CN114557168B - Composite seed capsule for rapidly forming plant community and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of equipment or methods for testing or treating seeds, rhizomes or analogues before sowing or planting, and discloses a composite seed capsule for quickly forming plant communities and a preparation method thereof, which are used for recovering vegetations in arid or semi-arid areas where the vegetations are damaged; comprises a degradable capsule shell, and a mixed seed and a coating agent which are mixed and filled in the capsule shell; the coating agent comprises a plant growth regulator and a water-retaining agent for improving the drought resistance of the plant and a fertilizer for promoting the growth of the plant; the mixed seed comprises the seeds of the various plants in the plant community to be formed. According to the invention, the seeds are mixed in advance according to the proportion and then filled into the capsule shell, and each capsule is filled with the seeds mixed according to the set proportion, so that the vegetation with high diversity, richness and uniformity can be ensured to be formed; the capsules are uniform in size and complete in appearance, and seeding is convenient; and the drought resistance of the plants is obviously improved by filling a coating agent in the capsules.

Description

Composite seed capsule for rapidly forming plant community and preparation method thereof

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of equipment or methods for testing or treating seeds, rhizomes or the like before sowing or planting, in particular to a composite seed capsule for quickly forming a plant community and a preparation method thereof.

Background

In the production and living activities carried out in the field, local vegetation is often required to be removed, a large number of bare lands are left after the production and living activities are finished, the bare lands need to be subjected to vegetation restoration, otherwise, a series of serious ecological problems such as water loss and soil erosion are caused.

Typical open areas include slopes from roads, bridges, and water works, and extra soil slopes from the mounds on the mine face after mining. The existing artificial water and soil conservation equipment is generally expensive and cannot exist for a long time, and the artificial water and soil conservation equipment can effectively and economically play a role in water and soil conservation for a long time and is still vegetation. However, the naked land does not have naturally-produced plant seeds, and the planting efficiency is too low and the uncertainty is too strong due to the carrying of wild animals, so that the artificial supplement is necessary.

Vegetation restoration requires the formation of vegetation that does not contain only a single plant, as in a crop or lawn, but rather functional vegetation that contains multiple interrelated plants, occupies a single niche, and is associated with a variety of different animals and fungi. The vegetation of a single plant not only has extremely poor stability and can not separate from the care of human beings and independently exist, but also has poor water and soil conservation effect.

At present, the vegetation recovery mainly adopts a mode of artificial sowing after mixing various plant seeds. In this way, even if the seeds are uniformly mixed and sown, the same plant is often intensively distributed during sowing (both broadcasting and machine sowing), so that the vegetation is formed, which is not vegetation containing multiple plants, but instead the vegetation is formed by piecing together small blocks containing a single plant, and the stability is poor.

In addition, the existing vegetation recovery mode of sowing naked seeds has unsatisfactory germination rate and survival rate, and multiple rounds of reseeding are often needed. Taking the Chenopodium album Hance as an example, because the Chenopodium album Hance sprouts first and then roots, the problem that the root system is withered because the root system cannot reach the deep soil easily in the follow-up process after the Chenopodium album Hance sprouts due to a small amount of rainfall.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a composite seed capsule for quickly forming a plant community and a preparation method thereof.

The technical problem to be solved is that: when the bare seeds are sown for vegetation restoration, uniform vegetation is difficult to form, and the germination rate and the survival rate are low.

In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a composite seed capsule for rapidly forming plant communities is used for carrying out vegetation recovery in arid or semi-arid regions with damaged vegetation; comprises a degradable capsule shell, and a mixed seed and a coating agent which are mixed and filled in the capsule shell;

the coating agent comprises a plant growth regulator and a water-retaining agent for improving the drought resistance of the plant and a fertilizer for promoting the growth of the plant;

the mixed seed comprises seeds of the various plants in the plant community to be formed.

Further, the mixed seed includes seeds of the original vegetation in the area where the vegetation is destroyed, and the ratio of the number of the various seeds in the same capsule is the same as the ratio of the number of the various plants in the original vegetation.

Further, the mixed seed is a seed of a dominant species of a herbaceous layer in the original vegetation in an area where the vegetation is damaged.

Further, the mixed seeds comprise pioneer plant seeds for rapidly increasing vegetation coverage, perennial plant seeds for consolidating the restoration effect, and nitrogen fixation plant seeds for improving soil, and do not comprise seeds of plants which can generate secretion which influences the growth of other plants.

Further, the plant growth regulator is gibberellin, and the mass fraction of the gibberellin in the coating agent is 0.03-0.05%.

Further, the capsule shell is a corn starch capsule shell.

Further, the mass fraction of the water-retaining agent in the coating agent is not more than 10%.

Furthermore, the coating agent also comprises a filling agent for adjusting the content of various components in the coating agent and assisting the filling process of the capsule, and the filling agent is prepared by mixing attapulgite and talcum powder according to the mass ratio of 2.

Further, the fertilizer is a powdery organic fertilizer and comprises decomposed sheep manure, bone meal, cake fertilizer, rice hull charcoal and sesame cake fertilizer which are in the same mass ratio, and the mixed seeds are a seed mixture of Chenopodium fog, xingan insect seeds, large crabgrass, alfalfa, salsola collina and green bristlegrass.

A method for preparing a composite seed capsule for rapid plant colony formation, which is used for producing the composite seed capsule for rapid plant colony formation and comprises the following steps:

the method comprises the following steps: mixing various seeds according to the quantity proportion of the seeds in the mixed seeds to obtain mixed seeds, and simultaneously mixing the powder of various raw materials for forming the coating agent according to the mass fraction of the powder in the coating agent to obtain the coating agent;

step two: mixing the coating agent and the mixed seeds by a capsule filling machine according to the ratio of 2:1 into the capsule shell.

Compared with the prior art, the composite seed capsule for rapidly forming plant communities and the preparation method thereof have the following beneficial effects:

according to the invention, the seeds are pre-mixed according to a proportion and then filled into the capsule shells, and each capsule is the seeds mixed according to a set proportion, so that compared with the sowing after the mixing of naked seeds, the problem that the same plant is intensively distributed due to different specific gravities of the mixed seeds can not occur during the sowing, and the vegetation with high diversity, richness and uniformity can be ensured to be formed;

in the invention, the gibberellin is used for regulating the seed germination, so that a plurality of positive biochemical indexes during the seed germination are improved, the growth rate of roots and buds is regulated, the problem that the plant is very high but the root system does not touch the deep part of soil is avoided, the drought resistance of the plant is obviously improved, and the coating agent also contains a water-retaining agent, so that the drought resistance of the plant is further improved; the coating agent also contains organic fertilizer, thereby improving the soil around the plants and promoting the growth of the plants;

according to the invention, the capsule seeds do not need to be mixed in proportion on site, so that the work flow of on-site sowing is reduced; the capsules are uniform in size and complete in appearance, and various sowing modes including broadcast sowing and deep sowing of a sowing machine are allowed to be adopted for sowing;

in the invention, the capsule plays a role in protecting the seeds and the coating agent, not only can the seeds not be scattered in the transportation and storage process, but also can be cracked and germinated only when enough water is contained in the soil, and the seeds which are germinated first and then rooted, such as Chenopodium foenum graecum L, can be prevented from being prematurely germinated and dying when the water content is insufficient.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a Simpson diversity index (positive index) of a cell in a capsule seed test of different formulations, wherein the ordinate of the graph is the Simpson diversity index;

FIG. 2 is a plot of the Shannon-Wiener diversity index (positive index) in the seed test cell of the capsule with different formulations, and the ordinate in the plot is the Shannon-Wiener diversity index;

FIG. 3 is Margalef abundance index (positive index) of a test cell of different formulation capsule seeds, wherein the ordinate is the Margalef abundance index;

FIG. 4 is a Pielou uniformity index (positive index) for a cell of a capsule seed test of different formulations, with the Pielou uniformity index on the ordinate;

FIG. 5 is a graph of the effect of different gibberellin content coating agents on plant soluble sugar content (positive indicator) under drought stress;

FIG. 6 is a graph showing the effect of coating agents of different gibberellin content on the MDA content of plants under drought stress (negative indicators, high indicating that plant cells are severely damaged);

FIG. 7 is a graph of the effect of different gibberellin content coating agents on the POD content (positive indicator) of plants under drought stress;

FIG. 8 is a graph showing the effect of coating agents with different gibberellin contents on CAT activity values (positive indicators) of plants under drought stress.

Detailed Description

A composite seed capsule for rapidly forming plant communities is used for carrying out vegetation recovery in arid or semi-arid regions with damaged vegetation; comprises a degradable capsule shell, and a mixed seed and a coating agent which are mixed and filled in the capsule shell;

generally, a common medicinal capsule shell can meet the requirement, an enteric capsule shell is not needed, and the capsule shell is expensive and too slow in dissolution, so that germination can be influenced to a certain extent. The capsule shell can be coated with a layer of insect repellent and mouse repellent to further protect the seeds from damage by insects and mice.

The coating agent comprises a plant growth regulator and a water-retaining agent for improving the drought resistance of plants and a fertilizer for promoting the growth of plants; the plant growth regulator ensures that the growth of roots is faster than that of buds mainly by regulating the growth rate of the roots and the buds, thereby playing the role of drought resistance.

The mixed seed comprises the seeds of the various plants in the plant community to be formed. That is to say how many plants are included in the plant community to be formed, the corresponding seeds are included in the capsule and the proportion of the number of the various seeds is the same as the proportion of the number of the various plants in the plant community to be formed. Generally, the germination rates of seeds of most plants are not very different, and at most, are about 20%. However, if the germination rates of the seeds are significantly different from those of other plants, the ratio of the number of the seeds is divided by the respective germination rates.

In general, vegetation restoration is desired to be restored as it is in the damaged area, and therefore, the mixed seeds include seeds of the original vegetation in the area where the vegetation is damaged, and the ratio of the number of the various seeds in the same capsule is the same as the ratio of the number of the various plants in the original vegetation. If it is desired to restore the vegetation to a non-native appearance, a deep investigation must be performed to ensure that the restored vegetation is stable without disturbing the local environment or causing species invasion.

In order to simplify the operation and facilitate the practical implementation, the mixed seeds are seeds of dominant species of the herbaceous layer in the original vegetation of the vegetation-damaged area, rather than all the seeds of the plants need to be included. In practice, we find that the vegetation effect formed by the method is almost the same as that of the vegetation exhausted from all plants.

A method for preparing a composite seed capsule for rapid plant colony formation, which is used for producing the composite seed capsule for rapid plant colony formation and comprises the following steps:

the method comprises the following steps: mixing various seeds according to the quantity proportion of the seeds in the mixed seeds to obtain mixed seeds, and simultaneously mixing the powder of various raw materials for forming the coating agent according to the mass fraction of the powder in the coating agent to obtain the coating agent;

step two: mixing the coating agent and the mixed seeds by a capsule filling machine according to the ratio of 2:1 into the capsule shell.

In this embodiment, the capsule shell is a corn starch capsule shell, which can ensure that the capsule is broken under a suitable degree of precipitation or soil moisture, and is cheaper than a gelatin capsule shell, and the softening and dissolving time is as follows:

TABLE 1 dissolution time of corn starch capsules

In this embodiment, the mixed seeds are a mixture of chenopodium foenum-graecum, chenopodium album linn, large crabgrass, alfalfa, salsola collina, and setaria viridis seeds in a mass ratio. Pioneer plant seeds for quickly improving the vegetation coverage area, perennial plant seeds for consolidating the restoration effect and nitrogen fixation plant seeds for improving the soil are included, secretion generated by various plants cannot inhibit the growth of other plants, and the plants are local species, are non-toxic, non-thorn and free of peculiar smell, and can be used as pasture for livestock to eat.

In the embodiment, the plant growth regulator is gibberellin, the water-retaining agent is a 'Hankeshu' water-retaining agent, and the fertilizer is a powdery organic fertilizer and comprises decomposed sheep manure, bone meal, cake fertilizer, rice hull charcoal and sesame cake fertilizer in the same mass ratio. The coating agent also comprises a filling agent for adjusting the content of various components in the coating agent and assisting the filling process of the capsule, and the filling agent is prepared by mixing attapulgite and talcum powder according to the mass ratio of 2.

In order to obtain the optimal content of the water-retaining agent and verify the advantages of the invention compared with naked seeds, the preparation method and the raw materials are adopted to prepare capsules with different formulas, and a CK group is arranged, namely the naked seeds without capsules and coating agents, and the formula is as follows:

TABLE 2 different capsule seed formulations

The capsule seeds are used for sowing on a restoration slope surface of a Wulat's flag mine, 4 test cells (each cell is 1.25m multiplied by 20 m) are longitudinally arranged along the slope surface, three different formulas and one control are included, and 1000 capsule seeds are sowed in each test cell. The sowing time is 2021 year and 6 months. And 3 sampling parties are selected for vegetation data collection in each test cell in 8 months in 2021.

The diversity of plant communities is indicative of a measure of the structural and functional complexity of a community. As can be seen from FIGS. 1-4, the plant community Simpson diversity index, shannon-Wiener diversity index and Margalef abundance index of the capsule seed test cell are all higher than the control, with the highest test cell for formulation 1, the next highest test cell for formulation 2 and the lowest test cell for formulation 3. The Pielou homogeneity index, formulation 3 test cell is lowest, lower than the control cell, formulation 1 test cell is highest. The uniformity of the individuals in the community of test cells of formula 1 was the highest. The result shows that compared with naked seeds, the capsule seeds of the formula 1 can improve the species diversity and uniformity of communities under the field condition, and improve the speed and efficiency of vegetation restoration. The mass fraction of the water retention agent in the coating agent is not more than 10%.

We also found Gordon indices for different test cell groups in the first year, with the results as follows:

TABLE 3 stability results for the community groups of different formulations of capsule seeds

The larger the Euclidean distance in the table, the more unstable the plant population. The results show that in the early stage of slow succession of the community, the vegetation formed by the capsule seeds is more stable than the vegetation formed by the naked seeds, and the advantages of the vegetation formed by the subsequent capsule seeds are further expanded along with the continuation of the succession of the community.

In order to obtain the optimal content of gibberellin and verify the effect of gibberellin on improving drought resistance, another batch of capsule seeds are prepared, in order to eliminate interference of other factors, the coating agent only contains a filling agent and gibberellin, the content of the gibberellin in the coating agent is respectively 200mg/kg, 400mg/kg, 600mg/kg and 800mg/kg, 5 Chenopodium foenum-graecum seeds are filled in each capsule, the CK group is also naked seeds without capsules and the coating agent, and the filling agent with the gibberellin is added in an amount which is twice the volume of the CK group. The capsule seeds were sown in pots 20cm deep and placed in a greenhouse. After the seeds germinated for one month, 20% PEG solution was added to the pots to simulate drought stress, and samples were collected 3 days after the stress. As shown in FIGS. 5-8, the content of MDA in the gibberellin-added capsule seeds was lower than that in the control, and when the content of gibberellin was 400mg/kg, the MDA content was the lowest. The soluble sugar content, POD content and CAT activity of the capsule seeds added with gibberellin are higher than those of the control. Wherein, when the gibberellin content is 400mg/kg, the soluble sugar content, POD content and CAT activity value are the highest. The results show that the capsule seeds added with gibberellin can promote the plants to have stronger drought resistance compared with naked seeds, and the plant has the strongest drought resistance when the gibberellin content is 400mg/kg, namely 0.04 percent by weight. In actual formulation, the gibberellin content of the coating agent may be 0.03-0.05% by weight, according to previous experience.

The above-mentioned embodiments are merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements of the technical solution of the present invention by those skilled in the art should fall within the protection scope defined by the claims of the present invention without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

Claims (4)

1. A composite seed capsule for rapidly forming plant communities is used for carrying out vegetation recovery in arid or semi-arid regions with damaged vegetation; the method is characterized in that: comprises a degradable capsule shell, and a mixed seed and a coating agent which are mixed and filled in the capsule shell;

the coating agent comprises a plant growth regulator and a water-retaining agent for improving the drought resistance of the plant and a fertilizer for promoting the growth of the plant;

the plant growth regulator is gibberellin, and the mass fraction of the gibberellin in the coating agent is 0.03-0.05%;

the mass fraction of the water-retaining agent in the coating agent is not more than 10 percent;

the fertilizer is a powdery organic fertilizer and comprises decomposed sheep manure, bone meal, cake fertilizer, rice hull charcoal and sesame cake fertilizer which are in the same mass ratio, and the mixed seeds are equal mass ratio mixtures of seeds of Chenopodium foenum-graecum, xingan Chinese caterpillar fungus, crab grass, alfalfa, salsola collina and green bristlegrass.

2. The composite seed capsule for rapid plant colony formation according to claim 1, wherein: the capsule shell is a corn starch capsule shell.

3. The composite seed capsule for rapid plant colony formation according to claim 1, wherein: the coating agent also comprises a filling agent for adjusting the content of various components in the coating agent and assisting the filling process of the capsule, wherein the filling agent is prepared by mixing attapulgite and talcum powder according to the mass ratio of 2.

4. A preparation method of a composite seed capsule for rapidly forming plant communities is characterized by comprising the following steps: a method for producing a composite seed capsule for rapid plant colony formation according to claim 1, comprising the steps of:

the method comprises the following steps: mixing various seeds according to the quantity proportion of the seeds in the mixed seeds to obtain mixed seeds, and simultaneously mixing the powder of various raw materials for forming the coating agent according to the mass fraction of the powder in the coating agent to obtain the coating agent;

step two: and (3) mixing the coating agent and the mixed seeds by using a capsule filling machine according to the ratio of 2:1 into the capsule shell.

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