料后（例如远红外材料，疏水疏油材料），由于其极大的比表面积，能很好的发挥功能性材料的性能。因此将纳米纤维材料用在复合面料领域，有很高的的潜在应用价值。
在目前的保暖透湿面料及其制备方法中，如专利申请号为202010824245.1、专利申请号为202010847288.1等公开的技术，实现了使用纳米纤维材料制备新型保暖材料的制备，但是在保暖层和发热层的制备工艺上还存在一些不足之处。
申请号为202010824245.1的中国发明专利所公布的一种石墨烯负离子发热内暖被，包括隔热保暖层和发热层。其隔热层是将含有纳米铝粉的纳米纤维以静电纺丝方式连续沉积在纤维素纤维上形成的，虽然其隔热层是纳米纤维，但是直接静电纺丝形成的纳米纤维较为致密，是一种平面的多孔膜结构，具有很低的蓬松度，其保暖性能并不好。其发热层是将石墨烯、水性负氧离子粉和远红外陶瓷粉按照比例混合，向其中添加抗菌剂和渗透剂，制备混合溶液，将混合溶液加入聚丙烯腈基聚合物中进行纺丝制得的，但是远红外陶瓷粉末的制热效果并不好，其可以作为一种辅助功能。
申请号为202010847288.1的中国发明专利所公布的一种组合嵌套式防寒服，兼具防风、防水、保暖、透湿的同时，还具有轻便、舒适、耐磨等特点，其保暖絮片为纳米纤维气凝胶。但是现阶段气凝胶的制备工艺复杂，制备价格昂贵。且该材料不具备远红外自发热功能，在保暖性能上会较差。
发明内容
应当理解的是前述理念和下面更详细讨论的另外的理念的全部组合（假定这样的理念不是相互矛盾的）被认为是此处公开的本发明主题的一部分。具体地，在本公开出现的所要求保护的主题的全部组合被认为是此处公开的本发明主题的一部分。还应当理解此处明确所用的术语可以出现于在此引入作为参考的任何公开中，其应当符合与此处公开的具体概念最一致的含义。
为了解决上述的现有纳米纤维保暖面料及其制备工艺中的不足，本发明提供了一种纳米纤维保暖材料及其制备方法。
本发明提供一种纳米纤维保暖材料，该面料具有保暖、远红外、透湿、防水的作用外还具有轻薄的特性，该面料包括外层面料100，纳米纤维远红外防水透湿层200，纳米纤维保暖层300，发热面料400。使其能更广泛的应用于户外用品领域中。
本发明提供一种纳米纤维保暖材料，外层面料100为保护支撑层，其材质为涤纶、尼龙、腈纶、皮革，克重为70–100gsm，厚度为0.3-0.5mm。其为面料提供一定的挺度和防皱性能。
本发明提供一种纳米纤维保暖材料，纳米纤维远红外防水透湿层200是用静电纺丝工艺形成的多孔网状结构的膜201，其材质为高分子聚氨酯，克重为6–15gsm，厚度为15-20μm，透湿量为10000-20000g/m2/24h，防水性能为耐10–20m静水压，纳米纤维远红外防水透湿膜上还携带着远红外纳米陶瓷颗粒202。具有较高的透湿量可以使面料在保温的同时具有更好的舒适度，其次10m以上的耐静水压能力，能使面料更广泛的使用在户外用品领域中。此外，较高的透湿量还能使内层的吸湿发热面料在晾晒排湿的过程中更容易将其包含的湿气排出。
本发明提供一种纳米纤维保暖材料，纳米纤维保暖层300是使用静电纺丝工艺形成的蓬松的低密度的中空纳米纤维301无纺布，其材质为高分子聚氨酯，密度为10-100mg/cm3，中空纳米纤维外径为400–1000nm，内径为200–600nm，厚度为0.1–1mm。更小的密度代表着更高的蓬松度和更好的保暖性能。其蓬松度可以与羽绒相媲美。另外中空的纳米纤维更类似于北极熊的毛发，相比传统的实心纤维具有更好的隔热效果。最重要的是，相比于传统保温材料，纳米纤维保暖层的厚度有着突出的优势。
本发明提供一种纳米纤维保暖材料，发热面料400是吸湿发热纤维形成的面料，克重为70–100gsm，厚度为1.5–3mm。
本发明提供一种纳米纤维保暖材料的制备方法包括以下步骤：
步骤1：制备纺丝原液：将高分子聚氨酯材料，溶剂和添加剂混合制成高分子溶液，将溶液等量分成2份；
步骤2：制备纳米纤维远红外防水透气透湿层200：将步骤1中的一份高分子聚氨酯溶液与远红外纳米陶瓷颗粒202混合成纺丝乳液后，经过静电纺丝得到纳米纤维远红外防水透湿多孔膜，作为纳米纤维远红外防水透湿层200；
步骤3：制备纳米纤维保暖层300：将步骤1中的一份高分子聚氨酯溶液通过同轴静电纺丝得到以聚氨酯为壳的核壳纳米纤维，去除掉核壳纳米纤维的纤维核心后得到中空的纳米纤维301无纺布，作为纳米纤维保暖层300；
步骤4：制备外层防水透湿面料：将外层面料100和纳米纤维远红外防水透湿层200热压粘合形成外层防水透湿面料；
步骤5：制备纳米纤维保暖透湿面料：将纳米纤维保暖层300置于外层防水透湿面料和发热面料400之间缝合连接形成纳米纤维保暖透湿面料。
聚氨酯溶液中高分子聚氨酯为分子量为200k–800k,溶剂为DMF、DMAc，添加剂为HFIP、丙酮，聚氨酯浓度为8wt%-25wt%,溶剂浓度为45wt%-88wt%，添加剂浓度为4wt%-20wt%。
远红外纳米陶瓷颗粒202为氧化锆或氧化铝粉末，粉末直径为10-300nm，远红外纳米陶瓷颗粒202在聚氨酯溶液中的固含量为1wt%-10wt%。
聚氨酯为壳的核壳纳米纤维是指，将聚氨酯溶液作为外壳，将石蜡油作为内核使用同轴静电纺丝制备的聚氨酯-石蜡油核壳纳米纤维。
中空的纳米纤维无纺布是指将同轴纺丝得到的聚氨酯-石蜡油核壳纳米纤维，用乙醇或乙醚去浸泡，去除掉纤维内部的石蜡油，并使用60℃热风烘干后得到的蓬松的聚氨酯中空纳米纤维301。
与现有技术相比，本发明专利的优点是：
一种纳米纤维保暖材料具有良好的保暖的性能，其保暖层的蓬松度能达到150FP，并且其中的纤维为中空纤维具有更好的保暖性能。
一种纳米纤维保暖材料还具有及其轻便的性能，其厚度在2–4.5mm。
一种纳米纤维保暖材料具有自发热的功能。
一种纳米纤维保暖材料具有更高的透湿性能，能使吸湿发热纤维在晾晒时更容易将湿气排出。
一种纳米纤维保暖材料具有远红外功能。
附图说明
图1为本发明的一种纳米纤维保暖材料的示意图；
图2为本发明的一种纳米纤维保暖材料中纳米纤维远红外防水透湿多孔膜的微观图；
图3为本发明的一种纳米纤维保暖材料中纳米纤维保暖层的微观图；
附图中：100.外层面料；200.纳米纤维远红外防水透湿层；300.纳米纤维保暖层；400.发热面料；201.多孔网状纤维膜；202.远红外纳米陶瓷颗粒；301.中空纳米纤维。
具体实施方式
在下面的详细说明中，出于解释而非限制性目的，阐述了公开具体细节的代表性实施方案，以提供对于请求保护的发明的通透理解。但是，对于获益于本公开的本领域技术人员来说，显然根据本发明的教导的其他实施方案（其脱离了此处公开的细节）仍然处于附加的权利要求的范围内。此外，可能省略了对于公知的设备和方法的说明，以免模糊代表性实施方法的说明。这样的方法和设备很显然处于请求保护的本发明的范围内。
下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明作进一步说明，但不作为本发明的限定。
实例1
将分子量为200k的高分子聚氨酯溶于DMF中并加入HFIP，其中聚氨酯的浓度为25wt%，DMF的浓度为45wt%，添加剂浓度为20wt%。将溶液搅拌均匀后平均分为2份。
将一份聚氨酯溶液中混入纳米氧化锆颗粒制成聚氨酯-氧化锆乳液，氧化锆纳米颗粒平均直径为10nm，颗粒在乳液中的固含量为1wt%。
对聚氨酯-氧化锆乳液用针式静电纺丝设备进行纺丝制备成具有远红外功能的纳米纤维防水透湿多孔膜。膜厚度为15μm，克重为6gsm，透湿量为20000g/m2/24h以上，耐静水压性能为10m以上。
取另一份聚氨酯溶液做为同轴纺丝的外壳溶液，取石蜡油为同轴纺丝的内核溶液，进行同轴静电纺丝后，得到聚氨酯-石蜡油的核壳纳米纤维。
将聚氨酯-石蜡油的核壳纳米纤维在乙醇中浸泡12小时，彻底去除内部石蜡油后，在60度环境下热风烘干后得到纳米纤维保暖层。保暖层中的纳米纤维为中空的聚氨酯纤维，纤维外径为400nm，纤维内径为200nm，密度为10mg/cm3，厚度为1mm。
取克重为70gsm，厚度为0.3mm的涤纶与纳米纤维远红外防水透湿层热压粘合形成外层防水透湿面料。
取克重为70gsm，厚度为1.5mm的吸湿发热纤维面料为发热面料（400）。
将纳米纤维保暖层置于外层防水透湿面料与发热面料（400）之间通过缝纫连接固定得到纳米纤维保暖透湿面料。
所制得的轻薄纳米纤维保暖透湿面料不仅具有自发热和远红外功能，并且厚度只有2.8mm。
实例2
将分子量为800k的高分子聚氨酯溶于DMF中并加入HFIP，其中聚氨酯的浓度为8wt%，DMF的浓度为88wt%，添加剂浓度为4wt%。将溶液搅拌均匀后平均分为2份。
将一份聚氨酯溶液中混入纳米氧化锆颗粒制成聚氨酯-氧化锆乳液，氧化锆纳米颗粒平均直径为300nm，颗粒在乳液中的固含量为10wt%。
对聚氨酯-氧化锆乳液用针式静电纺丝设备进行纺丝制备成具有远红外功能的纳米纤维防水透湿多孔膜。膜厚度为20μm，克重为15gsm，透湿量为10000g/m2/24h以上，耐静水压性能为20m以上。
取另一份聚氨酯溶液做为同轴纺丝的外壳溶液，取石蜡油为同轴纺丝的内核溶液，进行同轴静电纺丝后，得到聚氨酯-石蜡油的核壳纳米纤维。
将聚氨酯-石蜡油的核壳纳米纤维在乙醇中浸泡12小时，彻底去除内部石蜡油后，在60度环境下热风烘干后得到纳米纤维保暖层。保暖层中的纳米纤维为中空的聚氨酯纤维，纤维外径为1000nm，纤维内径为600nm，密度为100mg/cm3，厚度为0.1mm。
取克重为100gsm，厚度为0.5mm的皮革与纳米纤维远红外防水透湿层热压粘合形成外层防水透湿面料。
取克重为100gsm，厚度为3mm的吸湿发热纤维面料为发热面料（400）。
将纳米纤维保暖层置于外层防水透湿面料与发热面料（400）之间通过缝纫连接固定得到纳米纤维保暖透湿面料。
所制得的一种纳米纤维保暖材料不仅具有自发热和远红外功能，并且厚度只有3.6mm。

Claims (10)

1.一种纳米纤维保暖材料，其特征在于：该面料具有保暖、远红外、透湿、防水的作用外还具有轻薄的特性，该面料包括外层面料（100），纳米纤维远红外防水透湿层（200），纳米纤维保暖层（300），发热面料（400）。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种纳米纤维保暖材料，其特征在于：所述的外层面料（100）为保护支撑层，其材质为涤纶、尼龙、腈纶、皮革，克重为70–100gsm，厚度为0.3-0.5mm。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种纳米纤维保暖材料，其特征在于：所述的纳米纤维远红外防水透湿层（200）是用静电纺丝工艺形成的多孔网状结构的纤维膜（201），其材质为高分子聚氨酯，克重为6–15gsm，厚度为15-20μm，透湿量为10000-20000g/m2/24h，防水性能为耐10–20m静水压,纳米纤维远红外防水透湿膜上还携带着远红外纳米陶瓷颗粒（202）。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种纳米纤维保暖材料，其特征在于：所述的纳米纤维保暖层（300）是使用静电纺丝工艺形成的蓬松的低密度的中空纳米纤维（301）无纺布，其材质为高分子聚氨酯，密度为10-100mg/cm3，中空纳米纤维外径为400–1000nm，内径为200–600nm，厚度为0.1–1mm。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种纳米纤维保暖材料，其特征在于：所述的发热面料（400）是吸湿发热纤维形成的面料，克重为70–100gsm，厚度为1.5–3mm。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种纳米纤维保暖材料的制备方法，其特征在于：它包括以下步骤：
步骤1：制备纺丝原液：将高分子聚氨酯材料，溶剂和添加剂混合制成高分子溶液，将溶液等量分成2份；
步骤2：制备纳米纤维远红外防水透气透湿层（200）：将步骤1中的一份高分子聚氨酯溶液与远红外纳米陶瓷颗粒（202）混合成纺丝乳液后，经过静电纺丝得到纳米纤维远红外防水透湿多孔膜，作为纳米纤维远红外防水透湿层（200）；
步骤3：制备纳米纤维保暖层（300）：将步骤1中的一份高分子聚氨酯溶液通过同轴静电纺丝得到以聚氨酯为壳的核壳纳米纤维，去除掉核壳纳米纤维的纤维核心后得到中空的纳米纤维（301）无纺布，作为纳米纤维保暖层（300）；
步骤4：制备外层防水透湿面料：将外层面料（100）和纳米纤维远红外防水透湿层（200）热压粘合形成外层防水透湿面料；
步骤5：制备纳米纤维保暖透湿面料：将纳米纤维保暖层（300）置于外层防水透湿面料和发热面料（400）之间缝合连接形成纳米纤维保暖透湿面料。
7.根据权利要求6所述的一种纳米纤维保暖材料的制备方法，其特征在于：所述的聚氨酯溶液中高分子聚氨酯为分子量为200k–800k,溶剂为DMF、DMAc，添加剂为HFIP、丙酮，聚氨酯浓度为8wt%-25wt%,溶剂浓度为45wt%-88wt%，添加剂浓度为4wt%-20wt%。
8.根据权利要求6所述的一种纳米纤维保暖材料的制备方法，其特征在于：所述的远红外纳米陶瓷颗粒（202）为氧化锆或氧化铝粉末，粉末直径为10-300nm，远红外纳米陶瓷颗粒（202）在聚氨酯溶液中的固含量为1wt%-10wt%。
9.根据权利要求6所述的一种纳米纤维保暖材料的制备方法，其特征在于：所述的聚氨酯为壳的核壳纳米纤维是指，将聚氨酯溶液作为外壳，将石蜡油作为内核使用同轴静电纺丝制备的聚氨酯-石蜡油核壳纳米纤维。
10.根据权利要求6所述的一种纳米纤维保暖材料的制备方法，其特征在于：所述的中空的纳米纤维（301）无纺布是指将同轴纺丝得到的聚氨酯-石蜡油核壳纳米纤维，用乙醇或乙醚去浸泡，去除掉纤维内部的石蜡油，并使用60℃热风烘干后得到的蓬松的聚氨酯中空纳米纤维（301）。
CN202210137418.1A 2022-02-15 2022-02-15 一种纳米纤维保暖材料及其制备方法 Pending CN114714693A (zh)

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