CN105532519A - High nutrition value yellow head catfish culture method - Google Patents
High nutrition value yellow head catfish culture method Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN105532519A CN105532519A CN201510839677.9A CN201510839677A CN105532519A CN 105532519 A CN105532519 A CN 105532519A CN 201510839677 A CN201510839677 A CN 201510839677A CN 105532519 A CN105532519 A CN 105532519A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- pond
- water
- feed
- fish
- yellow cartfish
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Abstract
The invention discloses a high nutrition value yellow head catfish culture method comprising the following steps: 1, pond preparation; 2, fish fingerling stocking; 3, forage feeding; 4, daily management. The high nutrition value yellow head catfish culture method is high in high nutrition value, high in survival rate, and high in mu yield.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of yellow cartfish cultural method of high nutritive value.
Background technology
The wide model of yellow cartfish is distributed in China's poisons in freshwater, is economic fish important in China's rivers, lake.All distribution is had in the region of each master stream of China except western plateau and tributary water system.Also distribution is had in the southeast such as Korea, Japan and the India in Asia.The lake in each master stream, river, reservoir all can form Natural Population.
Especially large at the consumption figure on the ground such as Hubei and Hunan Provinces (Hunan, Hubei) and two rivers (Jiangxi, Jiangsu) in recent years.This fish crop is large, fine and tender taste, few spinelet, delicious flavour, nutritious, medical value is higher, and at home and abroad market is well received, and supply falls short of demand for the fresh and alive fish of particularly large gauge.According to analysis, containing 16.1 grams, protein, 2.1 grams, fat, 2.3 grams, carbohydrate, calcium 154 milligrams, 504 milligrams, phosphorus in every 100 grams of fish edible parts, and contain the several amino acids of needed by human, especially higher with glutamic acid, lysine content, there is the curative effect such as anti-inflammatory, analgesia, thus deeply like that consumers in general welcome, and country also there is huge market potential in Japan, Korea S, Southeast Asia etc., is the improved seeds of exporting goods and earning foreign currency.And in natural water area, yellow catfish growing speed is slow, listing specification is little, have impact on market development to a certain extent.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide have be of high nutritive value, the higher and per mu yield of survival rate is compared with the yellow cartfish cultural method of a kind of high nutritive value of advantages of higher.
Technical scheme of the present invention is: a kind of yellow cartfish cultural method of high nutritive value, and the step of the yellow cartfish cultural method of described high nutritive value comprises:
(1) pond prepares: the area in parent fish rearing pond is 15-2 mu, concrete large I is determined according to Seedling production scale, cultivates the pond depth of water and remains on 1.5 meters-2 meters, cultivates pond and must clean up the pond 1 time, remove the wild fishes in pond, kill harmful organisms and pathogene, the water quality in improvement pond, the size and shape in pond will be conducive to operational administrative, require at the bottom of pond smooth, be convenient to fish for, 10 centimetres, mud, have and independent control into discharge outlet;
(2) fingerling stocking: the hole, low-lying area of digging out 50-60 square metre in the bottom of discharge outlet end, 20-30 centimetre lower than surrounding, in order to the use of dry pool fishing, put before planting, bleaching powder or quicklime is used to clean up the pond sterilization by the method for the conventional fish of cultivation, 100 kilograms-200 kilograms fertilizers fermented are discharged again according to every 667 square metres of pool mouth situation, yellow cartfish is thrown in cultivate a large amount of planktons in pond waters after, every 667 square metres of waters surface can put the yellow cartfish kind 3000-5000 tail that specification is 5 centimetres/tail, when specification is larger, suitably can reduce and put mantissa in a suitable place to breed, the formalin solution of 20x10-6 or 30x10-6 can be used before fingerling stocking to embathe sterilization 10-15 minute, for making full use of Water space and Food organism resources, every 667 square metres of waters surface can raise together with the silver carp fingerling 200-400 tail of 10-15 centimetre,
(3) feedstuff feeding: when fingerling has just descended the pool, food ration is less, the custom that cluster is ingested can be formed after 3-5 days, after normal food, before April, bait feeding amount is the 1%-3% of fish body weight, growth feedstuff feeding amount every day in busy season is deposit the 4%-6% of pond fish body weight, every day can divide, throw something and feed for 2 times in the afternoon, afternoon, water-temperature oxygen was higher than the morning, can in right amount feed more, afternoon, water-temperature oxygen was higher than the morning, can in right amount feed more, be conducive to the growth of fish, when autogamy feedstuff feeding, should note adding the mineral salt of 1% and appropriate multivitamin in feed, antibiotics can be added in right amount in the high growth temperature busy season, monthly throw something and feed 1-2 the course for the treatment of, in case bacteriosis,
(4) daily management: when fingerling has just descended the pool, keep depth of water 50-60 centimetre, be conducive to the raising of water temperature and food organisms (as skill angle class, copepoda) breeding, to annotate every 5-7 days new water 1 time, high temperature season was annotated every 3-5 days new water 1 time, the quicklime of 15-20 gram/cubic metre on average can be used every 15-20 days to regulate and to improve water quality, or use chlorinated product to carry out water body disinfection, dosage is similar to conventional fish, yellow cartfish is alepidote, it is to peacock green, copper sulphate, chlorophos, the medicines such as potassium permanganate are more responsive, to be cautious use of during diseases prevention, duty is wanted to patrol pond at ordinary times, diligent observation growing state, duty drags for weeds dirt, duty keeps a record.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, described fertilizer is copper sulphate 0.5g, and described autogamy feed comprises thick protein, animal mop albumen, fat.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the proportion of each Ingredients Weight of described autogamy feed is that thick protein accounts for 45% of autogamy feed relative, and animal mop albumen accounts for 42% of autogamy feed relative, and fat accounts for 8% of autogamy feed relative.
The yellow cartfish cultural method of a kind of high nutritive value of the present invention, have be of high nutritive value, the higher and per mu yield comparatively advantages of higher of survival rate.
Embodiment
Be described in detail below in conjunction with to preferred embodiment of the present invention, can be easier to make advantages and features of the invention be readily appreciated by one skilled in the art, thus more explicit defining is made to protection scope of the present invention.
In one embodiment, a kind of yellow cartfish cultural method of high nutritive value, the step of the yellow cartfish cultural method of described high nutritive value comprises:
(1) pond prepares: the area in parent fish rearing pond is 15-2 mu, concrete large I is determined according to Seedling production scale, cultivates the pond depth of water and remains on 1.5 meters-2 meters, cultivates pond and must clean up the pond 1 time, remove the wild fishes in pond, kill harmful organisms and pathogene, the water quality in improvement pond, the size and shape in pond will be conducive to operational administrative, require at the bottom of pond smooth, be convenient to fish for, 10 centimetres, mud, have and independent control into discharge outlet;
(2) fingerling stocking: the hole, low-lying area of digging out 50-60 square metre in the bottom of discharge outlet end, 20-30 centimetre lower than surrounding, in order to the use of dry pool fishing, put before planting, bleaching powder or quicklime is used to clean up the pond sterilization by the method for the conventional fish of cultivation, 100 kilograms-200 kilograms fertilizers fermented are discharged again according to every 667 square metres of pool mouth situation, yellow cartfish is thrown in cultivate a large amount of planktons in pond waters after, every 667 square metres of waters surface can put the yellow cartfish kind 3000-5000 tail that specification is 5 centimetres/tail, when specification is larger, suitably can reduce and put mantissa in a suitable place to breed, the formalin solution of 20x10-6 or 30x10-6 can be used before fingerling stocking to embathe sterilization 10-15 minute, for making full use of Water space and Food organism resources, every 667 square metres of waters surface can raise together with the silver carp fingerling 200-400 tail of 10-15 centimetre,
(3) feedstuff feeding: when fingerling has just descended the pool, food ration is less, the custom that cluster is ingested can be formed after 3-5 days, after normal food, before April, bait feeding amount is the 1%-3% of fish body weight, growth feedstuff feeding amount every day in busy season is deposit the 4%-6% of pond fish body weight, every day can divide, throw something and feed for 2 times in the afternoon, afternoon, water-temperature oxygen was higher than the morning, can in right amount feed more, afternoon, water-temperature oxygen was higher than the morning, can in right amount feed more, be conducive to the growth of fish, when autogamy feedstuff feeding, should note adding the mineral salt of 1% and appropriate multivitamin in feed, antibiotics can be added in right amount in the high growth temperature busy season, monthly throw something and feed 1-2 the course for the treatment of, in case bacteriosis,
(4) daily management: when fingerling has just descended the pool, keep depth of water 50-60 centimetre, be conducive to the raising of water temperature and food organisms (as skill angle class, copepoda) breeding, to annotate every 5-7 days new water 1 time, high temperature season was annotated every 3-5 days new water 1 time, the quicklime of 15-20 gram/cubic metre on average can be used every 15-20 days to regulate and to improve water quality, or use chlorinated product to carry out water body disinfection, dosage is similar to conventional fish, yellow cartfish is alepidote, it is to peacock green, copper sulphate, chlorophos, the medicines such as potassium permanganate are more responsive, to be cautious use of during diseases prevention, duty is wanted to patrol pond at ordinary times, diligent observation growing state, duty drags for weeds dirt, duty keeps a record.
Further illustrate, described fertilizer is copper sulphate 0.5g, described autogamy feed comprises thick protein, animal mop albumen, fat, the proportion of each Ingredients Weight of described autogamy feed is that thick protein accounts for 45% of autogamy feed relative, and animal mop albumen accounts for 42% of autogamy feed relative, and fat accounts for 8% of autogamy feed relative.
Further illustrating, during controlling disease, using efficient, low cytotoxic drug as far as possible, and determining the types of drugs of use by observe the curative effect.The resistance against diseases of yellow cartfish is strong, general without serious disease in cultivation, but yellow forehead is alepidote, to common drug tolerance not as good as four large Chinese carps, in raising by season, temperature, water quality, to feed intake and fish body surface affects without the bacterium, parasite etc. in the feature of squama and fishing pond, also can cause local infection and parasite illness, this just needs to note observing in cultivation at ordinary times, prevents in advance for abnormal conditions.1. insecticide.By the decis full pool spilling head of every cube of water body by 0.03ppm concentration, or with sulfuric acid ketone than ferrous sulfate with 0.15: 0.05ppm concentration ratio splash.Above insecticide is better to desinsections such as (Dactylogyrus, Trichodinas), but two kinds of medicines can only be alone, can not use with or be used alternatingly, more can not overdose.Present out a lot of new drug: such as wheel animalcule is clean, worm for fishing is clean, and all visual various places situation uses.2. antibacterial anti-inflammatory agent.Oral medicine (being pressed into pellet to mix in feed) adds terramycin 20 grams with furazolidone 10 grams and mixes thoroughly, add in 50 kilograms of bait, feed 3 days continuously, day feeds 2 times, also oral penicillin capsule can be used, add (5 grams) in pan feeding to feed 3 days continuously, day feeds 2 times, concentrates immersion 10 minutes to the sterilization of fish body 0.25% bleaching fluid or penicillin powder dilution.Above oral medicinal materials, preferably now joins existing feeding, joins and once feed three days, must guard against and put for a long time.Mainly for the sick fish of bacteriological infection.Three bloom Chinese herbal medicines can take orally controls tassel flower.3. the treatment of pair hemorrhage.With raw salt 50,000 grams/acre, splash in the full pool.Control yellow cartfish fish disease should refuse to use chlorophos medicament desinsection, otherwise bring adverse consequences.Avoid damage fish body, in case infect water mold at the early spring, autumn and winter low temperature season in input, transport as far as possible.If there occurs hemorrhagic oedema at high temperature season, nitrogen dioxide full pool spilling head 2 times to be used continuously, can effectively treat.The invention provides a kind of yellow cartfish cultural method of high nutritive value, have be of high nutritive value, the higher and per mu yield comparatively advantages of higher of survival rate.
The specific embodiment of the present invention; but protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto; any those of ordinary skill in the art are in the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, and the change can expected without creative work or replacement, all should be encompassed within protection scope of the present invention.Therefore, the protection domain that protection scope of the present invention should limit with claims is as the criterion.
Claims (3)
1. a yellow cartfish cultural method for high nutritive value, is characterized in that: the step of the yellow cartfish cultural method of described high nutritive value comprises:
(1) pond prepares: the area in parent fish rearing pond is 15-2 mu, concrete large I is determined according to Seedling production scale, cultivates the pond depth of water and remains on 1.5 meters-2 meters, cultivates pond and must clean up the pond 1 time, remove the wild fishes in pond, kill harmful organisms and pathogene, the water quality in improvement pond, the size and shape in pond will be conducive to operational administrative, require at the bottom of pond smooth, be convenient to fish for, 10 centimetres, mud, have and independent control into discharge outlet;
(2) fingerling stocking: the hole, low-lying area of digging out 50-60 square metre in the bottom of discharge outlet end, 20-30 centimetre lower than surrounding, in order to the use of dry pool fishing, put before planting, bleaching powder or quicklime is used to clean up the pond sterilization by the method for the conventional fish of cultivation, 100 kilograms-200 kilograms fertilizers fermented are discharged again according to every 667 square metres of pool mouth situation, yellow cartfish is thrown in cultivate a large amount of planktons in pond waters after, every 667 square metres of waters surface can put the yellow cartfish kind 3000-5000 tail that specification is 5 centimetres/tail, when specification is larger, suitably can reduce and put mantissa in a suitable place to breed, the formalin solution of 20x10-6 or 30x10-6 can be used before fingerling stocking to embathe sterilization 10-15 minute, for making full use of Water space and Food organism resources, every 667 square metres of waters surface can raise together with the silver carp fingerling 200-400 tail of 10-15 centimetre,
(3) feedstuff feeding: when fingerling has just descended the pool, food ration is less, the custom that cluster is ingested can be formed after 3-5 days, after normal food, before April, bait feeding amount is the 1%-3% of fish body weight, growth feedstuff feeding amount every day in busy season is deposit the 4%-6% of pond fish body weight, every day can divide, throw something and feed for 2 times in the afternoon, afternoon, water-temperature oxygen was higher than the morning, can in right amount feed more, afternoon, water-temperature oxygen was higher than the morning, can in right amount feed more, be conducive to the growth of fish, when autogamy feedstuff feeding, should note adding the mineral salt of 1% and appropriate multivitamin in feed, antibiotics can be added in right amount in the high growth temperature busy season, monthly throw something and feed 1-2 the course for the treatment of, in case bacteriosis,
(4) daily management: when fingerling has just descended the pool, keep depth of water 50-60 centimetre, be conducive to the raising of water temperature and food organisms (as skill angle class, copepoda) breeding, to annotate every 5-7 days new water 1 time, high temperature season was annotated every 3-5 days new water 1 time, the quicklime of 15-20 gram/cubic metre on average can be used every 15-20 days to regulate and to improve water quality, or use chlorinated product to carry out water body disinfection, dosage is similar to conventional fish, yellow cartfish is alepidote, it is to peacock green, copper sulphate, chlorophos, the medicines such as potassium permanganate are more responsive, to be cautious use of during diseases prevention, duty is wanted to patrol pond at ordinary times, diligent observation growing state, duty drags for weeds dirt, duty keeps a record.
2. the yellow cartfish cultural method of high nutritive value according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described autogamy feed comprises thick protein, animal mop albumen, fat.
3. the yellow cartfish cultural method of high nutritive value according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: the proportion of each Ingredients Weight of described autogamy feed is that thick protein accounts for 45% of autogamy feed relative, animal mop albumen accounts for 42% of autogamy feed relative, and fat accounts for 8% of autogamy feed relative.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510839677.9A CN105532519A (en) | 2015-11-27 | 2015-11-27 | High nutrition value yellow head catfish culture method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510839677.9A CN105532519A (en) | 2015-11-27 | 2015-11-27 | High nutrition value yellow head catfish culture method |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN105532519A true CN105532519A (en) | 2016-05-04 |
Family
ID=55812525
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510839677.9A Pending CN105532519A (en) | 2015-11-27 | 2015-11-27 | High nutrition value yellow head catfish culture method |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN105532519A (en) |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106719143A (en) * | 2016-12-06 | 2017-05-31 | 苏州市水产养殖场有限公司 | A kind of Pelteobagrus fulvidraco summer flower fingerling high-efficient method for cultivating |
| CN107223614A (en) * | 2017-08-03 | 2017-10-03 | 苏州市相城区阳澄湖镇剑美水产生态养殖专业合作社 | The cultural method of high stickleback |
| CN107258268A (en) * | 2017-06-13 | 2017-10-20 | 安徽金鹰农业科技有限公司 | A kind of method that lotus root pool set supports Pelteobagrus fulvidraco |
| CN109673540A (en) * | 2019-01-09 | 2019-04-26 | 湖北太湖港水产产业技术研究院有限公司 | A kind of hybridization Pelteobagrus fulvidraco batch artificial fecundation method |
| CN110915729A (en) * | 2019-12-12 | 2020-03-27 | 安徽省农业科学院水产研究所 | Method for improving cultivation survival rate of pelteobagrus fulvidraco fingerlings |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104247681A (en) * | 2013-06-27 | 2014-12-31 | 叶旖龙 | Pelteobagrus fulvidraco culture method |
| CN104488783A (en) * | 2014-12-08 | 2015-04-08 | 刘长华 | Method for breeding pelteobagrus fulvidraco |
| CN104621012A (en) * | 2013-11-15 | 2015-05-20 | 董德华 | River crab and yellow catfish polyculture method |
| CN104872034A (en) * | 2015-06-25 | 2015-09-02 | 李春燕 | Method for breeding high-yield pelteobagrus fulvidraco |
-
2015
- 2015-11-27 CN CN201510839677.9A patent/CN105532519A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104247681A (en) * | 2013-06-27 | 2014-12-31 | 叶旖龙 | Pelteobagrus fulvidraco culture method |
| CN104621012A (en) * | 2013-11-15 | 2015-05-20 | 董德华 | River crab and yellow catfish polyculture method |
| CN104488783A (en) * | 2014-12-08 | 2015-04-08 | 刘长华 | Method for breeding pelteobagrus fulvidraco |
| CN104872034A (en) * | 2015-06-25 | 2015-09-02 | 李春燕 | Method for breeding high-yield pelteobagrus fulvidraco |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| 候勤成: "黄颡鱼养殖技术", 《水产养殖》 * |
| 王家军: "黄颡鱼池塘养殖技术", 《科学养鱼》 * |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106719143A (en) * | 2016-12-06 | 2017-05-31 | 苏州市水产养殖场有限公司 | A kind of Pelteobagrus fulvidraco summer flower fingerling high-efficient method for cultivating |
| CN106719143B (en) * | 2016-12-06 | 2020-04-17 | 苏州市水产养殖场有限公司 | Efficient breeding method for summer fingerlings of pelteobagrus fulvidraco |
| CN107258268A (en) * | 2017-06-13 | 2017-10-20 | 安徽金鹰农业科技有限公司 | A kind of method that lotus root pool set supports Pelteobagrus fulvidraco |
| CN107223614A (en) * | 2017-08-03 | 2017-10-03 | 苏州市相城区阳澄湖镇剑美水产生态养殖专业合作社 | The cultural method of high stickleback |
| CN109673540A (en) * | 2019-01-09 | 2019-04-26 | 湖北太湖港水产产业技术研究院有限公司 | A kind of hybridization Pelteobagrus fulvidraco batch artificial fecundation method |
| CN110915729A (en) * | 2019-12-12 | 2020-03-27 | 安徽省农业科学院水产研究所 | Method for improving cultivation survival rate of pelteobagrus fulvidraco fingerlings |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN103416337B (en) | Wild-imitation breeding method for river eel | |
| CN103875571B (en) | The method of cultivation of a kind of mandarin fish fingerling mass-producing | |
| CN103461250B (en) | A kind of method of paddy field aquaculture yellow cartfish | |
| CN104094879A (en) | Ecological culturing method for mandarin fish | |
| CN111264433A (en) | Method for breeding macrobrachium nipponensis fries by saline-alkali water culture | |
| CN105532519A (en) | High nutrition value yellow head catfish culture method | |
| CN100584201C (en) | Mandarin fish comprehensive culture method in mid-latitude region | |
| CN104542407B (en) | Two-stage cultivation method for loach offspring seeds | |
| CN103392646A (en) | Method of scientifically raising Chinese high fin banded sharks in paddy fields | |
| CN106259093A (en) | A kind of method of loach breeding | |
| CN104126533A (en) | High survival rate loach breeding method | |
| CN106508749A (en) | Breeding method for prolonging service life of rainbow trout | |
| CN104798705A (en) | Giant freshwater prawn breeding method | |
| CN105557576A (en) | Method for flowing water culturing of grass carp in mountainous area | |
| CN106508750A (en) | Culture method of rainbow trout | |
| CN103314914A (en) | Freshwater shrimp, silver carp and river crab symbiosis cultivating method | |
| CN107155969A (en) | A kind of carp raises together with cultural method | |
| CN106035146A (en) | Pond polyculture technology for black carps and crucian carps | |
| CN112602639A (en) | High-density crayfish breeding method | |
| CN106035176B (en) | Freshwater shrimp breeding technology | |
| CN106259096A (en) | A kind of cultural method of Ctenopharyngodon idellus | |
| CN101095408A (en) | Method of cultivating gold-wire catfish | |
| CN105494186A (en) | Prevention method for shuibiezi disease of crabs | |
| CN107821249A (en) | A kind of sturgeon flowing water culture method | |
| CN104604764B (en) | A kind of method of Pelteobagrus fulvidraco cultivating pool alternate culture Penaeus vannamei |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| WD01 | Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication | ||
| WD01 | Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication |
Application publication date: 20160504 |