CN114592352A - 一种亲水性抗菌整理剂及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种亲水性抗菌整理剂及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种亲水性抗菌整理剂及其制备方法和应用,首先将式1化合物和式2化合物在第二反应溶剂中反应,反应温度为100‑200℃,反应时间为12‑72小时,制得式3化合物;然后在隔绝空气情况下,将式3化合物和式4化合物在第一反应溶剂中发生反应,反应温度为100‑200℃,反应时间为10‑200小时,得式5化合物亲水性抗菌整理剂,本发明的抗菌整理剂可使得织物在保持优异抗菌性的同时,还具有优异亲水性,且制备方法操作简单,原料来源方便,对环境友好,适合工业化生产,具有良好的应用前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及用于纺织品的抗菌整理剂技术领域,具体涉及一种亲水性抗菌整理剂及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
近年来随着生活水平的提高,人们的健康环保意识不断加强,在注重纺织服装的美观、舒适的同时,对其卫生保健功能提出了更高的要求,生产具有抗菌功能的纺织品是使人们免受或少受细菌侵害的有效途径之一,因此具有抗菌功能的纺织品越来越受到人们的青睐。
纺织品的抗菌卫生整理,是采用抗菌剂或抑菌剂处理织物,以获得抗菌、防霉、防臭、保持清洁卫生的纺织品的加工工艺。其目的不仅是为了防止纺织品被微生物沾污,更重要的是为了防止传染疾病,保证人体的安全健康和穿着舒适,降低公共环境的交叉感染率,使纺织品获得卫生保健的新功能,满足人们对卫生、健康的需求。
随着生活水平的提高,人们对生活环境的认识、生活质量要求在不断提高,特别是对健康的意识在不断增强。由于有害细菌在自然界分布非常广泛,而且种类繁多,数量庞大,严重威胁着人类的健康。由细菌传播感染产生的疾病,已构成了一大社会问题,引起广泛关注。有机类抗菌剂具有杀菌速度快,抗菌效能高,加工方便,颜色稳定等特点,使用历史长,在某些领域中有着不可替代的作用。用抗菌整理剂生产具有抗菌功能的纺织品是使人们免受或少受细菌侵害的有效途径之一,因此具有抗菌功能的纺织品越来越受到人们的青睐。
季铵盐类抗菌剂由于价格低廉,杀菌速度快,已经被人们广泛研究和利用。国际上已经开发出 4代有典型意义的季铵盐抗菌剂;其中以道康宁公司开发的DC-5700有机硅季铵盐抗菌剂和百灵威公司开发的BV6000E有机硅季铵盐抗菌剂最具代表性,由于有机硅季铵盐抗菌剂在结构中将季铵盐和硅烷偶联剂相结合,使该产品同时具有了公认的耐洗涤性和优异的抗菌效果。同时,由于季铵盐类抗菌剂的结构中都采用了长烷烃链,这也导致该类型抗菌剂处理后的织物的亲水性能往往都不够优异。例如道康宁的DC-5700结构中含有长达18个碳的烷烃链,导致其抗菌整理后的织物完全不具备亲水性,变成了疏水性织物。该疏水性特点限制了有机硅季铵盐抗菌剂在内衣等吸湿透气性要求高的织物上的应用。因此,开发新型的亲水性更佳的高效抗菌剂引起广泛关注。1990年学者Gramham 指出季鏻盐是作为抗菌剂研究的方向,从季鏻盐和季铵盐的结构来看,磷原子比氮原子的离子半径大,极化作用强,使得季鏻盐更容易吸附带负电荷的菌体,同时季鏻盐分子结构比较稳定,与一般的氧化剂和还原剂以及酸、碱都不发生反应,因此季鏻盐抗菌剂通常都比季铵盐抗菌剂具有更强的抗菌效果,更广的pH 适用范围和更优异的亲水效果。日本对季鏻盐的研究较多,最有代表性的是Kamazawa A 等人的研究;国内的南京化工大学、苏州大学以及北京的相关研究机构也对季鏻盐抗菌剂,进行了大量的研究和开发。
纺织行业作为我国的一大支柱产业,开发可以应用于纺织品上的新型高效、亲水的优质抗菌剂是行业中的一大研究热点。
发明内容
鉴于上述现有技术中存在的问题,本发明开发了一种亲水性抗菌整理剂及其制备方法和应用,该抗菌整理剂可使得织物在保持优异抗菌性的同时,还具有优异亲水性,且制备方法操作简单,原料来源方便,对环境友好,适合工业化生产,具有良好的应用前景。
本发明所要解决的技术问题之一是提供一种亲水性抗菌整理剂,化学结构如式5所示,
其中,R选自甲基、乙基、异丙基、C3-C6烷基、乙烯基、烯丙基、苯基、苄基或芳环取代基;X1选自氯、溴、碘、对甲苯磺酰氧基、苯磺酰氧基或甲磺酰氧基;X2选自氯、溴、碘、对甲苯磺酰氧基、苯磺酰氧基或甲磺酰氧基; r=1-100; s=1-100;t=1-100;m=1-100;n=1-100。
在本发明的一较佳实施例中,上述r,s,t,m和n满足 r+s+t+3(m+n)的和大于或等于40,且小于或等于80。
本发明所要解决的技术问题之二提供一种亲水性抗菌整理剂的制备方法, 包括步骤(b),
在隔绝空气情况下,将式3化合物和式4化合物在第一反应溶剂中发生反应,反应温度为100-200℃,反应时间为10-200小时,得化学结构如5所示亲水性抗菌整理剂,其中,R选自甲基、乙基、C3-C6烷基、乙烯基、烯丙基、苯基、苄基或芳环取代基;X1选自氯、溴、碘、对甲苯磺酰氧基、苯磺酰氧基或甲磺酰氧基;X2选自氯、溴、碘、对甲苯磺酰氧基、苯磺酰氧基或甲磺酰氧基; r=1-100; s=1-100;t=1-100;m=1-100;n=1-100。
在本发明的一较佳实施例中,上述第一反应溶剂为二甲苯,对二甲苯,甲苯,乙二醇二乙醚或DMF中的至少一种。
在本发明的一较佳实施例中,上述制备方法还包括步骤(a),
式1化合物和式2化合物在第二反应溶剂中反应,反应温度为100-200℃,反应时间为12-72小时,制得所述的式3化合物,其中,R选自甲基、乙基、C3-C6烷基、乙烯基、烯丙基、苯基、苄基或芳环取代基;X1选自氯、溴、碘、对甲苯磺酰氧基、苯磺酰氧基或甲磺酰氧基;X2选自氯、溴、碘、对甲苯磺酰氧基、苯磺酰氧基或甲磺酰氧基; r=1-100; s=1-100;t=1-100;m=1-100;n=1-100。
在本发明的一较佳实施例中,上述第二反应溶剂为二甲苯,对二甲苯,甲苯,乙二醇二乙醚或DMF中的至少一种。
在本发明的一较佳实施例中,上述r,s,t,m和n满足 r+s+t+3(m+n)的和大于或等于40,且小于或等于80。
本发明所要解决的技术问题之三提供一种抗菌组合物,包括上述的亲水性抗菌整理剂或者上述制备方法制得的亲水性抗菌整理剂。
有益效果
本发明的抗菌整理剂可以使织物具有优异的抗菌性、亲水性和耐洗涤性以及良好的环境安全性能,与现有的抗菌整理剂相比,制备方法操作简单,原料来源方便,对环境友好,适合工业化生产,具有良好的应用前景。
具体实施方式
下面将对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明的一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1
步骤(a):式3-1化合物的制备
保持氮气微正压,向20 L反应瓶中依次加入5L 二甲苯,1.0 mol式1-1化合物和3.0 mol式2-1化合物,加完后,搅匀;反应液升温至100 ℃反应。保温反应72小时,反应完成。
反应液冷却至室温,向其中加入适量石油醚,冷却至0℃,析出大量固体,过滤,收集滤饼得到0.959 mol白色固体产品。
收率95.9%,产品滴定纯度99.4%。
核磁数据:1H NMR (400MHz,CDCl3):δ2.65(t,6H),3.42(t,12H),3.51-3.87 (m,172H), 4.02(t,12H),4.42(t,6H),4.52(s,6H),4.57(s,6H),7.73-7.83(m,90H)。
步骤(b):式5-1化合物的制备
保持氮气微正压,向20 L反应瓶中依次加入5L 二甲苯,0.959 mol式3-1化合物,1.0 mol式4-1化合物氯丙基三甲氧基硅烷,加完后,搅匀;反应液升温至120 ℃反应。保温反应48小时,反应完成。
反应液冷却至室温,向其中加入适量石油醚,冷却至-20℃,析出大量固体,过滤,收集滤饼得到0.911 mol白色固体产品。收率95.0%,
两步反应总收率91.1%,产品滴定纯度:99.3%。
核磁数据:1H NMR (400MHz,CDCl3):δ0.63(t,2H),1.76(m,2H),3.28(t,6H),3.37(t,2H),3.42(t,12H),3.51-3.87 (m,181H), 4.02(t,12H),4.42(t,6H),4.52(s,6H),4.57(s,6H),7.73-7.83(m,90H)。
实施例2
步骤(a):式3-2化合物的制备
保持氮气微正压,向20 L反应瓶中依次加入5L对二甲苯,1.0 mol式1-2化合物和5.0 mol式2-2化合物,加完后,搅匀;反应液升温至120 ℃反应。保温反应28小时,反应完成。
反应液冷却至室温,向其中加入适量石油醚,冷却至0℃,析出大量固体,过滤,收集滤饼得到0.829 mol白色固体产品。
收率82.9%,产品滴定纯度97.6%。
核磁数据:1H NMR (400MHz,CDCl3):δ2.65(t,6H),3.42(t,12H),3.51-3.88(m,192H), 4.02(t,12H),4.42(t,6H),4.52(s,6H),4.57(s,6H),7.73-7.83(m,90H)。
步骤(b):式5-2化合物的制备
保持氮气微正压,向20 L反应瓶中依次加入3L对二甲苯,0.829 mol式3-2化合物,1.5 mol式4-2化合物溴丙基三乙氧基硅烷,加完后,搅匀;反应液升温至110 ℃反应。保温反应68小时,反应完成。
反应液冷却至室温,向其中加入适量石油醚,冷却至-20℃,析出大量固体,过滤,收集滤饼得到0.763 mol白色固体产品。
收率92.0%,两步反应总收率76.3%,
产品滴定纯度:98.4%。
核磁数据:1H NMR (400MHz,CDCl3):δ0.63(t,2H),1.19(q,2H),1.76(m,2H),3.28(t,6H),3.37 (t,2H),3.42(t,12H),3.51-3.88(m,195H), 4.02(t,12H),4.42(t,6H),4.52(s,6H),4.57(s,6H),7.73-7.83(m,90H)。
实施例3
步骤(a):式3-3化合物的制备
保持氮气微正压,向20 L反应瓶中依次加入6L甲苯,1.0 mol式1-3化合物和10.0mol式2-3化合物,加完后,搅匀;反应液升温至115 ℃反应。保温反应54小时,反应完成。
反应液冷却至室温,向其中加入适量石油醚,冷却至0℃,析出大量固体,过滤,收集滤饼得到0.846 mol白色固体产品。
收率84.6%,产品滴定纯度98.5%。
核磁数据:1H NMR (400MHz,CDCl3):δ2.65(t,6H),3.42(t,12H),3.51-3.88(m,276H), 4.02(t,12H),4.42(t,6H),4.52(s,6H),4.57(s,6H),7.73-7.83(m,90H)。
步骤(b):式5-3化合物的制备
保持氮气微正压,向20 L反应瓶中依次加入3L甲苯,0.846 mol式3-3化合物,10.0mol式4-3化合物氯丙基三异丙氧基硅烷,加完后,搅匀;反应液升温至115 ℃反应。保温反应72小时,反应完成。
反应液冷却至室温,向其中加入适量石油醚,冷却至-20℃,析出大量固体,过滤,收集滤饼得到0.812mol白色固体产品。
收率96.0%,两步反应总收率81.2%,
产品滴定纯度:99.2%
核磁数据:1H NMR (400MHz,CDCl3):δ0.63(t,2H),1.22(d,18H),1.76(m,2H),3.28(t,6H),3.37 (t,2H),3.42(t,12H),3.51-3.88(m,279H), 4.02(t,12H),4.42(t,6H),4.52(s,6H),4.57(s,6H),7.73-7.83(m,90H)。
实施例4
步骤(a):式3-4化合物的制备
保持氮气微正压,向20 L反应瓶中依次加入4L乙二醇二乙醚,1.0 mol式1-4化合物和4.5mol式2-4化合物,加完后,搅匀;反应液升温至125℃反应。保温反应24小时,反应完成。
反应液冷却至室温,向其中加入适量石油醚,冷却至0℃,析出大量固体,过滤,收集滤饼得到0.936 mol白色固体产品。
收率93.6%,产品滴定纯度97.4%。
核磁数据:1H NMR (400MHz,CDCl3):δ2.65(t,6H),3.42(t,12H),3.51-3.89(m,492H), 4.02(t,12H),4.42(t,6H),4.52(s,6H),4.57(s,6H),7.73-7.83(m,90H)。
步骤(b):式5-4化合物的制备
保持氮气微正压,向20 L反应瓶中依次加入4L乙二醇二乙醚,0.936 mol式3-4化合物,1.5 mol式4-4化合物,加完后,搅匀;反应液升温至125℃(100-200)反应。保温反应200小时,反应完成。
反应液冷却至室温,向其中加入适量石油醚,冷却至-20℃,析出大量固体,过滤,收集滤饼得到0.863 mol白色固体产品。
收率92.2%,两步反应总收率86.3%,
产品滴定纯度:98.6%,
核磁数据:1H NMR (400MHz,CDCl3):δ0.63(t,2H),1.76(m,2H),3.28(t,6H),3.37(t,2H),3.42(t,12H),3.51-3.88(m,501H), 4.02(t,12H),4.42(t,6H),4.52(s,6H),4.57(s,6H),7.73-7.83(m,90H)。
实施例5
步骤(a):式3-5化合物的制备
保持氮气微正压,向20 L反应瓶中依次加入3L DMF,1.0 mol式1-5化合物和5.5mol式2-5化合物,加完后,搅匀;反应液升温至150℃反应。保温反应12小时,反应完成。
反应液冷却至室温,向其中加入适量石油醚,冷却至0℃,析出大量固体,过滤,收集滤饼得到0.937mol白色固体产品。
收率93.7%,产品滴定纯度97.9%。
核磁数据:1H NMR (400MHz,CDCl3):δ2.65(t,6H),2.87(s,18H),3.42(t,12H),3.51-3.87(m,332H), 4.02(t,12H),4.42(t,6H),4.52(s,6H),4.57(s,6H),7.73-7.83(m,90H)。
步骤(b):式5-5化合物的制备
保持氮气微正压,向20 L反应瓶中依次加入3L DMF, 0.937 mol式3-5化合物,1.0mol式4-5化合物氯丙基三苯氧基硅烷,加完后,搅匀;反应液升温至150 ℃反应。保温反应40小时,反应完成。
反应液冷却至室温,向其中加入适量石油醚,冷却至-20℃,析出大量固体,过滤,收集滤饼得到0.888 mol白色固体产品。
收率94.8%,两步反应总收率88.8%,
产品滴定纯度:96.8%,
核磁数据:1H NMR (400MHz,CDCl3):δ0.63(t,2H),1.76(m,2H),2.87(s,18H),3.28(t,6H),3.37 (t,2H),3.42(t,12H),3.51-3.87(m,332H), 4.02(t,12H),4.42(t,6H),4.52(s,6H),4.57(s,6H),6.81-7.22(m,15H)7.73-7.83(m,90H)。
实施例6
步骤(a):式3-6化合物的制备
保持氮气微正压,向20 L反应瓶中依次加入6L 二甲苯,1.0 mol式1-6化合物和3.0 mol式2-6化合物,加完后,搅匀;反应液升温至140℃反应。保温反应48小时,反应完成。
反应液冷却至室温,向其中加入适量石油醚,冷却至0℃,析出大量固体,过滤,收集滤饼得到0.92mol白色固体产品。
收率92.0%,产品滴定纯度98.2%。
核磁数据:1H NMR (400MHz,CDCl3):δ2.65(t,6H),3.42(t,12H),3.51-3.89(m,491H), 4.02(t,12H),4.42(t,6H),4.52(s,6H),4.57(s,6H),7.53-7.83(m,120H)。
步骤(b):式5-6化合物的制备
保持氮气微正压,向20 L反应瓶中依次加入4L 二甲苯,0.92 mol式3-6化合物,2.1 mol式4-6化合物溴丙基三苄氧基硅烷,加完后,搅匀;反应液升温至140℃反应。保温反应48小时,反应完成。
反应液冷却至室温,向其中加入适量石油醚,冷却至-20℃,析出大量固体,过滤,收集滤饼得到0.856 mol白色固体产品。
收率93.0%,两步反应总收率85.6%,
产品滴定纯度:98.6%,
核磁数据:1H NMR (400MHz,CDCl3):δ0.63(t,2H),1.76(m,2H),3.28(t,6H),3.37(t,2H),3.42(t,12H),3.51-3.89(m,491H), 4.02(t,12H),4.42(t,6H),4.52(s,6H),4.57(s,6H),5.06(s,2H),7.31-7.83(m,125H)。
实施例7
步骤(a):式3-7化合物的制备
保持氮气微正压,向20 L反应瓶中依次加入5L 对二甲苯,1.0 mol式1-7化合物和3.0 mol(3-10 mol)式2-7化合物,加完后,搅匀;反应液升温至140 ℃反应。保温反应45小时,反应完成。
反应液冷却至室温,向其中加入适量石油醚,冷却至0℃,析出大量固体,过滤,收集滤饼得到0.89mol白色固体产品。
收率89%,产品滴定纯度98.2%。
核磁数据:1H NMR (400MHz,CDCl3):δ2.65(t,6H),3.42(t,12H),3.46-3.93(m,552H), 4.02(t,12H),4.42(t,6H),4.52(s,6H),4.57(s,6H),7.73-7.83(m,90H)。
步骤(b):式5-7化合物的制备
保持氮气微正压,向20 L反应瓶中依次加入2L对二甲苯,0.89 mol式3-7化合物,3.5 mol式4-7化合物对甲苯磺酰氧丙基三烯丙氧基硅烷,加完后,搅匀;反应液升温至140℃反应。保温反应88小时,反应完成。
反应液冷却至室温,向其中加入适量石油醚,冷却至-20℃,析出大量固体,过滤,收集滤饼得到0.845 mol白色固体产品。
收率95.0%,两步反应总收率84.6%,
产品滴定纯度:98.8%。
核磁数据:1H NMR (400MHz,CDCl3):δ0.63(t,2H),1.76(m,2H),2.29(s,3H),3.28(t,6H),3.37 (t,2H),3.42(t,12H),3.46-3.93(m,552H), 4.02(t,12H),4.15(m,6H),4.42(t,6H),4.52(s,6H),4.57(s,6H),5.16(m,3H),5.29(m,3H),5.99(m,3H),7.17(d,2H),7.53(d,2H),7.73-7.83(m,90H)。
性能测试
将实施例1-7制得的抗菌材料分别与99份水配成有机硅抗菌整理剂溶液1-7,向其中加入羟基乙酸调体系pH至6。浴比1:15,将棉质织物放入该整理液中浸泡10分钟,然后通过压辊,轧余率80%,再将织物放入150℃烘房焙烘5分钟,将织物从烘房取出,得到抗菌织物。
抗菌性: 参考GB/120944.3-2008《纺织品抗菌性能的评价第3部分:振荡法》,菌种选择大肠杆菌、白色念球菌和黑曲霉菌,具体结果如表1所示。
亲水性:采用润湿时间测定方法:在平均温度25℃,平均相对湿度60%的环境中,将待测织物平铺绷紧在一个烧杯上,在距布面约3cm处使用胶头滴管滴一滴水,开始计时,直到水滴在布面上扩散至无镜面发射时为止,该时间为水滴扩散时间。水滴扩展时间越短,亲水性越好,具体结果如表1所示。
表1 实施例1-7制得的抗菌整理剂经过浸泡后整理制得的织物的抑菌率和水滴扩散时间数据
由此可以得出,使用本发明的实施例1-7制得的抗菌整理剂经过浸泡后整理制得的织物,具有优异的抗菌性能,对大肠杆菌、白色念球菌和黑曲霉菌的抑菌率高;同时,这些织物也具有非常优异的亲水效果,水滴扩散时间均在1秒以内。
上述实例只为说明本发明的技术构思及特点,其目的在于让熟悉此项技术的人士能够了解本发明的内容并据以实施,并不能以此限制本发明的保护范围;凡根据本发明精神实质所做的等效变换或修饰,都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (8)
2.根据权利要求1所述的亲水性抗菌整理剂,其特征在于,所述的r,s,t,m和n满足 r+s+t+3(m+n)的和大于或等于40,且小于或等于80。
4.根据权利要求3所述的亲水性抗菌整理剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的第一反应溶剂为二甲苯,对二甲苯,甲苯,乙二醇二乙醚或DMF中的至少一种。
6.根据权利要求5所述的亲水性抗菌整理剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的第二反应溶剂为二甲苯,对二甲苯,甲苯,乙二醇二乙醚或DMF中的至少一种。
7.根据权利要求3或5所述的亲水性抗菌整理剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述r,s,t,m和n满足 r+s+t+3(m+n)的和大于或等于40,且小于或等于80。
8.一种抗菌组合物,其特征在于,包括权利要求1-2任一项所述的亲水性抗菌整理剂或者权利要求3-7任一项所述制备方法制得的亲水性抗菌整理剂。
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