CN111567452A - Method for synergistically breeding penaeus vannamei boone, ricefield eel and water caltrop - Google Patents
Method for synergistically breeding penaeus vannamei boone, ricefield eel and water caltrop Download PDFInfo
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- CN111567452A CN111567452A CN202010362921.8A CN202010362921A CN111567452A CN 111567452 A CN111567452 A CN 111567452A CN 202010362921 A CN202010362921 A CN 202010362921A CN 111567452 A CN111567452 A CN 111567452A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/59—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of crustaceans, e.g. lobsters or shrimps
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/50—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by addition or application of a germicide or by oligodynamic treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
- C02F3/327—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae characterised by animals and plants
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
- C02F2101/16—Nitrogen compounds, e.g. ammonia
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
- C02F2101/16—Nitrogen compounds, e.g. ammonia
- C02F2101/166—Nitrites
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/20—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from animal husbandry
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2303/00—Specific treatment goals
- C02F2303/04—Disinfection
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for synergistically breeding penaeus vannamei boone, finless eel and water caltrop, which comprises the following steps: modifying a pond, disinfecting and adjusting water, planting water chestnuts, marking and culturing penaeus vannamei boone, culturing ricefield eels and harvesting. According to the invention, the excreta of the penaeus vannamei boone and the finless eels can provide nutrient substances for the growth of the water caltrops, so that the use of organic fertilizers in the process of planting the water caltrops is effectively reduced, the planting cost is reduced, and the economic benefit is improved; meanwhile, the finless eels are cultured in the water chestnut planting area, the harm of aquatic insects to the water chestnuts is reduced, pesticides are not needed, and the health, green and ecological life concept advocated by modern people is met; the close-planted water chestnuts have the effects of absorbing and purifying a high-nutrition water body, can effectively reduce the ammonia nitrogen and nitrite levels of the water body, and further reduces the risk of contracting the breeding of the penaeus vannamei boone and the finless eels; the penaeus vannamei, the finless eel and the water caltrop supplement each other in time and space, are mutually beneficial, and realize the maximization of economic benefit on the basis of fully utilizing land and pond resources.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of aquaculture, in particular to a method for synergistically breeding penaeus vannamei boone, finless eel and water caltrop.
Background
The Penaeus vannamei Boone is also called white-leg shrimp, has the origin of Ecuador, and is one of three shrimp varieties with the highest yield acknowledged by the aquaculture industry at present. The meat yield is high (up to 67%), the taste is delicious, the nutrition is rich, and the meat is a popular consumption type aquatic product. One of the problems of freshwater aquaculture of penaeus vannamei boone is that the content of ammonia nitrogen and nitrite in the aquaculture water body in the later period is difficult to control, and the aquaculture thoroughly fails due to the fact that the content of nitrite exceeds the standard in the later period of aquaculture of many farmers.
The finless eel is one of the more hot artificial culture special aquatic products in recent years, has high protein content and low fat content, and is consistent with the consumption trend of people in new generations. At present, the finless eel breeding scale is continuously expanded, but a series of problems such as unstable fry quality, difficult guarantee of fry quantity and the like are also exposed. The phenomenon that the content of ammonia nitrogen and nitrite in water exceeds the standard also exists in the finless eel breeding process due to the accumulation of excrement.
The water caltrop is rich in protein, trace elements and unsaturated fatty acid, and has high nutritive value and economic value. The water caltrop planting alone needs a large amount of organic fertilizer, which is not beneficial to environmental protection. How to solve the problem of planting water chestnuts healthily and smoothly without applying organic fertilizer is one of the profound problems. In the late planting period, the water chestnut leaves are bred with a plurality of insects, the insects are generally treated by pesticides at present, and the problem of how to treat the insects by using a biological control method is an urgent task.
The current single breeding method has low resource utilization rate and low economic benefit, needs to discharge a large amount of waste water and use a large amount of pesticides and organic fertilizers, and is not favorable for the concept of green and sustainable development.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the technical defects and provides a method for synergistically planting and breeding penaeus vannamei boone, finless eel and water caltrop, so as to solve the technical problems that the resource utilization rate of the existing single culture system is low, the economic benefit is low, a large amount of waste water is required to be discharged, and a large amount of pesticides and organic fertilizers are required to be used in the prior art.
In order to achieve the technical purpose, the invention provides a method for synergistically breeding penaeus vannamei boone, finless eel and water caltrop, which comprises the following steps:
s1 Pond reconstruction
Excavating shrimp ditches along the inner sides of the pond ridges, and arranging fences on a middle platform of the pond; a water chestnut and ricefield eel breeding area is formed on the inner side of the fence, and a penaeus vannamei breeding area is formed between the pond ridge and the fence;
s2 Disinfection and Water transfer
The standard seedling pool and the pond are required to be disinfected and water is required to be adjusted before use;
s3 planting water caltrops
Planting water chestnuts in 3 months, starting planting when the water temperature is stabilized to be higher than 12 ℃, and uniformly scattering the water chestnuts growing out of germs in water according to the standard of 25-30 kg/mu; after the seeds are sowed, spraying urea according to the standard of 5-10 kg/mu, spraying urea once every other week, wherein the spraying is stopped before the shrimp seeds are put into the pond, and the spraying is stopped every 1-3 kg/mu every time; gradually increasing the water level of the platform to 60cm along with the growth of the water chestnuts;
s4 marking and culturing of Penaeus vannamei Boone
Marking the standard seedlings of the penaeus vannamei boone: marking the shrimp seedlings in 3-6 months, and intensively marking the shrimp seedlings to be thick in a shrimp seedling marking pool when the water temperature is kept above 21 ℃; during the period of marking the seedlings, the breeding density is kept between 1000 and 1500 tails/m3The bait is gradually transited from the shrimp slices to the powder material and then transited to the small crushed material in the water body;
culturing the litopenaeus vannamei: when the shrimp seedlings are cultured to 2.5-3 cm, the seedling separation work can be carried out, and the seedling amount of the culture pond is 1.5-2 ten thousand tails/mu; feeding four times a day during the culture period, wherein the feed is fed from small crushed material, large crushed material and mature shrimp material with the particle size of 1.6mm in a step-by-step transition manner; in the meantime, water quality management of the pond is required;
s5 ricefield eel breeding
The finless eel fries are put in the field of 6 months according to the weight of 100-120 kg/mu, and the weight of the fries is 15-20 g/tail; the total bait throwing amount of the first day of feeding after seedling placement is 1-2% of the total body weight, and the feeding is carried out in the morning and at night respectively; then gradually reducing the feeding proportion of animal baits, and gradually increasing the proportion of compound feed, wherein the total feeding amount in one day is increased to 4-6% of the total body weight; feeding for four times every day after the food domestication is successful;
s6 harvest
The culture period of the penaeus vannamei boone is about 3 months, and the penaeus vannamei boone is harvested in 6-7 months and 9-10 months;
picking water chestnuts in 8-9 months;
harvesting the finless eels in 10-11 months;
draining the pond water after 11 months, and fishing all the finless eels and shrimps.
The function and the synergistic mechanism of the three synergistic planting and breeding of the water caltrop, the penaeus vannamei boone and the ricefield eel are as follows:
the planting of the water caltrops can promote the propagation and growth of various insects and snails, the finless eels are cultured in the water caltrop planting area, the finless eels can prey on the insects and the snails, the coefficient of breeding bait of the finless eels is reduced, the quality of the finless eels is improved, the quality of the finless eels is closer to that of wild finless eels, the economic benefit of the culture is improved, meanwhile, the effect of biological deinsectization of the water caltrops can be achieved without using pesticides, the harvested water caltrops and aquatic products have no pesticide residues, and the water caltrops and aquatic products accord with the healthy green ecological life concept advocated; the water caltrop planting can also simulate a wild environment of the finless eel, and the water caltrop structure of the water caltrop can be used for facilitating the hiding of the finless eel in the water caltrop, providing a good hidden habitat for the finless eel, preventing the catching and killing of natural enemies and reducing mutual killing, improving the culture survival rate and improving the economic benefit; in a high-temperature season, the water caltrop disc can also provide a cool place for the finless eel and reduce the water temperature, and in a cooling season, the water caltrop leaf disc can also play a role in heat preservation, so that the water caltrop disc has an active role in ensuring that the finless eel and the penaeus vannamei boone are at the optimal growth temperature; meanwhile, the water chestnuts can absorb organic matters in the water body, and the water chestnuts are matched with the water replenishing elements, so that the eutrophication of the water body can be effectively prevented, the positive effect on the purification of the water quality is provided, and the excrement of the penaeus vannamei boone and the finless eels is changed into valuable things.
The water caltrop can absorb the excrement of the penaeus vannamei boone and effectively control the nitrite concentration in a safe range, so that the cultivation of the penaeus vannamei boone and the finless eel is facilitated; the protein content of the compound feed used by the water caltrop and the protein content of the compound feed is very high, and the excrement of the compound feed can just meet the requirement of nitrogenous fertilizer for growth of the water caltrop; the feed formula of the penaeus vannamei boone contains calcium phosphate and sodium phosphate, and the two substances can provide phosphate fertilizer for water caltrops; in the water regulating formula for culturing the penaeus vannamei boone, potassium bromide is added, potassium ions play a key role in stress resistance of the penaeus vannamei boone, and meanwhile, the potassium ions can be used as a potassium fertilizer to be absorbed and utilized by water caltrops in the later period. The water caltrops and the penaeus vannamei boone are cultured in a synergistic manner, so that nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers required by the growth of the water caltrops can be ensured to a certain extent; the method has the advantages that the method synergistically cultures the three organisms of the penaeus vannamei boone, the finless eel and the water caltrop, avoids using organic fertilizers on a large scale, and achieves the effect of making the best use of the materials.
Meanwhile, the water chestnuts are planted in the center of the pond, so that direct sunlight of the whole pond is avoided, and the moss is prevented from spreading and the blue algae is prevented from erupting. The wild spreading of the moss is fatal to the finless eels, and if a large amount of moss is spread, the finless eels are possibly trapped by the moss, and finally the finless eels cannot normally extend out of the water surface to breathe and die; if the blue algae explodes and dies in a large amount in the later period, a large amount of algal toxins can be released, so that the growth of the penaeus vannamei and the finless eel is not favorable. The growth of the water caltrops inhibits the large-scale propagation of algae, which plays an important role in avoiding the generation of a higher pH environment in high-temperature seasons. The method for synergistically planting and breeding the penaeus vannamei boone, the finless eel and the water caltrop can effectively increase the environmental biological diversity in the pond, maintain the ecological balance and improve the planting and breeding economic benefit.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
in the method for synergistically planting and breeding the penaeus vannamei boone, the finless eel and the water caltrops, the excrement of the penaeus vannamei boone and the finless eel can provide nutrient substances for the growth of the water caltrops, the use of organic fertilizers in the water caltrop planting process is effectively reduced, the planting cost is reduced, and the economic benefit is improved; meanwhile, the finless eels are cultured in the water chestnut planting area, the harm of aquatic insects to the water chestnuts is reduced, pesticides are not needed, and the health, green and ecological life concept advocated by modern people is met; the close-planted water chestnuts have the effects of absorbing and purifying a high-nutrition water body, can effectively reduce the ammonia nitrogen and nitrite levels of the water body, and further reduces the risk of contracting the breeding of the penaeus vannamei boone and the finless eels; the penaeus vannamei, the finless eel and the water caltrop supplement each other in time and space, are mutually beneficial, and realize the maximization of economic benefit on the basis of fully utilizing land and pond resources.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of an embodiment of the method for the synergistic planting and breeding of Penaeus vannamei Boone, Monopteri albi and Trapa natans L provided by the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the pond modification in the method for the synergistic planting of Penaeus vannamei Boone, Monopteri albi and Trapa natans L.according to the present invention;
fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along plane a-a in fig. 2.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
As shown in figure 1, the invention provides a method for synergistically breeding penaeus vannamei boone, finless eel and water caltrop, which comprises the following steps:
s1 Pond reconstruction
As shown in fig. 2-3, shrimp ditches 2 are excavated along the inner sides of pond ridges 1, and fences 4 are arranged on a pond middle platform 3; a water caltrop and ricefield eel breeding area is formed on the inner side of the fence 4, and a penaeus vannamei breeding area is formed between the pond ridge 1 and the fence 4; the water depth of the water chestnut and ricefield eel planting area is 0.3-0.6 m; the water depth of the penaeus vannamei boone culture area is 1.5-2.0 m, so that the water chestnut planting and eel culture processes can be conveniently realized in one area; if the water depth is too high, the eel is not favorable for breathing by extending the head out of the water surface, and if the water depth is too low, the water chestnut is not favorable for planting. Meanwhile, it should be noted that the water surface height varies with the planting stage, but all the water surface heights are within the range.
S2 Disinfection and Water transfer
The standard seedling pool and the pond are required to be disinfected and water is required to be adjusted before use;
s3 planting water caltrops
Planting water chestnuts in 3 months, starting planting when the water temperature is stabilized to be higher than 12 ℃, adopting a direct seeding and close planting mode, and uniformly sowing the water chestnuts growing plumules in water according to the standard of 25-30 kg/mu; after the seeds are sowed, dissolving urea in water in advance according to the standard of 5-10 kg/mu, uniformly sprinkling the urea in the fence, sprinkling the urea once every other week, 1-3 kg/mu every time, and stopping sprinkling before the shrimp seeds are put into the pond; and gradually increasing the water level of the platform to 60cm along with the growth of the water chestnuts.
S4 marking and culturing of Penaeus vannamei Boone
Marking the standard seedlings of the penaeus vannamei boone: marking the shrimp seedlings in 3-6 months, and intensively marking the shrimp seedlings to be thick in a shrimp seedling marking pool when the water temperature is kept above 21 ℃; during the period of marking the seedlings, the breeding density is kept between 1000 and 1500 tails/m3The water body, bait from the shrimp flake to the powder material transition step by step, and then to the small broken material transition.
Culturing the litopenaeus vannamei: when the shrimp seedlings are cultured to 2.5-3 cm, the seedling separation work can be carried out, and the seedling amount of the culture pond is 1.5-2 ten thousand tails/mu; during the cultivation period, feeding is carried out four times a day, and the feeding is carried out by gradually transferring small crushed materials, large crushed materials and adult shrimp materials with the particle size of 1.6 mm. In the period, water quality management is carried out on the pond, the transparency of a water body is kept to be 20-30 cm, bottom changing and beneficial bacterium supplementation are carried out once in 7 days, fertilizer supplementation is carried out once in 15 days, and dissolved oxygen, ammonia nitrogen, nitrous acid, pH and total alkalinity are detected every day; during the culture period, the water quality index requirements are as follows: the dissolved oxygen is more than or equal to 5mg/L, the ammonia nitrogen is less than or equal to 1mg/L, the nitrite is less than or equal to 0.2mg/L, the pH value is kept between 7.8 and 8.5, and the total alkalinity is about 100 mg/L. Wherein, when the pH value is 7.8-8.5, the shrimp is not easy to infect vibrio, and when the total alkalinity is kept about 100mg/L, the pH value is stabilized.
S5 ricefield eel breeding
The finless eel fries are put in the field of 6 months according to the weight of 100-120 kg/mu, and the weight of the fries is 15-20 g/tail; the total bait throwing amount of the first day of feeding after seedling placement is 1-2% of the total body weight, and the feeding is carried out in the morning and at night respectively; then gradually reducing the feeding proportion of animal baits, and gradually increasing the proportion of compound feed, wherein the total feeding amount in one day is increased to 4-6% of the total body weight; after the food domestication is successful, the chicken are fed four times a day.
S6 harvest
The culture period of the penaeus vannamei boone is about 3 months, the penaeus vannamei boone is harvested in ground cages in 6-7 months and 9-10 months, when the size of the penaeus vannamei boone reaches 35-45 tails/jin, a part of finished penaeus vannamei boone is sold, the rest penaeus vannamei boone continues to grow until the size of the penaeus vannamei boone reaches 25 tails/jin in the later period, and the penaeus;
picking water chestnuts in 8-9 months, and manually picking the water chestnuts by using a floating pontoon in stages;
the rice field eels are harvested in 10-11 months, and are captured by using a ground cage and then are uniformly confined in the net cage, so that later-period sale work is facilitated;
draining the pond water after 11 months to capture all finless eels and shrimps.
Preferably, the area ratio of the standard seedling pond to the pond of the penaeus vannamei boone is 1: (30-50).
Preferably, the specific process of disinfecting and transferring water for the standard seedling pool comprises the following steps: adding 8-12 g of bleaching powder into each cubic meter of water body in a standard seedling pool for disinfection, and then adding 2kg of industrial salt, 0.7kg of magnesium sulfate, 0.25kg of calcium chloride, 50g of potassium chloride, 25g of boric acid and 5g of potassium bromide into each cubic meter of water body for water adjustment; and measuring the water quality after the elements in the water are fully dissolved. Specifically, the water quality index requirements are as follows: salinity of 1-2 ppt, total alkalinity of 100-200 mg/L, dissolved oxygen of more than or equal to 5mg/L, calcium ion of 80-150 mg/L, pH of 7.8-8.5, magnesium ion of 60-100 mg/L, nitrite of 0mg/L, potassium ion of 30-80 mg/L, ammonia0mg/L of nitrogen and 21-32 ℃ of water. Under the water quality condition, the stress reaction of the shrimp larvae entering the pool is small, the shells of the shrimp larvae can be smoothly hardened after exuviation, and the shrimp larvae can rapidly and healthily grow. The standard seedling pool is 200m per unit2Matching with a 1.5kw air energy constant temperature machine, 0.55kw oxygenation equipment and a 15m nanometer disc, and so on.
Preferably, the specific process of sterilizing and adjusting the pond is as follows: before use, 50-100 kg/mu of quicklime is splashed into the pond for disinfection, and most of germs in the water body can be killed by the quicklime with the concentration; standing for at least 7 days to plant water caltrops, completing the alkali removing process, ensuring the smooth planting of the water caltrops, and simultaneously fully reacting quicklime to adjust the pH; one week before the shrimp larvae are launched into the water, 8-12 g of bleaching essence is added into each cubic meter of water body in the pond for thorough disinfection, the bleaching essence in the concentration range has a killing effect on most of algae, moss and pathogenic bacteria, the shrimp larvae can be launched after standing for at least 7 days, and residual chlorine brought by the bleaching essence is negligible; after disinfection, adding 0.8kg of industrial salt, 0.28kg of magnesium sulfate, 50g of calcium chloride, 20g of potassium chloride, 10g of boric acid and 2g of potassium bromide into each cubic meter of water body in the pond for water adjustment. The breeding water prepared according to the formula can ensure the smooth seedling division of the penaeus vannamei boone seedlings on the basis of saving the cost, reduce the stress and ensure the water hardness of the molting hard shell. 5.5kw blowers are arranged in each 10 mu of pond, the nano discs are 240m, and the like, so that dissolved oxygen is higher than 5mg/L in the process of culturing the penaeus vannamei boone, the quick growth of the penaeus vannamei boone is ensured, and meanwhile, the diseases can be reduced.
Preferably, after the penaeus vannamei boone is separated, vitamin C is added into the feed in the morning according to the standard of 2-5 g/kg of the feed, Wuhuang powder is added into the feed in the evening according to the standard of 2g/kg of the feed every 3 days, and the protein content in the feed reaches 40%. The vitamin C can not only enhance the anti-stress capability of the prawn, but also is one of the nutrient elements for ensuring the normal growth and development of the prawn; the addition of WUHUANG powder has liver protecting effect on Penaeus vannamei Boone.
Preferably, in the water quality management process, the bottom modifying step specifically comprises: adding pond bottom cleaner according to the standard of 1 kg/mu; the steps of supplementing beneficial bacteria are as follows: preparing a solution according to the standards of 2 kg/mu of the water-benefiting element, 2 kg/mu of the brown sugar and 20L/mu of water in advance, oxygenating and activating for 24 hours, and then sprinkling the solution to the pond; the fertilizer supplementing method specifically comprises the following steps: and adding the water fertilizing elements into the pond according to the standard of 1 kg/mu. The pond bottom cleaning can effectively improve the substrate condition, enhance the self-cleaning capability of the pond, prevent the bottom from smelling and prevent shrimps from being killed; the prebiotic can effectively degrade macromolecular excreta in the aquaculture water body, inhibit vibrio, and simultaneously can be colonized in the shrimp intestinal tract, and a powerful dominant flora can be formed in the shrimp intestinal tract, so that strong and effective protease, lipase and amylase are generated, the effective utilization of nutrient components in the feed by the penaeus vannamei boone is conveniently improved, the healthy growth of the penaeus vannamei boone is promoted, diseases are reduced, the bait coefficient is reduced, and the aquaculture benefit is improved. After the two microecologics are added into the pond, in the whole ecological environment of the pond, beneficial microorganisms occupy a dominant position, the growth of harmful microorganisms is indirectly inhibited, and the concentration of the harmful microorganisms is controlled within a disease-free range; under the condition of not using antibiotics, harmful microorganisms are inhibited, and aquatic products obtained by the synergistic planting and breeding method do not have the problem of drug residue, are healthy green ecological agricultural products and have market competitiveness.
Preferably, the standard seedling and breeding of the penaeus vannamei boone have two crops, the standard seedling process of the first crop of the penaeus vannamei boone is carried out in 4 months, and the standard seedling process of the second crop of the penaeus vannamei boone is carried out in 6 months; the first crop of Penaeus vannamei Boone is cultured in 5 months, and the second crop of Penaeus vannamei Boone is cultured in 7 months after the first crop of Penaeus vannamei Boone is harvested; before the second crop of penaeus vannamei boone is cultured, bottom changing, bacterium supplementing and water adjusting are carried out on the pond.
Specifically, before the second crop of penaeus vannamei boone is cultured, the bottom changing step specifically comprises the following steps: adding pond bottom cleaner according to the standard of 4 kg/mu; the steps of fungus supplementation are as follows: preparing a solution according to the standards of 2 kg/mu of the water-benefiting element, 2 kg/mu of the brown sugar and 20L/mu of the well water in advance, oxygenating and activating for 24 hours, and then sprinkling the solution to the pond; the water adjusting steps are as follows: the fertilizer is added into a pond according to the standards of 100 kg/mu of industrial salt, 30 kg/mu of magnesium sulfate, 15 kg/mu of calcium chloride, 2.4 kg/mu of potassium chloride, 1.2 kg/mu of boric acid and 0.3 kg/mu of potassium bromide. By changing the bottom and supplementing the bacteria, most organic matters in the culture water body can be treated to greatly improve the water quality, which plays an important role in the culture of the second crop of penaeus vannamei boone; mineral elements are properly supplemented into the culture water body by adjusting water.
Preferably, the swamp eel is used before the swamp eel is put in a fry, and 20mg/L povidone iodine is required to be soaked for 10 minutes to disinfect and sterilize the swamp eel.
Preferably, in the finless eel breeding process, finless eels are not fed in the pond for 3-4 days, 100% of animal baits are fed in the first 1-3 days, the proportion of the animal baits is gradually reduced during feeding, the animal baits are changed from the first 100% of the animal baits to the last 100% of compound feed, and the content of crude protein in the finless eel compound feed is 43%.
Example 1
The invention provides a method for synergistically breeding penaeus vannamei boone, finless eel and water caltrop, which comprises the following steps:
s1 Pond reconstruction
Dividing a 10-mu penaeus vannamei intensive culture pond into two 5-mu single ponds for respectively modifying in 7 months in 2017; as shown in fig. 2-3, a shrimp ditch 2 is dug along the inner side of the pond ridge 1, the width of the shrimp ditch is 8m, the gradient of the outer slope of the shrimp ditch is 1:2, and the gradient of the inner slope is 1: 1; a fence 4 enclosed by 8-mesh polyethylene net pieces and fixing piles is vertically separated from the position 1m away from the outer eave of the inner slope of the shrimp ditch 2 on the pond middle platform 3, the bottom of the fence 4 is embedded 0.4m below the middle platform 3, the upper part of the fence is 0.8m higher than the middle platform, and fixing piles are arranged at intervals of 3.5 m; a water caltrop and ricefield eel breeding area is formed on the inner side of the fence 4, and a penaeus vannamei breeding area is formed between the pond ridge 1 and the fence 4; the water depth of the water chestnut and ricefield eel planting area is 0.3-0.6 m; the water depth of the penaeus vannamei culture area is 1.5-2.0 m;
s2 Disinfection and Water transfer
Sterilizing and water transferring of the standard seedling pool: the use floor area is 200m2The standard seedling pool is used for marking the crude standard of the Penaeus vannamei Boone, and 200m is introduced into the standard seedling pool in 2018, 4 and 2 months and 2018, 6 and 13 months3Adding 2kg of bleaching powder into water, and sterilizing for later use; 400kg of industrial salt, 140kg of magnesium sulfate, 50kg of calcium chloride, 10kg of potassium chloride, 5kg of boric acid and 1kg of potassium bromide are added in 5 days in 4 months in 2018 and 16 days in 6 months in 2018, and the water quality is measured after all elements in water are fully dissolved. Wherein each itemThe average index value is: salinity of 1.2ppt, total alkalinity of 110mg/L, dissolved oxygen of 5.8mg/L, calcium ion of 80mg/L, pH of 7.9, magnesium ion of 63mg/L, nitrite of 0mg/L, potassium ion of 32mg/L, ammonia nitrogen of 0mg/L and water temperature of 22 ℃. The standard seedling pool is provided with a 1.5kw air energy constant temperature machine, 0.55kw oxygenation equipment and a 15m nanometer disc.
Pond disinfection and water diversion: 3, 10 days in 2018, 613kg of quicklime is splashed into the two ponds for disinfection, and the water caltrop can be planted after standing for at least 7 days; 24kg of bleaching powder is used in each pond after 5 months and 2 days in 2018, and the bleaching powder is uniformly sprayed to shrimp ditches by floating ship transportation; if more floating dead wild trash fishes exist, carrying out artificial fishing; 5 months and 5 days, 2000kg of industrial salt, 700kg of magnesium sulfate, 125kg of calcium chloride, 50kg of potassium chloride, 25kg of boric acid and 5kg of potassium bromide are added into each pond. The pH value of the water body of the shrimp ditch is 8.1 measured in 5 months and 9 days. 5.5kw blowers and 240m nanometer disks are arranged in each 10 mu of pond.
S3 planting water caltrops
Measuring the water temperature of the pond by 16 ℃ in 2018, 3, 22 and beginning to plant water chestnuts, wherein the water chestnuts are used for germination, 262kg of water chestnuts are commonly used, the water chestnuts growing out germs are uniformly sown in the water, and the water chestnuts are not sown in an area, which is about 50cm away from the fence, in the fence; after the seeds are sowed, 90kg of urea is dissolved in water and is uniformly sprinkled in the fence, the urea is sprinkled every other week, the dosage is 20kg, and sprinkling is stopped before the shrimp seeds are put into the pond; gradually raising the water level of the platform to 60cm from 3 months and 30 days to 5 months and 10 days.
S4 marking and culturing of Penaeus vannamei Boone
Marking seedlings of the first crop of Penaeus vannamei: year 2018, month 4, day 10, 12: 00 measuring the water temperature of the standard seedling pool to be 22 ℃, and intensively marking the shrimp seedlings to be thick in the standard seedling pool; during the period of marking seedlings, the culture density is kept at 1000 tails/m3The water body, bait from the shrimp flake to the powder material transition step by step, and then to the small broken material transition.
Culturing first-crop penaeus vannamei: dividing the Penaeus vannamei Boone fry in the standard fry pond into fry in the shrimp ditches in 5 months and 10 days in 2018; the average specification of the shrimp seeds is 950 kg/jin, 168 jin of shrimp seeds are harvested together, and 84 jin of shrimp seeds are separated in each pond; and 5, 17 days after the seedlings are separated, the fed feed is gradually transited from the small crushed feed, the large crushed feed and the adult shrimp feed with the particle size of 1.6 mm. During the cultivation period, feeding is carried out four times a day, and the time points are 7:00, 11:00, 15:00 and 19: 00. The feeding amount of each meal is flexibly adjusted according to the air temperature, the ingestion effect of the previous meal, whether the meal is in the shelling period and the like, and the shrimp pond is surrounded for uniform feeding. Adding vitamin C according to the standard of 2-5 g/kg of feed in morning feeding, and adding Wuhuang powder according to the standard of 2g/kg of feed every 3 days in evening feeding, wherein the protein content in feeding reaches 40%. And (3) when the feed is fed every time, putting 2-3% of the bait corresponding to the total feeding amount of the pond into a feeding table, and observing the feeding condition 1 hour after feeding. In the period, the pond is further subjected to water quality management, the transparency of a water body is kept to be 20-30 cm, the bottom is changed and beneficial bacteria are supplemented once in 7 days, the fertilizer is supplemented once in 15 days, and dissolved oxygen, ammonia nitrogen, nitrous acid, pH and total alkalinity are detected every day. Wherein, the bottom changing step specifically comprises the following steps: 5kg of pond bottom cleaning is added into each pond; the steps of supplementing beneficial bacteria are as follows: preparing solution according to the standards of 10kg of prebiotics, 10kg of brown sugar and 100L of water in advance for each pond, oxygenating and activating for 24 hours, and then sprinkling the solution to the pond; the fertilizer supplementing method specifically comprises the following steps: adding aquaponics into the pond according to the standard of 5kg per pond. 11-7-18 months in 2018, during the culture period, the water quality indexes need to be detected, and the average value of each index is as follows: 5.5mg/L of dissolved oxygen, 0.05mg/L of ammonia nitrogen, 0.1mg/L of nitrite, 8.2 of pH value and 110mg/L of total alkalinity.
Marking second-crop litopenaeus vannamei seedlings: concentrating and thickening the shrimp fries in a standard fry pond in 2018, 6 months and 19 days; during the period of marking seedlings, the culture density is kept at 1000 tails/m3The water body, bait from the shrimp flake to the powder material transition step by step, and then to the small broken material transition.
And (3) culturing second-crop penaeus vannamei: and before the second crop of penaeus vannamei boone is cultured, bottom changing, probiotic supplementing and water adjusting are required. Specifically, 20kg of large group pond bottom clear per pond is used for transporting the pond bottom clear water to be uniformly splashed into the water body of the shrimp ditch by a floating pontoon in 20 days 7 and 20 months 2018; for 7 months and 22 days, adding 500kg of industrial salt, 150kg of magnesium sulfate, 75kg of calcium chloride, 12kg of potassium chloride, 6kg of boric acid and 1.5kg of potassium bromide into each pond; 7, 22 days in 7 months, mixing the big group of the prebiotics 10kg, the brown sugar 10kg and the well water 100L, oxygenating and activating for 24 hours, and splashing the mixture into each pond; measuring the pH value of the water body in the shrimp ditch to be 8.5 in 23 days after 7 months; dividing the shrimp seedlings in the standard seedling pool into shrimp ditches in 24 days in 7 months in 2018; the average size of the shrimp seeds is 800 kg/jin, 195 jin of shrimp seeds are harvested together, and 97.5 jin of shrimp seeds are separated in each pond. The adult shrimp culture and management are the same as above.
S5 ricefield eel breeding
1026kg of seedlings are placed in the two ponds in 26 months 6 in 2018, the seedling placement specification is 15-20 g/tail, and the seedlings are uniformly thrown into the fence; soaking Monopteri albi in 20mg/L povidone iodine for 10 min before putting the Monopteri albi seedlings; 3-4 days after the finless eels are fed into the pond, and earthworms with the total bait feeding amount of 18kg are fed in two ponds in the first day, and the feeding is carried out in the morning and the evening respectively; then gradually reducing the animal bait feeding proportion, and gradually increasing the proportion of the compound feed, wherein the total feeding amount in one day is increased to 4-6% of the total body weight, and the full feeding of the feed is ensured in the whole ricefield eel culture period; after the food domestication is successful, the chicken are fed four times a day. Wherein the crude protein content of the compound feed for Monopteri albi is 43%.
S6 harvest
The first batch of Penaeus vannamei Boone is harvested and sold in a ground cage at 28 days in 6 months, and the size of the harvested finished product of Penaeus vannamei Boone is 41 shrimps/jin and lasts for 18 days in 7 months; the second batch of Penaeus vannamei Boone is sold at 28 days in 9 months and lasts for 20 days in 10 months; harvesting a small amount of large-sized grown shrimps in the dried pond in 11 months; the shrimp grabs in batches are put on the market to improve the culture yield.
Picking part of tender water caltrop in 8 months and 1 day, and picking by stages and manually by using a floating pontoon. Laozi was harvested starting on day 8, 15.
The method comprises the following steps of harvesting finless eels in 10-11 months, draining off part of water in a pond in 2018, 10-27 months, harvesting the finless eels by using a finless eel cage, and breeding the harvested finless eels in a net cage.
Draining the pond water in 2018, 11 months and 12 days, and capturing all finless eels and shrimps; the drained penaeus vannamei boone is not plentiful, most of the penaeus vannamei boone can be harvested through the ground cage in the early period, and the amount of the penaeus vannamei boone harvested from the dry pond in 10 mu of land is 210 jin. The size of the grown shrimps harvested in the dry pond is about 25 per jin.
In the invention, the first crop of the penaeus vannamei boone is harvested into 3680 jin of penaeus vannamei boone, the second crop of the penaeus vannamei boone is harvested 4025 jin (3815 jin of cage capture and 210 jin of dry pond harvest), the two crops of the penaeus vannamei boone are combined into 7705 jin of penaeus vannamei boone, the selling price of the penaeus vannamei boone is equal to 56 yuan/kg, and 4 tons of penaeus vannamei boone compound; the output of water caltrops is 3558kg, and the sale price is 5 yuan/kg; 4122kg of finless eel is harvested together, 500kg of animal bait is used, the average sale price is 58 yuan/kg, and 6 tons of compound feed is used in the period.
The planting and breeding method is summarized by practical experience of the inventor, under the synergistic planting and breeding method of 10 mu of penaeus vannamei, finless eels and water caltrop ponds, the total profit is 22.26 ten thousand yuan, and the profit per mu can reach 2.2 ten thousand yuan. Compared with the traditional intensive culture method of the three, the economic benefit of the synergistic culture method is obviously improved by 2-3 times.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (9)
1. A method for synergistically breeding penaeus vannamei boone, finless eel and water caltrop is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1 Pond reconstruction
Excavating shrimp ditches along the inner sides of the pond ridges, and arranging fences on a middle platform of the pond; a water chestnut and ricefield eel breeding area is formed on the inner side of the fence, and a penaeus vannamei breeding area is formed between the pond ridge and the fence;
s2 Disinfection and Water transfer
The standard seedling pool and the pond are required to be disinfected and water is required to be adjusted before use;
s3 planting water caltrops
Planting water chestnuts in 3 months, starting planting when the water temperature is stabilized to be higher than 12 ℃, and uniformly scattering the water chestnuts growing out of germs in water according to the standard of 25-30 kg/mu; after the seeds are sowed, spraying urea according to the standard of 5-10 kg/mu, spraying urea once every other week, wherein the spraying is stopped before the shrimp seeds are put into the pond, and the spraying is stopped every 1-3 kg/mu every time; gradually increasing the water level of the platform to 60cm along with the growth of the water chestnuts;
s4 marking and culturing of Penaeus vannamei Boone
Marking the standard seedlings of the penaeus vannamei boone: marking the shrimp seedlings in 3-6 months, and intensively marking the shrimp seedlings to be thick in a shrimp seedling marking pool when the water temperature is kept above 21 ℃; during the period of standard seedling, the breeding density is kept at 1000 to1500 tail/m3The bait is gradually transited from the shrimp slices to the powder material and then transited to the small crushed material in the water body;
culturing the litopenaeus vannamei: when the shrimp seedlings are cultured to 2.5-3 cm, the seedling separation work can be carried out, and the seedling amount of the culture pond is 1.5-2 ten thousand tails/mu; feeding four times a day during the culture period, wherein the feed is fed from small crushed material, large crushed material and mature shrimp material with the particle size of 1.6mm in a step-by-step transition manner; in the meantime, water quality management of the pond is required;
s5 ricefield eel breeding
The finless eel fries are put in the field of 6 months according to the weight of 100-120 kg/mu, and the weight of the fries is 15-20 g/tail; the total bait throwing amount of the first day of feeding after seedling placement is 1-2% of the total body weight, and the feeding is carried out in the morning and at night respectively; then gradually reducing the feeding proportion of animal baits, and gradually increasing the proportion of compound feed, wherein the total feeding amount in one day is increased to 4-6% of the total body weight; feeding for four times every day after the food domestication is successful;
s6 harvest
The culture period of the penaeus vannamei boone is about 3 months, and the penaeus vannamei boone is harvested in 6-7 months and 9-10 months;
picking water chestnuts in 8-9 months;
harvesting the finless eels in 10-11 months;
draining the pond water after 11 months, and fishing all the finless eels and shrimps.
2. The method for synergistically breeding the penaeus vannamei boone, the finless eel and the water caltrop according to claim 1, wherein the area ratio of the standard seedling pond to the pond is 1: (30-50).
3. The method for synergistically breeding the penaeus vannamei boone, the finless eel and the water caltrop according to claim 1, wherein the specific processes of disinfecting and adjusting the standard seedling pond are as follows: 8-12 g of bleaching powder is added into each cubic meter of water body in the standard seedling pool for disinfection, and then 2kg of industrial salt, 0.7kg of magnesium sulfate, 0.25kg of calcium chloride, 50g of potassium chloride, 25g of boric acid and 5g of potassium bromide are added into each cubic meter of water body for water adjustment.
4. The method for synergistically breeding the penaeus vannamei boone, the finless eel and the water caltrop according to claim 1, wherein the specific processes of sterilizing and adjusting the pond are as follows: before use, 50-100 kg/mu of quicklime is splashed into the pond for disinfection, the pond is kept stand for at least 7 days for water caltrop planting, 8-12 g of bleaching powder is added into the pond for disinfection according to each cubic meter of water one week before shrimp larvae are launched into the pond, and the shrimp larvae can be launched after the pond is kept stand for at least 7 days; after disinfection, adding 0.8kg of industrial salt, 0.28kg of magnesium sulfate, 50g of calcium chloride, 20g of potassium chloride, 10g of boric acid and 2g of potassium bromide into each cubic meter of water body in the pond for water adjustment.
5. The method for synergistically breeding the penaeus vannamei boone, the finless eels and the water chestnuts according to claim 1, is characterized in that after the penaeus vannamei boone is separated, vitamin C is added to the feed in the morning according to the standard of 2-5 g/kg of the feed, Wuhuang powder is added to the feed in the evening according to the standard of 2g/kg of the feed every 3 days, and the protein content in the feed reaches 40%.
6. The method for the cooperative breeding of the penaeus vannamei boone, the finless eel and the water caltrop according to claim 1, wherein in the water quality management process, the step of changing the bottom is specifically as follows: adding pond bottom cleaner according to the standard of 1 kg/mu; the steps of supplementing beneficial bacteria are as follows: preparing a solution according to the standards of 2 kg/mu of the water-benefiting element, 2 kg/mu of the brown sugar and 20L/mu of water in advance, oxygenating and activating for 24 hours, and then sprinkling the solution to the pond; the fertilizer supplementing method specifically comprises the following steps: and adding the water fertilizing elements into the pond according to the standard of 1 kg/mu.
7. The method for the cooperative breeding of the penaeus vannamei boone, the finless eels and the water chestnuts according to claim 1, wherein the standard breeding and the breeding of the penaeus vannamei boone have two batches, the standard breeding process of the first batch of the penaeus vannamei boone is carried out in 4 months, and the standard breeding process of the second batch of the penaeus vannamei boone is carried out in 6 months; the first crop of Penaeus vannamei Boone is cultured in 5 months, and the second crop of Penaeus vannamei Boone is cultured in 7 months after the first crop of Penaeus vannamei Boone is harvested; before the second crop of penaeus vannamei boone is cultured, bottom changing, bacterium supplementing and water adjusting are carried out on the pond.
8. The method for the collaborative breeding of the penaeus vannamei boone, the finless eels and the water chestnuts according to claim 7, wherein before the second crop of the penaeus vannamei boone is bred, the step of changing the bottom is specifically as follows: adding pond bottom cleaner according to the standard of 4 kg/mu; the steps of fungus supplementation are as follows: preparing a solution according to the standards of 2 kg/mu of the water-benefiting element, 2 kg/mu of the brown sugar and 20L/mu of the well water in advance, oxygenating and activating for 24 hours, and then sprinkling the solution to the pond; the water adjusting steps are as follows: the fertilizer is added into a pond according to the standards of 100 kg/mu of industrial salt, 30 kg/mu of magnesium sulfate, 15 kg/mu of calcium chloride, 2.4 kg/mu of potassium chloride, 1.2 kg/mu of boric acid and 0.3 kg/mu of potassium bromide.
9. The method for the cooperative breeding of the penaeus vannamei boone, the finless eels and the water chestnuts according to claim 1, wherein in the breeding process of the finless eels, the finless eels are not fed in a pool for 3-4 days, 100% of animal baits are fed in the first 1-3 days, the proportion of the animal baits is gradually reduced during feeding, the animal baits are changed from the first 100% to the final 100% of compound feed, and the content of crude proteins in the compound feed of the finless eels is 43%.
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