CN114698515A - Method for promoting fruit ripening of protected tomatoes and increasing sugar content of protected tomatoes - Google Patents
Method for promoting fruit ripening of protected tomatoes and increasing sugar content of protected tomatoes Download PDFInfo
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- CN114698515A CN114698515A CN202210500975.5A CN202210500975A CN114698515A CN 114698515 A CN114698515 A CN 114698515A CN 202210500975 A CN202210500975 A CN 202210500975A CN 114698515 A CN114698515 A CN 114698515A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/05—Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/25—Greenhouse technology, e.g. cooling systems therefor
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for promoting the ripening of protected tomato fruits and increasing the sugar content of the tomato fruits. The method comprises the step of spraying the melatonin solution with the concentration of 100 mu M on tomato fruits in the green ripe stage (the volume of the fruits reaches the maximum, the color of the top of the fruits changes from green to white), wherein the spraying is carried out once every 5 to 7 days for 2 to 3 times continuously, the tomato ripening can be promoted in out-of-season, and the sugar content in the tomato fruits can be obviously improved. The method is easy to implement, simple and convenient to operate, low in input cost, obvious in effect and free of toxic and side effects on human bodies and plants, can remarkably promote the maturity of facility tomatoes and the sugar content of fruits in the out-of-season production, provides a technical basis for green production of the tomatoes, and provides a new way for applying the melatonin.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of green production of tomatoes, and particularly relates to a method for promoting facility tomato fruit ripening and improving sugar content of the facility tomato fruit.
Background
Tomatoes are the second largest vegetable crop worldwide, with a seeding area of about 500 million hectares. China is the world with the largest tomato planting area and the highest yield, the annual yield is about 5500 ten thousand tons, and the out-of-season production area of facilities accounts for 57.2 percent. The tomatoes are slowly matured and have low sugar degree caused by adverse environmental conditions such as low temperature and low illumination in out-of-season cultivation, and the quality reduction becomes an important limiting factor for the production of the facility tomatoes, so that the quality formation of the facility tomatoes is seriously influenced, and the economic benefit is reduced. Aiming at the current situation, chemical medicines such as ethephon and the like are sprayed to promote the ripening of tomatoes in winter, but fruits have low sugar content, influence the quality of the fruits, have side effects on plant leaves and growing points, are careless to use, easily cause leaf wilting or leaf falling, and easily cause fruit cracking. The research of new methods for promoting the ripening of out-of-season facility tomatoes and improving the fruit quality becomes an urgent problem to be solved in tomato production.
Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) is an indoleamine compound widely existing in animals and plants, has multiple biological functions in plants, and has the effects of enhancing the biotic and abiotic stress tolerance of the plants, promoting root development, improving fruit quality, delaying postharvest fruit senescence and the like. Melatonin has obvious antioxidant effect on human body, can help to eliminate free radicals in human body, inhibit lipid peroxidation, protect cell structure, delay aging, promote sleep and improve and regulate immunity. Based on the above basis, the invention provides a method for promoting the off-season tomato ripening and improving the fruit quality by using melatonin.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a method for promoting the ripening of protected tomato fruits and increasing the sugar content thereof, which has the advantages of easy implementation, simple operation, low investment cost, stable and obvious effect, no toxic or side effect on human bodies and plants, and wide application range.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for promoting facility tomato fruit ripening and improving tomato fruit sugar content by using melatonin comprises the steps of spraying a melatonin solution with the concentration of 100 mu M on tomatoes in a green ripening stage, spraying the solution once every 5-7 days for 2-3 times continuously, promoting the tomato ripening in an out-of-season manner and obviously improving the sugar content in the tomato fruits. Provides a technical basis for green production of tomatoes and provides a new way for applying melatonin. The melatonin solution is convenient to prepare and has no toxic or side effect on human bodies and plants. Solves the problem that the quality of the tomatoes is reduced by the traditional ripening method in low-temperature seasons.
The method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) in the out-of-season production of protected tomatoes, including early spring and late autumn shed cultivation conditions or early spring and winter sunlight greenhouse cultivation conditions, melatonin is applied to the tomatoes to promote the tomatoes to mature and improve the sugar content.
(2) The concentration of the melatonin solution is 100 mu m.
(3) Spraying period: green ripe stage of tomato fruit: the volume of the fruit reaches the maximum and the color of the top of the fruit changes from green to white about 35-50 days after the flower.
(4) Spraying amount of melatonin solution: the tomato ears are uniformly contacted with the melatonin solution, and the concentration of the tomato ears is about 50-60 ml/ear (4-5) tomatoes.
(5) Spraying times are as follows: spraying melatonin solution on tomato clusters in green mature period, spraying once every 5-7 days, and continuously spraying for 2-3 times.
According to the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. melatonin belongs to natural hormone which is beneficial and harmless to human body.
2. The melatonin is more stable than ethephon in ripening effect and does not crack fruits.
3. The method is easy to implement, simple to operate, has no adverse effect on leaves and growing points, and the ethylene is easy to cause leaf wilting, leaf shedding and aging.
4. The melatonin can improve the sugar content of the fruits and improve the taste while ripening, and other ripeners can reduce the sugar and the taste.
5. Provides a new method for the application of tomato maturation technology and also provides a new field for the application of melatonin.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a graph of the effect of different concentrations of Melatonin (MT) on tomato fruit ripening;
FIG. 2 is a graph of the effect of different concentrations of Melatonin (MT) on tomato fruit firmness (A), protopectin (B) and soluble pectin (C);
FIG. 3 is a graph of the effect of different concentrations of Melatonin (MT) on the lycopene content of tomato fruits;
FIG. 4 shows the effect of different concentrations of MT on the cell membrane permeability of tomato fruit
FIG. 5 is the effect of spraying Melatonin (MT) and Ethylene (ETH) on tomato fruit ripening;
FIG. 6 shows the effect of MT and ETH spraying on tomato fruit hardness (A) and lycopene (B) content;
FIG. 7 is the effect of MT and ETH spray on the soluble sugar (A), sucrose (B), fructose (C) and glucose (D) content of tomato fruits;
fig. 8 shows the effect of spraying Melatonin (MT) and Ethylene (ETH) on the sugar-acid ratio of tomato fruits.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
Effect of different MT concentrations on the ripening and quality of tomato fruits
(1) The best MT concentration for promoting the fruit ripening and quality of the tomatoes is screened by taking a 'Jingfan 309' tomato variety as a material and soaking the tomatoes in a green ripening stage (the fruit volume reaches the maximum, and the color of the top of the tomato changes from green to white) by using 25 mu M, 50 mu M, 100 mu M and 200 mu M Melatonin (MT) and clear water.
(2) The results of the experiments are shown in FIGS. 1-4, where FIG. 1 shows that 50. mu.M, 100. mu.M, 200. mu.M promote tomato color change at day 6 after treatment, but the difference in concentration is not significant, whereas the control fruits only started color change at 9d after treatment. The softening of tomato fruits (figure 2), the permeability of peel cell membranes and the content of lycopene (figure 3) are promoted by MT treatment, and the more obvious the effect is along with the increase of MT concentration, the faster the softening speed of the fruits is, the content of soluble pectin in the tomato peel treated by MT is obviously higher than that of a control, and the content of soluble pectin in the tomato peel treated by 200 mu M is obviously higher than that of other concentrations; wherein the lycopene content of 200 μ M treated fruits is significantly higher than that of control 405.06% at 6d after treatment, while the color of the control group fruits starts to change at 9d after treatment, and the color of the other treated tomato fruits turns red at 12d after treatment except that the control group fruits do not turn infrared completely; the size of the membrane permeability of tomato pericarp after MT treatment (FIG. 4) was 200. mu.M > 100. mu.M > 50. mu.M > 25. mu.M > control.
(3) The MT treatment improves the content of nutritional quality such as TSS, soluble sugar, titratable acid and the like in tomato fruits, wherein the content of TSS, soluble sugar and Vc in the tomato fruits is obviously improved by 32.21%, 53.50% and 105.81% compared with the control through 100 mu M treatment, the content is obviously higher than that of other treatments, and the optimal concentration for promoting the tomato fruits to ripen and improve the fruit quality through MT is 100 mu M (Table 1).
TABLE 1 Effect of different concentrations of MT on tomato fruit quality
Example 2
Effect of exogenous MT and ETH on tomato fruit quality
(1) Sowing the 'Jingfan 309' tomato seeds in a seedling substrate for conventional seedling culture, planting the seeds in greenhouse garden soil when the seedlings grow to four leaves and one heart, and performing conventional water and fertilizer management.
(2) In the test, the fruits in the green ripening period of the second panicle of the tomato (40-45 days after the flowers, the fruit volume reaches the maximum, the color of the top of the fruits changes from green to white) are used as materials to be sprayed, the exogenous MT treatment concentration is 100 mu M, the ETH treatment concentration is 2mg/mL and clear water Control, and the spraying amount is that the fruits uniformly contact with the melatonin solution; for each treatment of 20 plants, 1 spike of fruit was selected for each plant and marked with a listing, and each treatment was run in three replicates.
(3) The results showed that exogenous MT and ETH treatment promoted tomato ripening, with color conversion starting on day 3, full ripening on day 9, and color conversion starting on control day 9 (FIG. 5), with an increase of 54.72% and 38.42% in MT and ETH treatment, respectively, at 9d after treatment (FIG. 6) over control lycopene. Exogenous MT treated tomatoes had significantly increased soluble sugar, fructose and glucose levels, 30.43%, 11.08% and 25.86% respectively, over the control at 15d after treatment (fig. 7), while ETH treatment significantly reduced fruit soluble sugar, fructose and glucose levels by 6.74%, 9.54% and 7.84% respectively over the control (fig. 7). MT treatment has a significant effect on improving the soluble solid content and Vc content of tomato fruits, ETH treatment significantly reduces the soluble solid content, Vc and soluble protein content of the fruits (table 2), exogenous MT treatment improves sugar acid of the tomatoes by 11.43-14.57% compared with a control, and ETH treatment reduces sugar acid by 5.13-15.50% compared with the control (figure 8). Both MT and EHT promote tomato ripening, but MT improves tomato fruit quality, especially its sugar content, while ETH treatment reduces tomato fruit quality.
TABLE 2 Effect of exogenous MT and ETH on tomato fruit soluble solids (TSS), vitamin C and soluble protein
Example 3
Influence of melatonin spraying frequency on tomato maturity
(1) The tomato variety is 'Annaxi' (Israel Hazela Co., Ltd.), the red-fruit tomatoes, the tomato seeds are sowed in a seedling culture medium for conventional seedling culture, the seedlings are planted in a greenhouse when growing to four leaves and one core, and the conventional water and fertilizer management is carried out.
(2) The crop rotation is solar greenhouse cultivation in winter, and the green ripe fruit of the third cluster of tomato is tested (the specific time is 12 months and 20 days, the greenhouse temperature is the lowest, and the color change is the slowest).
(3) And (3) spraying period: the test takes the green ripe fruit of the third cluster fruit of tomato (45-55 days after blossom, the volume of the fruit reaches the maximum, the color of the top of the fruit changes from green to white) as the material, the volume of the fruit reaches the maximum, and the color of the top of the fruit changes from green to white.
(4) Spraying treatment is carried out, the treatment concentration of the exogenous MT is 100 MuM, and the spraying amount is that the fruits are uniformly contacted with the melatonin solution; about 50-60 ml/ear (4-5) tomatoes.
(5) Spraying times are as follows: spraying for 0 times, 1 time, 2 times, 3 times and four treatments respectively, wherein the interval time is 5 days, and the same amount of clear water is sprayed as a contrast.
(6) For each treatment of 10 plants, 1 spike of fruit was selected for each plant and marked with a listing, and three parallel runs were performed for each treatment.
(7) The results show that the exogenous MT spraying treatment can promote the tomato ripening, the more the spraying times are, the more the effect is obvious, but the no significant difference exists between the 3-time spraying treatment and the 4-time spraying treatment. The tomato fruit color-changing agent has the most obvious effect of spraying for 2-3 times, the tomato fruit begins to change color after being treated for 11-12 days, is completely mature after about 21-24 days, starts to change color only after being contrasted with 17 days, and completely changes color only after being treated for 33 days, and has certain promotion effect on lycopene and soluble solid matters of the fruit. The spraying frequency of the melatonin in use is preferably 2-3 times, the fruit color changing time is long in the coldest 12-2 months, 3 times of spraying is recommended, and 2 times of spraying is recommended in other time.
TABLE 3 Effect of spray application frequency on tomato ripening
Example 4
Effect of melatonin on promoting maturity of different types of tomato varieties
(1) The tomato variety is '1931' (SAKATA, japan), strawberry tomato type, thin peel; 'Annaxi' (Beijing, Jing research and welfare Agriculture Co., Ltd.), red tomato, hard fruit, thick peel; 'autumn flourishing' (Xian Jinpeng sprout, Ltd.), type of pink fruit, moderate peel thickness; 'Provence' (Dutch, Austrian), type of pink, sandy flesh and thinner skin. And sowing tomato seeds in a seedling medium for conventional seedling culture, and planting the seedlings in greenhouse garden soil when the seedlings grow to four leaves and one core, and performing conventional water and fertilizer management.
(2) The crop rotation is winter and spring sunlight greenhouse cultivation. Testing the green ripe fruit of the second cluster of tomato (specific time is about 2 months and 20 days)
(3) And (3) spraying period: the test takes the green ripe fruit of the second cluster fruit of tomato (45-50 days after blossom, the volume of the fruit reaches the maximum, the color of the top of the fruit changes from green to white) as the material, the volume of the fruit reaches the maximum, and the color of the top of the fruit changes from green to white.
(4) Spraying treatment is carried out, the treatment concentration of the exogenous MT is 100 MuM, and the spraying amount is that the fruits are uniformly contacted with the melatonin solution; about 50-60 ml/ear (4-5) tomatoes.
(5) Spraying times are as follows: spraying the mixture for 2 times, 5 days after the first spraying, and spraying the mixture for the second time, wherein the method is the same as the first time, and the same amount of clear water is sprayed as a control.
(6) For each treatment of 20 plants, 1 spike of fruit was selected per plant and marked with a label, and four parallel runs were made for each treatment.
(7) The result shows that exogenous MT treatment can promote the maturity of tomatoes of various varieties, the tomato color is changed after the treatment on the 6 th to 8 th days, the tomato color is completely matured on the 15 th to 20 th days, the tomato color is changed only on the 13 th day in contrast, the tomato color is completely matured 22 to 29 days after the treatment, and the content of soluble solids and sugar of the tomato color can be improved for various varieties.
TABLE 4 Effect of exogenous melatonin on the ripening of different types of tomato
In the present specification, the embodiments are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other. The device disclosed by the embodiment corresponds to the method disclosed by the embodiment, so that the description is simple, and the relevant points can be referred to the method part for description.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (5)
1. A method for promoting the ripening of the fruit of facility tomatoes and increasing the sugar content thereof is characterized in that melatonin is sprayed on the tomatoes during the out-of-season production of the facility tomatoes.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the out-of-season production period comprises: culturing under the arch shed culture condition in early spring and late autumn or culturing under the sunlight greenhouse culture condition in early spring and winter.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the melatonin concentration is about 100 μ M.
4. The method for promoting the ripening of the fruit and increasing the sugar content of the tomato fruits in the greenhouse as claimed in claim 1, wherein the spraying time is one melatonin spraying at the green ripening stage of the tomato fruits, and then one spraying at intervals of 5-7 days for 2-3 times continuously.
5. The method for promoting fruit ripening and increasing sugar content of facility tomatoes as claimed in claim 1, wherein the melatonin is sprayed at a rate of 50-60ml per ear of tomatoes.
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Cited By (1)
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| CN117158266A (en) * | 2023-10-27 | 2023-12-05 | 山东永盛农业发展有限公司 | Cultivation method for improving sugar content of tomatoes |
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