CN114557248A - Rice close-sowing seedling planting method - Google Patents
Rice close-sowing seedling planting method Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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Abstract
The invention discloses a rice close-sowing seedling planting method, which comprises the following steps of dividing seeds into three stages according to thousand seed weight of rice seeds: low thousand kernel weight varieties, medium thousand kernel weight varieties, and high thousand kernel weight varieties; determining the seed consumption of different grades, and determining the optimal seeding quantity in unit area; the invention adopts a three-section temperature control method to raise seedlings, and provides a standard for dense seedling sowing by taking the thousand-grain weight of rice as the dense seedling sowing standard aiming at the difficult problems of seedling cultivation and seedling floating in the dense seedling transplanting technology, so that the comprehensive quality of seedlings of middle and low thousand-grain weight varieties is obviously improved during dense seedling sowing, and the chlorophyll content and the plant biomass are increased; under the condition of not changing the seed consumption of conventional sowing, the seed consumption of medium and low thousand-kernel weight seeds is reduced, the seed cost is saved, the seeds of low thousand-kernel weight varieties are saved by 25 percent on average, and the seeds of medium thousand-kernel weight varieties are saved by 10 percent on average; three-stage temperature control seedling raising is adopted, the floating-prevention seedling-reviving conditioner is applied additionally, the root system has more roots, the specific gravity of the mechanical seedling transplanting block is large, the difficult problem of seedling density and mechanical seedling transplanting floating is obviously reduced, the seedlings are promoted to early grow and turn green, and the yield increasing effect is obvious.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of rice planting, in particular to a rice close-sowing seedling planting method.
Background
At present, rice production is changed from scattered production to large-scale production, and the mechanized level of rice needs to be continuously improved. However, the conventional mechanical seedling transplanting technology has high seedling raising material cost and more labor, and the reduction of the seedling raising cost of the mechanical rice transplanting becomes a urgent priority. The rice close-sowing seedling planting technology is a new technology popularized in recent years, mainly increases the number of seedlings in a seedling tray, greatly reduces the number of trays for machine transplanting, greatly saves resources such as nutrient soil, fertilizer, microbial inoculum, seedling tray and the like required by seedling raising, has obvious labor-saving and cost-saving effects, and is beneficial to the development of mechanized seedling raising and transplanting technology of rice.
At present, when the close seedling machine transplanting technology is applied to production, the quality of seedlings of different varieties has great difference, so that the green turning speed among varieties is different, the yield is seriously reduced, and the like. The close-seedling sowing technology is based on the traditional sowing method, so that the sowing density is easily overlarge, the seed waste is caused, and the yield is reduced; the large seeds are easy to cause improper sowing density, seedling leakage, lack of plants and the like. When the rice seedling transplanter plants seedlings, a water layer exists in the field, the phenomenon of large-area seedling floating and seedling falling is easy to occur, so that seedlings in the field are unevenly distributed, the seedlings need to be replenished, the workload is increased, and the rice transplanting progress and season are even influenced. In addition, when the dense seedling machine is used for transplanting, seedling blocks for taking seedlings are small, the root system has small soil carrying amount and is easy to scatter, the nutrition of each seedling is insufficient, the green returning speed is slow, and the seedlings are easy to die. The invention emphasizes on improving the quality of close-sowed seedling raising, increasing the soil carrying amount of seedling, preventing seedling floating, improving the seedling green turning speed, promoting early growth and promoting hand growth, and provides support for the popularization of close-sowed seedling transplanting technology.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to overcome the technical defects and provide a rice close-sowing seedling planting method.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows: a rice close-sowing seedling planting method comprises the following steps:
s1: dividing the rice seeds into three stages according to the thousand seed weight: low thousand kernel weight varieties, medium thousand kernel weight varieties, and high thousand kernel weight varieties; low thousand kernel weight variety with thousand kernel weight of 18-24.9 g, medium thousand kernel weight variety with thousand kernel weight of 25-26.9 g, high thousand kernel weight variety with thousand kernel weight of 27-34 g;
the water content of indica rice and hybrid rice seeds is 13 percent, and the water content of japonica rice seeds is 14.5 percent;
the low thousand kernel weight variety accounts for 28% of the number of rice seeds; the medium thousand kernel weight variety accounts for 42% of the number of rice seeds; the high thousand kernel weight variety accounts for 30% of the number of rice seeds;
s2: determining the use amount of different graded seeds according to the number of basic seedlings to be transplanted in the field, and determining the optimal seeding amount of each tray; the sowing quantity of the low thousand-grain weight variety is 1447-1509 g dry grain/m2The sowing quantity of the thousand-grain heavy variety is suitable to be 1644-1717 g dry grain/m2The sowing quantity of the high thousand-grain weight variety is suitably 1817-1878 g dry grain/m2；
S3: after the seeds are disinfected, a special seeding assembly line for dense seedlings is selected for seeding, the particle size of the substrate is 0.1-3.5 mm, the using amount of covering soil is increased, the thickness is about 0.6-0.8 cm, the seedling nutrient content per unit area is improved, the seedlings are promoted to have more roots, and the soil quantity of machine transplanting belts is increased. A deepened seedling tray with a small aperture is selected, the aperture of the bottom of the tray is 1.5-2.5mm, the hole spacing is 30-40mm, and the tray depth is 29-30mm, so that root packing is promoted, roots are prevented from penetrating into soil, and the seedling taking efficiency in the field is improved.
S4: three sections of temperature control seedling raising are adopted:
in the early stage, the time is 2 days, the roots and the buds are promoted, the seeds are put in a dark room for sprouting after the sowing is finished, the temperature is 28-32 ℃, the seeds are germinated in an accelerated way, and the roots are quickly extended and deeply pricked into the nutrient soil.
In the middle stage, the time is 5-8 days, after budding, the rice seedling is placed in a seedling bed, the temperature is controlled to be 22-25 ℃ in the daytime, the temperature is reduced when the temperature exceeds 25 ℃, and the medium temperature is 18 ℃; controlling the temperature at 18-20 ℃ at night, and starting to cool when the temperature exceeds 20 ℃, wherein the medium temperature is 16 ℃.
In the later period, the time is 15-20 days, the temperature is controlled at 22-25 ℃ in the daytime, the temperature is reduced when the temperature exceeds 25 ℃, and the medium temperature is 18 ℃; controlling the temperature at 13-15 ℃ at night, beginning to reduce the temperature when the temperature exceeds 15 ℃, and controlling the medium temperature to be 11 ℃ to form dwarf seedlings, improving the quality of the seedlings and ensuring the seedling age to be 2-3 leaves. The spraying medium is cold water or cold air, the surface temperature of the seedling tray is rapidly reduced, the growth of stems and leaves of the seedlings is controlled, strong seedlings are promoted, the temperature in the soil layer is suitable for facilitating the large amount of rooting of the seedlings, the soil carrying amount of mechanical transplanting is increased, and the seedling floating is reduced.
S5: the main components of the anti-floating and seedling-reviving conditioner are high-density mineral powder, high-density clay and common compound fertilizer, the specific gravity of a machine-transplanted seedling block and the attachment of nutrient soil of a root system are increased, the seedling floating during the close seedling machine transplanting is prevented, the leaf draining in the seedling revival stage is reduced, and the rapid green returning and root system rooting of the seedlings are promoted; before the anti-floating and seedling-reviving conditioner is applied in a scattering way, the rice seedling field is drained, and is uniformly applied in a scattering way on sunny days to avoid spreading on plants, wherein the amount of the conditioner is 2463-3079 g/m2. Then the water is rehydrated after every other day, and the watering depth can be enough to submerge the edge of the seedling tray, so that the anti-floating agent can be promoted to be uniformly diffused in the seedling tray.
S6: the field is cleared up, the ground fall is required to be small, shallow water is used for transplanting seedlings, a close seedling special transplanting machine is used for transplanting the seedlings, and each cluster is 3-4 in number; fertilizing by adopting a twice fertilizing method.
Further, in the fifth step, 65% of high-density ore powder, 33% of clay mineral and 2% of common compound fertilizer are adopted, the high-density ore powder is iron ore slag powder or hard manganese ore powder, and the suitable density is 4.0-5.5 g/cm3The clay mineral is inorganic clay, the suitable viscosity index is 17-22, and the density is 2.6-2.9 g/cm3。
Further, the two-time fertilization method in the sixth step is that 80% of base fertilizer is applied before transplanting rice seedlings, and 20% of spike fertilizer is applied during spike differentiation;
compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that: aiming at the difficult problems of seedling cultivation and mechanical transplanting and floating seedling existing in the close-sowed seedling transplanting technology, the invention provides a standard of taking the thousand-grain weight of rice as close-sowed seedling, and starts from aspects of reasonable close-sowed seedling, temperature-controlled seedling raising, increased application of a floating-prevention seedling-reviving agent and the like, (1) compared with the traditional method, the comprehensive quality of seedlings of middle and low thousand-grain weight varieties is obviously improved during close-sowed seedling, and the chlorophyll content and the plant biomass are increased; (2) under the condition of not changing the conventional seed quantity for sowing, the use amount of the seeds with medium and low thousand kernel weight is further reduced, and the seed cost is saved, compared with the traditional method, the seeds of the variety with low thousand kernel weight are saved by 25% on average, and the seeds of the variety with medium thousand kernel weight are saved by 10% on average; (3) three-stage temperature control seedling raising is adopted, the floating-prevention seedling-reviving conditioner is applied additionally, the root system has more roots, the machine-transplanted seedling has large soil quantity, floating seedlings and seedling leakage are obviously reduced, the early emergence and the green return of seedlings after seedling transplanting are promoted, and the rice yield increasing effect is obvious.
Detailed Description
The following further illustrates embodiments of the present invention.
Example 1:
low thousand seed weight, thousand seed weight 18-24.9 g, indica rice and hybrid rice seed water content 13%, japonica rice seed water content 14.5%, such as 18 g of Jinnongsi seedling, 22.4 g of Zhongzhe you No. 8, and 23.5 g of Huanghua. The low thousand kernel weight variety accounts for about 28% of the number of rice seeds; the sowing quantity is 1447-1509 g dry grain/m2。
A rice dense seedling sowing contrast test is carried out in the Fuyang base of the China Rice research institute, and a variety with a low thousand kernel weight type is selected: zhongzhe you No. 8 (22.4 g), is indica hybrid rice, and 3 seeding density treatments are set in the experiment, which are respectively: control 554 g dry grain/m2Optimized seeding rate of 1478 g dry grains/m2Conventional seeding rate of 1847 g dry grain/m24-6 disks of seedlings are planned for each mu. The test treatment is repeated for four times, selected rice seeds are soaked for 24 hours, are subjected to germination acceleration at 32 ℃ for 8-10 hours, are sown, are placed in a greenhouse for three-section temperature-controlled seedling raising, are investigated after 15 days, and are mainly used for measuring the seedling emergence rate, the biomass, the total root length and the like. Transplanting seedlings by a dense seedling transplanter (Marek's company), transplanting the seedlings at a density plant spacing multiplied by a row spacing (16cm multiplied by 30cm), transplanting 1.39 ten thousand holes per mu of machine, and transplanting the seedlings by the machineThe minimum seedling taking area (1.07cm multiplied by 0.8cm, namely the maximum grabbing times per plate, which is 1885 times) is adopted during transplanting.
TABLE 1 quality of closely sowed seedlings for mechanically transplanting rice seedlings
TABLE 2 seedling tray number and stock shortage rate of densely-sowed seedling machine-transplanted rice
TABLE 3 yield and yield increase rate of close-sown plantlet machine-transplanted rice
Example 2:
the rice is a medium thousand-grain variety, the thousand grain weight is 25-26.9 g, the moisture content of indica rice and hybrid rice seeds is 13%, the moisture content of japonica rice seeds is 14.5%, such as 14325.1 g of Zhongji, 51825.8 g of Hyou and 26.4 g of Yongyou No. 9. The thousand kernel weight variety accounts for about 42% of the number of rice seeds; the sowing quantity is suitably 1644-1718 g dry grain/m2。
A rice dense seedling sowing comparison test is carried out in the Fuyang base of the Chinese Rice institute, and a variety with the weight of thousands of grains is selected: yongyou 538(25.4 g) is indica-japonica hybrid rice, and 3 sowing density treatments are set in the test, respectively: control 554 g dry grain/m2Optimized seeding rate of 1663 g dry grain/m2Conventional seeding rate of 1847 g dry grain/m24-6 disks of seedlings are planned for each mu. The test treatment is repeated for four times, the selected rice seeds are soaked for 48 hours, germinated for 8-10 hours at 32 ℃, sowed, placed in a greenhouse for three-section temperature control seedling raising, and investigated after 15 daysThe quality of each treated seedling is mainly determined by the seedling emergence rate, biomass, total root length and the like. Transplanting seedlings by a close seedling transplanter (Martha corporation), transplanting the seedlings with the density of the row spacing multiplied by the row spacing (16cm multiplied by 30cm), transplanting 1.39 ten thousand holes in each mu of machine, and adopting the minimum seedling taking area (1.07cm multiplied by 0.8cm, the maximum grabbing times per disc is 1885 times) during machine transplanting
TABLE 4 quality of close-sowing small-seedling machine-transplanted rice seedlings
TABLE 5 seedling tray number and stock shortage rate of close-sowed plantlet machine-transplanted rice
TABLE 6 yield and yield increase rate of close-sown plantlet machine-transplanted rice
Example 3:
high thousand grain weight variety, thousand grain weight 27-34 g, indica rice and hybrid rice seed moisture content 13%, japonica rice seed moisture content 14.5%, such as Jiahe 21227.9 g, Zhongjia No. 8 30.5 g, and Guohao No. 7 32 g. The thousand kernel weight variety accounts for about 30% of the number of rice seeds; the suitable seeding rate of the variety is 1817-1878 g dry grain/m2。
A rice dense seedling sowing comparison test is carried out in the Fuyang base of the China Rice research institute, and varieties with the weight of thousands of grains are selected: xiushui 134(27.5 g), for conventional japonica rice, the experiment sets up 3 seeding density treatments, respectively: control 554 g dry grain/m2Optimized seeding rate 1817 g dry grain/m2Traditional seeding amount 1878 g dry grain/rice/millet combinationm24-6 disks of seedlings are planned for each mu. The test treatment is repeated for four times, selected rice seeds are soaked for 48 hours, are subjected to germination acceleration at 32 ℃ for 8-10 hours, are sown, are placed in a greenhouse for three-section temperature-controlled seedling raising, are investigated after 15 days, and are mainly used for measuring the seedling emergence rate, the biomass, the total root length and the like. Transplanting seedlings by a close seedling transplanter (March company), transplanting the seedlings with the density of plant spacing multiplied by row spacing (16cm multiplied by 30cm), transplanting 1.39 ten thousand holes per mu of machine, and adopting the minimum seedling taking area (1.07cm multiplied by 0.8cm, the maximum grabbing times per plate are 1885 times) during the machine transplanting
TABLE 7 quality of closely sowed seedlings transplanted by machine
TABLE 8 seedling tray number and stock shortage rate of densely-sowed seedling machine-transplanted rice
TABLE 9 yield and yield increase of close-sown plantlet machine-transplanted rice
Compared with the traditional method, the embodiment of the method saves 25% of seeds in low thousand-grain weight varieties and 10% of seeds in medium thousand-grain weight varieties on average under the condition of not changing the conventional sowing seed quantity; the comprehensive quality of seedlings of middle and low thousand kernel weight varieties is obviously improved during close seedling sowing, and the chlorophyll content and plant biomass are increased; three-stage temperature control particle matrix is adopted for seedling raising, the early-growing root-promoting agent is additionally applied, the root system has more roots, the machine transplanting soil carrying amount is large, the seedling floating and seedling leakage are obviously reduced, the early-growing green-turning of the seedlings after seedling transplanting is promoted, and the rice yield increasing effect is obvious.
The present invention and the embodiments thereof have been described above, and the description is not restrictive, and the embodiments shown in the detailed description are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments, and the actual configuration is not limited thereto. In summary, those skilled in the art should appreciate that they can readily use the disclosed conception and specific embodiments as a basis for designing or modifying other structures for carrying out the same purposes of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (2)
1. A rice close-seeding plantlet planting method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: the seeds are divided into three stages according to the thousand seed weight of the rice seeds: low thousand kernel weight varieties, medium thousand kernel weight varieties, and high thousand kernel weight varieties; the low thousand-grain weight variety has a thousand-grain gram weight of 18-24.9 g, the medium thousand-grain weight variety has a thousand-grain gram weight of 25-26.9 g, and the high thousand-grain weight variety has a thousand-grain gram weight of 27-34 g; the low thousand kernel weight variety accounts for 28% of the number of rice seeds; the medium thousand kernel weight variety accounts for 42% of the number of rice seeds; the high thousand kernel weight variety accounts for 30% of the number of rice seeds;
s2: the sowing amount of the low thousand-grain variety is 1447-1509 g dry grains/m 2, the sowing amount of the medium thousand-grain variety is 1644-1717 g dry grains/m 2, and the sowing amount of the high thousand-grain variety is 1817-1878 g dry grains/m 2;
s3: selecting a small-aperture deepened seedling tray, wherein the aperture of the bottom of the tray is 1.5-2.5mm, and the tray depth is 29-30 mm; the covering soil thickness is 0.6-0.8 cm, the nutrition of the seedlings in unit area is increased, and the soil carrying quantity of the mechanical transplanting blocks is increased;
s4: three-stage temperature control seedling raising is adopted, in the early stage, roots and buds are promoted to grow, and the root system is quickly pricked into nutrient soil; in the middle and later stages, the surface temperature of a seedling tray is gradually reduced in different periods, the elongation of the stem and leaf of the seedling is controlled, and the strong seedling is promoted; the temperature of the soil layer is kept to be proper, rooting is promoted, and the soil attachment amount of the root system is increased;
s5: the main components of the anti-floating seedling-reviving conditioner applied in a scattering way before seedling transplanting comprise high-density mineral powder, high-density clay and the like, the proportion of machine-transplanted seedling blocks and root system attached nutrient soil is increased, and the floating seedling of seedling-sealing machine transplanting is reduced.
2. The method for planting the rice seedlings planted in close-spaced manner according to claim 1,
(1) in the fifth step, 65% of high-density mineral powder, 33% of high-density clay and 2% of common compound fertilizer are contained in the anti-floating seedling-slowing conditioner, the high-density mineral powder material is iron ore slag powder or hard manganese ore powder, the appropriate density is 4.0-5.5 g/cm3, the clay material is high-density inorganic clay, the appropriate viscosity index is 17-22, and the density is 2.6-2.9 g/cm 3;
(2) before the anti-floating and seedling-reviving conditioner is applied in a broadcasting way, the water in the seedling bed is drained, and the application amount is 2463-3079 g/m 2; the water is rehydrated after every other day, and the watering depth can be enough to submerge the edge of the seedling tray, so that the anti-floating agent is promoted to be uniformly diffused in the seedling tray.
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