CN114634583A - 一种具有显著抗光老化活性的海藻酸及其制备方法与应用 - Google Patents
一种具有显著抗光老化活性的海藻酸及其制备方法与应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN114634583A CN114634583A CN202210200869.5A CN202210200869A CN114634583A CN 114634583 A CN114634583 A CN 114634583A CN 202210200869 A CN202210200869 A CN 202210200869A CN 114634583 A CN114634583 A CN 114634583A
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- Prior art keywords
- alginic acid
- polysaccharide
- content
- sargassum fusiforme
- enzymolysis
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- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Links
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Images
Classifications
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- C08B37/006—Heteroglycans, i.e. polysaccharides having more than one sugar residue in the main chain in either alternating or less regular sequence; Gellans; Succinoglycans; Arabinogalactans; Tragacanth or gum tragacanth or traganth from Astragalus; Gum Karaya from Sterculia urens; Gum Ghatti from Anogeissus latifolia; Derivatives thereof
- C08B37/0084—Guluromannuronans, e.g. alginic acid, i.e. D-mannuronic acid and D-guluronic acid units linked with alternating alpha- and beta-1,4-glycosidic bonds; Derivatives thereof, e.g. alginates
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- A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
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- A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
- A23L33/125—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives containing carbohydrate syrups; containing sugars; containing sugar alcohols; containing starch hydrolysates
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种具有显著抗光老化活性的海藻酸及其制备方法与应用,属于多糖技术领域。该制备方法包括以下步骤:将羊栖菜粗粉进行超微粉碎、脱色和热水提取得到粗多糖,采用DEAE Fast‑Flow柱填料和NaCl流动相进行梯度洗脱纯化,透析并冻干后得到羊栖菜纯化多糖。采用藻酸盐裂解酶水解纯化多糖,经除酶、透析、冻干后得到海藻酸。本发明制备海藻酸的方法纯度较高、条件温和、绿色无污染。所得海藻酸能够抑制受UVB损伤后的HaCaT细胞内ROS的生成,具有显著抗光老化活性,可用于海藻酸功能食品和护肤产品的开发,对于羊栖菜的精深加工和海藻酸的拓宽利用有重要意义。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及羊栖菜深加工领域,具体涉及一种具有显著抗光老化活性的海藻酸及其制备方法与应用。
背景技术
人的皮肤长期受到紫外线的照射容易引起光老化,而光老化与脂溢性角化、色素斑、日光性角化病及皮肤恶性肿瘤等多种疾病的发生有关。因此,预防和改善皮肤光老化已经逐渐成为皮肤科医生研究的热点。
海藻酸(Alginic acid)又称褐藻胶,是一种由巨藻、海带和羊栖菜等褐藻中提取而得的高聚合度的酸性多糖,是细胞壁的主要组成物质。海藻酸是由β-D-聚甘露糖醛酸(M)和α-L-聚古罗糖醛酸(G)通过1→4糖苷键连接而成的直链多糖,可以和二价离子(如Ca2+)交联形成的特殊的网络结构,具有凝胶性强,粘度大的特点,因此被广泛应用于制作水凝胶。褐藻来源的海藻酸呈大小不一的蜂窝孔状结构,而蜂窝状网络结构的多糖具有较强的抗氧化性,这也可能是海藻酸具有显著抗光老化活性的重要原因之一。然而褐藻来源的海藻酸具有分子量大、不易被机体吸收等缺点,使其生物活性不高,进一步的应用受到限制。因此降低海藻酸的分子量,提升其生物活性有利于其进一步开发。
现有技术中,专利申请CN112336914A公开了一种海藻酸钠复合凝胶及其制备方法,该方法制备的海藻酸钠复合凝胶具有吸渗、抑菌、促进愈合的作用,但该方法不能显著减缓皮肤炎症,且愈合效率低。专利CN108329402B公开了一种消化褐藻根茎提取褐藻胶的方法,该方法使用减法消化制得海藻酸,提高了干褐藻的基部、茎(柄)或根部的浸泡效率,有效缩短浸泡时间,但该方法污染大,耗时久,成本高,制得的海藻酸纯度低。
目前尚未见文献报道有经DEAE-FastFlow纯化羊栖菜粗多糖后再使用藻酸盐裂解酶羊栖菜纯化多糖的方法制备海藻酸。
发明内容
本发明的目的是为了解决海藻酸纯度低,分子量较大,用途单一等技术难题,提供一种具有显著抗光老化活性的海藻酸及其制备方法与应用。
本发明采用藻酸盐裂解酶酶解羊栖菜纯化多糖制备海藻酸,该方法制备的海藻酸纯度较高,毒性低,生物活性较为显著,能提高羊栖菜等藻类的深加工技术,拓宽羊栖菜和海藻酸的应用范围,具有良好的应用前景。
本发明的目的至少通过以下技术方案之一实现。
一种具有显著抗光老化活性的海藻酸,所述海藻酸的分子量为5-290kDa,糖醛酸含量为70-90wt%,总糖含量为20-30wt%,硫酸基含量为0-2wt%,蛋白质含量为0-2wt%,还原糖含量为0-10wt%。
优选的,所述海藻酸的分子量为5-90kDa,糖醛酸含量为72-78wt%,总糖含量为20-22wt%,硫酸基含量为0.7-1.1wt%,蛋白质含量为0.5-0.8wt%,还原糖含量为3.8-6.2wt%。
优选的,所述海藻酸的分子量为20-30kDa,糖醛酸含量为72-77wt%,总糖含量为20-22wt%,硫酸基含量为0.8-1.1wt%,蛋白质含量为0.5-0.7wt%,还原糖含量为4.7-5.0wt%。
制备以上任一项所述的一种具有显著抗光老化活性的海藻酸的方法,包括以下步骤:
用DEAE Fast-Flow纯化羊栖菜粗多糖,再使用藻酸盐裂解酶酶解,反应完成后除酶、透析冻干后得到海藻酸。
优选的,所述海藻酸的制备包括以下步骤:
(1)DEAE Fast-Flow纯化:将羊栖菜粗多糖用水溶解,得到水溶液1;装好DEAEFast-Flow柱填料后,在填料上端加入水溶液1;分别用不同浓度的NaCl水溶液洗脱,取洗脱含量最高的组分浓缩得到混合液2;将混合液2用透析袋进行透析,收集大分子截留液,真空冷冻干燥,得到羊栖菜纯化多糖;
(2)藻酸盐裂解酶酶解:将步骤(1)所得羊栖菜纯化多糖加入水中复溶,再加入藻酸盐裂解酶酶解,沸水浴灭酶,离心后得到上清液3;
(3)透析冻干:上清液3使用透析袋进行透析,收集大分子截留液,真空冷冻干燥,即得到所述的海藻酸。
优选的,所述羊栖菜粗多糖的分子量>140kDa。
优选的,步骤(1)中,所述羊栖菜粗多糖与填料的用量关系为1-2:1mg/mL;NaCl水溶液的洗脱浓度为0-0.3mol/L;所述透析袋截留分子量为≥1000Da;透析时间为48-72h。
优选的,步骤(2)中,所述藻酸盐裂解酶的酶活>1000U/g;酶解pH为5-7;酶解温度为25-40℃;酶解时间为15-120min。
优选的,步骤(2)中,所述的灭酶时间为15min;离心转速为12000r/min;离心时间为20min。
优选的,步骤(3)中,所述透析袋截留分子量≥1000kDa;透析时间为48-72h。
优选的,所述羊栖菜粗多糖的制备包括以下步骤:
羊栖菜超微粉经95%乙醇升温进行回流脱色后,采用热水浸提法提取羊栖菜粗多糖,提取液纱布过滤后抽滤去渣,取滤液进行蒸发浓缩,得到浓缩液;将所述浓缩液与95%乙醇混合均匀,低温静置,离心取沉淀,洗涤,待乙醇挥发后,加入纯水复溶,真空冷冻干燥,得到羊栖菜粗多糖。
优选的,所述回流反应的温度为100℃,回流反应时间为4h;所述羊栖菜粉末与纯水的质量体积比1g:50mL,提取温度为100℃,提取时间为4h。
以上任一项所述的一种具有显著抗光老化活性的海藻酸在制备抗光老化药物、保健品或护肤品中的应用。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有如下优点和有益效果:
(1)本发明采用藻酸盐裂解酶酶解羊栖菜纯化多糖制备海藻酸,操作简便,条件温和,无污染,有针对性。
(2)本发明采用DEAE-FastFlow阴离子交换柱纯化羊栖菜粗多糖,条件温和无污染,能够有效去除杂质,显著提高羊栖菜多糖的纯度。
(3)本发明所制备的海藻酸能够有效抑制人永生化角质形成细胞HaCaT细胞内ROS的分泌,具有显著抗光老化活性
附图说明
图1为本发明具有显著抗光老化活性海藻酸的制备流程图。
图2为本发明实施例和对比例制备的海藻酸对HaCaT人永生化角质形成细胞的细胞毒性结果图。
图3为本发明实施例和对比例制备的海藻酸对UVB辐照损伤的HaCaT人永生化角质形成细胞的ROS生成量影响结果图。
具体实施方式
以下结合实例对本发明的具体实施作进一步说明,但本发明的实施和保护不限于此。需指出的是,以下若有未特别详细说明之过程,均是本领域技术人员可参照现有技术实现或理解的。所用试剂或仪器未注明生产厂商者,视为可以通过市售购买得到的常规产品。
本发明海藻酸的制备流程图如图1所示。
实施例1
一种羊栖菜来源的海藻酸,其制备方法如下:
(1)羊栖菜粗多糖提取:羊栖菜超微粉加入95%乙醇升温回流3次进行脱色,回流温度为100℃,每次分别为2h,1h,1h共4h,离心取沉淀,室内风干后再低温烘干,按质量体积比为1:50g/mL加入煮沸的纯水中,采用热水浸提法提取羊栖菜粗多糖,提取温度为100℃,提取时间为4h;提取液经8层纱布过滤后抽滤去渣,取滤液进行蒸发浓缩至体积为原来的1/10,得到浓缩液1;将所述浓缩液与95%乙醇混合均匀按照体积比1:4混合均匀,置于4℃冰箱静置12h,离心取沉淀;所得沉淀继续用少量95%乙醇混合离心清洗3次后,室温下自然风干;待乙醇挥发干净,加少量纯水复溶,经真空冷冻干燥后得到羊栖菜粗多糖;
(2)羊栖菜粗多糖纯化:将步骤(1)所述的粗多糖与纯水的质量体积比100mg:2mL溶解得到粗多糖溶液,粗多糖与DEAE-FastFlow柱填料的质量体积比为2mg:1mL;采用纯水、0.1、0.2、0.3mol/L NaCl进行梯度洗脱,洗脱速率为1.0mL/min;取0.3mol/L NaCl组分进行蒸发浓缩至体积为原来的1/10,得到浓缩液2;用分子截留量1000Da的透析袋透析48h,蒸发浓缩至体积为原来1/10,真空冷冻干燥得到羊栖菜纯化多糖;
(3)藻酸盐裂解酶制备海藻酸:将步骤(3)所述的羊栖菜纯化多糖按质量体积比为10:1mg/mL加入纯水溶解,加入酶活>1000U/g的藻酸盐裂解酶进行酶解,酶解温度为25℃,酶解时间为15min,酶解pH为5;沸水浴灭酶15min后,12000r/min离心20min,取上清液采用分子截留量为1000Da的透析袋透析48h后,真空冷冻干燥得到海藻酸(记为海藻酸A)。
实施例2
一种羊栖菜来源的海藻酸,其制备方法如下:
(1)羊栖菜粗多糖提取:羊栖菜超微粉加入95%乙醇升温回流3次进行脱色,回流温度为100℃,每次分别为2h,1h,1h共4h,离心取沉淀,室内风干后再低温烘干,按质量体积比为1:50g/mL加入煮沸的纯水中,采用热水浸提法提取羊栖菜粗多糖,提取温度为100℃,提取时间为4h;提取液经8层纱布过滤后抽滤去渣,取滤液进行蒸发浓缩至体积为原来的1/10,得到浓缩液1;将所述浓缩液与95%乙醇混合均匀按照体积比1:4混合均匀,置于4℃冰箱静置12h,离心取沉淀;所得沉淀继续用少量95%乙醇混合离心清洗3次后,室温下自然风干;待乙醇挥发干净,加少量纯水复溶,经真空冷冻干燥后得到羊栖菜粗多糖;
(2)羊栖菜粗多糖纯化:将步骤(1)所述的粗多糖与纯水的质量体积比100mg:2mL溶解得到粗多糖溶液,粗多糖与DEAE-FastFlow柱填料的质量体积比为2mg:2mL;采用纯水、0.1、0.2、0.3mol/L NaCl进行梯度洗脱,洗脱速率为2.0mL/min;取0.3mol/L NaCl组分进行蒸发浓缩至体积为原来的1/10,得到浓缩液2;用分子截留量1000Da的透析袋透析72h,蒸发浓缩至体积为原来1/10,真空冷冻干燥得到羊栖菜纯化多糖;
(3)藻酸盐裂解酶制备海藻酸:将步骤(3)所述的羊栖菜纯化多糖按质量体积比为10:1mg/mL加入纯水溶解,加入酶活>1000U/g的藻酸盐裂解酶进行酶解,酶解温度为37℃,酶解时间为30min,酶解pH为6.3;沸水浴灭酶15min后,12000r/min离心20min,取上清液采用分子截留量为1000Da的透析袋透析72h后,真空冷冻干燥得到海藻酸(记为海藻酸B)。
实施例3
一种羊栖菜来源的海藻酸,其制备方法如下:
(1)羊栖菜粗多糖提取:羊栖菜超微粉加入95%乙醇升温回流3次进行脱色,回流温度为100℃,每次分别为2h,1h,1h共4h,离心取沉淀,室内风干后再低温烘干,按质量体积比为1:50g/mL加入煮沸的纯水中,采用热水浸提法提取羊栖菜粗多糖,提取温度为100℃,提取时间为4h;提取液经8层纱布过滤后抽滤去渣,取滤液进行蒸发浓缩至体积为原来的1/10,得到浓缩液1;将所述浓缩液与95%乙醇混合均匀按照体积比1:4混合均匀,置于4℃冰箱静置12h,离心取沉淀;所得沉淀继续用少量95%乙醇混合离心清洗3次后,室温下自然风干;待乙醇挥发干净,加少量纯水复溶,经真空冷冻干燥后得到羊栖菜粗多糖;
(2)羊栖菜粗多糖纯化:将步骤(1)所述的粗多糖与纯水的质量体积比100mg:3mL溶解得到粗多糖溶液,粗多糖与DEAE-FastFlow柱填料的质量体积比为2mg:1.5mL;采用纯水、0.1、0.2、0.3mol/L NaCl进行梯度洗脱,洗脱速率为1.5mL/min;取0.3mol/L NaCl组分进行蒸发浓缩至体积为原来的1/10,得到浓缩液2;用分子截留量1000Da的透析袋透析60h,蒸发浓缩至体积为原来1/10,真空冷冻干燥得到羊栖菜纯化多糖;
(3)藻酸盐裂解酶制备海藻酸:将步骤(3)所述的羊栖菜纯化多糖按质量体积比为10:1mg/mL加入纯水溶解,加入酶活>1000U/g的藻酸盐裂解酶进行酶解,酶解温度为30℃,酶解时间为60min,酶解pH为7;沸水浴灭酶15min后,12000r/min离心20min,取上清液采用分子截留量为1000Da的透析袋透析60h后,真空冷冻干燥得到海藻酸(记为海藻酸C)。
实施例4
一种羊栖菜来源的海藻酸,其制备方法如下:
(1)羊栖菜粗多糖提取:羊栖菜超微粉加入95%乙醇升温回流3次进行脱色,回流温度为100℃,每次分别为2h,1h,1h共4h,离心取沉淀,室内风干后再低温烘干,按质量体积比为1:50g/mL加入煮沸的纯水中,采用热水浸提法提取羊栖菜粗多糖,提取温度为100℃,提取时间为4h;提取液经8层纱布过滤后抽滤去渣,取滤液进行蒸发浓缩至体积为原来的1/10,得到浓缩液1;将所述浓缩液与95%乙醇混合均匀按照体积比1:4混合均匀,置于4℃冰箱静置12h,离心取沉淀;所得沉淀继续用少量95%乙醇混合离心清洗3次后,室温下自然风干;待乙醇挥发干净,加少量纯水复溶,经真空冷冻干燥后得到羊栖菜粗多糖;
(2)羊栖菜粗多糖纯化:将步骤(1)所述的粗多糖与纯水的质量体积比100mg:5mL溶解得到粗多糖溶液,粗多糖与DEAE-FastFlow柱填料的质量体积比为2mg:2mL;采用纯水、0.1、0.2、0.3mol/L NaCl进行梯度洗脱,洗脱速率为2.0mL/min;取0.3mol/L NaCl组分进行蒸发浓缩至体积为原来的1/10,得到浓缩液2;用分子截留量1000Da的透析袋透析72h,蒸发浓缩至体积为原来1/10,真空冷冻干燥得到羊栖菜纯化多糖;
(3)藻酸盐裂解酶制备海藻酸:将步骤(3)所述的羊栖菜纯化多糖按质量体积比为10:1mg/mL加入纯水溶解,加入酶活>1000U/g的藻酸盐裂解酶进行酶解,酶解温度为40℃,酶解时间为120min,酶解pH为6;沸水浴灭酶15min后,12000r/min离心20min,取上清液采用分子截留量为1000Da的透析袋透析72h后,真空冷冻干燥得到海藻酸(记为海藻酸D)。
对比例1
一种羊栖菜纯化多糖,其制备方法如下:
(1)羊栖菜粗多糖提取:羊栖菜超微粉加入95%乙醇升温回流3次进行脱色,回流温度为100℃,每次分别为2h,1h,1h共4h,离心取沉淀,室内风干后再低温烘干,按质量体积比为1:50g/mL加入煮沸的纯水中,采用热水浸提法提取羊栖菜粗多糖,提取温度为100℃,提取时间为4h;提取液经8层纱布过滤后抽滤去渣,取滤液进行蒸发浓缩至体积为原来的1/10,得到浓缩液1;将所述浓缩液与95%乙醇混合均匀按照体积比1:4混合均匀,置于4℃冰箱静置12h,离心取沉淀;所得沉淀继续用少量95%乙醇混合离心清洗3次后,室温下自然风干;待乙醇挥发干净,加少量纯水复溶,经真空冷冻干燥后得到羊栖菜粗多糖;
(2)羊栖菜粗多糖纯化:将步骤(1)所述的粗多糖与纯水的质量体积比100mg:2mL溶解得到粗多糖溶液,粗多糖与DEAE-FastFlow柱填料的质量体积比为2mg:2mL;采用纯水、0.1、0.2、0.3mol/L NaCl进行梯度洗脱,洗脱速率为2.0mL/min;取0.3mol/L NaCl组分进行蒸发浓缩至体积为原来的1/10,得到浓缩液2;用分子截留量1000Da的透析袋透析72h,蒸发浓缩至体积为原来1/10,真空冷冻干燥得到羊栖菜纯化多糖。
对比例2
一种羊栖菜粗多糖,其制备方法如下:
(1)羊栖菜粗多糖提取:羊栖菜超微粉加入95%乙醇升温回流3次进行脱色,回流温度为100℃,每次分别为2h,1h,1h共4h,离心取沉淀,室内风干后再低温烘干,得到羊栖菜脱色粉末;将所述的羊栖菜脱色粉按质量体积比为1:50g/mL加入煮沸的纯水中,采用热水浸提法提取羊栖菜粗多糖,提取温度为100℃,提取时间为4h;提取液经8层纱布过滤后抽滤去渣,取滤液进行蒸发浓缩至体积为原来的1/10,得到浓缩液1;将所述浓缩液与95%乙醇混合均匀按照体积比1:4混合均匀,置于4℃冰箱静置12h,离心取沉淀;所得沉淀继续用少量95%乙醇混合离心清洗3次后,室温下自然风干;待乙醇挥发干净,加少量纯水复溶,经真空冷冻干燥后得到羊栖菜粗多糖。
效果验证
本发明选择实施例1、2、3、4中制得的海藻酸A、B、C、D对比了对比例1羊栖菜纯化多糖和对比例2羊栖菜粗多糖的分子量和化学组成(糖醛酸、碳水化合物、硫酸基、蛋白质、还原糖含量)。具体实验步骤如下:
实验一、多糖中总糖含量的测定
总糖含量的测定采用苯酚-硫酸法,具体方法如下:
苯酚溶液的配置:按照1:7的比例稀释将质量分数为40%的苯酚稀释到5%。
标曲的配置:测定羊栖菜多糖和海带多糖的总糖含量时,以不同浓度的岩藻糖溶液作为标准液,测定龙须菜多糖的总糖含量时,以半乳糖溶液作为标准液。将标准液的浓度设置为:0,10,20,40,60,80,100μg/mL。
实验二、多糖中糖醛酸含量的测定
糖醛酸含量的测定采用硫酸-咔唑法,具体步骤如下:
咔唑溶液的配置:用无水乙醇配置质量分数为0.15%的咔唑溶液。
四硼酸钠-硫酸溶液的配置:称取0.478g四硼酸钠,用浓硫酸溶解并定容至100mL。
标曲的绘制:半乳糖醛酸烘干至恒重,分别稀释成0,0.01,0.02,0.03,0.05,0.06,0.07,0.1mg/mL。在试管中加入1mL标准液,冰水浴条件下加入5mL四硼酸钠-硫酸溶液,混匀后加热煮沸20min,取出后立即冷水浴至室温,加入0.2mL咔唑溶液,室温下反应2h后于523nm处测量吸光值。
样品的测定:羊栖菜多糖和海带多糖配置成0.1mg/mL的浓度,龙须菜多糖配置成0.5mg/mL的浓度,按照上述步骤进行操作。
样品浓度为100μg/mL,分别在试管中加入0.5mL样品溶液、0.5mL苯酚溶液和2.5mL浓硫酸,震荡均匀后避光反应30分钟,在490nm处读取吸光值,与标准曲线进行对比。
实验三、多糖分子量的测定
采用高效凝胶渗透色谱法对多糖分子量进行测定。分别以分子量为4320、12600、126000、289000、496000Da的葡聚糖作为标准品,绘制标准曲线。色谱条件:检测器:岛津RID-10A示差检测器;色谱柱:TSKgel G-3000PWXL(7.8×300mm)和TSKgel G-6000PWXL(7.8×300mm)及TSKgel保护柱(6.0×40mm)串联使用;流动相:0.02M KH2PO4缓冲液;柱温:40±1℃;流速:0.5mL/min;进样量:30μL。以洗脱体积(V)为横坐标,标品分子量的对数值(LogMw)为纵坐标,采用仪器自带的软件进行拟合,得到标准曲线。多糖样品用0.02M的KH2PO4溶液溶解,配置浓度为2mg/mL。过0.22μm的水相滤膜,进样分析。多糖的分子量根据标准曲线计算得出。
实验四、多糖蛋白质含量的测定
采用考马斯亮蓝法对多糖蛋白质进行测定。以牛血清蛋白为标准品,取0.1mg/mL牛血清蛋白标准溶液0.2、0.4、0.6、0.8、1.0mL,以去离子水补足至1mL,加入考马斯亮蓝溶液5mL,摇匀后静置5min,于595nm处测定反应液的吸光值。以去离子水作为空白,平行测定3次,取平均值。以牛血清蛋白浓度为横坐标、吸光值为纵坐标绘制标准曲线。准确吸取1mg/mL的样品溶液,按照上述方法进行显色反应后测定反应液的吸光值,将其代入上述标准曲线,计算样品中的蛋白质含量。
实验五、多糖硫酸基含量的测定
糖醛酸含量测定参照间羟基联苯法测定。称取约100mg的甘露糖醛酸标准品烘干至恒重,精确称取10mg甘露糖醛酸加蒸馏水定容至100mL,制备0.1mg/mL的糖醛酸标准溶液。取0.15g间羟联苯溶解于100mL 0.5%NaOH溶液中,置于棕色试剂瓶中4℃避光保存一个月制成间羟基联苯显色剂。取4.767g硼砂溶解于1L 98%浓硫酸中搅拌过夜制成0.0125mol/L硼砂-硫酸酸解液。取上述标准液蒸馏水稀释制备0、10、20、30、50、60、70、100μg/mL甘露糖醛酸溶液,分别取1mL,再依次加入5mL硼砂-硫酸溶液,沸水浴20min,取冷却至室温,加入0.2mL间羟基联苯显色剂后涡旋振荡避光静止10min,于波长520nm处测量吸光值,并绘制甘露糖醛酸溶液标准曲线。制备1mg/mL样品溶液,取0.5mL样品溶液加纯水至总体积1mL。重复上述糖醛酸标准曲线操作方法,依据糖醛酸标准曲线计算样品中糖醛酸含量。
实验六、多糖还原糖含量的测定
还原糖含量采用DNS法测定。DNS试剂配制:称取6.3g 3,5-二硝基水杨酸加入500mL含有182g酒石酸钾钠的热水溶液中溶解。溶解后加入262mL 2mol/L NaOH溶液混合,再加入5g重苯酚和5g Na2SO3,搅拌溶解。冷却后加水定容至1000mL,即成DNS试剂,贮于棕色瓶中4℃放置一周后备用。
称取约1g的葡萄糖于105℃恒温烘干至恒重,精确称取0.1000g加去离子水定容至100mL容量瓶中,制备1mg/mL的葡萄糖标准溶液。取上述标准溶液去离子水稀释制备0、0.1、0.2、0.4、0.6、0.8、1.0mg/mL葡萄糖溶液,分别取0.5mL加进具塞试管中,混匀后加入DNS1.0m L,沸水浴加热5min,冰水冷却后至室温后定容至7.5mL。混合稳定后于560nm处测定吸光值,并绘制葡萄糖溶液标准曲线。制备1mg/mL样品溶液,取1mL样品溶液,重复上述葡萄糖标准曲线操作方法,做3组平行测定,依据葡萄糖标准曲线计算样品中还原糖含量。
表1为实施例1-3和对比例1-2制得的海藻酸和羊栖菜多糖的糖醛酸含量、碳水化合物含量、硫酸基含量、蛋白质含量、还原糖含量及分子量结果。
表1藻酸盐裂解酶和纯化处理的羊栖菜多糖的分子量和化学组成的影响
如表1所示,纯化处理可显著提升羊栖菜多糖的纯度,降低羊栖菜多糖的蛋白质和硫酸基含量;藻酸盐裂解酶处理可以显著降低海藻酸的分子量。
实验七、细胞存活率测试
用胰酶消化HaCaT细胞并计数、稀释成浓度为105个/mL的细胞悬液,每孔加入100μL细胞悬液,将96孔板置于培养箱(37℃,CO2浓度为5%)中培养24h待细胞贴壁后,迅速倒出孔板中原有的培养基,并用PBS溶液清洗一遍,加入用培养基溶解的羊栖菜粗多糖、羊栖菜纯化多糖、海藻酸A-C和阳性对照透明质酸钠和市面的海藻酸聚糖继续培养24h。24h后,迅速倒出样品溶液,用PBS溶液清洗残留的培养基,每孔加入50μL稀释好的MTT溶液,该操作需避光进行。将96孔板置于培养箱中培养4h后,吸出MTT溶液,加入150μL二甲基亚砜溶液终止。避光震荡15min后,于540nm下测量吸光值并计算细胞存活率。
如图2所示,6种样品的HaCaT细胞培养24小时后,阳性对照透明质酸钠组、羊栖菜粗多糖、羊栖菜纯化多糖和海藻酸A-C细胞存活率分别达到104.86%、95.69%、101.13%、91.79%、90.86%、87.55%和91.48%,高于90%,表现为无细胞毒性,应用在光老化修复型药物或保健品中安全性较高。
实验八、ROS实验
以每孔100μL,细胞浓度为2.0×105个/孔铺黑色96孔酶标板培养24h。弃去培养基,加入等体积的PBS,以9mJ/cm2采用UVB光照仪对HaCaT细胞进行辐照,对照组无辐照。弃去PBS,加入用培养基溶解的羊栖菜粗多糖、羊栖菜纯化多糖、海藻酸A-C和阳性对照透明质酸钠和市面的海藻酸聚糖继续培养24h。弃去细胞悬液,每孔加入100μL用无血清细胞培养基稀释5000倍后的DCFH-DA探针。在37℃细胞培养箱内孵育20min。用无血清细胞培养基洗涤细胞3次以除去未进入细胞内的DCFH-DA探针。使用荧光酶标仪检测各孔的荧光信号,激发波长为488nm,发射波长为525nm。
如图3所示,与阳性对照海藻酸钠和市面购买的海藻酸聚糖相比,经DEAE-FastFlow纯化并通过藻酸盐裂解酶酶解制备的海藻酸对UVB损伤的人永生化角质形成细胞HaCaT具有更强的抑制ROS分泌的作用,表明具有更好的抗光老化活性。
实验九、海藻酸的单糖组成测定
采用离子色谱测定单糖组成。称取5mg样品于血清瓶中,加1mL 2M三氟乙酸(TFA)105℃水解6h。随后将水解液在60℃减压旋蒸旋干除去三氟乙酸。加5mL甲醇60℃溶解产物,继续减压旋蒸旋干,重复操作5次以除净残留三氟乙酸,得到多糖水解产物。加去离子水定容至10mL,过0.22μm滤膜,得到多糖水解液,放置4℃冰箱备用。
色谱系统采用的是Thermo ICS5000离子色谱系统,利用电化学检测器对单糖组分进行分析检测。
离子色谱参数:采用DionexTM CarboPacTM PA10(250×4.0mm,10μm)液相色谱柱;进样量为5μL。流动相A(0.1M NaOH),流动相B(0.1M NaOH,0.2M NaAc),流速0.5mL/min;柱温为30℃.
洗脱梯度:0min A相/B相(95:5V/V),30min A相/B相(80:20V/V),30.1min A相/B相(60:40V/V),45min A相/B相(60:40V/V),45.1min A相/B相(95:5V/V),60min A相/B相(95:5V/V)。
单糖标准品检测:分别称取2mg岩藻糖(Fuc)、阿拉伯糖(Ara)、半乳糖(Gal)、葡萄糖(Glc)、木糖(Xyl)、果糖(Fru)、核糖(Rib)、半乳糖醛酸(GalA)、葡萄糖醛酸(GlcA)、甘露糖醛酸(ManA)、古罗糖醛酸(GulA),按照上述相同的方法处理。依据这11种单糖标准品的色谱图对应的出峰时间分析海藻酸样品的单糖种类。以各单糖浓度为横坐标,峰面积比为纵坐标,绘制各单糖标准曲线。依据海藻酸中各单糖的峰面积比并参照标准曲线计算海藻酸中各单糖之间的摩尔百分比。
表2为实施例2和对比例1的单糖组成结果。
表2藻酸盐裂解酶酶解羊栖菜纯化多糖的单糖组成变化
注:以上数据均以摩尔百分比(%)表示。
如表2所示,羊栖菜纯化多糖经过酶解后甘露糖醛酸占比显著升高,说明海藻酸B发挥抗光老化活性的主要结构可能是甘露糖醛酸。
以上实施例仅为本发明较优的实施方式,仅用于解释本发明,而非限制本发明,本领域技术人员在未脱离本发明精神实质下所作的改变、替换、修饰等均应属于本发明的保护范围。
Claims (10)
1.一种具有显著抗光老化活性的海藻酸,其特征在于,所述海藻酸的分子量为5-290kDa,糖醛酸含量为70-90wt%,总糖含量为20-30wt%,硫酸基含量为0-2wt%,蛋白质含量为0-2wt%,还原糖含量为0-10wt%。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种具有显著抗光老化活性的海藻酸,其特征在于,所述海藻酸的分子量为5-90kDa,糖醛酸含量为72-78wt%,总糖含量为20-22wt%,硫酸基含量为0.7-1.1wt%,蛋白质含量为0.5-0.8wt%,还原糖含量为3.8-6.2wt%。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种具有显著抗光老化活性的海藻酸,其特征在于,所述海藻酸的分子量为20-30kDa,糖醛酸含量为72-77wt%,总糖含量为20-22wt%,硫酸基含量为0.8-1.1wt%,蛋白质含量为0.5-0.7wt%,还原糖含量为4.7-5.0wt%。
4.制备权利要求1-3任一项所述的一种具有显著抗光老化活性的海藻酸的方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
用DEAE Fast-Flow纯化羊栖菜粗多糖,再使用藻酸盐裂解酶酶解,反应完成后除酶、透析冻干后得到海藻酸。
5.根据权利要求4所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述海藻酸的制备包括以下步骤:
(1)DEAE Fast-Flow纯化:将羊栖菜粗多糖用水溶解,得到水溶液1;装好DEAE Fast-Flow柱填料后,在填料上端加入水溶液1;分别用不同浓度的NaCl水溶液洗脱,取洗脱含量最高的组分浓缩得到混合液2;将混合液2用透析袋进行透析,收集大分子截留液,真空冷冻干燥,得到羊栖菜纯化多糖;
(2)藻酸盐裂解酶酶解:将步骤(1)所得羊栖菜纯化多糖加入水中复溶,再加入藻酸盐裂解酶酶解,沸水浴灭酶,离心后得到上清液3;
(3)透析冻干:上清液3使用透析袋进行透析,收集大分子截留液,真空冷冻干燥,即得到所述的海藻酸。
6.根据权利要求4或5所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述羊栖菜粗多糖的分子量>140kDa。
7.根据权利要求5所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中,所述羊栖菜粗多糖与填料的用量关系为1-2:1mg/mL;NaCl水溶液的洗脱浓度为0-0.3mol/L;所述透析袋截留分子量≥1000Da;透析时间为48-72h。
8.根据权利要求5所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中,所述藻酸盐裂解酶的酶活>1000U/g;酶解pH为5-7;酶解温度为25-40℃;酶解时间为15-120min。
9.根据权利要求5所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(3)中,所述透析袋截留分子量≥1000Da;透析时间为48-72h。
10.权利要求1-3任一项所述的一种具有显著抗光老化活性的海藻酸在制备抗光老化药物、保健品或护肤品中的应用。
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