CN114698515B - Method for promoting ripeness of tomato fruits and increasing sugar content of tomato fruits - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for promoting ripeness of a facility tomato fruit and increasing sugar content of the tomato fruit. The method is characterized in that the melatonin solution with the concentration of 100 mu M is utilized to spray the tomato fruits in the green ripening stage (the fruit volume reaches the maximum, the color of the top of the fruit changes from green to white), the tomato fruits are sprayed once every 5-7 days, and the spraying is carried out for 2-3 times continuously, so that the tomato ripening can be promoted in off-season, and the sugar content in the tomato fruits can be obviously improved. The method is easy to implement, simple and convenient to operate, low in input cost, obvious in effect, free of toxic and side effects on human bodies and plants, capable of remarkably promoting the ripeness of facility tomatoes and the sugar content of fruits in out-of-season production, providing technical basis for green production of tomatoes, and providing a new way for melatonin application.

Description

Method for promoting ripeness of tomato fruits and increasing sugar content of tomato fruits

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of green tomato production, in particular to a method for promoting ripeness of facility tomato fruits and improving sugar content of the facility tomato fruits.

Background

Tomatoes are the second largest vegetable crop worldwide, with a seed area of about 500 kilohectares. China is the country with the largest tomato planting area and the largest yield, the annual yield is about 5500 ten thousand tons, and the out-of-season production area of facilities accounts for 57.2 percent. The tomatoes are mature slowly, have low sugar content and reduced quality caused by unfavorable environmental conditions such as low temperature and low illumination in out-of-season cultivation, become important limiting factors for the production of the facility tomatoes, seriously influence the quality formation of the facility tomatoes and reduce economic benefits. Under the current situation, chemical medicines such as ethephon and the like are sprayed to promote ripening in winter at present, but fruits have low sugar content to influence the quality of the tomatoes, and the tomatoes have side effects on plant leaves and growing points, are slightly careless to use, are easy to cause leaf wilting or leaf falling, and are easy to cause fruit cracking. Research on new methods for promoting ripeness of off-season facility tomatoes and improving fruit quality becomes a problem to be solved in tomato production.

Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxy tryptamine) is an indoleamine compound widely existing in animals and plants, has multiple biological functions in plants, and has the effects of enhancing the biological and abiotic stress tolerance of plants, promoting root system development, improving fruit quality, delaying post-harvest fruit aging and the like. Melatonin has obvious antioxidation effect on human body, can help to remove free radicals in the body, inhibit peroxidation of lipid, protect cell structure, delay aging, promote sleep and improve and regulate immunity. Based on the above, the invention provides a method for promoting the ripeness of the off-season tomatoes and improving the fruit quality by using melatonin.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above, the invention provides a method for promoting the ripeness of the fruits of the tomatoes and improving the sugar content of the tomatoes, which has the advantages of easy operation, low input cost, stable and obvious effect, no toxic or side effect on human bodies and plants and wide application range.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:

a method for promoting the ripeness of the fruits of a facility tomato and increasing the sugar content of the fruits of the tomato by using melatonin comprises the steps of spraying a solution of melatonin with the concentration of 100 mu M on the tomato in the green ripeness period, then spraying once every 5-7 days, and continuously spraying for 2-3 times, so that the ripeness of the tomato can be promoted in off-season, and the sugar content in the fruits of the tomato can be obviously increased. Provides technical basis for green production of tomatoes and provides a new way for melatonin application. The melatonin solution is convenient to prepare, and has no toxic or side effect on human body and plants. Solves the problems of the traditional ripening method of tomatoes in low-temperature seasons and the quality reduction of tomatoes.

The method specifically comprises the following steps:

(1) In off-season production of protected tomatoes including early spring, late autumn arch shed cultivation conditions or early spring, winter sunlight greenhouse cultivation conditions, melatonin is applied to tomatoes to promote maturation and increase sugar content.

(2) Concentration of melatonin solution, the concentration of melatonin solution is 100 μm.

(3) The spraying period is as follows: green ripening period of tomato fruits: about 35-50 days after flowers, the fruit volume reached maximum and the top color changed from green to white.

(4) Spray amount of melatonin solution: the tomato clusters are uniformly contacted with the melatonin solution, and the tomato clusters are about 50-60 ml/cluster (4-5).

(5) Number of spraying: and (3) performing melatonin solution spraying treatment on the green ripe tomato clusters, then spraying once at intervals of 5-7 days, and continuously spraying for 2-3 times.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:

1. melatonin is a natural hormone that is beneficial and harmless to humans.

2. Melatonin has a more stable ripening effect than ethephon and no cracking.

3. The method is easy to implement, simple to operate, has no adverse effect on leaves and growing points, and the ethylene is easy to cause leaf wilting, falling and aging.

4. Melatonin can improve the sugar content of fruits and the taste while accelerating ripening, and other ripening agents can reduce sugar and the taste.

5. Provides a new method for tomato maturation technology application and also provides a new field for melatonin application.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required to be used in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and that other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.

FIG. 1 is the effect of different concentrations of Melatonin (MT) on tomato fruit ripening;

FIG. 2 is a graph showing the effect of varying concentrations of Melatonin (MT) on tomato fruit hardness (A), protopectin (B) and soluble pectin (C) levels;

FIG. 3 is a graph showing the effect of different concentrations of Melatonin (MT) on lycopene content in tomato fruits;

FIG. 4 is a graph showing the effect of different concentrations of MT on membrane permeability of tomato fruit cells

FIG. 5 is the effect of Melatonin (MT) and Ethylene (ETH) spray on tomato fruit ripening;

FIG. 6 shows the effect of MT and ETH spray application on tomato fruit firmness (A) and lycopene (B) content;

FIG. 7 is the effect of spray application MT and ETH on the soluble sugar (A), sucrose (B), fructose (C) and glucose (D) levels of tomato fruits;

fig. 8 is the effect of Melatonin (MT) and Ethylene (ETH) spray on the glycemic acid ratio of tomato fruits.

Detailed Description

The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.

Example 1

Effect of different concentrations of MT on tomato fruit ripening and quality

(1) Tomato varieties of 'Beijing Muscovy 309' are used as materials, and tomato in green ripening stage (fruit volume is maximum, top color is changed from green to white) is soaked with Melatonin (MT) of 25 mu M, 50 mu M, 100 mu M, 200 mu M and clear water, so that optimal MT concentration for promoting tomato fruit ripening and quality is selected.

(2) The experimental results are shown in fig. 1-4, and fig. 1 shows that 50 mu M, 100 mu M and 200 mu M promote tomato color transfer on the 6 th day after treatment, but the difference of different concentrations is not large, and the fruits of the control group start color transfer at 9d after treatment. MT treatment promoted softening of tomato fruit (fig. 2), skin cell membrane permeability and lycopene content (fig. 3), and as the effect of increasing MT concentration was more pronounced, the faster the fruit softened, the higher the soluble pectin content in the MT treated tomato peel was all significantly higher than the control, and the soluble pectin content in the 200 μm treated tomato peel was all significantly higher than the other concentration treatments; wherein the lycopene content of 200 mu M treated fruits is significantly higher than that of control 405.06% after treatment, and the fruits of the control group begin to turn color after 9d of treatment, and the fruits of the control group do not completely turn infrared, and the other treated tomato fruits completely turn red after 12d of treatment; tomato pericarp cell membrane permeabilities the MT-treated size (FIG. 4) was 200. Mu.M > 100. Mu.M > 50. Mu.M > 25. Mu.M > control.

(3) MT treatment increased the levels of TSS, soluble sugars, titratable acids, etc. in tomato fruits, with 100. Mu.M treatment significantly increased TSS, soluble sugars, vc levels in tomato fruits by 32.21%,53.50% and 105.81% over control, all significantly higher than other treatments, with MT at an optimal concentration of 100. Mu.M to promote tomato fruit ripening and improve fruit quality (Table 1).

TABLE 1 Effect of different concentrations of MT on tomato fruit quality

Example 2

Effect of exogenous MT and ETH on tomato fruit quality

(1) Sowing tomato seeds of 'Beijing Mushroom 309' in a seedling culture matrix for conventional seedling culture, and planting the tomato seeds in greenhouse garden soil when seedlings grow to four leaves and one core, wherein conventional water and fertilizer management is performed.

(2) The experiment is carried out by taking the green ripe stage fruits (40-45 d after flowers, the volume of the fruits is maximum, the color of the top of the fruits is changed from green to white) of the second spike flowers of tomatoes as materials, carrying out spraying treatment, wherein the exogenous MT treatment concentration is 100 mu M, the ETH treatment concentration is 2mg/mL, and clear water is used for controlling, and the spraying amount is that the fruits are uniformly contacted with melatonin solution; each treatment was performed on 20 plants, 1 ear per plant was selected and labeled, and three replicates were performed for each treatment.

(3) The results showed that both exogenous MT and ETH treatments promoted tomato maturation, started to switch color on day 3, completed on day 9, and started to switch color on day 9 in comparison (fig. 5), and at 9d post-treatment MT and ETH treatments increased 54.72% and 38.42% over control lycopene, respectively (fig. 6). The soluble sugar, fructose and glucose content of tomato treated by exogenous MT was significantly increased by 30.43%, 11.08% and 25.86% respectively at 15d post-treatment compared to control (FIG. 7), while the soluble sugar, fructose and glucose content of tomato treated by ETH was significantly reduced by 6.74%, 9.54% and 7.84% respectively compared to control (FIG. 7). MT treatment has a remarkable improvement effect on soluble solids and Vc content of tomato fruits, while ETH treatment remarkably reduces the soluble solids, vc and soluble protein content of the fruits (Table 2), and the sugar acid of the tomato is improved by 11.43-14.57% compared with the control by exogenous MT treatment, and the ETH treatment is reduced by 5.13-15.50% compared with the control (figure 8). Both MT and EHT promote tomato maturation, but MT increases tomato fruit quality, especially its sugar content, whereas ETH treatment decreases tomato fruit quality.

TABLE 2 Effect of exogenous MT and ETH on tomato fruit soluble solids (TSS), vitamin C and soluble proteins

Example 3

Influence of melatonin spray times on tomato maturation

(1) The tomato variety is 'Annaxi' (Heila-Zealand limited company, israel) and fructus Lycopersici Esculenti, and tomato seeds are sown in a seedling substrate for conventional seedling, and planted in a greenhouse when the seedlings grow to four leaves and one center, and conventional water and fertilizer management is performed.

(2) The crops for rotation are cultivated in a sunlight greenhouse in winter, and the green ripe fruits of the third spike of the tomatoes (the specific time is 12 months and 20 days, the temperature of the greenhouse is the lowest, and the color turning is the slowest period of time) are used for the test.

(3) The spraying period is as follows: the experiment uses the green ripe stage fruit (45-55 d after flowers, the fruit volume is maximum, the top color is changed from green to white) of the third spike fruit of the tomato as the material, the fruit volume is maximum, and the top color is changed from green to white.

(4) Spraying the fruit with the melatonin solution at the concentration of 100 mu M; about 50-60 ml/spike (4-5) tomatoes.

(5) Number of spraying: spraying for 0 time, 1 time, 2 times, 3 times and four treatments are respectively arranged, the interval time is 5 days, and the same amount of clear water is sprayed as a control.

(6) Each treatment was performed with 10 plants, 1 ear per plant was selected and labeled, and three replicates were performed for each treatment.

(7) The result shows that the tomato ripening can be promoted by the exogenous spraying MT treatment, the more spraying times are, the more obvious the effect is, but the no significant difference exists between the spraying treatment for 3 times and the spraying treatment for 4 times. The effect of spraying for 2-3 times is most obvious, the tomato fruits are completely ripe after 11-12 days after treatment, the tomato fruits are completely ripe after 21-24 days, the tomato fruits are completely discolored after 17 days, and the tomato fruits are completely discolored after 33 days after treatment, and the tomato fruits have certain promotion effects on lycopene and soluble solids of the tomato fruits. The spraying times of melatonin in use are preferably 2-3 times, the fruit color transfer time is long in the coldest 12-2 months, the spraying is recommended to be 3 times, and the spraying is recommended to be 2 times in other times.

TABLE 3 influence of the number of sprays on tomato maturation

Example 4

Melatonin effect on promoting maturation of different tomato varieties

(1) Tomato variety is '1931' (sakakata, japan Tian Chongzi company), strawberry tomato type, thin skin; 'Annaxi' (Beijing Shangyi agriculture and technology Co., ltd.), fructus Lycopersici Esculenti, fruit hard and skin thick; 'Qiusheng' (Sian Jinpeng seedling Co., ltd.), pink fruit type, medium skin thickness; 'Provence' (Dutch Australia), pink fruit type, sandy pulp and thin skin. The tomato seeds are sowed in a seedling substrate for conventional seedling, and are planted in greenhouse garden soil when the seedlings grow to four leaves and one core, and conventional water and fertilizer management is performed.

(2) The crops for rotation are cultivated in a sunlight greenhouse in winter and spring. Experiment with green ripe stage fruit of second spike of tomato (specific time is about 2 months and 20 days)

(3) The spraying period is as follows: the experiment uses the green ripe stage fruit (45-50 d after flowers, the fruit volume is maximum, the top color is changed from green to white) of the second spike fruit of the tomato as the material, the fruit volume is maximum, and the top color is changed from green to white.

(4) Spraying the fruit with the melatonin solution at the concentration of 100 mu M; about 50-60 ml/spike (4-5) tomatoes.

(5) Number of spraying: 2 times, 5 days after the first spraying, spraying for the second time, wherein the method is the same as the first spraying.

(6) Each treatment was performed on 20 plants, 1 ear per plant was selected and labeled, and four replicates were performed for each treatment.

(7) The result shows that the exogenous MT treatment can promote the maturation of tomatoes of various varieties, the tomato is completely matured after the treatment on days 6-8, the tomato is completely matured after the treatment on days 15-20, the tomato is completely matured after the comparison on day 13, the tomato is completely matured after the treatment on days 22-29, and the content of soluble solids and sugar of the tomato can be improved for various varieties.

TABLE 4 Effect of exogenous melatonin on tomato maturation of different types

In the present specification, each embodiment is described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment is mainly described in a different point from other embodiments, and identical and similar parts between the embodiments are all enough to refer to each other. For the device disclosed in the embodiment, since it corresponds to the method disclosed in the embodiment, the description is relatively simple, and the relevant points refer to the description of the method section.

The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims (1)

1. A method for promoting ripening and increasing the sugar content of a tomato fruit, characterized in that melatonin is sprayed on the tomato during off-season production of the tomato; the spraying time is that melatonin is sprayed once in the green ripening period of the tomato fruits, then sprayed once at intervals of 5-7 days, and continuously sprayed for 2-3 times; the concentration of melatonin is 100 μm;

the off-season production period includes: culturing under the cultivation condition of a canopy in early spring and late autumn or culturing under the cultivation condition of sunlight greenhouse in early spring and winter;

the spraying amount of the melatonin is 50-60 ml/ear tomato;

the sugar is fructose and glucose.

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