CN114531992A

CN114531992A - Reclamation method for preventing and controlling water and soil loss of side slope of waste dump

Info

Publication number: CN114531992A
Application number: CN202210158420.7A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 张毅辉; 周建强; 申艳梅; 刘金锁; 牛若恺
Original assignee: Inner Mongolia Taiwei Ecological Technology Co ltd
Current assignee: Inner Mongolia Taiwei Ecological Technology Co ltd
Priority date: 2022-02-21
Filing date: 2022-02-21
Publication date: 2022-05-27

Abstract

The utility model provides a reclamation method for preventing and controlling water and soil loss of a side slope of a waste dump, which mainly comprises the steps of carrying out plot arrangement on the side slope of the waste dump, manufacturing an ecological rod, paving the ecological rod according to a zigzag structure, sowing grass seeds on the side slope of the waste dump and regularly sprinkling the grass seeds. According to the method for preventing and treating the water and soil loss of the side slope of the refuse dump, the ecological rods are laid on the surface of the side slope according to the zigzag structure, the structure is simple, the water flow speed can be effectively slowed down, and the water and soil loss is avoided; the ecological rod manufactured by the utility model contains grass seeds, has a water locking function, can germinate after being watered, is integrated with slope plants, and not only maintains water and soil, but also ensures the overall landscape effect.

Description

Reclamation method for preventing and controlling water and soil loss of side slope of waste dump

Technical Field

The utility model relates to a reclamation method for preventing and controlling water and soil loss of a side slope of a waste dump, and belongs to the field of ecological restoration of the side slope of a grassland mine waste dump.

Background

The refuse dump is also called a waste rock dump, and refers to a place for intensively discharging mine mining wastes. The refuse dump is a huge artificial loose accumulation body and has serious safety problems. The instability of the dump will cause mine dump disasters and major engineering accidents, especially in rainy season, not only affect the normal production of the mine, but also cause the mine to suffer huge economic losses. Therefore, preventing soil erosion and water loss in dumps has become an increasingly serious safety issue.

In the mine restoration project, the traditional engineering protection is no longer suitable, and the restoration of the mine ecological environment through vegetation reconstruction becomes a main means for mine ecological restoration. The current chinese utility model patent that publication number is CN209114486U discloses an ecological stick slope protection structure, including the side slope, still including evenly setting up the ecological stick on the side slope surface, ecological stick is filled with vegetation matrix and plant seed, cross arrangement between the adjacent ecological stick, and the fixed fixing device that is provided with in crosspoint of adjacent ecological stick, and the both ends of ecological stick are fixed respectively and are set up at the upside edge and the downside edge of side slope. This technical scheme has utilized the cross arrangement form between the ecological stick, easily can solve current ecological stick slope protection structure and easily cause the silt that the top erodeed to be piled up difficult problem in ecological stick department, but it is big to consume the raw materials in the production practice process, and the cost of labor is higher, and this structure is often used for in the municipal works construction, influences the appearance of the market.

The chinese utility model patent of CN214460492U discloses a side slope water storage and drainage structure of a refuse dump, which comprises a side slope, a water guiding gutter and a reservoir, wherein the water guiding gutter is arranged on the side slope, and the reservoir is arranged on the water guiding gutter; a pebble layer, a coarse sand layer, a medium sand layer, a fine sand layer and a clay tamping layer are sequentially arranged inside the water guiding ditch and the reservoir from inside to outside along the inner wall; the inside of the reservoir is also provided with hydraulic non-woven fabrics along the inner wall; the water guiding ditch is used for gathering the rainwater on the surface of the side slope to the water storage tank and discharging the residual water overflowing from the upper edge of the water storage tank to the toe. This technical scheme engineering volume is huge, very big destruction soil structure, and easily lead to soil and water to run off along the direction of major-minor ditch under the condition that meets the torrential rain, and then form huge vertical water sluiceway, rainwater and flow through domatic entering slope bottom and form ponding depression, greatly increased the degree of difficulty of dump side slope reclamation. Therefore, in order to respond to the national requirements of energy conservation and environmental protection, a more effective novel method for treating the water and soil loss of the side slope of the waste dump needs to be continuously searched while controlling the cost and ensuring the treatment quality.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the utility model provides a low-cost, high-efficiency and easy-to-operate reclamation method for preventing and controlling the water and soil loss of the side slope of the waste dump.

In order to achieve the purpose, the utility model provides the following technical scheme:

a reclamation method for preventing and controlling water and soil loss of a side slope of a waste dump comprises the following steps:

land parcel arrangement: removing the broken stones on the surface of the side slope (1) of the waste dump, ploughing and spreading base fertilizer;

laying an ecological rod: fixing an ecological rod (7) on the side slope (1) of the waste dump, lightly scattering surface soil on the upstream surface of the ecological rod, filling and compacting soil at the seam of the downstream surface of the ecological rod, wherein the compaction degree is 75-80%, and the ecological rod (7) is used for preventing water and soil loss caused by rainwater washing the surface of the side slope (1) of the waste dump;

sowing: planting plants (3) on the surface of the side slope (1) of the refuse dump, wherein the plants can be selected from grass seeds or nursery stocks, the sowing mode of the grass seeds is scatter sowing, and the sowing mode of the nursery stocks is machine dibbling;

watering and maintaining: the sprinkling irrigation device (4) is arranged on the top of the dump side slope (1), and the sprinkling irrigation device (4) can sprinkle the dump side slope (1) from top to bottom.

Further, according to the reclamation method for preventing and controlling the water and soil loss of the side slope of the waste dump, the ratio of the vertical height to the horizontal width of the side slope (1) of the waste dump is preferably 1: 1.2-1: 1.3.

further, the reclamation method for preventing and treating the water and soil loss of the side slope of the waste dump comprises the steps of simply turning over the slope, turning over 15-20 cm for the planted nursery stocks, 5-10 cm for sowing grass seeds, spreading base fertilizer after turning over, and simply leveling the positions of the reserved ecological rods.

Further, the reclamation method for preventing and controlling the water and soil loss of the side slope of the waste dump comprises the following steps of:

s101, selecting a cylindrical ecological bag, wherein the ecological bag is made of polyester fiber filament fiber materials, the body length is 50-100 cm, and the diameter is 20-30 cm;

s102, according to soil: organic fertilizer: and (3) the grass seeds are 4000-5000: 80-120: 3-5, uniformly stirring and filling the mixture into a cylindrical ecological bag, wherein the pH value of the soil in the bag body is 6.5-7.5, and the filling rate of the ecological bag is 80-85%;

s103, inserting a plurality of holes in the periphery of the filled cylindrical ecological bag to obtain the ecological rod (7).

Further, in the process of preparing the ecological bar (7), the grass seeds can be prepared according to the following steps of the gramineous plant: leguminous plants: the Compositae plant is 13: 6: 1, the gramineae plants are selected from one or more of elymus nutans, bromus formosanus, leymus chinensis, wheatgrass and lolium brevicaulis, the leguminous plants are selected from one or more of alfalfa, sweet clover, lespedeza bicolor and sheep firewood, and the compositae plants are selected from one or more of coreopsis tinctoria and chrysanthemum sulphureum.

Further, in the process of laying the ecological rod (7), the laying method of the ecological rod (7) comprises the following steps:

s201, sequentially paving ecological rods (7) on the top of the dump side slope (1), connecting the ecological rods (7) through ecological rod connecting buckles (6) to form a first layer of ecological rod enclosure, wherein the ecological rods (7) are transversely placed on the slope surface of the dump side slope (1), and the slope of the ecological rod enclosure (2) and the horizontal ground is 2/1000-3/1000;

s202, laying a second layer of ecological rod enclosure in a downward reverse direction at a position 0.5-1.2 m away from the bottom end of the first layer of ecological rod enclosure, wherein the horizontal distance from the top end of the second layer of ecological rod enclosure to the bottom end of the first layer of ecological rod enclosure is 80-150 cm, and the slope of the second layer of ecological rod enclosure is the same as that of the first layer of ecological rod enclosure;

s203, according to the steps S201-S202, sequentially paving ecological rods (7) till the bottom of the side slope (1) of the waste dump.

Furthermore, in the reclamation method for preventing and controlling the water and soil loss of the side slope of the waste dump, the tail end of each layer of ecological rod enclosure (2) is provided with a gap of 50-200 cm, so that water flows into the next layer of high position after flowing from the high position side to the low position side, repeatedly and alternately takes a shape of a Chinese character 'ji', and finally flows into the slope bottom of the side slope (1) of the waste dump.

Furthermore, according to the reclamation method for preventing and controlling the water and soil loss of the side slope of the waste dump, each person can simultaneously place 2 ecological rods (7) according to the placement positions, the ecological rods are connected through the ecological rod connecting buckles (6) and then fixed to the slope surface, and all the ecological rods (7) are connected and fixed to the slope surface in the same way.

Furthermore, in the reclamation method for preventing and controlling the water and soil loss of the side slope of the waste dump, the ecological rod (7) is fixed in a way of long nail fixing and/or iron wire hook fixing in the laying process,

wherein, the fixed mode of spike does: the long nails (8) penetrate through the two ends and the middle point of the ecological rod (7) respectively, and the depth of penetrating into the ground is 20-30 cm;

the iron wire hook fixing mode is as follows: the method comprises the steps of taking an iron wire with the length of 100-120 cm, enabling one end of the iron wire to be arranged in parallel along the direction of an ecological rod (7), enabling the other end of the iron wire to penetrate into the ground after winding the ecological rod (7) for a circle, and penetrating a second iron wire hook and a third iron wire hook (9) into the ecological rod (7) according to the left and right alternate sequence, wherein the connection part of one end of the iron wire and the other end of the iron wire is bent to form the iron wire hook, and the length of one end of the iron wire is 20-25 cm.

Furthermore, in the reclamation method for preventing and controlling the water and soil loss of the side slope of the waste dump, the sprinkling irrigation devices (4) are thin spray heads in the watering and maintaining processes, the interval between the thin spray heads is 10-15 m, the lift of the thin spray heads is 15-20 m, the size of water drops is good for not impacting the soil surface and keeping the soil surface flat, and the bottom of the slope at the farthest position can be irrigated by water which slowly flows down from top to bottom.

By combining the technical scheme, the utility model has the beneficial effects that:

(1) the utility model can effectively reduce the flow velocity of water flow from top to bottom on the slope surface of the refuse dump, and the water flow velocity is reduced by adopting the inverted Y-shaped arrangement of the ecological rods, thereby being beneficial to avoiding water and soil loss.

(2) The utility model can ensure that the side slope of the waste dump drains water smoothly in rainy season and reduce water and soil loss, and meanwhile, the ecological rod has a water locking function in dry season and can effectively store rainwater or artificial watering.

(3) The grass seeds filled in the ecological rod can pierce the ecological rod to emerge after watering for a period of time, and are finally integrated with surrounding plants, so that the overall landscape effect is ensured. The plant can generate the effect of intercepting after growing well, and the root system can play the role of consolidating the soil, thereby finally achieving the considerable effect of keeping water and soil.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.

Fig. 1 is a schematic view of ecological restoration and soil and water conservation of a side slope of a refuse dump according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a refuse dump slope according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a top view of the connection between ecological rods according to the embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a top view of the ground-anchored ecological bar provided by the embodiment of the present invention;

in the figure: 1-a refuse dump slope; 2-surrounding the ecological rod; 3-planting plants; 4-a sprinkling irrigation device; 5-the back surface of the ecological rod; 6-ecological bar connecting buckle; 7-ecological rod; 8-long nail; 9-iron wire hook.

Detailed Description

The following detailed description of embodiments of the utility model is provided in connection with the accompanying drawings and the examples. The following examples are intended to illustrate the utility model and are not intended to limit the scope of the utility model.

Before construction, the slope of the waste dump is simply treated, surface broken stones are removed, the planting area is simply ploughed, and the ploughing depth is 10 cm; after ploughing, the positions of the reserved ecological bars are simply leveled after the base fertilizer is selectively spread.

A cylindrical ecological bag with a bag body length of 80cm and a diameter of 20cm is selected, and the cylindrical ecological bag is made of polyester fiber filament fiber materials. Uniformly mixing grass seeds on the slope surface in a cylindrical ecological bag according to the following proportion: leguminous: the feverfew is 13: 6: 1, the gramineae plants are selected from Elymus nutans, bromus formosanus, leymus chinensis, wheatgrass and barley grass, the leguminous plants are selected from alfalfa, sweet clover, lespedeza bicolor and sheep firewood, and the compositae plants are selected from coreopsis tinctoria and flos chrysanthemi sulphurifolii. The specific gravity of soil, organic fertilizer and grass seeds filled in the bag is (4000-5000): (80-120): (3-5), the pH value of the soil in the bag body is 6.5, the organic fertilizer is cured sheep manure, the filling efficiency is improved by using a bagging machine and a sealing machine during bagging, and the operating personnel respectively carry out from the bottom of the slope and the top of the slope to the middle of the slope so as to improve the working efficiency. The filling rate of the ecological bag is 80-85%, and the ecological rod can be obtained by inserting a plurality of holes around the ecological bag by using toothpicks.

A plurality of ecological rods are transversely placed on the slope surface from the top of the slope, and a layer of ecological rod enclosure is formed after the ecological rods are fixedly connected by using a connecting device and is 3/1000 gradient with the horizontal ground. And laying the next layer of ecological rod enclosure downwards, wherein the included angle formed between the adjacent two layers and the horizontal plane is opposite in direction, so that the vertical interval between the tail end of the lower position of the upper layer and the top end of the high position of the lower layer is 0.5-1.2 m, and the horizontal interval is 80-150 cm. And arranging the materials according to the rule until the slope bottom. A notch of 50-200 cm is arranged at the tail end of the lower position of each layer of ecological rod enclosure, so that water flows into the next layer of high position after flowing from the high position side to the low position side, repeatedly and alternately takes a zigzag shape, and finally flows into the slope bottom.

Every people puts 2 ecological sticks to the assigned position simultaneously at every turn and uses spike, iron wire crotch to fix ecological stick to domatic after the connector link is fixed, and every ecological stick should have 3 groups spike or iron wire crotch to fix respectively in ecological stick both ends and 3 departments in the mid point. The iron wire length that uses when the iron wire crotch is fixed is 100 ~ 120cm, with iron wire one end 20 ~ 25cm department along ecological stick parallel arrangement, the iron wire other end pierces into ground after winding ecological stick a week, pierces the second and third iron wire crotch according to left and right sides alternating order to analogize and connect and be fixed in domatic with all ecological sticks.

Soil is filled from the two sides of the upstream surface and the back surface of the ecological rod, a layer of soil is shoveled on one side of the upstream surface by a shovel and is arranged on one side of the upstream surface, soil is preferably slightly blocked in gaps of the upstream surface, soil is not excessively scattered, and rainwater is easily caused to directly flow down after directly submerging the ecological rod. The seam of the back water surface is mainly filled with soil and compacted, and the compaction degree is 75-80%.

Mixing grass seeds or planting seedlings according to the actual needs in proportion, and sowing the grass seeds on the side slope of the refuse dump in a broadcast sowing mode.

The sprinkling irrigation device is arranged on the top slope of the refuse dump every 15m, the sprinkling irrigation device adopts a thin spray nozzle, the size of water drops is better to keep the soil surface smooth without impacting the soil surface, and the lift of the spray nozzle is 15 m. Irrigation at the bottom of the farthest slope can be supplemented by water which slowly flows downwards from top to bottom. After a period of time, the grass seeds in the ecological bar can be integrated with surrounding plants after emergence of seedlings, and the landscape effect is guaranteed. The method has the advantages of convenience, rapidness, cost saving, uniform watering and large coverage area

And (3) analysis: after the utility model is adopted for half a year, the water and soil loss of the slope surface of the refuse dump is obviously reduced, and only slight water flushing traces are generated at the water flow position above the ecological rod. In addition, the utility model has good reclamation effect, the ecological bar array can not be seen directly at a distance, the ecological bar and surrounding plants are completely integrated, the vegetation coverage rate is over 80 percent, and a large number of plants mainly belonging to the gramineae family grow above the ecological bar.

What is not described in detail in this specification is prior art to the knowledge of those skilled in the art. The foregoing embodiments are provided to enable others to make appropriate changes without departing from the spirit and scope of the utility model, and all such changes are intended to be covered by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A reclamation method for preventing and controlling water and soil loss of a side slope of a waste dump is characterized by comprising the following steps:

land block arrangement: cleaning the side slope (1) of the refuse dump, ploughing and spreading base fertilizer;

laying an ecological rod: fixing an ecological rod (7) on the side slope (1) of the waste dump, lightly scattering surface soil on the upstream surface of the ecological rod (7), filling soil at the joint of the back water surface (5) of the ecological rod (7) and compacting, wherein the compaction degree is 75-80%, and the ecological rod (7) is used for preventing water and soil loss;

sowing: planting plants (3) on the side slope (1) of the refuse dump, wherein the plants comprise grass seeds or seedlings, the sowing mode of the grass seeds is scatter sowing, and the sowing mode of the seedlings is machine dibbling;

watering and maintaining: the irrigation device (4) is installed at the top of the waste dump side slope (1), and the irrigation device (4) is used for carrying out irrigation on the waste dump side slope (1) from top to bottom.

2. The reclamation method for controlling the water and soil loss of the side slope of the waste dump according to claim 1, wherein the ratio of the vertical height to the horizontal width of the side slope (1) of the waste dump is 1: 1.2-1: 1.3.

3. the reclamation method for preventing and treating the water and soil loss of the side slope of the waste dump according to claim 1, wherein the ploughing depth is 5-20 cm in the land block arrangement process.

4. The reclamation method for controlling the water and soil loss of the side slopes of the waste dump according to claim 1, wherein the preparation method of the ecological rod (7) comprises the following steps in the process of laying the ecological rod:

s101, selecting a cylindrical ecological bag, wherein the bag body of the cylindrical ecological bag is 50-100 cm in length and 20-30 cm in diameter;

the cylindrical ecological bag is made of polyester fiber filament fiber materials;

s102, according to soil: organic fertilizer: the grass seeds are 4000-5000: 80-120: 3-5, and filling the mixture into the cylindrical ecological bag after uniformly stirring, wherein the pH value of the soil in the bag body is 6.5-7.5, and the filling rate of the ecological bag is 80-85%;

s103, bundling a plurality of air holes in the filled cylindrical ecological bag to obtain the ecological rod (7).

5. The reclamation method for controlling the water and soil loss of the side slope of the waste dump as claimed in claim 4, wherein the grass seeds consist of gramineae, leguminous plants and compositae plants in a ratio of 13: 6: 1.

6. the reclamation method for controlling soil and water loss of the side slope of the waste dump as claimed in claim 5, wherein the gramineae plants comprise one or more of elymus nutans, bromus formosanus, leymus chinensis, wheatgrass and lolium brevicaulis, the leguminous plants comprise one or more of alfalfa, sweet clover, lespedeza bicolor and sheep firewood, and the compositae plants comprise one or more of coreopsis and flos chrysanthemi.

7. The reclamation method for controlling the soil erosion of the side slopes of the waste dump according to claim 1, wherein in the process of laying the ecological bars (7), the laying method of the ecological bars (7) comprises the following steps:

s201, sequentially laying the ecological rods (7) at the top of the refuse dump side slope (1), connecting the ecological rods (7) through ecological rod connecting buckles (6) to form a first layer of ecological rod enclosure, wherein the ecological rods (7) are transversely placed on the slope surface of the refuse dump side slope (1), and the slope of the ecological rod enclosure (2) and the horizontal ground is 2/1000-3/1000;

s202, laying a second layer of ecological rod enclosure at a position 0.5-1.2 m away from the bottom end of the first layer of ecological rod enclosure in a downward reverse direction, wherein the horizontal distance from the top end of the second layer of ecological rod enclosure to the bottom end of the first layer of ecological rod enclosure is 80-150 cm, and the second layer of ecological rod enclosure and the first layer of ecological rod enclosure have the same gradient;

s203, according to the steps S201-S202, sequentially paving the ecological rods (7) until the slope bottom of the side slope (1) of the refuse dump.

8. The reclamation method for preventing and treating the water and soil loss of the side slope of the waste dump as claimed in claim 1, wherein a gap of 50-200 cm is arranged at the tail end of each layer of the ecological rod enclosure (2).

9. The reclamation method for controlling the water and soil loss of the side slopes of the waste dump according to claim 1, wherein the ecological bars (7) are fixed by means of spike fixation and/or wire hook fixation during the laying process,

wherein, the fixed mode of spike does: respectively penetrating the spikes (8) through two ends and the middle point of the ecological rod (7), wherein the depth of penetrating the spikes into the ground is 20-30 cm;

the iron wire hook fixing mode is as follows: the method comprises the following steps of taking an iron wire with the length of 100-120 cm, arranging one end of the iron wire in parallel along the direction of an ecological rod (7), enabling the other end of the iron wire to penetrate into the ground after winding the ecological rod (7) for a week, and penetrating a second iron wire hook (9) and a third iron wire hook (9) into the ecological rod (7) according to the left and right alternate sequence, wherein the connection part of one end of the iron wire and the other end of the iron wire is bent to form the iron wire hook, and the length of one end of the iron wire is 20-25 cm.

10. The reclamation method for preventing and controlling the water and soil loss of the side slopes of the waste dump according to claim 1, wherein in the watering and maintaining process, the sprinkling irrigation devices (4) are thin nozzles, the lift of the thin nozzles is 15-20 m, and the intervals among the sprinkling irrigation devices (4) are 10-15 m.