CN114573502B - 一类截短侧耳素芳杂环丙烯酸酯类化合物及其合成方法和应用 - Google Patents
一类截短侧耳素芳杂环丙烯酸酯类化合物及其合成方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN114573502B CN114573502B CN202210325845.2A CN202210325845A CN114573502B CN 114573502 B CN114573502 B CN 114573502B CN 202210325845 A CN202210325845 A CN 202210325845A CN 114573502 B CN114573502 B CN 114573502B
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- aromatic heterocyclic
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- pleuromutilin
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- -1 Pleuromutilin aromatic heterocyclic acrylate compound Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
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Abstract
本发明提供一类截短侧耳素芳杂环丙烯酸酯类化合物及其制备方法和应用,其结构式为
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及药物化学领域,具体是一类截短侧耳素芳杂环丙烯酸酯类化合物及其制备方法和在医药领域的应用。
背景技术
多年来,随着抗生素的滥用,多种具有耐药性的“超级细菌”开始在全球蔓延,对人类的健康构成新威胁。耐药菌的出现增加了感染性疾病治愈的难度,随着耐药细菌的增多,耐药范围和耐药程度也不断增大。目前革兰氏阳性菌和革兰氏阴性菌均有耐药趋向,革兰氏阳性菌的耐药问题更为严重。开发新型抗菌药已迫在眉睫,目前世界许多制药公司都在积极寻找能应对多耐药菌的新型药物,其中在构效关系研究指导下修饰现有抗菌药的化学结构是开发新型抗菌药物的常用方法。
截短侧耳素是一种带有刚性的5-6-8三环结构碳骨架的二萜类化合物,研究显示,它对革兰阳性菌和支原体具有良好的抑制作用。截短侧耳素的抗菌机制不同于市场上现有抗生素的抗菌机制,主要是通过与细菌核糖体肽酰转移中心(PTC)发生作用,干扰tRNA与P-位点和A-位点结合,从而抑制蛋白质的合成,由于PTC高度的保守性,使其耐药率较低。由于截短侧耳素及其衍生物特殊的抗菌机制和耐药缓慢的特点,使其成为目前抗生素研究的热点之一。
但是,现有的截短侧耳素类抗生素存在着抗菌作用有限,细胞毒性较大等缺陷。
发明内容
本发明的一个目的是提供一类截短侧耳素芳杂环丙烯酸酯类化合物及其在药学上可接受的盐,并将其作为一种新型的抗耐药菌药物,具有改善的抗菌活性和细胞毒性,应用于治疗感染性疾病,特别是耐药菌引起的感染性疾病。
本发明所述的截短侧耳素芳杂环丙烯酸酯类化合物的结构式如式Ⅰ所示:
其中:Ar为具有单取代基、具有双取代基或者无取代基的五元或者六元的芳杂环,其中芳杂环为吡啶环、噻吩环、呋喃环或咪唑环,丙烯酸酯在芳杂环上连接位置为芳杂环上除取代基和杂原子外的任意位置;芳杂环的取代基为甲基、硝基、卤素或甲氧基,取代基在芳杂环上的连接位置为芳杂环上除杂原子外的任意位置。
本发明代表性化合物结构式如化合物1-12所示:
本发明的另一个目的是提供上述具有抗耐药菌的截短侧耳素芳杂环丙烯酸酯类化合物的制备方法。
本发明的合成路线有两种:合成路线Ⅰ为:先是芳杂环甲醛类化合物与丙酸在吡啶溶液中经加热回流得到芳杂环丙烯酸类化合物,将芳杂环丙烯酸类化合物与酰氯化试剂作用制备中间体1,然后中间体1与截短侧耳素在有机碱存在的条件下反应,即可得目标化合物。合成路线Ⅱ为:先是芳杂环甲醛类化合物与丙酸在吡啶溶液中经加热回流得到芳杂环丙烯酸类化合物,以芳杂环丙烯酸类化合物和截短侧耳素以及适量的催化剂硅钼酸溶于离子液体1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐中,通入氮气保护,反应即可得目标化合物。
本发明提供的所述化合物的合成路线Ⅰ如下所示:
步骤(1):
其中:Ar为单取代基、双取代基或者无取代基的五元或者六元的芳杂环,其中芳杂环为吡啶环、噻吩环、呋喃环或咪唑环,丙烯酸酯在在芳杂环上连接位置为芳杂环上除取代基和杂原子外的任意位置;芳杂环的取代基为甲基、硝基、卤素或甲氧基,取代基在芳杂环上的连接位置为芳杂环上除杂原子外的任意位置。
将芳杂环甲醛类化合物溶于吡啶,加入丙二酸后,加热回流,在TLC检测下反应完成后,将3M盐酸缓慢滴入混合物中至沉淀完全,然后将沉淀经过滤收集,冷水洗涤,真空干燥,得到相应的芳杂环丙烯酸类化合物。
步骤(2):
将一定量芳杂环丙烯酸类化合物溶于有机溶剂,置于反应器中,同时通入N2保护,后加入一定量的酰氯化试剂于反应体系中,在20℃-60℃温度下反应,反应完全后,撤去保护装置,减压浓缩除去有机溶剂和过量的酰氯化试剂得到中间体1备用。
步骤(3):
将一定量截短侧耳素溶于有机溶剂,置于反应器中,加入有机碱催化剂,同时通入氮气保护,后将一定量的中间体1溶于有机溶剂中并逐滴滴加到反应器中,室温下反应3-8小时,薄层色谱法跟踪反应至完全,将反应混合体系减压浓缩除去有机溶剂,所得浓缩液经水洗涤,乙酸乙酯萃取,柱层析分离纯化,干燥得到目标化合物。
上述步骤(2)中的酰氯化试剂为草酰氯、氯化亚砜或三氯化磷,进一步优选为草酰氯。芳杂环丙烯酸类化合物和酰氯化试剂的摩尔比为1:(1.5-5),进一步优选为1:3。反应温度为20-60℃,进一步优选为30℃,反应时间优选为3小时。
上述步骤(3)中的中间体1和截短侧耳素的摩尔比为1:(1-1.4),进一步优选为1:1.2。反应时间为3-8小时,进一步优选为6小时。有机碱催化剂可选为三乙胺、吡啶或DIEA,进一步优选为三乙胺;
本发明提供的所述化合物的合成路线Ⅱ如下所示:
步骤(1)与合成路线Ⅰ中的步骤(1)一致;
步骤(2):
将一定量芳杂环丙烯酸类化合物和一定量的截短侧耳素以及适量的催化剂硅钼酸溶于离子液体1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐中,置于反应器中,通入氮气保护,在30℃-60℃温度下反应,薄层色谱法跟踪反应至完全,将反应混合体系通过萃取和减压浓缩除去有机溶剂和离子液体,通过重结晶,干燥得到目标化合物。
上述步骤(2)中的芳杂环丙烯酸类化合物和截短侧耳素的摩尔比为1:(1-1.4),进一步优选为1:1.2。反应温度为30℃-60℃,进一步优选为40℃,反应时间优选为6小时。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有如下的有益效果:
本发明通过利用栾药原理,使用芳杂环丙烯酸对截短侧耳素进行结构改造,获得了一类新型截短侧耳素芳杂环丙烯酸酯类化合物,对耐甲氧西林的金黄色葡萄球菌等革兰氏阳性菌以及对大肠杆菌等革兰氏阴性菌的体外抗菌实验表明,本发明合成的截短侧耳素芳杂环丙烯酸酯类化合物具有较强的抗菌活性。对HepG2、HEK293和A549细胞的体外细胞毒性实验表明,本发明合成的截短侧耳素芳杂环丙烯酸酯类化合物具有较高的安全性。因此该类化合物可应用于治疗特别是耐药菌引起的感染性疾病,具有较好的医药开发价值。
本发明提供的两种制备方法反应条件均较为温和,未使用高温高压,操作安全性高;使用的原料及试剂均为常用的化工试剂,价格低廉;且两种制备方法最终得到的产率均较高,原子经济效益好,适用于工业化生产。
进一步的,制备方法2采用离子液体作为溶剂,硼酸盐催化,该方法进一步提高了反应的产率,且后处理更为简单方便,具有一定的先进性。
本发明截短侧耳素芳杂环丙烯酸酯类化合物具有较强的抗菌活性,毒副作用小,可应用于治疗特别是耐药菌引起的感染性疾病。
进一步的,本发明化合物对抗表皮葡萄球菌(ATCC 12228)或耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(ATCC 33591)表现出很好的抗菌性,优于市场上的截短侧耳素类药物。
附图说明
图1是本发明化合物1在氘代氯仿中的核磁氢谱图;
图2是本发明化合物1在氘代氯仿中的核磁碳谱图;
图3是本发明化合物2在氘代氯仿中的核磁氢谱图;
图4是本发明化合物2在氘代氯仿中的核磁碳谱图;
图5是本发明化合物3在氘代氯仿中的核磁氢谱图;
图6是本发明化合物3在氘代氯仿中的核磁碳谱图;
图7是本发明化合物4在氘代氯仿中的核磁氢谱图;
图8是本发明化合物4在氘代氯仿中的核磁碳谱图;
图9是本发明化合物5在氘代氯仿中的核磁氢谱图;
图10是本发明化合物5在氘代氯仿中的核磁碳谱图;
图11是化合物1对金黄色葡萄球菌(ATCC 25923)的体外抗菌活性测定结果;
图12是化合物1对表皮金黄色表皮葡萄球菌(ATCC 12228)的体外抗菌活性测定结果;
图13是经不同浓度的沃尼妙林处理的HepG2细胞、HEK293细胞和A549细胞存活率;
图14是经不同浓度的化合物1处理的HepG2细胞、HEK293细胞和A549细胞存活率;
图15、图16、图17分别是经不同浓度化合物1处理的HEK293、HepG2和A549细胞形态;(A)0μM,(B)0.78μM,(C)1.56μM,(D)3.125μM,(E)6.25μM,(F)12.5μM,(G)25μM,(H)50μM,(I)100μM,(J)200μM。
具体实施方式
为了进一步理解本发明,下面结合实施例对本发明进行描述,这些描述只是进一步解释本发明的特征和优点,并非用于限制本发明的权利要求。
实施例1
芳杂环丙烯酸类化合物的制备
以5-溴噻吩-2-甲醛为反应物合成5-溴噻吩-2丙烯酸为例:
将382.1mg(2.0mmol)5-溴噻吩-2-甲醛溶于12mL吡啶,加入0.26mL(约4mmol)丙二酸,加热回流2小时,将3M盐酸缓慢滴入混合物中至沉淀完全,抽滤,滤饼经冷水洗涤,真空干燥,得到5-溴噻吩-2-丙烯酸336.9mg,产率为72.3%。
其他芳杂环丙烯酸类化合物可根据上述方法制得,产率为65%-92%。
实施例2
目标化合物1:(E)-2-((3aR,4R,5R,7S,8S,9R,9aS,12R)-8-羟基-4,7,9,12-四甲基-3-氧代-7-乙烯基十氢-4,9a-丙环戊[8]环烯-5-基)氧基)-2-氧代乙基-3-(吡啶-3-基)丙烯酸酯的制备
149.2mg(1mmol)吡啶-3-丙烯酸、454.2mg(1.2mmol)截短侧耳素与17.1mg(0.01mmol)硅钼酸依次置于25mL反应器中,加入5mL离子液体1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐充分溶解后,通入N2保护,在40℃下反应6小时。薄层色谱法跟踪反应至完全,撤去保护装置。将反应混合体系静止分层,至于分液漏斗中,将离子液体层与酯层分离,所得酯层为化合物1粗品。用20mL甲醇进行重结晶干燥即得到化合物1,质量为454.6mg,产率为89.2%,核磁氢谱图、核磁碳谱图分别如图1和2所示。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.80(s,1H),8.67(s,1H),7.90(d,J=7.9Hz,1H),7.80(d,J=16.1Hz,1H),7.40(t,J=6.5Hz,1H),6.68–6.46(m,2H),5.86(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),5.40(d,J=11.0Hz,1H),5.26(d,J=17.4Hz,1H),4.71(dd,J=39.8,16.0Hz,2H),3.41(d,J=6.5Hz,1H),2.37(t,J=7.3Hz,1H),2.31–2.20(m,2H),2.18–2.07(m,2H),1.88–1.51(m,6H),1.49(s,3H),1.46–1.36(m,2H),1.23(s,3H),1.21–1.12(m,1H),0.92(d,J=6.9Hz,3H),0.84(d,J=6.9Hz,3H).
13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ216.95,166.64,165.34,151.20,149.77,142.46,138.76,134.42,129.98,123.86,119.03,117.41,74.57,69.81,61.50,58.09,45.45,44.61,44.04,41.88,36.69,36.04,34.45,30.41,26.83,26.41,24.83,16.65,14.79,11.48.
实施例3
目标化合物2:(E)-2-((3aR,4R,5R,7S,8S,9R,9aS,12R)-8-羟基-4,7,9,12-四甲基-3-氧代-7-乙烯基十氢-4,9a-丙环戊[8]环烯-5-基)氧基)-2-氧代乙基-3-(吡啶-4-基)丙烯酸酯的制备
149.2mg(1.0mmol)吡啶-4-丙烯酸溶于10mL CH2Cl2,置于反应器中,同时通入N2保护,后加入氯化亚砜0.22mL(3.0mmol)于反应体系中,在60℃下反应3小时,反应完全后,撤去保护装置,减压浓缩除去CH2Cl2和过量的氯化亚砜得到吡啶-4-丙烯酰氯备用。将截短侧耳素530.0mg(1.4mmol)溶于8mL CH2Cl2,置于反应器中,加入三乙胺0.14mL(1.0mmol),同时通入N2保护,后将吡啶-4-丙烯酰氯溶于5mL CH2Cl2中并滴加到反应器中,室温下反应6小时。反应结束,将反应混合体系减压浓缩除去CH2Cl2,所得浓缩液经水洗涤,乙酸乙酯萃取,柱层析分离纯化(200-300目硅胶粉为固定相,流动相为石油醚:乙酸乙酯(V:V)=1:1),干燥得到化合物2,质量为471.9mg,产率为92.6%,核磁氢谱图、核磁碳谱图分别如图3和4所示。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.70(s,2H),7.72(d,J=16.1Hz,1H),7.41(d,J=3.5Hz,2H),6.70(d,J=16.1Hz,1H),6.51(dd,J=17.3,11.2Hz,1H),5.85(d,J=8.3Hz,1H),5.39(d,J=11.0Hz,1H),5.25(d,J=17.4Hz,1H),4.70(dd,J=37.9,16.0Hz,2H),3.40(s,1H),3.40(s,1H),2.39–2.20(m,3H),2.15–2.08(m,2H),1.79–1.29(m,12H),1.22(s,3H),0.91(d,J=6.6Hz,3H),0.82(d,J=6.7Hz,3H).
13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ(ppm):216.98,166.56,165.15,150.71,143.34,141.31,138.80,121.91,121.46,117.46,74.61,69.93,61.64,58.13,45.50,44.65,44.09,41.92,36.72,36.09,34.50,30.45,26.87,26.47,24.88,16.69,14.83,11.53.
实施例4
目标化合物3:(E)-2-((3aR,4R,5R,7S,8S,9R,9aS,12R)-8-羟基-4,7,9,12-四甲基-3-氧代-7-乙烯基十氢-4,9a-丙环戊[8]环烯-5-基)氧基)-2-氧代乙基-3-(噻吩-2-基)丙烯酸酯的制备
154.2mg(1.0mmol)2-噻吩丙烯酸溶于10mL CH2Cl2,置于反应器中,同时通入N2保护,加入DMF 0.1mL,后加入草酰氯0.19mL(2.2mmol)于反应体系中,在25℃下反应3小时,反应完全后,撤去保护装置,减压浓缩除去CH2Cl2和过量的草酰氯得到2-噻吩丙烯酰氯备用。将截短侧耳素492.1mg(1.3mmol)溶于8mL CH2Cl2,置于反应器中,加入三乙胺0.14mL(1.0mmol),同时通入N2保护,后将2-噻吩丙烯酰氯溶于5mL CH2Cl2中并滴加加入到反应器中,室温下反应5小时。反应结束,将反应混合体系减压浓缩除去CH2Cl2,所得浓缩液经水洗涤,乙酸乙酯萃取,柱层析分离纯化(200-300目硅胶粉为固定相,流动相为二氯甲烷:乙酸乙酯(V:V)=5:1),干燥得到化合物3,质量为465.8mg,产率为90.5%,核磁氢谱图、核磁碳谱图分别如图5和6所示。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.90(d,J=15.7Hz,1H),7.45(d,J=5.0Hz,1H),7.32(s,1H),7.11(t,J=4.4Hz,1H),6.53(dd,J=17.5,11.1Hz,1H),6.35(d,J=15.7Hz,1H),5.85(d,J=8.6Hz,1H),5.40(d,J=11.0Hz,1H),5.26(d,J=17.4Hz,1H),4.71(dd,J=38.9,16.0Hz,2H)3.40(d,J=6.4Hz,1H),2.37(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),2.26(dd,J=10.1,8.7Hz,2H),2.12(d,J=20.4Hz,2H),1.85–1.50(m,6H),1.49(s,3H),1.41(d,J=16.0Hz,2H),1.22(s,3H),1.16(dd,J=14.2,4.0Hz,1H),0.92(d,J=6.9Hz,3H),0.83(d,J=6.9Hz,3H).
13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ217.02,166.87,165.90,139.32,138.78,138.62,131.46,129.03,128.19,117.44,115.39,74.60,69.67,61.34,58.13,45.47,44.60,44.05,41.89,36.73,36.04,34.48,30.44,26.84,26.38,24.85,16.67,14.82,11.50.
实施例5
目标化合物4:(E)-2-((3aR,4R,5R,7S,8S,9R,9aS,12R)-8-羟基-4,7,9,12-四甲基-3-氧代-7-乙烯基十氢-4,9a-丙环戊[8]环烯-5-基)氧基)-2-氧代乙基-3-(噻吩-3-基)丙烯酸酯的制备
154.2mg(1mmol)3-(3-噻吩基)丙烯酸、416.4mg(1.1mmol)截短侧耳素与17.1mg(0.01mmol)硅钼酸依次置于25mL反应器中,加入5mL离子液体1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐充分溶解后,通入N2保护,在45℃下反应6小时。薄层色谱法跟踪反应至完全,撤去保护装置。将反应混合体系静止分层,至于分液漏斗中,将离子液体层与酯层分离,所得酯层为化合物4粗品。用20mL甲醇进行重结晶干燥即得到化合物4,质量为472.4mg,产率为91.8%,核磁氢谱图、核磁碳谱图分别如图7和8所示。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.82(d,J=16.0Hz,1H),7.60(d,J=5.8Hz,1H),7.40(d,J=19.4Hz,2H),6.61–6.52(m,1H),6.40(d,J=15.8Hz,1H),5.87(d,J=7.8Hz,1H),5.42(d,J=10.5Hz,1H),5.28(d,J=17.6Hz,1H),4.71(dd,J=40.8,16.0Hz,2H),3.43(s,1H),2.39(t,J=7.2Hz,1H),2.33–2.23(m,2H),2.17–2.12(m,3H),1.86–1.56(m,7H),1.51(s,3H),1.47–1.41(m,2H),1.25(s,3H),0.94(d,J=6.8Hz,3H),0.86(d,J=6.9Hz,3H).
13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ217.01,166.89,166.28,139.66,138.79,137.37,128.78,127.13,125.16,117.42,116.35,74.58,69.65,61.32,58.11,45.46,44.58,44.04,41.88,36.71,36.03,34.47,30.42,26.83,26.37,24.83,16.66,14.80,11.49.
实施例6
目标化合物5:(E)-2-((3aR,4R,5R,7S,8S,9R,9aS,12R)-8-羟基-4,7,9,12-四甲基-3-氧代-7-乙烯基十氢-4,9a-丙环戊[8]环烯-5-基)氧基)-2-氧代乙基-3-(呋喃-2-基)丙烯酸酯的制备
138.1mg(1.0mmol)2-呋喃丙烯酸溶于10mL CH2Cl2,置于反应器中,同时通入N2保护,后加入三氯化磷0.26mL(3mmol)于反应体系中,在35℃下反应3小时,反应完全后,撤去保护装置,减压浓缩除去CH2Cl2和过量的三氯化磷得到2-呋喃丙烯酰氯备用。将截短侧耳素492.1mg(1.3mmol)溶于8mL CH2Cl2,置于反应器中,加入三乙胺0.14mL(1.0mmol),同时通入N2保护,后将2-呋喃丙烯酰氯溶于5mL CH2Cl2中并滴加到反应器中,室温下反应5.5小时。反应结束,将反应混合体系减压浓缩除去CH2Cl2,所得浓缩液经水洗涤,乙酸乙酯萃取,柱层析分离纯化(200-300目硅胶粉为固定相,流动相为二氯甲烷:乙酸乙酯(V:V)=3:1),干燥得到化合物5,质量为440.3mg,产率为88.3%,核磁氢谱图、核磁碳谱图分别如图9和10所示。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.54(t,J=7.7Hz,2H),6.67(s,1H),6.52(d,J=16.0Hz,2H),6.41(d,J=15.4Hz,1H),5.84(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),5.39(d,J=10.8Hz,1H),5.25(d,J=17.4Hz,1H),4.67(dd,J=39.8,16.0Hz,2H),3.40(d,J=6.4Hz,1H),2.37(t,J=7.2Hz,1H),2.26(t,J=9.4Hz,2H),2.16–2.06(m,2H),1.86–1.50(m,6H),1.48(s,3H),1.47–1.36(m,2H),1.21(s,3H),1.15(dd,J=14.0,3.9Hz,1H),0.91(d,J=6.9Hz,3H),0.82(d,J=6.9Hz,3H).
13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ217.02,166.87,166.09,150.72,145.13,138.79,132.34,117.40,115.51,114.30,112.41,74.58,69.63,61.33,58.11,45.45,44.57,44.03,41.88,36.71,36.02,34.47,30.42,26.84,26.37,24.83,16.66,14.80,11.48.
实施例7
目标化合物6:(E)-2-((3aR,4R,5R,7S,8S,9R,9aS,12R)-8-羟基-4,7,9,12-四甲基-3-氧代-7-乙烯基十氢-4,9a-丙环戊[8]环烯-5-基)氧基)-2-氧代乙基-3-(1H-咪唑-5-基)丙烯酸酯的制备
138.1mg(1.0mmol)咪唑丙烯酸溶于10mL CH2Cl2,置于反应器中,同时通入N2保护,加入DMF 0.1mL,后加入草酰氯0.21mL(2.5mmol)于反应体系中,在25℃下反应3小时,反应完全后,撤去保护装置,减压浓缩除去CH2Cl2和过量的草酰氯得到咪唑丙烯酰氯备用。将截短侧耳素454.2mg(1.2mmol)溶于8mL CH2Cl2,置于反应器中,加入三乙胺0.14mL(1.0mmol),同时通入N2保护,后将咪唑丙烯酰氯溶于5mL CH2Cl2中并滴加到反应器中,室温下反应6.5小时。反应结束,将反应混合体系减压浓缩除去CH2Cl2,所得浓缩液经水洗涤,乙酸乙酯萃取,柱层析分离纯化(200-300目硅胶粉为固定相,流动相为二氯甲烷:乙酸乙酯(V:V)=5:1),干燥得到化合物6,质量为458.2mg,产率为91.9%。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ12.95(s,1H),7.65(s,1H),7.48(d,J=5.0Hz,1H),7.35(s,1H),6.55(dd,J=17.4,11.1Hz,1H),6.36(d,J=15.7Hz,1H),5.86(d,J=8.6Hz,1H),5.41(d,J=11.0Hz,1H),5.26(d,J=17.2Hz,1H),4.69(dd,J=39.8,16.0Hz,2H),3.41(d,J=6.4Hz,1H),2.38(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),2.26(dd,J=10.2,8.7Hz,2H),2.14(d,J=20.2Hz,2H),1.85–1.52(m,6H),1.49(s,3H),1.42(d,J=16.0Hz,2H),1.22(s,3H),1.17(dd,J=14.2,4.0Hz,1H),0.92(d,J=6.8Hz,3H),0.83(d,J=6.8Hz,3H).
13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ217.03,166.87,165.91,138.65,136.58,130.25,129.46,128.42,117.43,115.37,74.62,69.67,61.33,58.12,45.45,44.62,44.05,41.87,36.73,36.03,34.46,30.45,26.84,26.36,24.82,16.68,14.82,11.52.
实施例8
目标化合物7:(E)-2-((3aR,4R,5R,7S,8S,9R,9aS,12R)-8-羟基-4,7,9,12-四甲基-3-氧代-7-乙烯基十氢-4,9a-丙环戊[8]环烯-5-基)氧基)-2-氧代乙基-3-(5-硝基噻吩-2-基)丙烯酸酯的制备
199.2mg(1mmol)5-硝基噻吩-2-丙烯酸、416.4mg(1.1mmol)截短侧耳素与17.1mg(0.01mmol)硅钼酸依次置于25mL反应器中,加入5mL离子液体1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐充分溶解后,通入N2保护,在35℃下反应6小时。薄层色谱法跟踪反应至完全,撤去保护装置。将反应混合体系静止分层,至于分液漏斗中,将离子液体层与酯层分离,所得酯层为化合物7粗品。用20mL甲醇进行重结晶干燥即得到化合物7,所得质量为489.1mg,产率为87.4%。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.46(d,J=5.1Hz,1H),7.28(s,1H),7.09(d,J=4.8Hz,1H),6.52(dd,J=17.5,11.2Hz,1H),6.37(d,J=15.8Hz,1H),5.85(d,J=8.6Hz,1H),5.40(d,J=11.0Hz,1H),5.26(d,J=17.4Hz,1H),4.67(dd,J=39.5,16.0Hz,2H)3.42(d,J=6.3Hz,1H),2.38(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),2.26(dd,J=10.1,8.7Hz,2H),2.13(d,J=20.4Hz,2H),1.85–1.52(m,6H),1.49(s,3H),1.42(d,J=16.0Hz,2H),1.24(s,3H),1.17(dd,J=14.2,4.0Hz,1H),0.93(d,J=6.9Hz,3H),0.84(d,J=6.9Hz,3H).
13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ217.03,166.88,165.91,143.32,140.78,138.63,136.46,130.05,129.17,117.46,115.38,74.62,69.67,61.34,58.13,45.44,44.60,44.05,41.88,36.73,36.05,34.48,30.46,26.83,26.38,24.84,16.67,14.83,11.52.
实施例9
目标化合物8:(E)-2-((3aR,4R,5R,7S,8S,9R,9aS,12R)-8-羟基-4,7,9,12-四甲基-3-氧代-7-乙烯基十氢-4,9a-丙环戊[8]环烯-5-基)氧基)-2-氧代乙基-3-(5-溴代噻吩-2-基)丙烯酸酯的制备
233.1mg(1.0mmol)5-溴噻吩-2-丙烯酸溶于10mL CH2Cl2,置于反应器中,同时通入N2保护,后加入三氯化磷0.35mL(4mmol)于反应体系中,在35℃下反应3小时,反应完全后,撤去保护装置,减压浓缩除去CH2Cl2和过量的三氯化磷得到5-溴噻吩-2-丙烯酰氯备用。将截短侧耳素530.0mg(1.4mmol)溶于8mL CH2Cl2,置于反应器中,加入三乙胺0.14mL(1.0mmol),同时通入N2保护,后将5-溴噻吩-2-丙烯酰氯溶于5mL CH2Cl2中并滴加到反应器中,室温下反应6.5小时。反应结束,将反应混合体系减压浓缩除去CH2Cl2,所得浓缩液经水洗涤,乙酸乙酯萃取,柱层析分离纯化(200-300目硅胶粉为固定相,流动相为石油醚:乙酸乙酯(V:V)=1:1),干燥得到化合物8,质量为524.1mg,产率为88.3%。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.44(d,J=5.1Hz,1H),7.26(s,1H),7.07(d,J=4.8Hz,1H),6.54(dd,J=17.6,11.2Hz,1H),6.36(d,J=15.8Hz,1H),5.85(d,J=8.6Hz,1H),5.40(d,J=11.1Hz,1H),5.28(d,J=17.4Hz,1H),4.68(dd,J=39.7,16.0Hz,2H)3.43(d,J=6.2Hz,1H),2.37(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),2.26(dd,J=10.1,8.7Hz,2H),2.15(d,J=20.2Hz,2H),1.85–1.52(m,6H),1.49(s,3H),1.44(d,J=16.0Hz,2H),1.26(s,3H),1.17(dd,J=14.4,4.0Hz,1H),0.93(d,J=6.9Hz,3H),0.84(d,J=6.8Hz,3H).
13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ217.06,166.86,165.94,142.34,141.76,138.65,137.43,131.08,129.19,117.46,115.38,74.65,69.67,61.33,58.13,45.44,44.60,44.06,41.88,36.75,36.05,34.46,30.47,26.84,26.38,24.84,16.64,14.83,11.54.
实施例10
目标化合物9:(E)-2-((3aR,4R,5R,7S,8S,9R,9aS,12R)-8-羟基-4,7,9,12-四甲基-3-氧代-7-乙烯基十氢-4,9a-丙环戊[8]环烯-5-基)氧基)-2-氧代乙基-3-(3-甲基噻吩-2-基)丙烯酸酯的制备
148.2mg(1.0mmol)3-甲基噻吩-2-丙烯酸溶于10mL CH2Cl2,置于反应器中,同时通入N2保护,加入DMF 0.1mL,后加入草酰氯0.19mL(2.2mmol)于反应体系中,在25℃下反应3小时.反应完全后,撤去保护装置,减压浓缩除去CH2Cl2和过量的草酰氯得到3-甲基噻吩-2-丙烯酰氯备用。将截短侧耳素454.2mg(1.2mmol)溶于8mL CH2Cl2,置于反应器中,加入三乙胺0.14mL(1.0mmol),同时通入N2保护,后将3-甲基噻吩-2-丙烯酰氯溶于5mL CH2Cl2中并滴加到反应器中,室温下反应7小时。反应结束,将反应混合体系减压浓缩除去CH2Cl2,所得浓缩液经水洗涤,乙酸乙酯萃取,柱层析分离纯化(200-300目硅胶粉为固定相,流动相为石油醚:乙酸乙酯(V:V)=1:1),干燥得到化合物9,质量为494.3mg,产率93.5%。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.88(d,J=15.6Hz,1H),7.42(d,J=5.0Hz,1H),7.11(d,J=4.4Hz,1H),6.53(dd,J=17.5,11.1Hz,1H),6.33(d,J=15.7Hz,1H),5.85(d,J=8.7Hz,1H),5.41(d,J=11.0Hz,1H),5.25(d,J=17.4Hz,1H),4.68(dd,J=39.5,16.0Hz,2H)3.41(d,J=6.4Hz,1H),2.45(s,3H),2.36(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),2.26(dd,J=10.2,8.7Hz,2H),2.12(d,J=20.4Hz,2H),1.85–1.50(m,6H),1.48(s,3H),1.43(d,J=16.0Hz,2H),1.22(s,3H),1.16(dd,J=14.1,4.0Hz,1H),0.92(d,J=6.8Hz,3H),0.84(d,J=6.8Hz,3H).
13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ217.03,166.87,165.91,146.42,143.52,138.65,135.58,130.25,129.46,117.43,115.37,74.62,69.67,61.34,58.12,45.47,44.60,44.05,41.87,36.73,36.04,34.47,30.44,26.84,26.38,24.82,16.67,15.31,14.81,11.52.
实施例11
目标化合物10:(E)-2-((3aR,4R,5R,7S,8S,9R,9aS,12R)-8-羟基-4,7,9,12-四甲基-3-氧代-7-乙烯基十氢-4,9a-丙环戊[8]环烯-5-基)氧基)-2-氧代乙基-3-(6-氯吡啶-3-基)丙烯酸酯的制备
193.6mg(1.0mmol)6-氯吡啶-3-丙烯酸溶于10mL CH2Cl2,置于反应器中,同时通入N2保护,加入DMF 0.1mL,后加入草酰氯0.21mL(2.5mmol)于反应体系中,在25℃下反应3小时.反应完全后,撤去保护装置,减压浓缩除去CH2Cl2和过量的草酰氯得到6-氯吡啶-3-丙烯酰氯备用。将截短侧耳素492.1mg(1.3mmol)溶于8mL CH2Cl2,置于反应器中,加入三乙胺0.14mL(1.0mmol),同时通入N2保护,后将6-氯吡啶-3-丙烯酰氯溶于5mL CH2Cl2中并滴加加入到反应器中,室温下反应5小时。反应结束,将反应混合体系减压浓缩除去CH2Cl2,所得浓缩液经水洗涤,乙酸乙酯萃取,柱层析分离纯化(200-300目硅胶粉为固定相,流动相为二氯甲烷:乙酸乙酯(V:V)=3:1),干燥得到化合物10,质量为494.0mg,产率90.8%。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.82(s,1H),7.86(d,J=7.8Hz,1H),7.82(d,J=16.2Hz,1H),7.42(d,J=7.6Hz,1H),6.68–6.44(m,2H),5.88(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),5.42(d,J=11.0Hz,1H),5.26(d,J=17.3Hz,1H),4.72(dd,J=39.8,16.0Hz,2H),3.43(d,J=6.5Hz,1H),2.36(t,J=7.3Hz,1H),2.32–2.20(m,2H),2.18–2.08(m,2H),1.88–1.52(m,6H),1.48(s,3H),1.46–1.37(m,2H),1.24(s,3H),1.21–1.14(m,1H),0.94(d,J=6.9Hz,3H),0.85(d,J=6.9Hz,3H).
13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ216.96,166.65,165.32,153.20,151.77,142.48,138.75,134.48,129.99,123.88,119.04,117.41,74.57,69.83,61.50,58.09,45.46,44.61,44.06,41.88,36.69,36.04,34.47,30.43,26.83,26.42,24.83,16.67,14.80,11.49.
实施例12
目标化合物11:(E)-2-((3aR,4R,5R,7S,8S,9R,9aS,12R)-8-羟基-4,7,9,12-四甲基-3-氧代-7-乙烯基十氢-4,9a-丙环戊[8]环烯-5-基)氧基)-2-氧代乙基-3-(6-甲氧基-2-甲基吡啶-3-基)丙烯酸酯的制备
199.2mg(1mmol)6-甲氧基-2甲基吡啶-3-丙烯酸、416.4mg(1.1mmol)截短侧耳素与17.1mg(0.01mmol)硅钼酸依次置于25mL反应器中,加入5mL离子液体1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐充分溶解后,通入N2保护,在40℃下反应6小时。薄层色谱法跟踪反应至完全,撤去保护装置。将反应混合体系静止分层,至于分液漏斗中,将离子液体层与酯层分离,所得酯层为化合物11粗品。用20mL甲醇进行重结晶干燥即得到化合物11,质量为490.6mg,产率为88.6%。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.65(s,1H),7.80(d,J=16.1Hz,1H),7.41(s,1H),6.69–6.46(m,2H),5.86(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),5.40(d,J=11.0Hz,1H),5.28(d,J=17.3Hz,1H),4.72(dd,J=39.5,16.0Hz,2H),3.85(s,3H),3.42(d,J=6.5Hz,1H),2.52(s,3H),2.39(t,J=7.4Hz,1H),2.31–2.20(m,2H),2.19–2.07(m,2H),1.86–1.51(m,6H),1.49(s,3H),1.46–1.38(m,2H),1.23(s,3H),1.21–1.11(m,1H),0.92(d,J=6.8Hz,3H),0.85(d,J=6.8Hz,3H).
13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ216.97,166.66,165.35,162.24,159.78,142.48,138.76,134.46,129.96,123.86,119.03,117.41,74.57,69.83,61.52,58.09,54.50,45.47,44.62,44.02,41.86,36.68,36.05,34.47,30.41,26.85,26.42,24.85,22.36,16.65,14.79,11.48.
实施例13
目标化合物12:(E)-2-((3aR,4R,5R,7S,8S,9R,9aS,12R)-8-羟基-4,7,9,12-四甲基-3-氧代-7-乙烯基十氢-4,9a-丙环戊[8]环烯-5-基)氧基)-2-氧代乙基-3-(3-氯呋喃-2-基)丙烯酸酯的制备
172.6mg(1.0mmol)3-氯呋喃-2-丙烯酸溶于10mLCH2Cl2,置于反应器中,同时通入N2保护,后加入二氯亚砜0.29mL(4mmol)于反应体系中,在60℃下反应3小时。反应完全后,撤去保护装置,减压浓缩除去CH2Cl2和过量的二氯亚砜得到3-氯呋喃-2-丙烯酰氯备用。将截短侧耳素492.1mg(1.3mmol)溶于8mL CH2Cl2,置于反应器中,加入三乙胺0.14mL(1.0mmol),同时通入N2保护,后将3-氯呋喃-2-丙烯酰氯溶于5mL CH2Cl2中并滴加加入到反应器中,室温下反应6小时。反应结束,将反应混合体系减压浓缩除去CH2Cl2,所得浓缩液经水洗涤,乙酸乙酯萃取,柱层析分离纯化(200-300目硅胶粉为固定相,流动相为二氯甲烷:乙酸乙酯(V:V)=3:1),干燥得到化合物12,质量为493.7mg,产率92.6%。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.53(t,J=7.7Hz,2H),6.50(d,J=16.1Hz,2H),6.41(d,J=15.3Hz,1H),5.82(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),5.38(d,J=10.7Hz,1H),5.24(d,J=17.3Hz,1H),4.66(d,J=16.0Hz,2H),3.40(d,J=6.4Hz,1H),2.36(t,J=7.2Hz,1H),2.26(t,J=9.4Hz,2H),2.15–2.06(m,2H),1.86–1.51(m,6H),1.48(s,3H),1.47–1.36(m,2H),1.21(s,3H),1.15(dd,J=14.0,3.8Hz,1H),0.91(d,J=6.9Hz,3H),0.81(d,J=6.9Hz,3H).
13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ217.02,166.88,166.07,151.69,146.52,138.77,132.35,118.48,116.35,114.31,112.41,74.58,69.63,61.33,58.12,45.45,44.57,44.03,41.86,36.71,36.02,34.47,30.41,26.84,26.37,24.82,16.67,14.81,11.47.
实施例14
化合物体外抗耐药菌活性测定:
采用微量肉汤稀释法,以莫西沙星为阳性对照品,测试截短侧耳素芳杂环丙烯酸酯类化合物的最低抑菌浓度(Minimum inhibitory concentration,MIC)。同时与已上市的截短侧耳素类抗生素沃尼妙林进行比较,以筛选出活性更优的截短侧耳素类衍生物。
实验菌株包括革兰氏阳性菌:表皮葡萄球菌(ATCC 12228)、金黄色葡萄球菌(ATCC29213)、(ATCC 25923)和耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(ATCC 33591);革兰氏阴性菌:鲍曼不动杆菌(ATCC 19606)和大肠杆菌(ATCC 25922)。
具体操作步骤如下:
(1)MHB培养基配制:称取MHB培养基(上海广锐生物科技有限公司)20.0g,加入到1L蒸馏水中,加热煮沸至完全溶解,分装于锥形瓶中,121℃高压灭菌15min,备用;
(2)实验菌株培养至对数生长期:无菌条件下,将复苏后的实验菌株接种到100mLMHB培养基中,置于37℃恒温恒湿培养箱中培养20-22h,备用;
(3)样品液制备:称取待测样品用DMSO溶液溶解,配制成浓度为10.24mg/mL的样品液;称取阳性对照品(莫西沙星),用DMSO溶液溶解,配制成浓度为5.12mg/mL的样品液;
(4)菌悬液制备:无菌条件下,将培养至对数生长期的实验菌株用MHB培养基校正到0.5麦氏单位浊度标准后按1:200的比例进行稀释,备用;
(5)微量二倍稀释法测定MIC:取无菌96孔板,在第2孔加入10μL沃尼妙林样品液,第4-11孔加入10μL DMSO溶液,第3、4孔加入10μL按梯度设置稀释过的待测样品的样品液,并对药物进行二倍稀释至第10孔,第11孔为溶剂对照。然后每孔加入190μL稀释过的菌悬液,使每孔最终的菌液浓度为5×105CFU/mL,置37℃恒温恒湿箱中培育20-22h。
(6)MIC终点判读:黑色背景下肉眼观察96孔板中所见能完全抑制细菌生长的浓度为该样品对该种细菌的最低抑菌浓度,记录结果见表1及图11-12。
表1受试药物及阳性药的最低抑菌浓度(μg/mL)
表1可知,化合物1-12对受试菌表皮葡萄球菌(ATCC 12228)和耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(ATCC 33591)均有抑制作用,且效果均不弱于沃尼妙林;化合物1对金黄色葡萄球菌(ATCC 25923)的抑制作用优于沃尼妙林;化合物1和10对大肠杆菌(ATCC 25922)的抑制作用与沃尼妙林的作用相当;结合表1的数据可以看出化合物1对多数测试菌株的抑制作用优于沃尼妙林,可做进一步研究。
实施例15
代表性化合物的细胞毒性测定:
采用MTT法评估含截短侧耳素芳杂环丙烯酸酯类化合物体外细胞毒性。取处于对数生长期的HepG2、HEK293和A549细胞,胰蛋白酶消化后制成细胞悬液,调整细胞密度为105个/mL,每孔100μL接种于无菌96孔细胞培养板,置于37℃,5%CO2恒温培养箱中培养24h。待细胞贴满孔板底部后,分别在每孔中加入浓度梯度的药液10μL,平行设6个复孔,同时设置调零组(不含细胞和药物组)和对照组(不含药物组)。置于37℃,5%CO2恒温培养箱内孵育24h后,每孔加入5g/L MTT溶液20μL继续培养4h。培养结束后,轻轻吸去孔内培养液,每孔加入DMSO 150μL,置摇床上低速振荡10min,使结晶物充分溶解后,于酶联免疫检测仪OD490 nm处测量各孔的吸光值,计算细胞存活率,并在光学显微镜下观察细胞的形态变化。根据半数抑制浓度(IC50)来评价药物对HepG2、HEK293和A549细胞的细胞毒性,部分记录结果见表2及图13-图17。
表2代表性受试药物的半数抑制浓度(IC50)(μM)
表2显示了代表化合物1、4、8和沃尼妙林对HepG2细胞、HEK293细胞和A549细胞的半数抑制浓度,由以上数据可以得知化合物1、4和8对HepG2和A549细胞的IC50值均大于沃尼妙林,其中化合物1和化合物8对HepG2细胞的IC50值分别为80.62μM和80.78μM,是沃尼妙林(IC50=37.26μM)的2.2倍;化合物1、4和8对A549细胞的作用略优于沃尼妙林;并且化合物4对HEK293细胞的IC50值(IC50=33.01μM)略大于沃尼妙林的IC50值(IC50=31.10μM);综合上述数据,所优选的三个化合物对上述三种细胞的细胞毒性与沃尼妙林相比有不同程度的优势。图13-17表明,即使用高浓度(200μM)化合物1处理HepG2、HEK293和A549细胞,其存活率也远远高于沃尼妙林,进一步证实其安全性良好。综合数据和细胞形态,化合物1具有良好的抗菌活性以及毒性较低的优点,可以做进一步的研究。
Claims (8)
1.一类截短侧耳素芳杂环丙烯酸酯类化合物,其特征在于,为如下化合物中的一种或其药学上可接受的盐:
。
2.根据权利要求1所述的截短侧耳素芳杂环丙烯酸酯类化合物,其特征在于,所述的药学上可接受的盐为所述化合物与盐酸、氢溴酸、硫酸、硝酸、磷酸、醋酸、富马酸、马来酸、草酸、丙二酸、琥珀酸、柠檬酸、苹果酸、甲磺酸、乙磺酸、苯磺酸、甲苯磺酸、谷氨酸或天冬氨酸形成的盐。
3.权利要求1-2任一项所述的截短侧耳素芳杂环丙烯酸酯类化合物的制备方法,其特征在于,采用合成路线Ⅰ或合成路线Ⅱ进行制备:
所述合成路线Ⅰ包括如下步骤:
步骤(1),将芳杂环甲醛与丙二酸通过Knoevenagel缩合反应,制备芳杂环丙烯酸类化合物;
步骤(2),将步骤(1)得到的芳杂环丙烯酸与酰氯试剂反应,制备中间体1;
步骤(3),将中间体1与截短侧耳素在有机碱的催化下进行反应,制备式Ⅰ的目标化合物;
所述合成路线Ⅱ包括如下步骤:
步骤1),将芳杂环甲醛与丙酸通过Knoevenagel缩合反应,制备芳杂环丙烯酸类化合物;
步骤2),将步骤1)得到的芳杂环丙烯酸类化合物与截短侧耳素溶于离子液体中,加入催化剂进行催化反应,制备式Ⅰ的目标化合物;
其中,所述芳杂环甲醛为吡啶-3-甲醛或5-溴噻吩-2-甲醛。
4.根据权利要求3所述的截短侧耳素芳杂环丙烯酸酯类化合物的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)和步骤1)具体为:将芳杂环甲醛溶于吡啶,加入丙二酸后,加热回流,在TLC检测下反应完成后,加入盐酸至沉淀完全,然后将沉淀经过滤收集,洗涤,真空干燥,得到芳杂环丙烯酸类化合物。
5.根据权利要求3所述的截短侧耳素芳杂环丙烯酸酯类化合物的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中:酰氯化试剂为草酰氯、氯化亚砜或三氯化磷,芳杂环丙烯酸类化合物和酰氯化试剂的摩尔比为1:(1.5-5),反应温度为20℃-60℃。
6.根据权利要求3所述的截短侧耳素芳杂环丙烯酸酯类化合物的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(3)中:有机碱为三乙胺、吡啶或DIEA,中间体1和截短侧耳素的摩尔比为1:(1-1.4)。
7.根据权利要求3所述的截短侧耳素芳杂环丙烯酸酯类化合物的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤2)中:芳杂环丙烯酸类化合物与截短侧耳素的摩尔比为1:(1-1.4);催化剂为硅钼酸,离子液体为1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐;反应温度为30℃-60℃。
8.权利要求1-2任一项所述的截短侧耳素芳杂环丙烯酸酯类化合物在制备抗耐药菌药物中的应用,其特征在于,所述抗耐药菌药物为抗鲍曼不动杆菌ATCC 19606的药物。
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