CN114568355B

CN114568355B - Aquaculture method

Info

Publication number: CN114568355B
Application number: CN202210260465.5A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 任常军
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2022-03-16
Filing date: 2022-03-16
Publication date: 2023-08-18
Anticipated expiration: 2042-03-16
Also published as: CN114568355A

Abstract

The invention discloses an aquaculture method. Belongs to the technical field of aquaculture. The method comprises the following steps: preparation, bait pre-throwing, shrimp seedling throwing, fish seedling throwing and periodic disinfection. According to the invention, through pond construction, a growth environment beneficial to prawns and tilapia is created, and the bait is combined with less feeding and more feeding, so that uneven feeding is reduced. The special shrimp feed and the special tilapia feed are put into the feed to promote the rapid growth of the shrimps and the tilapia; by putting tilapia and mullet together, the water quality environment of the penaeus and tilapia can be further ensured, and the traditional Chinese medicine disinfectant is applied to play a certain role in resisting diseases and insects, and no antibiotic residue exists. The invention is beneficial to the income stability of farmers.

Description

Aquaculture method

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of aquaculture, in particular to an aquaculture method.

Background

The prawns are large-yield and high-economic-value species in marine prawns, in particular to large-medium-sized species such as shallow marine prawns and new prawns, and small-sized species such as hawk-claw prawns, longarm prawns, white prawns and brown prawns. The penaeus vannamei has rich nutrition and delicious taste, is popular with the masses in China, and has higher economic value. It is usually braised in brine, stir-fried in salt, etc., and its taste is delicious. Fresh shrimps are cooked and dried in the sun, and are called as dried shrimps. It has firm meat and infinite chewing taste. The meat is as soft as fish, is easy to digest, has no fishy smell and bone spur, and is suitable for both the old and the young. The protein and minerals such as calcium, phosphorus, iron and the like of the penaeus vannamei boone are also rich in the impurities, and have higher medicinal value. The yield is rapidly increasing with the functions of invigorating qi, invigorating stomach, strengthening yang and replenishing essence and strengthening body and prolonging life. Freshwater aquaculture is currently being implemented.

The tilapia is originally produced in africa, belongs to tropical fishes, and comprises more than 100 subspecies. The tilapia has the characteristics of quick production, high yield, edibility impurity, less diseases, strong fertility and the like. Along with the change of living standard, the water-based aquatic product is becoming one of main aquatic products for cultivation in China. The meat is delicious, the thorns are less, the protein content is high, the meat is rich in 8 essential amino acids required by human bodies, and the glutamic acid and glycine content is particularly high.

However, due to the change of water quality environment or the invasion of diseases and insect pests, the risk of single culture of prawns or tilapia is high in the actual culture process, and the culture income is influenced.

Therefore, how to provide an aquaculture method, and to improve the stability of aquaculture income are urgent to be solved by those skilled in the art.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above, the present invention provides a method for aquaculture. By mixedly culturing the shrimps and the fishes, the stability of culture income is effectively improved.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:

a method of aquaculture comprising the steps of:

(1) Preparation: selecting a pollution-free water-facing flat land block to excavate a pond; after the bottom of the pool is covered with silt and crushed straw and is disinfected, water is guided into the pool and oxygen is added into the pool;

(2) Pre-throwing bait;

(3) And (5) shrimp seedling throwing: feeding prawn seedlings, and feeding special prawn feed daily until the length of the prawn seedlings is more than or equal to 4cm;

(4) And (5) fish fry throwing: soaking tilapia fries and mullets in saline water, and then adding the tilapia fries and mullets; putting special tilapia feed every day;

(5) And (3) periodically sterilizing: and (5) regularly adding traditional Chinese medicine disinfectant for disinfection.

Preferably: the distance between the water source and the water source in the step (1) is less than or equal to 50m; the depth of the pond is 2-3 m; the thickness of the sludge and the crushed straw is 4-5 cm; and (3) disinfection: adding 50-100 kg of quicklime per mu and 25-75 kg of traditional Chinese medicine disinfectant per mu into the whole pond; and after disinfection, exposing to the sun for 5-10 d.

The beneficial effects are that: the water source is not properly located, so that the pond water is inconvenient to replace in the later period; the pond bottom is covered with the sludge and the crushed straw, so that the establishment of a pond microenvironment is facilitated; oxygenation is carried out in the pond to facilitate the growth of shrimp fries and fish fries in later period;

after the shrimp seedlings grow to a certain degree, the fish seedlings are put in, so that the fish seedlings can be prevented from being excessively predated, and the economic benefit is ensured; the tilapia and the prawn are taken as target aquatic products, the prawn is taken as main material, the tilapia is taken as auxiliary material, the tilapia can be more suitable for the current culture environment, and the simple culture of the prawn can cause unstable income due to unexpected situations; the economic value of mullet is low, but the pond environment can be cleaned to a certain extent; the traditional Chinese medicine disinfectant is adopted, has no antibiotic residue, accords with the current development trend of the breeding industry, and can improve the disease prevention capability to a certain extent.

Preferably: the traditional Chinese medicine disinfectant comprises the following raw materials: rhizoma coptidis dregs, radix isatidis dregs, liquorice dregs, pulsatilla root dregs and water in mass ratio: 3-5:2-3:3-5:1-2:30-50; the preparation method comprises the following steps: the raw materials are mixed and decocted for 5-10 min for standby.

The beneficial effects are that: the raw materials are easy to obtain, such as leftover materials of pharmaceutical factories, and the like, the cost is low, and in compatibility, liquorice can harmonize the property of each medicinal material; the coptis has antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and detoxication functions; radix Isatidis has antiviral effect; the pulsatilla chinensis has insect repellent and insecticidal effects and is beneficial to reducing aquaculture diseases.

Preferably: step (2) bait: 3-5 kg/mu of bran, 5-10 kg/mu of bean curd residue, 5-10 kg/mu of rice bran, 3-5 kg/mu of fish meal and 2-3 kg/mu of earthworms.

Preferably: the feeding amount of the prawns in the step (3) is 1-2 ten thousand prawns/mu; the times of throwing special shrimp feed are 3-5 times; the special shrimp larva feed comprises the following components in percentage by mass: bean cake, laver, starch and sucrose are 8-10:5-7:6-7:1-2.

The beneficial effects are that: the bait and the feeding materials are combined for multiple times every day, so that excessive feeding amount can be avoided, partial shrimps are greedy or insufficient in feeding, and the shrimps die, on the other hand, the nutrition environment of the pond can be enriched, balanced nutrition is promoted, and researches show that little feeding and multiple feeding can promote the growth of the shrimps.

Preferably: step (4) tilapia is monosatural, and the throwing amount is 400-500 tilapia/mu; the throwing amount of mullet is 50-150 mullets per mu; the concentration of the brine is 3-5%, and the soaking time is 3-5 min; the times of throwing special tilapia feed are 3-5 times, and the throwing amount is 3-10% of the weight of the fish; the special tilapia feed comprises the following components in percentage by mass: the soybean meal, the mineral substances, the corn protein powder, the carrot powder are 7-9:3-5:2-4:1-2.

Furthermore, the feeding amount is timely adjusted according to the active and eating conditions of the fish, so that the condition of predating the prawns caused by too much or too little feeding is avoided.

The method has the beneficial effects that the tilapia is monoscopic, and the influence on the yield of the prawns caused by overquick later propagation is avoided; the tilapia is used as an auxiliary breeding target, and the tilapia and the prawn can be promoted to grow by being matched with the mullet to improve the pond environment.

Preferably: and (5) periodically carrying out primary treatment for 20-30 d.

The beneficial effects are that: the regular administration of the traditional Chinese medicine disinfectant is helpful for improving the water quality environment of the pond and reducing the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests as much as possible.

Preferably: the method also comprises the following step (6) of daily management: and (3) periodically replacing pond water, wherein the volume of the pond water is less than or equal to 30% each time in proportion, thoroughly draining the pond water after culturing for 3-4 years, replacing bottom mud, repeating the disinfection step of the step (1), and adjusting the components of the traditional Chinese medicine disinfectant according to the local disease change.

The beneficial effects are that: the water can not be changed too rapidly every time, and adverse reactions such as stress and the like are avoided: the pond culture time reaches a certain degree, drug-resistant diseases can be generated in the environment, and the dosage and the proportion of the traditional Chinese medicines need to be adjusted timely, so that the possibility of drug resistance is reduced.

Compared with the prior art, the invention discloses an aquaculture method, and the technical effect is that the method is constructed by a pond to create a growth environment which is beneficial to (south america white) prawns and tilapia, combines bait with less feeding and more feeding, and reduces uneven feeding. The special shrimp feed and the special tilapia feed are put into the feed to promote the rapid growth of the shrimps and the tilapia; by putting tilapia and mullet together, the water quality environment of the penaeus and tilapia can be further ensured, and the traditional Chinese medicine disinfectant is applied to play a certain role in resisting diseases and insects, and no antibiotic residue exists. The invention is beneficial to the income stability of farmers.

Detailed Description

The following description will clearly and fully describe the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.

The embodiment of the invention discloses an aquaculture method.

Tools, equipment, raw shrimp, fish fries not specifically mentioned in the examples are commercially available and are not required for their brands or sources. The example uses the commercial penaeus vannamei and tilapia fries suitable for freshwater aquaculture as an illustration, but is not limited to the above variety, and the commercial penaeus vannamei fries and tilapia fries can be cultivated.

Example 1

A method of aquaculture comprising the steps of:

(2) Pre-throwing bait;

In some embodiments, step (1) is performed at a distance of 20m from the water source; the pond occupies about 3 mu and is 2m deep; the thickness of the sludge and the crushed straw is about 5cm; and (3) disinfection: adding 100kg of quicklime per mu and 30kg of traditional Chinese medicine disinfectant per mu into the whole pond; and exposing to sun for 5d after disinfection.

In some embodiments, the traditional Chinese medicine disinfectant raw materials include: rhizoma coptidis dregs, radix isatidis dregs, liquorice dregs, pulsatilla root dregs and water in mass ratio: 3:2:3:2:30; the preparation method comprises the following steps: the raw materials are mixed and decocted for 10min for standby.

In some embodiments, step (2) of the bait: 3 kg/mu of bran, 5 kg/mu of bean curd residue, 10 kg/mu of rice bran, 3 kg/mu of fish meal and 2 kg/mu of earthworms.

In some embodiments, the amount of prawn released in step (3) is 1 ten thousand prawns/mu; the number of times of throwing is 3-5 times; the special shrimp larva feed comprises the following components in percentage by mass: bean cake, thallus Porphyrae, starch and sucrose are all 8:5:6:1.

In some embodiments, the tilapia in step (4) is monoscopic, and the throwing amount is 400 strips/mu; the throwing amount of mullet is 50 mullets per mu; the concentration of the brine is 5%, and the soaking time is 3min; the number of times of throwing is 3, and the throwing amount is about 3% of the total weight of the fish; the special tilapia feed comprises the following components in percentage by mass: bean pulp, mineral substances, corn protein powder, carrot powder 7:3:2:1.

In some embodiments, step (5) is performed periodically for 20 d.

Example 2

A breeding factory is close to a river water source, and commercial litopenaeus vannamei seedlings (the body length is 0.7-1.0 cm) and tilapia seedlings (6.2-6.4 cm) are purchased for experiments.

A method of aquaculture comprising the steps of:

(2) Pre-throwing bait;

In some embodiments, step (1) is at a distance of 42m from the water source; the pond occupies about 4 mu and is 2.5m deep; the thickness of the sludge and the crushed straw is about 4cm; and (3) disinfection: adding 80kg of quicklime per mu and 50kg of traditional Chinese medicine disinfectant per mu into the whole pond; and after sterilization, exposing to the sun for 10d.

In some embodiments, the traditional Chinese medicine disinfectant raw materials include: rhizoma coptidis dregs, radix isatidis dregs, liquorice dregs, pulsatilla root dregs and water in mass ratio: 5:2:5:2:40; the preparation method comprises the following steps: the raw materials are mixed and decocted for 10min for standby.

In some embodiments, step (2) of the bait: bran 4 kg/mu, bean curd residue 8 kg/mu, rice bran 7 kg/mu, fish meal 4 kg/mu, earthworms 3 kg/mu.

In some embodiments, the amount of prawn released in step (3) is 2 ten thousand prawns per mu; the number of times of throwing is 5 times; the special shrimp larva feed comprises the following components in percentage by mass: bean cake, thallus Porphyrae, starch and sucrose are mixed at a ratio of 9:6:7:2.

In some embodiments, the tilapia in step (4) is monoscopic, and the throwing amount is 450 pieces/mu; the throwing amount of mullet is 120 mullets per mu; the concentration of the brine is 5 percent, and the soaking time is 5 minutes; the number of times of throwing is 5 times, and the throwing amount is 7% of the total weight of the fish; the special tilapia feed comprises the following components in percentage by mass: bean pulp, mineral substances, corn protein powder, carrot powder 8:4:3:2.

In some embodiments, step (5) is performed once at regular intervals of 30 d.

Example 3

A method of aquaculture comprising the steps of:

(2) Pre-throwing bait;

In some embodiments, step (1) is at a distance of 6m from the water source; the pond occupies about 7 mu and is 3m deep; the thickness of the sludge and the crushed straw is about 5cm; and (3) disinfection: putting 25kg of quicklime per mu and 75kg of traditional Chinese medicine disinfectant per mu in a whole pond; and after disinfection, exposing to sun for 7d.

In some embodiments, the traditional Chinese medicine disinfectant raw materials include: rhizoma coptidis dregs, radix isatidis dregs, liquorice dregs, pulsatilla root dregs and water in mass ratio: 4:3:5:1:50; the preparation method comprises the following steps: the raw materials are mixed and decocted for 7min for standby.

In some embodiments, step (2) of the bait: bran 5 kg/mu, bean curd residue 7 kg/mu, rice bran 10 kg/mu, fish meal 5 kg/mu, earthworms 3 kg/mu.

In some embodiments, the amount of prawn released in step (3) is 2 ten thousand prawns per mu; the number of times of throwing is 3 times; the special shrimp larva feed comprises the following components in percentage by mass: bean cake, thallus Porphyrae, starch and sucrose are mixed at a ratio of 10:7:7:2.

In some embodiments, the tilapia in step (4) is monoscopic, and the throwing amount is 500 strips/mu; the throwing amount of mullet is 150 mullets per mu; the concentration of the brine is 4 percent, and the soaking time is 4 minutes; the number of times of throwing is 5 times, and the throwing amount is 10% of the total weight of the fish; the special tilapia feed comprises the following components in percentage by mass: bean pulp, mineral substances, corn protein powder, carrot powder 9:5:4:1.

In some embodiments, step (5) is performed periodically for 20 d.

Experimental effect:

example 2 was monitored, shrimp larvae were put in 40d, 50 shrimps were randomly caught, individuals with obvious abnormal growth were removed, repeated catching was performed a plurality of times, body length data were counted, the average value of the body length was 76.3mm, and 70d was put in, and the average value of the body length was 107mm.

And putting the tilapia into 40d, randomly catching 10 tilapia, removing individuals with obvious abnormal growth, repeatedly catching for a plurality of times, counting the body length data of 101-105 mm, putting the tilapia into 70d, and enabling the average value of the body length to reach 120-123 mm.

The result shows that the method for culturing the tilapia and the prawn have good growth conditions.

Comparative experiments

Control group 1: the traditional Chinese medicine disinfectant disclosed by the invention is not applied, and commercial prawn feed and commercial tilapia feed are used for feeding;

control group 2: only prawn culture is carried out, and fish is not mixed with the prawn culture.

The result shows that the death rate of the shrimps and the fishes in the control group 1 is higher than that of the invention, and the growth of the body length is slower than that of the invention by about 5-10%;

the control group 2 causes partial death of the prawns due to diseases, and the invention adopts a polyculture mode, so that the tilapia compensates for most of the loss of the prawns, and the income is more stable.

In the present specification, each embodiment is described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment is mainly described in a different point from other embodiments, and identical and similar parts between the embodiments are all enough to refer to each other.

The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A method of aquaculture comprising the steps of:

(2) Pre-throwing bait;

(5) And (3) periodically sterilizing: regularly adding traditional Chinese medicine disinfectant for disinfection;

the distance between the water source and the water source in the step (1) is less than or equal to 50m; the depth of the pond is 2-3 m; the thickness of the sludge and the crushed straw is 4-5 cm; the disinfection: adding 50-100 kg of quicklime per mu and 25-75 kg of traditional Chinese medicine disinfectant per mu into the whole pond; exposing to the sun for 5-10 d after disinfection;

the traditional Chinese medicine disinfectant comprises the following raw materials: rhizoma coptidis dregs, radix isatidis dregs, liquorice dregs, pulsatilla root dregs and water in mass ratio: 3-5:2-3:3-5:1-2:30-50; the preparation method comprises the following steps: mixing and decocting the raw materials for 5-10 min for standby;

the bait in the step (2): 3-5 kg/mu of bran, 5-10 kg/mu of bean curd residue, 5-10 kg/mu of rice bran, 3-5 kg/mu of fish meal and 2-3 kg/mu of earthworms;

the adding amount of the prawns in the step (3) is 1-2 ten thousand prawns/mu; the times of throwing special shrimp feed are 3-5 times; the special shrimp larva feed comprises the following components in percentage by mass: bean cake, laver, starch and sucrose are 8-10:5-7:6-7:1-2;

the tilapia is monosatural, and the throwing amount is 400-500 tilapia/mu; the throwing amount of the mullet is 50-150 mullets per mu; the concentration of the brine is 3-5%, and the soaking time is 3-5 min; the times of throwing the special tilapia feed are 3-5 times, and the throwing amount is 3-10% of the total weight of the fish; the special tilapia feed comprises the following components in percentage by mass: the soybean meal, the mineral substances, the corn protein powder, the carrot powder are 7-9:3-5:2-4:1-2.

2. A method of aquaculture according to claim 1, wherein in step (5) said period is from 20 to 30 d.

3. A method of aquaculture according to claim 1, further comprising the step of (6) daily management of: and (3) periodically replacing pond water, wherein the volume of the pond water is less than or equal to 30% each time in proportion, thoroughly draining the pond water after culturing for 3-4 years, replacing bottom mud, repeating the disinfection step of the step (1), and adjusting the components of the traditional Chinese medicine disinfectant according to the local disease change.