CN114570397A - 一种可回收再造的尖晶石型Ni基复合氧化物催化剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种可回收再造的尖晶石型Ni基复合氧化物催化剂及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN114570397A CN114570397A CN202210339690.8A CN202210339690A CN114570397A CN 114570397 A CN114570397 A CN 114570397A CN 202210339690 A CN202210339690 A CN 202210339690A CN 114570397 A CN114570397 A CN 114570397A
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- Prior art keywords
- catalyst
- spinel
- active component
- nib
- composite oxide
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 160
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 229910052596 spinel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 35
- 239000011029 spinel Substances 0.000 title claims description 35
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 72
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 72
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 65
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 238000002407 reforming Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 229910001868 water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000012855 volatile organic compound Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical group CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 98
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 87
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 58
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 52
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 49
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 45
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 44
- 235000019441 ethanol Nutrition 0.000 claims description 33
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims description 30
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 29
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- -1 nickel halide Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- IDGUHHHQCWSQLU-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethanol;hydrate Chemical compound O.CCO IDGUHHHQCWSQLU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- MQRWBMAEBQOWAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;nickel Chemical compound [Ni].CC(O)=O.CC(O)=O MQRWBMAEBQOWAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940078494 nickel acetate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- LGQLOGILCSXPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel sulfate Chemical compound [Ni+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O LGQLOGILCSXPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- DOLZKNFSRCEOFV-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel(2+);oxalate Chemical compound [Ni+2].[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O DOLZKNFSRCEOFV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000008 nickel(II) carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000363 nickel(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- ZULUUIKRFGGGTL-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel(ii) carbonate Chemical compound [Ni+2].[O-]C([O-])=O ZULUUIKRFGGGTL-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- KBJMLQFLOWQJNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel(ii) nitrate Chemical compound [Ni+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O KBJMLQFLOWQJNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 150000003891 oxalate salts Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 20
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000015271 coagulation Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005345 coagulation Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 45
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 25
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- 229960004106 citric acid Drugs 0.000 description 21
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 229910000943 NiAl Inorganic materials 0.000 description 18
- NPXOKRUENSOPAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Raney nickel Chemical compound [Al].[Ni] NPXOKRUENSOPAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 238000000629 steam reforming Methods 0.000 description 16
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 14
- YASYEJJMZJALEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Citric acid monohydrate Chemical compound O.OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O YASYEJJMZJALEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 229910003303 NiAl2O4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 229960002303 citric acid monohydrate Drugs 0.000 description 13
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 12
- JHJLBTNAGRQEKS-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium bromide Chemical compound [Na+].[Br-] JHJLBTNAGRQEKS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 9
- 229910003266 NiCo Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 229910005949 NiCo2O4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 229910001030 Iron–nickel alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910003322 NiCu Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910003264 NiFe2O4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910003289 NiMn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000010815 organic waste Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910002249 LaCl3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910005802 NiMn2O4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910021588 Nickel(II) iodide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910018094 ScI3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910001626 barium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000009841 combustion method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002453 autothermal reforming Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000007084 catalytic combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 2
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910018516 Al—O Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910016010 BaAl2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 244000248349 Citrus limon Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000005979 Citrus limon Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910019114 CoAl2O4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018565 CuAl Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910020068 MgAl Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 241000080590 Niso Species 0.000 description 1
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- COHCXWLRUISKOO-UHFFFAOYSA-N [AlH3].[Ba] Chemical compound [AlH3].[Ba] COHCXWLRUISKOO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AYJRCSIUFZENHW-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium carbonate Inorganic materials [Ba+2].[O-]C([O-])=O AYJRCSIUFZENHW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010170 biological method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012790 confirmation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003179 granulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACSA-N heavy water Substances [2H]O[2H] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010806 kitchen waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- NQNBVCBUOCNRFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel ferrite Chemical compound [Ni]=O.O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O NQNBVCBUOCNRFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002895 organic esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000033116 oxidation-reduction process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013033 photocatalytic degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000006057 reforming reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001172 regenerating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003980 solgel method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B01J27/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
- B01J27/06—Halogens; Compounds thereof
- B01J27/128—Halogens; Compounds thereof with iron group metals or platinum group metals
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/005—Spinels
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/74—Iron group metals
- B01J23/755—Nickel
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/76—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/78—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36 with alkali- or alkaline earth metals
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/76—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/84—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36 with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
- B01J23/889—Manganese, technetium or rhenium
- B01J23/8892—Manganese
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- B01J27/06—Halogens; Compounds thereof
- B01J27/138—Halogens; Compounds thereof with alkaline earth metals, magnesium, beryllium, zinc, cadmium or mercury
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
- C01B3/32—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air
- C01B3/323—Catalytic reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds other than hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
- C01B3/326—Catalytic reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds other than hydrocarbons with gasifying agents characterised by the catalyst
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/02—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/0205—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step
- C01B2203/0227—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step containing a catalytic reforming step
- C01B2203/0233—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step containing a catalytic reforming step the reforming step being a steam reforming step
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/10—Catalysts for performing the hydrogen forming reactions
- C01B2203/1041—Composition of the catalyst
- C01B2203/1047—Group VIII metal catalysts
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
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- C01B2203/1041—Composition of the catalyst
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- C01B2203/1052—Nickel or cobalt catalysts
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/10—Catalysts for performing the hydrogen forming reactions
- C01B2203/1041—Composition of the catalyst
- C01B2203/1047—Group VIII metal catalysts
- C01B2203/1052—Nickel or cobalt catalysts
- C01B2203/1058—Nickel catalysts
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/12—Feeding the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/1205—Composition of the feed
- C01B2203/1211—Organic compounds or organic mixtures used in the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/12—Feeding the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/1205—Composition of the feed
- C01B2203/1211—Organic compounds or organic mixtures used in the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/1217—Alcohols
- C01B2203/1223—Methanol
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
- Y02P20/584—Recycling of catalysts
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
- Hydrogen, Water And Hydrids (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及一种可回收再造的尖晶石型Ni基复合氧化物催化剂及其制备方法,该催化剂以Ni为A位的尖晶石型复合氧化物NiB2O4为催化活性组分;以易水溶且耐高温的卤素金属盐MX为载体;以MX载体质量为基准,NiB2O4活性组分的质量负载量为0.5%~18%。采用的制备方法为共混胶凝烧制法,工艺简单。本发明的催化剂适用于挥发性有机化合物(VOCs)的重整制氢,以及煤、生物质及其他废弃有机质等气化产物的二次重整制氢。与现有重整制氢催化剂相比,本发明的催化剂不仅突破了低比表面积难以获得高质量活性的技术瓶颈,还具有制氢选择性高,反应温度低,废弃可循环回收再造及成本低廉等优点,具有广阔的应用前景和商业价值。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种面向含氧有机物重整制氢的可回收再造尖晶石型Ni基复合氧化物催化剂及其制备方法,属于能源催化新材料、能源化工、催化剂工程及特种无机非金属材料领域。
背景技术
能源短缺与不断增长的需求之间的矛盾日益突出,以煤为主体的消耗不仅产生了大量的CO2,还造成了严重的环境污染和气候变化,氢能开发成为全球能源与环境领域的重大需求。目前,煤气化技术成熟,不但实现了煤的绿色使用,而且为废弃有机质的清洁利用提供了新路径。我国是世界上最大的有机废弃物生产国,面对潜力巨大的废弃物资源,我国整体利用率偏低,城乡有机废弃物资源化利用空间大,但已有的资源化利用技术存在减量化利用不彻底、资源化利用不完全的问题。以可再生的有机质为原料,通过化学法或生物法制氢,与减污降碳的绿色高质量发展战略相吻合,成为当前环境与能源领域研究的热点。其中,含氧有机化合物(OVOCs)等气化产物高效制氢是打通有机质制氢产业链的关键。此外,OVOCs也是工业大量排放的有毒有害气体污染物,通常由醛、酮、醇、醚、低分子有机酸和有机酯类等组成。目前治理OVOCs的技术有燃烧法、催化燃烧法、吸附法、吸收法、冷凝法、膜分离法、光催化降解法和生物处理法等,其中,燃烧法和催化燃烧法为当前工业应用的主流技术,燃烧法的实质是将 OVOCs氧化转变为CO2和H2O,但是,也牺牲了OVOCs本身化学资源的价值。因此,在实现OVOCs无害化处置的前提下,发展其高效重整制氢技术成为环境与能源领域的重大需求,催化剂是重整技术的核心。然而,目前商用催化剂大多为贵金属催化剂,成本高昂,特别是其失效后难以回收利用,造成了催化剂材料资源的极大浪费,严重阻碍有机质气化重整和OVOCs资源化制氢的产业进程。因此,研发低成本高效重整制氢催化剂技术成为有机物重整制氢领域的重大需求。
目前,重整制氢较为前沿的催化剂之一是尖晶石型催化剂。专利CN112892542A公开了一种采用溶胶凝胶法制备的用于乙酸自热重整制氢的钴基钡铝尖晶石型复合氧化物催化剂,经焙烧形成以Co-Ba-Al-O为活性中心、 BaCO3为骨架并含有BaAl2O4和CoAl2O4尖晶石,提高了活性组分的抗氧化性和分散性,同时提高了乙酸自热重整过程中氢气产率、耐烧结和抗积碳能力。该催化剂在650℃获得乙醇转化率为100%,H2产率为2.51mol-H2/mol-HAc。专利 JP4665044B2公开了一种使用Cu-铝酸盐尖晶石型复合氧化物还原得到的催化剂,通过X射线衍射确认尖晶石型CuAl2O4复合氧化物几乎不残留在表层中。在这种状态下,表现出稳定且高效的催化性能。该催化剂很容易通过氧化重新活化,同时保持高催化剂性能,在350℃获得甲醇转化率为95%,H2选择性为75%。专利KR101437072B1公开了一种用于重整反应的钴基催化剂,以活性金属Co 作为活性成分,以及含有Mg、Cr(Co)作为尖晶石型载体,具有高含量CO等的产率。该催化剂在400℃空气气氛下获得甲烷转化率为95%。陈柏全等以Al2O3为载体,形成了NiMn2O4尖晶石,同时Al掺杂到NiMn2O4尖晶石晶格;还原后, Mn与Al形成了具有稳定结构的NiAl2O4尖晶石,限域效应使得Ni保持良好的分散度和稳定性,有效抑制了金属Ni的烧结和氧化。该催化剂在700℃获得乙酸转化率为100%,H2产率达到了2.7mol-H2/mol-HAc。Sehested等人在针对Ni 在蒸汽重整中烧结的研究中,将Mg、K加入Ni/Al2O3催化剂中,形成了稳定的 MgAl2O4与K2Al2O4尖晶石,使活性金属Ni得到了稳定,抑制了Ni的烧结。Zhang 等人在乙醇的蒸汽重整过程中制备了Ni-Mg-Mn-Fe催化剂,结果表明该催化剂在反应过程中形成NiMn2O4和NiFe2O4尖晶石提高了活性组分Ni的稳定性和氧化还原性。
综上所述,尖晶石型复合氧化物催化剂在有机物重整制氢中表现出较优异的催化性能。但是,现有催化剂还存在诸如废弃难以回收再造、普适性不强及制备方法复杂等问题。为此,本发明开发了一种可回收再造的新型高效稳定的尖晶石型Ni基复合氧化物催化剂,并提供催化剂的制备方法,不仅能为OVOCs、餐厨废弃油脂、废弃塑料等有机废料资源化高效制氢提供关键技术支撑,还可以利用卤素盐的水溶性实现催化剂的循环回收再造,卤素的强电负性亦可增强催化剂对含氧有机物的高效吸附,从而有助于提升催化剂的制氢性能,同时可以联产碳纳米管。既契合国家“减污降碳”战略的重大需求,又能实现废弃有机质的变废为宝,低成本制造氢能和碳纳米管,具有重要的科学研究意义和商业价值。
发明内容
本发明的目的是针对有机废弃物整体利用率偏低,已有的资源化利用技术减量化利用不彻底、资源化利用不完全的问题,以及现有重整制氢催化剂存在的废弃后难以回收再造、普适性不强和制备方法复杂等问题,提出一种可循环回收再造的尖晶石型Ni基复合氧化物催化剂,本发明的另一目的是提供上述催化剂的制备方法,本发明还有一目的是提供上述催化剂的应用,可将挥发性有机化合物 (VOCs)以及煤、生物质、有机废料等的气化产物转化为清洁无污染的氢气。
本发明的技术方案为:一种可回收再造的尖晶石型Ni基复合氧化物催化剂,其特征在于所述催化剂是以Ni为A位的尖晶石型复合氧化物NiB2O4为催化活性组分;以易水溶且耐高温(熔点>750℃)的卤素金属盐MX为载体;以MX 载体质量为基准,NiB2O4活性组分的质量负载量为0.5%~18%。
优选尖晶石型复合氧化物NiB2O4中B位元素为Co、Mn、Al、Cu或Fe中的一种。
优选MX载体中X为F时,M为Rb、K或Na中的一种;X为Cl时,M为 Ba、La、Na或Ca中的一种;X为Br时,M为Ni或Na中的一种;X为I时, M为Sc或Ni中的一种。
本发明还提供了一种制备上述的尖晶石型Ni基复合氧化物催化剂的方法,为共混胶凝烧制法,其具体步骤为:
(1)NiB2O4活性组分前驱体溶液的配制
按照Ni/B摩尔比为1/2,选取B位试剂源、Ni源试剂及适量溶剂(溶解即可)配制NiB2O4活性组分前驱体溶液;
(2)NiB2O4/MX催化剂的制备
按照总金属离子与柠檬酸的摩尔比为1:(1.3~1.7),量取步骤(1)配制的NiB2O4前驱体溶液和柠檬酸,充分混合,溶于乙醇水溶液中,搅拌至完全溶解,得到混合溶液;混合溶液在60~80℃恒温水浴中加热4~6h,充分搅拌得到溶胶,冷却至室温;称取卤素金属盐MX粉末,将其置入配置好的溶胶中,常温搅拌使二者混合均匀,然后放入高温炉保温干燥,得到干凝胶;再将干凝胶置入 500~700℃马弗炉中在氧气氛下煅烧2~6h,经破碎和标准筛造粒,获得活性组分负载量为0.5~18%且粒径为20~40目的尖晶石型NiB2O4/MX催化剂。
优选步骤(1)中所述的B位试剂源为水溶性硝酸盐、卤素盐、硫酸盐、醋酸盐、碳酸盐或草酸盐;Ni源试剂为硝酸镍、卤酸镍、硫酸镍、醋酸镍、碳酸镍或草酸镍中的一种;溶剂为无水乙醇、柠檬酸、去离子水或醋酸。
优选步骤(2)中所述的乙醇水溶液中去离子水与乙醇的体积比为1:(2~4)。
优选步骤(2)中高温炉保温干燥的温度为100~120℃,保温干燥时间为4~8h。
本发明还提供了上述的尖晶石型Ni基复合氧化物催化剂在重整制氢中的应用,适用于挥发性有机化合物(VOCs)的重整制氢,以及煤、生物质和废弃有机质等气化产物的二次重整制氢。
所述的尖晶石型Ni基复合氧化物催化剂的回收再造方法为:首先,通过水洗溶解催化剂载体,获得卤素金属盐载体溶液和不溶催化剂活性组分固体。其次,进行固液分离,使用原活性组分前驱体盐对应的酸液溶解剩余活性组分,从而还原为原活性组分前驱体盐溶液。再次,将卤素金属盐载体溶液蒸发得到卤素金属盐粉体。最后,以卤素金属盐粉体与活性组分前驱体盐溶液为原料,通过上述方法重新制得新鲜尖晶石型Ni基复合氧化物催化剂。
有益效果:
与现有重整制氢催化剂相比,本发明提供的新型可回收再造尖晶石型Ni基重整制氢催化剂先进性显著,突破了低比表面积催化剂难以获得高质量活性的技术瓶颈,催化剂的制氢活性温度较低,制氢选择性高,应用普适性强,废弃后可循环回收再造,并且再生催化剂的制氢性能能恢复到初始新鲜水平,制备和使用成本低廉。同时,该催化剂的制备工艺简单,适用于挥发性有机化合物(VOCs) 的重整制氢,以及煤、生物质、有机废料等气化产物的二次重整制氢,具有广阔的工业应用前景和商业价值。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明做进一步说明,但本发明的保护范围不限于此:
实施例1
(1)NiCo2O4活性组分前驱体溶液的配制
按照Ni/Co摩尔比为1/2,称取0.1208gNi(NO3)2·6H2O,0.2420gCo(NO3)2· 6H2O及适量去离子水配制NiCo2O4活性组分前驱体溶液。
(2)NiCo2O4/NaCl催化剂的制备
按照总金属离子与柠檬酸的摩尔比为1:1.5,量取NiCo2O4前驱体溶液及 0.2621g一水合柠檬酸,充分混合,溶于去离子水与乙醇的体积比为1:2的乙醇水溶液中,搅拌至完全溶解,得到混合溶液。混合溶液在80℃恒温水浴中加热 4h,充分搅拌得到溶胶,冷却至室温。称取20g NaCl粉末,将其置入配置好的复合溶胶中,常温搅拌使二者混合均匀,然后放入100℃高温炉保温干燥6h,得到干凝胶。再将干凝胶置入600℃马弗炉中在氧气氛下保温焙烧3h,经破碎和标准筛造粒,获得活性组分质量负载量为0.5%且粒径为20~40目的尖晶石型 NiCo2O4/NaCl催化剂。
(3)催化剂的制氢性能评价
以甲醛为氢源,设定反应空速为20000h-1,通过固定床蒸汽重整反应,该催化剂在550℃获得最佳H2选择性为80.34%。将使用后的催化剂经3次回收再造后,再生催化剂蒸汽重整甲醛制氢的H2选择性能恢复到新鲜催化剂的初始水平,达到80.21%。
实施例2
(1)NiCu2O4活性组分前驱体溶液的配制
按照Ni/Cu摩尔比为1/2,称取1.160gNi(NO3)2·6H2O,1.927gCu(NO3)2· 3H2O及适量去离子水和柠檬酸配制NiCu2O4活性组分前驱体溶液。
(2)NiCu2O4/NaCl催化剂的制备
按照总金属离子与柠檬酸的摩尔比为1:1.5,量取NiCu2O4前驱体溶液及2.515g一水合柠檬酸,充分混合,溶于去离子水与乙醇的体积比为1:2的乙醇水溶液中,搅拌至完全溶解,得到混合溶液。混合溶液在80℃恒温水浴中加热4h,充分搅拌得到溶胶,冷却至室温。称取20g NaCl粉末,将其置入配置好的复合溶胶中,常温搅拌使二者混合均匀,然后放入100℃高温炉保温干燥6h,得到干凝胶。再将干凝胶置入600℃马弗炉中在氧气氛下保温焙烧3h,经破碎和标准筛造粒,获得活性组分质量负载量为5%且粒径为20~40目的尖晶石型NiCu2O4/NaCl催化剂。
(3)催化剂的制氢性能评价
以甲醇为氢源,设定反应空速为20000h-1,通过固定床蒸汽重整反应,该催化剂在500℃获得最佳H2选择性为53.82%。将使用后的催化剂经4次回收再造后,再生催化剂蒸汽重整甲醇制氢的H2选择性能恢复到新鲜催化剂的初始水平,达到52.97%。
实施例3
(1)NiAl2O4活性组分前驱体溶液的配制
按照Ni/Al摩尔比为1/2,称取3.292gNi(NO3)2·6H2O,8.493gAl(NO3)3·9H2O 及适量去离子水和醋酸配制NiAl2O4活性组分前驱体溶液。
(2)NiAl2O4/NaCl催化剂的制备
按照总金属离子与柠檬酸的摩尔比为1:1.5,量取NiAl2O4前驱体溶液及 7.137g一水合柠檬酸,充分混合,溶于去离子水与乙醇的体积比为1:2的乙醇水溶液中,搅拌至完全溶解,得到混合溶液。混合溶液在80℃恒温水浴中加热4h,充分搅拌得到溶胶,冷却至室温。称取20g NaCl粉末,将其置入配置好的复合溶胶中,常温搅拌使二者混合均匀,然后放入100℃高温炉保温干燥6h,得到干凝胶。再将干凝胶置入600℃马弗炉中在氧气氛下保温焙烧3h,经破碎和标准筛造粒,获得活性组分质量负载量为10%且粒径为20~40目的尖晶石型 NiAl2O4/NaCl催化剂。
(3)催化剂的制氢性能评价
以甲酸为氢源,设定反应空速为20000h-1,通过固定床蒸汽重整反应,该催化剂在500℃获得最佳H2选择性为112.25%。将使用后的催化剂经6次回收再造后,再生催化剂蒸汽重整甲酸制氢的H2选择性能恢复到新鲜催化剂的初始水平,达到112.16%。
实施例4
(1)NiFe2O4活性组分前驱体溶液的配制
按照Ni/Fe摩尔比为1/2,称取3.722gNi(NO3)2·6H2O,10.341gFe(NO3)3· 9H2O及适量去离子水、柠檬酸和醋酸配制NiFe2O4活性组分前驱体溶液。
(2)NiFe2O4/NaCl催化剂的制备
按照总金属离子与柠檬酸的摩尔比为1:1.5,量取NiFe2O4前驱体溶液及 7.137g一水合柠檬酸,充分混合,溶于去离子水与乙醇的体积比为1:2的乙醇水溶液中,搅拌至完全溶解,得到混合溶液。混合溶液在80℃恒温水浴中加热4h,充分搅拌得到溶胶,冷却至室温。称取20g NaCl粉末,将其置入配置好的复合溶胶中,常温搅拌使二者混合均匀,然后放入100℃高温炉保温干燥6h,得到干凝胶。再将干凝胶置入600℃马弗炉中在氧气氛下保温焙烧3h,经破碎和标准筛造粒,获得活性组分质量负载量为15%且粒径为20~40目的尖晶石型 NiFe2O4/NaCl催化剂。
(3)催化剂的制氢性能评价
以乙酸乙酯为氢源,设定反应空速为20000h-1,通过固定床蒸汽重整反应,该催化剂在750℃获得最佳H2选择性为65.22%。将使用后的催化剂经2次回收再造后,再生催化剂蒸汽重整乙酸乙酯制氢的H2选择性能恢复到新鲜催化剂的初始水平,达到64.85%。
实施例5
(1)NiMn2O4活性组分前驱体溶液的配制
按照Ni/Mn摩尔比为1/2,称取4.501gNi(NO3)2·6H2O,6.127gMnCl3·4H2O 及适量去离子水、柠檬酸和无水乙醇配制NiMn2O4活性组分前驱体溶液。
(2)NiMn2O4/NaCl催化剂的制备
按照总金属离子与柠檬酸的摩尔比为1:1.5,量取NiMn2O4前驱体溶液及9.758g一水合柠檬酸,充分混合,溶于去离子水与乙醇的体积比为1:2的乙醇水溶液中,搅拌至完全溶解,得到混合溶液。混合溶液在80℃恒温水浴中加热4h,充分搅拌得到溶胶,冷却至室温。称取20g NaCl粉末,将其置入配置好的复合溶胶中,常温搅拌使二者混合均匀,然后放入100℃高温炉保温干燥6h,得到干凝胶。再将干凝胶置入600℃马弗炉中在氧气氛下保温焙烧3h,经破碎和标准筛造粒,获得活性组分质量负载量为18%且粒径为20~40目的尖晶石型NiMn2O4/ NaCl催化剂。
(3)催化剂的制氢性能评价
以乙醇为氢源,设定反应空速为20000h-1,通过固定床蒸汽重整反应,该催化剂在600℃获得最佳H2选择性为110.77%。将使用后的催化剂经2次回收再造后,再生催化剂蒸汽重整乙醇制氢的H2选择性能恢复到新鲜催化剂的初始水平,达到110.63%。
实施例6
(1)NiAl2O4活性组分前驱体溶液的配制
按照Ni/Al摩尔比为1/2,称取2.069gNiC2O4·2H2O,5.466gAlCl3·6H2O及适量去离子水和柠檬酸配制NiAl2O4活性组分前驱体溶液。
(2)NiAl2O4/KF催化剂的制备
按照总金属离子与柠檬酸的摩尔比为1:1.5,量取NiAl2O4前驱体溶液及 7.137g一水合柠檬酸,充分混合,溶于去离子水与乙醇的体积比为1:3的乙醇水溶液中,搅拌至完全溶解,得到混合溶液。混合溶液在60℃恒温水浴中加热6h,充分搅拌得到溶胶,冷却至室温。称取20gKF粉末,将其置入配置好的复合溶胶中,常温搅拌使二者混合均匀,然后放入100℃高温炉保温干燥6h,得到干凝胶。再将干凝胶置入500℃马弗炉中在氧气氛下保温焙烧2h,经破碎和标准筛造粒,获得活性组分质量负载量为10%且粒径为20~40目的尖晶石型NiAl2O4/KF催化剂。
(3)催化剂的制氢性能评价
以甲酸为氢源,设定反应空速为20000h-1,通过固定床蒸汽重整反应,该催化剂在500℃获得最佳H2选择性为115.76%。将使用后的催化剂经3次回收再造后,再生催化剂蒸汽重整甲酸制氢的H2选择性能恢复到新鲜催化剂的初始水平,达到115.47%。
实施例7
(1)NiAl2O4活性组分前驱体溶液的配制
按照Ni/Al摩尔比为1/2,称取3.292gNi(NO3)2·6H2O,3.601gAl2C6O12及适量去离子水和醋酸配制NiAl2O4活性组分前驱体溶液。
(2)NiAl2O4/RbF催化剂的制备
按照总金属离子与柠檬酸的摩尔比为1:1.5,量取NiAl2O4前驱体溶液及 7.137g一水合柠檬酸,充分混合,溶于去离子水与乙醇的体积比为1:3的乙醇水溶液中,搅拌至完全溶解,得到混合溶液。混合溶液在80℃恒温水浴中加热5h,充分搅拌得到溶胶,冷却至室温。称取20gRbF粉末,将其置入配置好的复合溶胶中,常温搅拌使二者混合均匀,然后放入120℃高温炉保温干燥6h,得到干凝胶。再将干凝胶置入700℃马弗炉中在氧气氛下保温焙烧3h,经破碎和标准筛造粒,获得活性组分质量负载量为10%且粒径为20~40目的尖晶石型NiAl2O4/RbF 催化剂。
(3)催化剂的制氢性能评价
以甲酸为氢源,设定反应空速为20000h-1,通过固定床蒸汽重整反应,该催化剂在500℃获得最佳H2选择性为110.55%。将使用后的催化剂经4次回收再造后,再生催化剂蒸汽重整甲酸制氢的H2选择性能恢复到新鲜催化剂的初始水平,达到109.20%。
实施例8
(1)NiCo2O4活性组分前驱体溶液的配制
按照Ni/Co摩尔比为1/2,称取0.1208gNi(NO3)2·6H2O,0.1472g(CH3CO2)2Co 及适量去离子水和醋酸配制NiCo2O4活性组分前驱体溶液。
(2)NiCo2O4/CaCl2催化剂的制备
按照总金属离子与柠檬酸的摩尔比为1:1.5,量取NiCo2O4前驱体溶液及0.2621g一水合柠檬酸,充分混合,溶于去离子水与乙醇的体积比为1:2的乙醇水溶液中,搅拌至完全溶解,得到混合溶液。混合溶液在70℃恒温水浴中加热 4h,充分搅拌得到溶胶,冷却至室温。称取20gCaCl2粉末,将其置入配置好的复合溶胶中,常温搅拌使二者混合均匀,然后放入100℃高温炉保温干燥8h,得到干凝胶。再将干凝胶置入600℃马弗炉中在氧气氛下保温焙烧4h,经破碎和标准筛造粒,获得活性组分质量负载量为0.5%且粒径为20~40目的尖晶石型 NiCo2O4/CaCl2催化剂。
(3)催化剂的制氢性能评价
以甲醛为氢源,设定反应空速为20000h-1,通过固定床蒸汽重整反应,该催化剂在550℃获得最佳H2选择性为74.79%。将使用后的催化剂经5次回收再造后,再生催化剂蒸汽重整甲醛制氢的H2选择性能恢复到新鲜催化剂的初始水平,达到73.92%。
实施例9
(1)NiCo2O4活性组分前驱体溶液的配制
按照Ni/Co摩尔比为1/2,称取0.6206gNi(CH3CO2)2·4H2O,1.452gCo(NO3)2· 6H2O及适量去离子水和柠檬酸配制NiCo2O4活性组分前驱体溶液。
(2)NiCo2O4/LaCl3催化剂的制备
按照总金属离子与柠檬酸的摩尔比为1:1.7,量取NiCo2O4前驱体溶液及 1.5726g一水合柠檬酸,充分混合,溶于去离子水与乙醇的体积比为1:4的乙醇水溶液中,搅拌至完全溶解,得到混合溶液。混合溶液在80℃恒温水浴中加热 6h,充分搅拌得到溶胶,冷却至室温。称取20gLaCl3粉末,将其置入配置好的复合溶胶中,常温搅拌使二者混合均匀,然后放入110℃高温炉保温干燥4h,得到干凝胶。再将干凝胶置入600℃马弗炉中在氧气氛下保温焙烧3h,经破碎和标准筛造粒,获得活性组分质量负载量为3%且粒径为20~40目的尖晶石型 NiCo2O4/LaCl3催化剂。
(3)催化剂的制氢性能评价
以甲醛为氢源,设定反应空速为20000h-1,通过固定床蒸汽重整反应,该催化剂在550℃获得最佳H2选择性为83.77%。将使用后的催化剂经7次回收再造后,再生催化剂蒸汽重整甲醛制氢的H2选择性能恢复到新鲜催化剂的初始水平,达到83.27%。
实施例10
(1)NiCu2O4活性组分前驱体溶液的配制
按照Ni/Cu摩尔比为1/2,称取1.468gNiSO4·6H2O,2.789gCuSO4·5H2O及适量去离子水和柠檬酸配制NiCu2O4活性组分前驱体溶液。
(2)NiCu2O4/BaCl2催化剂的制备
按照总金属离子与柠檬酸的摩尔比为1:1.3,量取NiCu2O4前驱体溶液及 3.521g一水合柠檬酸,充分混合,溶于去离子水与乙醇的体积比为1:4的乙醇水溶液中,搅拌至完全溶解,得到混合溶液。混合溶液在80℃恒温水浴中加热6h,充分搅拌得到溶胶,冷却至室温。称取20gBaCl2粉末,将其置入配置好的复合溶胶中,常温搅拌使二者混合均匀,然后放入110℃高温炉保温干燥8h,得到干凝胶。再将干凝胶置入600℃马弗炉中在氧气氛下保温焙烧4h,经破碎和标准筛造粒,获得活性组分质量负载量为7%且粒径为20~40目的尖晶石型NiCu2O4/BaCl2催化剂。
(3)催化剂的制氢性能评价
以甲醇为氢源,设定反应空速为20000h-1,通过固定床蒸汽重整反应,该催化剂在500℃获得最佳H2选择性为56.73%。将使用后的催化剂经5次回收再造后,再生催化剂蒸汽重整甲醇制氢的H2选择性能恢复到新鲜催化剂的初始水平,达到55.44%。
实施例11
(1)NiAl2O4活性组分前驱体溶液的配制
按照Ni/Al摩尔比为1/2,称取3.234gNiCl2·6H2O,11.0409gAl(NO3)3·9H2O 及适量去离子水和醋酸配制NiAl2O4活性组分前驱体溶液。
(2)NiAl2O4/NaBr催化剂的制备
按照总金属离子与柠檬酸的摩尔比为1:1.5,量取NiAl2O4前驱体溶液及9.2781g一水合柠檬酸,充分混合,溶于去离子水与乙醇的体积比为1:2的乙醇水溶液中,搅拌至完全溶解,得到混合溶液。混合溶液在80℃恒温水浴中加热 5h,充分搅拌得到溶胶,冷却至室温。称取20gNaBr粉末,将其置入配置好的复合溶胶中,常温搅拌使二者混合均匀,然后放入120℃高温炉保温干燥4h,得到干凝胶。再将干凝胶置入600℃马弗炉中在氧气氛下保温焙烧2h,经破碎和标准筛造粒,获得活性组分质量负载量为13%且粒径为20~40目的尖晶石型 NiAl2O4/NaBr催化剂。
(3)催化剂的制氢性能评价
以甲酸为氢源,设定反应空速为20000h-1,通过固定床蒸汽重整反应,该催化剂在500℃获得最佳H2选择性为113.11%。将使用后的催化剂经3次回收再造后,再生催化剂蒸汽重整甲酸制氢的H2选择性能恢复到新鲜催化剂的初始水平,达到112.96%。
实施例12
(1)NiFe2O4活性组分前驱体溶液的配制
按照Ni/Fe摩尔比为1/2,称取4.4664gNi(NO3)2·6H2O,12.4092gFe(NO3)3· 9H2O及适量去离子水和柠檬酸配制NiFe2O4活性组分前驱体溶液。
(2)NiFe2O4/ScI3催化剂的制备
按照总金属离子与柠檬酸的摩尔比为1:1.5,量取NiFe2O4前驱体溶液及 9.6828g一水合柠檬酸,充分混合,溶于去离子水与乙醇的体积比为1:2的乙醇水溶液中,搅拌至完全溶解,得到混合溶液。混合溶液在80℃恒温水浴中加热 4h,充分搅拌得到溶胶,冷却至室温。称取20gScI3粉末,将其置入配置好的复合溶胶中,常温搅拌使二者混合均匀,然后放入100℃高温炉保温干燥6h,得到干凝胶。再将干凝胶置入600℃马弗炉中在氧气氛下保温焙烧3h,经破碎和标准筛造粒,获得活性组分质量负载量为18%且粒径为20~40目的尖晶石型 NiFe2O4/ScI3催化剂。
(3)催化剂的制氢性能评价
以乙酸乙酯为氢源,设定反应空速为20000h-1,通过固定床蒸汽重整反应,该催化剂在750℃获得最佳H2选择性为64.35%。将使用后的催化剂经2次回收再造后,再生催化剂蒸汽重整乙酸乙酯制氢的H2选择性能恢复到新鲜催化剂的初始水平,达到63.69%。
实施例13
(1)NiAl2O4活性组分前驱体溶液的配制
按照Ni/Al摩尔比为1/2,称取3.292gNi(NO3)2·6H2O,5.466gAlCl3·6H2O及适量去离子水和柠檬酸配制NiAl2O4活性组分前驱体溶液。
(2)NiAl2O4/NiI2催化剂的制备
按照总金属离子与柠檬酸的摩尔比为1:1.5,量取NiAl2O4前驱体溶液及7.137g一水合柠檬酸,充分混合,溶于去离子水与乙醇的体积比为1:4的乙醇水溶液中,搅拌至完全溶解,得到混合溶液。混合溶液在80℃恒温水浴中加热4h,充分搅拌得到溶胶,冷却至室温。称取20gNiI2粉末,将其置入配置好的复合溶胶中,常温搅拌使二者混合均匀,然后放入120℃高温炉保温干燥6h,得到干凝胶。再将干凝胶置入550℃马弗炉中在氧气氛下保温焙烧4h,经破碎和标准筛造粒,获得活性组分质量负载量为10%且粒径为20~40目的尖晶石型NiAl2O4/NiI2催化剂。
(3)催化剂的制氢性能评价
以甲酸为氢源,设定反应空速为20000h-1,通过固定床蒸汽重整反应,该催化剂在500℃获得最佳H2选择性为110.57%。将使用后的催化剂经6次回收再造后,再生催化剂蒸汽重整甲酸制氢的H2选择性能恢复到新鲜催化剂的初始水平,达到108.79%。
实施例14
(1)NiAl2O4活性组分前驱体溶液的配制
按照Ni/Al摩尔比为1/2,称取3.292gNi(NO3)2·6H2O,8.493gAl(NO3)3· 9H2O及适量去离子水和醋酸配制NiAl2O4活性组分前驱体溶液。
(2)NiAl2O4/NaF催化剂的制备
按照总金属离子与柠檬酸的摩尔比为1:1.5,量取NiAl2O4前驱体溶液及7.137g一水合柠檬酸,充分混合,溶于去离子水与乙醇的体积比为1:3的乙醇水溶液中,搅拌至完全溶解,得到混合溶液。混合溶液在70℃恒温水浴中加热4h,充分搅拌得到溶胶,冷却至室温。称取20g NaF粉末,将其置入配置好的复合溶胶中,常温搅拌使二者混合均匀,然后放入100℃高温炉保温干燥8h,得到干凝胶。再将干凝胶置入650℃马弗炉中在氧气氛下保温焙烧2h,经破碎和标准筛造粒,获得活性组分质量负载量为10%且粒径为20~40目的尖晶石型NiAl2O4/NaF 催化剂。
(3)催化剂的制氢性能评价
以甲酸为氢源,设定反应空速为20000h-1,通过固定床蒸汽重整反应,该催化剂在500℃获得最佳H2选择性为116.38%。将使用后的催化剂经8次回收再造后,再生催化剂蒸汽重整甲酸制氢的H2选择性能恢复到新鲜催化剂的初始水平,达到115.82%。
Claims (8)
1.一种可回收再造的尖晶石型Ni基复合氧化物催化剂,其特征在于所述催化剂是以Ni为A位的尖晶石型复合氧化物NiB2O4为催化活性组分;以易水溶且耐高温的卤素金属盐MX为载体;以MX载体质量为基准,NiB2O4活性组分的质量负载量为0.5%~18%。
2.根据权利要求1所述的尖晶石型Ni基复合氧化物催化剂,其特征在于尖晶石型复合氧化物NiB2O4中B位元素为Co、Mn、Al、Cu或Fe中的一种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的尖晶石型Ni基复合氧化物催化剂,其特征在于:MX载体中X为F时,M为Rb、K或Na中的一种;X为Cl时,M为Ba、La、Na或Ca中的一种;X为Br时,M为Ni或Na中的一种;X为I时,M为Sc或Ni中的一种。
4.一种制备如权利要求1所述的尖晶石型Ni基复合氧化物催化剂的方法,其具体步骤为:
(1)NiB2O4活性组分前驱体溶液的配制
选取B位试剂源、Ni源试剂及溶剂配制NiB2O4活性组分前驱体溶液;
(2)NiB2O4/MX催化剂的制备
按照总金属离子与柠檬酸的摩尔比为1:(1.3~1.7),量取步骤(1)配制的NiB2O4前驱体溶液和柠檬酸,充分混合,溶于乙醇水溶液中,搅拌至完全溶解,得到混合溶液;混合溶液在60~80℃恒温水浴中加热4~6h,充分搅拌得到溶胶,冷却;称取卤素金属盐MX粉末,将其置入配置好的溶胶中,搅拌使二者混合均匀,然后放入高温炉保温干燥,得到干凝胶;再将干凝胶置入500~700℃马弗炉中在氧气氛下煅烧2~6h,经破碎和标准筛造粒,获得活性组分负载量为0.5~18%且粒径为20~40目的尖晶石型NiB2O4/MX催化剂。
5.根据权利要求4所述的方法,其特征在于步骤(1)中所述的B位试剂源为水溶性硝酸盐、卤素盐、硫酸盐、醋酸盐、碳酸盐或草酸盐;Ni源试剂为硝酸镍、卤酸镍、硫酸镍、醋酸镍、碳酸镍或草酸镍中的一种;溶剂为无水乙醇、柠檬酸、去离子水或醋酸。
6.根据权利要求4所述的方法,其特征在于步骤(2)中所述的乙醇水溶液中去离子水与乙醇的体积比为1:(2~4)。
7.根据权利要求4所述的方法,其特征在于步骤(2)中高温炉保温干燥的温度为100~120℃,保温干燥时间为4~8h。
8.一种如权利要求1所述的可回收再造Ni基催化剂在挥发性有机化合物的重整制氢或者是以及煤、生物质和废弃有机质气化产物的二次重整制氢中的应用。
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