CN114711411A - 一种水中自分散油脂微胶囊及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种水中自分散油脂微胶囊及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Landscapes
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Abstract
本发明公开一种水中自分散油脂微胶囊，包括如下质量百分比的成份：多孔原料35%~70%，油脂20%~40%，活性物1%~20%，乳化剂1%~40%。进一步提供了该自分散油脂微胶囊的制备方法，包括以下步骤：1）将油脂和脂溶活性物溶解混合均匀；2）将乳化剂和多元醇混合均匀；3）将步骤1）、2）所得产物混合均匀；4）将步骤3）所得产物喷雾到流动的粉末状多孔原料中，冷却，得到自分散油脂微胶囊。本发明生产流程不需要水且油脂微胶囊通过复配乳化剂、可溶填充剂、增稠剂等，可以使油脂颗粒在水中迅速分散释放油脂，并得到稳定的乳液，膏霜，或者糊状物；产物油脂微胶囊可以单独或复配使用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及个人护理品及保健品技术领域，具体涉及一种水中自分散油脂微胶囊及其制备方法。
背景技术
油脂以及脂溶活性物是日化品、食品、保健品和药品的重要添加剂。例如但不限于如下常见的基础植物油脂：橄榄油、亚麻籽油、葡萄籽油、荷荷巴油、阿甘油、乳木果油、鳄梨油、杏仁油、太阳花油、蓖麻油等等、这些天然油脂不仅用于食品、保健品、也广泛用于化妆品，个人护理品。另外，日化品中也使用很多合成油脂、脂肪酸酯，例如但不限于角鲨烷、角鲨烯、辛酸葵酸三甘油酯、肉豆蔻肉豆酸酯，矿物油、烷烃、硅油、多元醇等也被广泛的应用在个人护理品化妆品中。总之油脂是个人护理品以及食品、保健品必不可少的重要组成部分。
很多脂溶功能性活性成分溶解在油脂中并发挥作用。例如：精油、脂溶性维生素A及其衍生物、维生素E及其衍生物、维生素K及其衍生物、辅酶Q10、胡萝卜素、虾青素、叶黄素、番茄红素、防嗮剂、神经酰胺、植物鞘氨醇、艾地苯醌、硫辛酸、茶素油、各种精油、各种挥发油、各种香精等等。
很多水溶性活性物例如但不限于维生素C、姜黄素、茶多酚等等在含水和空气中容易氧化，油脂由于疏水隔绝氧气是一种很好的包裹材料，例如维生素C被蜡状油脂包裹以后会延缓氧化。
通常个人护理品和化妆品的成分都非常的复杂，并含有大量的水和油脂，货架期长达几年。油脂在化妆品中最常见的呈现方式是乳液或膏霜的形式应用，很多活性物在含水的复杂环境里面不能长期保持活性。即使是普通的植物油都很容易氧化酸败。而在食品、日化品以及药品中使用的油脂和脂溶活性物在空气、水、以及复杂的配伍环境中很多有不稳定以及难以添加的情况存在。以被包裹的固体微胶囊形式保存或添加到产品中，比直接将油脂加入到产品中更加稳定。
一些革新性的日化产品会把活性物通过包装将固体的活性物与水和基料分开保存，使用的时后再混合，即时使用或一次性使用避免上诉的配伍问题以及稳定性问题。那么就需要把油脂以及脂溶活性物制成在水中易分散溶解的颗粒或粉末。
现有技术中，大多数是通过多孔原料直接吸附油脂而得到油脂的粉末。例如用二氧化硅、多孔糊精、纤维素等都可以直接吸收油脂以及脂溶活性物得到粉末油脂。但是，直接吸附油脂或脂溶活性物的粉末颗粒，在水中漂浮不能均匀的分散成乳液，油脂会从孔隙中渗透出来而出现水油分离。
发明内容
针对现有技术存在的上述不足，本发明的目的在于提供一种水中自分散油脂微胶囊，解决现有油脂以及脂溶活性物的粉末颗粒在水中漂浮，不能均匀分散成乳液的问题。
进一步，本发明还提供该水中自分散油脂微胶囊的制备方法。
为了解决上述技术问题，本发明采用如下技术方案：
一种水中自分散油脂微胶囊，包括如下质量百分比的成份：
多孔原料35％～70％，油脂20％～40％，活性物1％～20％，乳化剂1％～40％。
进一步，还包括多元醇，占乳化剂质量的1-40％；所述多元醇为甘油、双甘油、丙二醇、乙二醇、丁二醇、戊二醇、己二醇、聚乙二醇200-600、16醇、18醇或糖醇的一种或多种；所述糖醇包括山梨醇、甘露醇、乳糖醇、木糖醇。可调节乳化剂的HLB值，并形成更小的乳滴，起到助乳化的作用。多元醇具有亲水性，可使油脂微胶囊在水中自乳化分散。
进一步，还包括固体可溶辅料，占油脂质量的0-30％；所述固体可溶辅料为果糖、葡萄糖、蔗糖、麦芽糖、乳糖、抗坏血酸、木糖醇、甘露醇或山梨醇的一种或多种。添加固体可溶辅料可增加水对颗粒的渗透加速崩解和溶解。
进一步，还包括水溶性聚合物，用于改变油脂微胶囊在水中分散以后的粘度和肤感，占油脂质量的0％-10％；所述水溶性聚合物为汉生胶、卡拉胶、海藻酸、结冷胶、瓜尔胶及其衍生物、丙烯酸/C10-30烷基丙烯酸聚合物、卡波姆、魔芋胶、壳聚糖、普鲁兰糖、聚乙烯醇、聚乙烯比咯烷酮、羧甲基纤维素钠和微晶纤维素混合物、羧甲基淀粉钠、甲基纤维素、羟乙基纤维素、羟丙基甲基纤维素或聚丙烯酸支接淀粉、聚乙二醇-240/HDI共聚物双-癸基十四烷醇聚醚-20、聚丙烯酸鈉、淀粉及其衍生物、糊精及其衍生物的一种或多种。添加水溶性增稠剂起到助乳化的作用、可增加颗粒油脂在水中分散以后乳液的稳定性，并得到不同的厚度粘度的乳液。
所述淀粉及其衍生物、糊精及其衍生物的植物来源包括马铃薯、玉米、豆类、红薯、木薯类、芋类、米类、大麦、小麦以及果疏类如荸荠、莲藕、葛根。
所述纤维素和微晶纤维素植物来源包括木浆、棉浆。
进一步，所述多孔原料包括无机多孔原料和有机多孔原料；
所述无机多孔原料包括二氧化硅及其衍生物、膨润土、蒙脱石、活性炭、高岭土、沸石、分子筛、石墨稀的一种或多种；
所述有机多孔原料包括淀粉及其衍生物、糊精及其衍生物、纤维素和微晶纤维素及其衍生物、环糊精及其衍生物、超微粉碎的植物粉末、多孔淀粉及其衍生物的一种或多种。
进一步，所述乳化剂为水包油乳化剂，其HLB大于8。
一种水中自分散油脂微胶囊的制备方法，按上述组份进行制备，具体步骤包括：
1)将油脂和活性物溶解混合均匀；
2)再加入乳化剂混合均匀；
3)如果步骤2)所得产物在室温是凝固态，则加热至融化，加热温度为40-60℃，然后将步骤2)所得产物喷雾到流动的粉末状多孔原料中，冷却，得到自分散油脂微胶囊；
如果步骤2)所得产物在室温或40-60℃加热后，依然为粘度很高的膏状，无法喷雾，则将该产物先后通过球磨机、三輥混合机，挤压吸附到粉末状多孔原料中，然后冷却，得到自分散油脂微胶囊。
一种水中自分散油脂微胶囊的制备方法，具体步骤包括：
1)将油脂和活性物溶解混合均匀；
2)在乳化剂中加入多元醇、固体可溶辅料和/或水溶性聚合物，并混合均匀；
3)将步骤1)、2)所得产物混合均匀；
4)如果步骤3)所得产物在室温是凝固态，则加热至融化，加热温度为40-60℃，然后将步骤3)所得产物喷雾到流动的粉末状多孔原料中，冷却，得到自分散油脂微胶囊；
如果步骤3)所得产物在室温或40-60℃加热后，依然为粘度很高的膏状，无法喷雾，则将该产物先后通过球磨机、三輥混合机，挤压吸附到粉末状多孔原料中，然后冷却，得到自分散油脂微胶囊。
进一步，步骤1)所述油脂和活性物溶解混合温度为40～80℃。
进一步，所述流动的粉末状多孔原料采用搅拌器、球磨机、槽式混合搅拌、三輥混合机、湿法制粒机或流化床制备。
使用流化床制备流动的粉末状多孔原料时，用低于混合物5-10℃左右的温度沸腾流动。
一种自分散油脂微胶囊的应用，将上述油脂微胶囊用于食品、保健品、药品、个人护理品或化妆品。
相比现有技术，本发明具有如下优点：
1、本发明油脂微胶囊通过调整复配其他辅料例如乳化剂、增稠剂等等，解决了油脂颗粒在水中漂浮，不能均匀分散成乳液的问题，且本发明油脂颗粒溶于水后能迅速分散释放油脂，并得到稳定的乳液、膏霜或者糊状物单独或复配使用。
2、本发明制备方法无需添加水作溶剂，解决了很多活性物在含水的复杂环境里面不能长期保持活性，很容易氧化酸化的问题。
3、本发明制备方法采用多孔原料吸附包裹油脂混合物制备粉末油脂，无需使用有机溶剂，流程无水，无需对油脂进行乳化、均质、干燥等复杂加工，既不影响油脂的风味，也不会因高温干燥水分对油脂活性成分造成不利的影响，而且能更方便地添加到口服产品中；口服的固体粉末颗粒油脂多选天然、安全、无毒，使用剂量不受限制，生产流程无需有机溶剂的多孔原料载体。工艺简单，成本低廉。
4、本发明制备的油脂颗粒应用广泛，可以应用于食品、保健品、药品、以及个人护理品和化妆品等领域中。吸附性原料的挑选以天然，安全，无毒，并在药品、食品、化妆品规范中收载的原料。
具体实施方式
为了使本领域技术人员更好地理解本发明的技术方案，下面结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步的说明，但本发明的实施方式不仅限于此。
多孔淀粉定义：生淀粉具有水解活力的酶在低于糊化温度下降解各种淀粉得到的水解产物。
HLB(Hydrophile Lipophilic Balance)：亲水亲油平衡值。
实施例1
多孔麦芽糊精包裹维生素E，维生素A，和虾青素，各原料百分比如表1所示。
表1
| 原料 | 百分比 | 备注 |
| 多孔麦芽糊精 | 50 | 吸附原料 |
| 太阳花油 | 31 | 油脂 |
| 维生素E | 1 | 活性物 |
| 维生素A | 1 | 活性物 |
| 虾青素 | 0.5 | 活性物 |
| 甘油 | 15 | 乳化剂增溶剂 |
| 枯草菌脂钠 | 1.5 | 乳化剂 |
| 合计 | 100 |
其制备步骤如下：
1)将枯草菌脂钠与10份甘油在水浴50℃加热溶解，再与余下的甘油混合均匀；
2)将维生素E和A、虾青素溶解到太阳花油中；
3)混合均质1)和2)得到一个甘油包油的油相混合物；
4)将3)搅拌混合到多孔麦芽糊精中。
步骤3)得到的甘油包油混合物在室温下有一定粘度，将其预热到40度左右软化，在湿法制粒机中加入多孔麦芽糊精，开启下面的慢速大搅拌器，转速在50-500r/min，使糊精成涡旋流动，再加入油相混合物。开启高速剪切桨，软化的油相一部分被多孔麦芽糊精的微孔吸收粘结；一部分被剪切成很小的颗粒，颗粒外面被游离多余的多孔淀粉包裹，形成一个粉包油的颗粒胶囊。
枯草菌脂钠是一个天然发酵的高性能乳化剂。生产该颗粒胶囊流程，无需加热，不含水，无需干燥，颗粒胶囊遇冷水迅速分散成均匀的乳液。三个活性物都有修复皮肤抗氧化抗衰老的作用。颗粒胶囊可以添加到面膜粉中，使用时再加水混合，充分保障了活性物的活性，在生产过程中不接触水，不加热，固体保存。
根据需要，活性物的含量可以提高到20％，所有的原料都是食品原料。所以该产品也可以作为食品保健品添加剂使用。
实施例2
包裹油脂包裹维生素C的易分散泥膜膏粉，各原料百分比如表2所示。
表2
| 原料 | 百分比 | 备注 |
| 膨润土 | 14 | 吸附剂 |
| 高岭土 | 50 | 吸附剂 |
| 羧甲基淀粉钠 | 1 | 增稠剂，崩解剂 |
| 辛酸葵三甘油酯 | 5 | 油脂 |
| 肉豆蔻酸肉豆蔻脂 | 5 | 油脂 |
| 乳木果油 | 10 | 油脂 |
| 单甘脂 | 10 | 乳化剂 |
| 维生素C | 5 | 活性剂 |
| 合计 | 100 |
其制备步骤如下：
1)将单甘脂以及三种油脂加热到60度充分融化，并混合均匀；
2)加入维生素C粉末不停搅拌；
3)用流化床顶喷设备，将膨润土以及高岭土在进风的吹动下成流动的沸腾状态，进风无需加热；
4)含有维生素C粉末的融化油脂通过喷枪雾化成小油雾，喷到流动的粉末中；
5)油雾被粉末吸收并且包裹，形成一个粉包油珠的结构。
该生产流程不含水，由于油相在室温下是固体状态，利用喷雾冷却不仅让油被充分吸收，而且还被粉包裹在外面形成一个粉包油滴的结构；另外维生素C是对光、热、水空气非常敏感的，极易氧化、几乎不能添加到任何含水的化妆品里面。维生素C被油脂包裹隔绝了光和氧气，提高了保存的稳定性，膜粉与水混合的时候又极易溶解出来。
实施例3
胡萝卜素颗粒，各原料百分比如表3所示。
表3
其制备步骤如下：
1)将蔗糖脂肪脂和甜杏仁油加热到40度充分混合溶解，再冷却；
2)将胡萝卜素溶解混合到1)中；
3)将步骤2)所得混合物喷到多孔麦芽糊精中，让多孔麦芽糊精充分吸收油脂；
4)将步骤3)所得产物通过挤压机挤出成颗粒、然后利用抛丸机滚圆成球形颗粒。
在滚圆的同时抛撒糊精化的辛烯基琥珀酸酐改性淀粉到糊精和油脂形成的颗粒上，得到一个糊精化的辛烯基琥珀酸酐改性淀粉粉壳包裹的微胶囊。该微胶囊直径在0.1-2毫米之间，比较理想时直径在0.5-1.5毫米之间。
此颗粒在冷水中容易分散，糊精化的辛烯基琥珀酸酐改性淀粉起到乳化稳定作用，所有成份均为食用成分，是一个很好的食品添加剂。
最后需要说明的是，以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非限制技术方案，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解，那些对本发明的技术方案进行修改或者等同替换，而不脱离本技术方案的宗旨和范围，均应涵盖在本发明的权利要求范围当中。
Claims (11)
1.一种水中自分散油脂微胶囊，其特征在于，包括如下质量百分比的成份：
多孔原料35%~70%，油脂20%~40%，活性物1%~20%，乳化剂1%~40%。
2.根据权利要求1所述水中自分散油脂微胶囊，其特征在于，还包括多元醇，占乳化剂质量的1-40%；所述多元醇为甘油、双甘油、丙二醇、乙二醇、丁二醇、戊二醇、己二醇、聚乙二醇200-600或糖醇的一种或多种；所述糖醇包括山梨醇、甘露醇、乳糖醇、木糖醇。
3.根据权利要求1所述水中自分散油脂微胶囊，其特征在于，还包括固体可溶辅料，占油脂质量的0-30%；所述固体可溶辅料为果糖、葡萄糖、蔗糖、麦芽糖、乳糖、抗坏血酸、木糖醇、甘露醇或山梨醇的一种或多种。
4.根据权利要求1所述水中自分散油脂微胶囊，其特征在于，还包括水溶性聚合物，用于改变油脂微胶囊在水中分散以后的粘度和肤感，占油脂质量的0%-10%；所述水溶性聚合物为汉生胶、卡拉胶、海藻酸、结冷胶、瓜尔胶及其衍生物、丙烯酸/C10-30烷基丙烯酸聚合物、卡波姆、魔芋胶、壳聚糖、普鲁兰糖、聚乙烯醇、聚乙烯比咯烷酮、羧甲基纤维素钠和微晶纤维素混合物、羧甲基淀粉钠、甲基纤维素、羟乙基纤维素、羟丙基甲基纤维素、聚丙烯酸支接淀粉、聚乙二醇-240/HDI共聚物双-癸基十四烷醇聚醚-20、聚丙烯酸鈉、淀粉及其衍生物或糊精及其衍生物的一种或多种。
5.根据权利要求1所述水中自分散油脂微胶囊，其特征在于，所述多孔原料包括无机多孔原料和有机多孔原料；
所述无机多孔原料包括二氧化硅及其衍生物、膨润土、蒙脱石、活性炭、高岭土、沸石、分子筛、石墨稀的一种或多种；
所述有机多孔原料包括淀粉及其衍生物、糊精及其衍生物、纤维素和微晶纤维素及其衍生物、环糊精及其衍生物、超微粉碎的植物粉末、多孔淀粉及其衍生物的一种或多种。
6.根据权利要求1所述水中自分散油脂微胶囊，其特征在于，所述乳化剂为水包油乳化剂，其HLB大于8。
7.一种水中自分散油脂微胶囊的制备方法，其特征在于，按权1的组份进行制备，具体步骤包括：
1）将油脂和活性物溶解混合均匀；
2）再加入乳化剂混合均匀；
3）如果步骤2）所得产物在室温是凝固态，则加热至融化，加热温度为40-60℃，然后将步骤2）所得产物喷雾到流动的粉末状多孔原料中，冷却，得到自分散油脂微胶囊；
如果步骤2）所得产物在室温或40-60℃加热后，依然为粘度很高的膏状，无法喷雾，则将该产物先后通过球磨机、三輥混合机，挤压吸附到粉末状多孔原料中，然后冷却，得到自分散油脂微胶囊。
8.一种水中自分散油脂微胶囊的制备方法，其特征在于，按权2、3或4的组份进行制备，具体步骤包括：
1）将油脂和活性物溶解混合均匀；
2）在乳化剂中加入多元醇、固体可溶辅料和/或水溶性聚合物，并混合均匀；
3）将步骤1）、2）所得产物混合均匀；
4）如果步骤3）所得产物在室温是凝固态，则加热至融化，加热温度为40-60℃，然后将步骤3）所得产物喷雾到流动的粉末状多孔原料中，冷却，得到自分散油脂微胶囊；
如果步骤3）所得产物在室温或40-60℃加热后，依然为粘度很高的膏状，无法喷雾，则将该产物先后通过球磨机、三輥混合机，挤压吸附到粉末状多孔原料中，然后冷却，得到自分散油脂微胶囊。
9.根据权利要求7或8所述水中自分散油脂微胶囊的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤1）所述油脂和活性物溶解混合温度为40~80℃。
10.根据权利要求7或8所述水中自分散油脂微胶囊的制备方法，其特征在于，所述流动的多孔粉末状原料采用搅拌器、球磨机、槽式混合搅拌、三輥混合机、湿法制粒机或流化床制备。
11.一种自分散油脂微胶囊的应用，其特征在于，采用权利要求1至6任一微胶囊，用于食品、保健品、药品、个人护理品或化妆品。
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