CN104335870A - Cultivation method of ruby apricots - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a cultivation method of ruby apricots, belongs to the technical field of fruit growing, and mainly aims to achieve the purpose of providing a method for cultivating ruby apricots in a large area. The method comprises the following steps: field planting: neutral soil which is leeward and exposed to the sun, relatively high in terrain and deep in soil layer and has good irrigation and drainage conditions is selected, a field planting nursery stock which is developed in root system and more than 80 centimeters in height, pollenizers are planted, meanwhile, enough base fertilizer is applied, and enough root water is poured; pruning and shaping: pruning and shaping are performed in a V-shaped manner; nutrient and water management: 150 to 200 kg of self-made organic and inorganic compound fertilizer serving as base fertilizer is applied to each mature tree per year, the fertilizer is applied for the first time in middle ten days of March and is applied for the second time in the last ten days of June, and good irrigation and drainage conditions are required to be kept; pest control: pest control is performed in a targeted manner; ruby apricots are harvested in good time for selling and processing.

Description

The cultivation method of a kind of carbuncle apricot

Technical field:

The invention belongs to fruit tree cultivation technical field, particularly relate to the cultivation method of a kind of carbuncle apricot.

Background technology:

Apricot is rose deciduous tree, be distributed in north of China, high general 5 to 7 meters of apricot, tree crown is many in the happy type that faces south, branch is closeer, blade becomes avette, wealthy avette, and blade edge has carefully blunt sawtooth, slightly hair or without hair on blade back, the fruit of apricot is circular, be apricot, pericarp is reddish yellow, meat about half cm thick; Almond has freestone, half freestone, clingstone three kinds, and almond has sweet, bitter point, and apricot generally weighs 20 grams to 70 grams, and large person can reach more than 100 grams, apricot strong adaptability, and adult apricot can the severe cold of resistance to subzero twenty or thirty degree.

Apricot is the fruit that people like, and containing abundant nutrition and multivitamin, apricot can be made into preserved apricot, apricot sauce etc., almond is mainly used to oil expression, also can be made into food, medicinal in addition, there is cough-relieving, effect of ease constipation, apricot is woodenly hard, is the good material making furniture, apricot branch can make fuel, and apricot leaf can make feed.The kind of apricot is more: as bactrian camel gallstone apricot, gold and jade apricot, fragrant white apricot, string branch red apricot, Dragon King's cap apricot, apricot as a swarm of bees, carbuncle apricot, red golden hazel apricot, Yang Ji unit apricot, few golden red apricot, plain boiled water apricot, face upward splendid yellow apricot, Hua County connects apricot greatly, three former Cao Xing etc., the present invention is a kind of cultivation method of carbuncle apricot, carbuncle apricot has another name called red valley apricot, large valley apricot, fruit early and middle ten days in June is ripe, about 70 days puberty, mean fruit weight 80 grams, maximum reaches 105 grams, fruit oblong, top is flat, nick, suture is obvious, stalk is hollow dark, pericarp background color Chinese red, meat is tough, carefully, the thick juice of meat is many, fiber is few, sour and sweet palatability, local flavor is dense, quality is superior, fruit is containing soluble solid 15.9%, sugar 8.8%, acid 2.4%, vitamin C 6.2 milligrams/100 grams, freestone, bitter benevolence, the apricot of this kind has the advantage of high yield, late-maturing, good processability.The present invention is a kind ofly planting the implantation methods of summing up in the process of carbuncle apricot for many years, and the method, through practice test, confirms that it is respond well.

Summary of the invention:

The problem that the present invention mainly solves is to provide a kind of method of establishing in large scale carbuncle apricot, and the method is through practice test, respond well.

A method for establishing in large scale carbuncle apricot, is characterized in that being made up of following steps:

1. field planting: leeward facing south will be selected during plantation carbuncle apricot, physical features is higher, soil layer is deep, there is the neutral soil of good irrigation condition, preferably avoid former peach, apricot, the field of plum, planting stock selects well developed root system, side radical more than 5, long more than 20 centimetres, and be evenly distributed, the nursery stock that height of seedling is more than 80 centimetres, in the fall or plant by the seeding row spacing of 2 × 3 meters spring, autumn plants and plants survival rate height 5%-10% than the spring, hinder root can necessarily be recovered then, even grow the new root of part, in order to improve fruit-setting rate, answer companion planting or plant pollinizers, when field planting, pollinizers can with main breed in 1: 8-10 ratio plant, use sufficient base manure simultaneously, water sufficient normal root water.

2. pruning and finishing, the shaping methods of carbuncle apricot be field planting then trunk stay 40 centimetres disconnectedly to cut, when spring, young sprout was about 30 centimetres, select and remain stretch in the ranks, grow vigorous, become 30-50 degree angle with trunk and two of symmetric growth branches are major branch, allow its self-sow; When major branch is about 50 centimetres, pinching inspires branch, and selects a prosperous branch to do elongated shoot; Alternative stays 3-4 young sprout to make auxiliary support branch, and remaining young sprout is all erased, pinching when auxiliary support branch at the beginning of 5 months 20 centimetres, then auxiliary support branch is pulled into horizontal in late June, to promote flower bud differentiation.The First Year winter, when cutting, major branch was fixed by perpendicular two bamboo poles, makes to become 100-120 degree angle between two major branches.

3. rich water quality management: become the annual basal dressing of tree once, for autogamy composite organic-inorganic fertilizer, time is that 150-200 kilogram is executed in annual strain in January, mid-March is fertilizer for the first time, based on instant nitrogenousfertilizer, and annual potash fertilizer is all applied, fertilizing amount accounts for the 20-25% of annual fertilizing amount, and 1 kilogram, urea, potassium sulfate 1.5 kilograms are executed in general strain; 2nd time fertilizer is used after late June fruit picking, and this phase fertilizing amount accounts for the 30-35% of annual fertilizing amount, and 1.5 kilograms, urea, superphosphate 2 kilograms are executed in general every strain; Separately need keep good irrigation and drainage condition.

4. the extermination of disease and insect pest: carbuncle apricot sprays limbs with 5 Baume degrees lime sulfurs before blooming; Apricot weevil 20% speed slaughters 2000-2200 times of liquid control; Apricot shot hole, the 40% chrysanthemum horse soluble oil 1000-1200 times of liquid control of black spot, shothole disease and black peach aphid; Two spotted spider mite, Jie's class, black spot, shothole disease sweep sharp 2500-2600 times of liquid control with going out.

5. timely collecting is the important ring improving carbuncle apricot fruit quality, and the general not storage tolerance of carbuncle apricot, must pluck in time, sell in time or process in time.

A cultivation method for carbuncle apricot, its beneficial effect is: carbuncle apricot can be made to grow up strong and sturdy, and can produce and there emerged a large delicious high-quality carbuncle Apricot Fruit.

Embodiment:

Embodiment 1:

Field planting: leeward facing south will be selected during plantation carbuncle apricot, physical features is higher, soil layer is deep, there is the neutral soil of good irrigation condition, preferably avoid former peach, apricot, the field of plum, planting stock selects well developed root system, side radical more than 5, long more than 20 centimetres, and be evenly distributed, the nursery stock that height of seedling is more than 80 centimetres, in the fall or plant by the seeding row spacing of 2 × 3 meters spring, autumn plants and plants survival rate height 5%-10% than the spring, hinder root can necessarily be recovered then, even grow the new root of part, in order to improve fruit-setting rate, answer companion planting or plant pollinizers, when field planting, pollinizers can with main breed in 1: 8 ratio plant, use sufficient base manure simultaneously, water sufficient normal root water.Pruning and finishing, the shaping methods of carbuncle apricot be field planting then trunk stay 40 centimetres disconnectedly to cut, when spring, young sprout was about 30 centimetres, select and remain stretch in the ranks, grow vigorous, become 30 degree of angles with trunk and two of symmetric growth branches are major branch, allow its self-sow; When major branch is about 50 centimetres, pinching inspires branch, and selects a prosperous branch to do elongated shoot; Alternative stays 3 young sprouts to make auxiliary support branch, and remaining young sprout is all erased, pinching when auxiliary support branch at the beginning of 5 months 20 centimetres, then auxiliary support branch is pulled into horizontal in late June, to promote flower bud differentiation.The First Year winter, when cutting, major branch was fixed by perpendicular two bamboo poles, made to become 100 degree of angles between two major branches.Rich water quality management: become the annual basal dressing of tree once, for autogamy composite organic-inorganic fertilizer, time is that annual strain in January executes 150 kilograms, mid-March is fertilizer for the first time, based on instant nitrogenousfertilizer, and annual potash fertilizer is all applied, fertilizing amount accounts for 20% of annual fertilizing amount, and 1 kilogram, urea, potassium sulfate 1.5 kilograms are executed in general strain; 2nd time fertilizer is used after late June fruit picking, and this phase fertilizing amount accounts for 35% of annual fertilizing amount, and 1.5 kilograms, urea, superphosphate 2 kilograms are executed in general every strain; Separately need keep good irrigation and drainage condition.The extermination of disease and insect pest: carbuncle apricot sprays limbs with 5 Baume degrees lime sulfurs before blooming; Apricot weevil 20% speed slaughters 2000 times of liquid controls; Apricot shot hole, 40% chrysanthemum horse soluble oil, the 1000 times of liquid controls of black spot, shothole disease and black peach aphid; Two spotted spider mite, Jie's class, black spot, shothole disease sweep profit 2500 times of liquid controls with going out.Timely collecting is the important ring improving carbuncle apricot fruit quality, and the general not storage tolerance of carbuncle apricot, must pluck in time, sell in time or process in time.

Embodiment 2:

Field planting: leeward facing south will be selected during plantation carbuncle apricot, physical features is higher, soil layer is deep, there is the neutral soil of good irrigation condition, preferably avoid former peach, apricot, the field of plum, planting stock selects well developed root system, side radical more than 5, long more than 20 centimetres, and be evenly distributed, the nursery stock that height of seedling is more than 80 centimetres, in the fall or plant by the seeding row spacing of 2 × 3 meters spring, autumn plants and plants survival rate height 5%-10% than the spring, hinder root can necessarily be recovered then, even grow the new root of part, in order to improve fruit-setting rate, answer companion planting or plant pollinizers, when field planting, pollinizers can with main breed in 1: 10 ratio plant, use sufficient base manure simultaneously, water sufficient normal root water.Pruning and finishing, the shaping methods of carbuncle apricot be field planting then trunk stay 40 centimetres disconnectedly to cut, when spring, young sprout was about 30 centimetres, select and remain stretch in the ranks, grow vigorous, become 50 degree of angles with trunk and two of symmetric growth branches are major branch, allow its self-sow; When major branch is about 50 centimetres, pinching inspires branch, and selects a prosperous branch to do elongated shoot; Alternative stays 4 young sprouts to make auxiliary support branch, and remaining young sprout is all erased, pinching when auxiliary support branch at the beginning of 5 months 20 centimetres, then auxiliary support branch is pulled into horizontal in late June, to promote flower bud differentiation.The First Year winter, when cutting, major branch was fixed by perpendicular two bamboo poles, made to become 120 degree of angles between two major branches.Rich water quality management: become the annual basal dressing of tree once, for autogamy composite organic-inorganic fertilizer, time is that annual strain in January executes 200 kilograms, mid-March is fertilizer for the first time, based on instant nitrogenousfertilizer, and annual potash fertilizer is all applied, fertilizing amount accounts for 25% of annual fertilizing amount, and 1 kilogram, urea, potassium sulfate 1.5 kilograms are executed in general strain; 2nd time fertilizer is used after late June fruit picking, and this phase fertilizing amount accounts for 30% of annual fertilizing amount, and 1.5 kilograms, urea, superphosphate 2 kilograms are executed in general every strain; Separately need keep good irrigation and drainage condition.The extermination of disease and insect pest: carbuncle apricot sprays limbs with 5 Baume degrees lime sulfurs before blooming; Apricot weevil 20% speed slaughters 2200 times of liquid controls; Apricot shot hole, 40% chrysanthemum horse soluble oil, the 1200 times of liquid controls of black spot, shothole disease and black peach aphid; Two spotted spider mite, Jie's class, black spot, shothole disease sweep profit 2600 times of liquid controls with going out.Timely collecting is the important ring improving carbuncle apricot fruit quality, and the general not storage tolerance of carbuncle apricot, must pluck in time, sell in time or process in time.

  

Claims (2)

1. the cultivation method of a carbuncle apricot, it is characterized in that: step (1) field planting: during plantation carbuncle apricot, leeward facing south will be selected, physical features is higher, soil layer is deep, there is the neutral soil of good irrigation condition, preferably avoid former peach, apricot, the field of plum, planting stock selects well developed root system, side radical more than 5, long more than 20 centimetres, and be evenly distributed, the nursery stock that height of seedling is more than 80 centimetres, in the fall or plant by the seeding row spacing of 2 × 3 meters spring, autumn plants and plants survival rate height 5%-10% than the spring, hinder root can necessarily be recovered then, even grow the new root of part, in order to improve fruit-setting rate, answer companion planting or plant pollinizers, when field planting, pollinizers can with main breed in 1: 8-10 ratio plant, use sufficient base manure simultaneously, water sufficient normal root water, step (2) pruning and finishing, the shaping methods of carbuncle apricot be field planting then trunk stay 40 centimetres disconnectedly to cut, when spring, young sprout was about 30 centimetres, select and remain stretch in the ranks, grow vigorous, become 30-50 degree angle with trunk and two of symmetric growth branches are major branch, allow its self-sow, when major branch is about 50 centimetres, pinching inspires branch, and selects a prosperous branch to do elongated shoot, alternative stays 3-4 young sprout to make auxiliary support branch, and remaining young sprout is all erased, pinching when auxiliary support branch at the beginning of 5 months 20 centimetres, auxiliary support branch is pulled into horizontal in late June again, to promote flower bud differentiation, when the First Year winter cuts, major branch is fixed by perpendicular two bamboo poles, makes to become 100-120 degree angle between two major branches, step (3) rich water quality management: become the annual basal dressing of tree once, for autogamy composite organic-inorganic fertilizer, time is that 150-200 kilogram is executed in annual strain in January, mid-March is fertilizer for the first time, based on instant nitrogenousfertilizer, and annual potash fertilizer is all applied, fertilizing amount accounts for the 20-25% of annual fertilizing amount, and 1 kilogram, urea, potassium sulfate 1.5 kilograms are executed in general strain, 2nd time fertilizer is used after late June fruit picking, and this phase fertilizing amount accounts for the 30-35% of annual fertilizing amount, and 1.5 kilograms, urea, superphosphate 2 kilograms are executed in general every strain, separately need keep good irrigation and drainage condition, step (4) extermination of disease and insect pest: carbuncle apricot sprays limbs with 5 Baume degrees lime sulfurs before blooming, apricot weevil 20% speed slaughters 2000-2200 times of liquid control, apricot shot hole, the 40% chrysanthemum horse soluble oil 1000-1200 times of liquid control of black spot, shothole disease and black peach aphid, two spotted spider mite, Jie's class, black spot, shothole disease sweep sharp 2500-2600 times of liquid control with going out, step (5) timely collecting is the important ring improving carbuncle apricot fruit quality, and the general not storage tolerance of carbuncle apricot, must pluck in time, sell in time or process in time.

2. the cultivation method of a kind of carbuncle apricot according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the ratio of the pollinizers described in step (1) and main cultivation carbuncle apricot is 1:9.