CN114517160A - 一种米曲霉菌株在富集硒中的应用 - Google Patents
一种米曲霉菌株在富集硒中的应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开一种米曲霉菌株A02在富集硒方面的应用,包括在培养阶段在培养基中添加无机硒,使硒元素在米曲霉菌体内高效地有机转化富集。本发明的米曲霉菌体产品可以广泛应用于畜禽及水产饲料产品中,提高硒元素的生物利用率。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于微生物和食品技术领域,涉及一种米曲霉菌株富集硒元素的应用。
背景技术
硒元素是瑞典化学家 Bezeliu 在 1817 年发现并命名。1973 年,世 界 卫 生组 织( WHO) 向 全 世 界宣布:硒是人类和动物生命中必须的微量元素,补硒可以有效预防多种疾病。硒主要以硒半胱氨酸的形式存在人体中,能有效增加谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶、硫氧还蛋白还原酶、脱碘酶等含硒酶的活性,可以增加机体防病、抗病能力,预防癌症,抵抗有害金属,抗辐射等方面的作用。硒对治疗肝炎,关节炎,白内障,出血热有显著作用,并且硒对肿瘤患者的放化疗也有显著的辅助治疗作用。硒的一个显著特征就是其营养剂量和毒性剂量之间范围很窄。近些年来,探索高生物活性和高安全性的硒源 成 为 研 究 焦 点。硒主 要 以 3 种 形 式 存在:(1)无机 硒:代 表 性 物 质 为 硒 酸 钠,亚 硒 酸 钠 和硒化氢。(2)有机硒:代表性物质为硒蛋白,还有一些利用有机化合物与无机硒作用,生成有机态硒化物,如硒氨酸。(3)单质硒。对于补硒来说,有机硒相比于无机 硒,硒 的 吸 收 利用 价 值 高,急 性 毒 性 更小,被认为是较好的硒制品,但是近年的研究表明,利用微生物还原亚硒酸钠而产生的纳米红色单质硒,比传统无机硒和有机硒更 具有高效高安全性。从生物功效来看,单质硒在体外清除羟基自由基的效率为无机硒的 5 倍,为有机硒的 2.5倍。
硒是人体必须的微量元素。缺硒会导致许多疾病的产生,严重影响人体的健康。因此,补硒越来越受到各界的重视。然而天然食品中的硒含量普遍偏低,不能满足人体对硒的需求,而无机硒毒性较高、生物利用率低,不易用于食品中,所以通过微生物合成法,研发含硒食品具有很好的应用前景。
发明内容
本发明提出了一种米曲霉在富硒方面的培养方法及应用,本发明选用米曲霉为富硒载体通过微生物转化法把无机态的亚硒酸钠转化成容易被人体吸收利用的有机硒,富含在米曲霉菌体细胞中,从而使有机硒富含在米曲霉菌体来开发富硒食品。
因此,本发明首先提供一种米曲霉(Aspergillus oryzae)菌株A02在富集硒元素中的应用,所述米曲霉菌株A02的保藏号为:CGMCC No.40043。
进而本发明提供一种微生物法富集硒元素的方法,添加无机硒元素的培养基培养保藏号为:CGMCC No.40043的米曲霉菌株A02,收集培养后得到的菌体。
优选地,培养基中添加无机硒元素是以亚硒酸钠形式添加。
更优选地,亚硒酸钠添加的浓度为0.5-3.5g/L。
进一步地,其中基本培养基为1%葡萄糖,2%蛋白胨,1%酵母粉。
具体实施方式中,培养温度为26℃~28℃,转速180~200 rpm,培养60-180h。
具体操作中,收集菌体是将培养后的培养液于12000rpm离心10min,菌体用蒸馏水洗涤次,收集的菌体用真空冷冻干燥至绝干。
本发明因而还提供所述的方法获得的米曲霉菌株A02菌体。
进一步提供所述的米曲霉菌株A02菌体在制备富硒饲用产品中的应用。具体地,米曲霉菌株A02菌体作为饲用添加剂使用。
本发明的富硒米曲霉的培养方法,使硒和米曲霉两者相辅相成,协同作用,发酵周期短,合成效率高,使生产获得的富硒米曲霉更加安全易于人体的吸收;实验中,本发明的菌体中硒含量高达30505ppm,明显优于传统的微生物转化法制备有机硒的方法(例如中国专利CN109439554B中在菌体蛋白中硒含量为16076ppm±94.1;中国专利CN110317757B中的植物乳杆菌HJ-S2的菌体蛋白中硒含量为700ppm; 中国专利申请CN109561722 A中提到的米曲霉生产富硒菌体蛋白,在菌体蛋白中硒含量为42.3ppm)。
同时米曲霉A02菌体富集的硒存在方式包括硒代氨基酸和单质硒两种方式,单质硒和有机硒均存在安全性更高,生物活性高等优势,能够广泛的运用于饲料行业、食品以及营养品产业中。
附图说明
图1米曲霉A02菌体干粉比较。
图2富硒米曲霉菌体蛋白氨基酸组成分析的色谱图。
图3扫描电镜观察米曲霉菌体表面单质硒的情况。
相关的生物材料保藏信息如下:
本发明涉及的米曲霉(Aspergillus oryzae)菌株A02保藏在中国微生物菌种保藏管理委员会普通微生物中心,其简称为CGMCC,保藏单位地址为:北京市朝阳区北辰西路1号院3号,中国科学院微生物研究所,保藏时间为:2022年1月17日,该菌株的分类命名为:米曲霉Aspergillus oryzae,保藏号编号为:CGMCC No.40043。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施例对本发明作进一步的阐述,以便更好的理解本发明,但并不构成对本发明的限制。
实施例1:米曲霉菌株A02的获得
1、原始菌株的获得
2021年05月在河北省唐山市采集腐木微生物中分离获得。
分离过程:刮取腐木微生物,放入盛有95 mL无菌水和10粒玻璃珠的三角瓶中,于30℃、180 rpm振荡30 min。取菌悬液1 mL进行10 -1 -10 -7 系列浓度梯度稀释,然后取10-5、10-6、10-7三个稀释度涂布至以木质素为唯一碳源的培养基平板上,于28℃倒置培养5d。
纯化:菌落在以木质素为唯一碳源的培养基平板形成后,选取生长最快的一株菌,挑取单菌落边缘处的菌丝于PDA培养基平板上,继续28℃恒温培养。最终获得一株米曲霉纯菌落,将获得菌落4℃保存。
对该菌株进行鉴定,其中ITS测序序列结果如下: GACGCTCGTAAGATCTTCCGTAGGTGAACCTGCGGAAGGATCATTACCGAGTGTAGGGTTCCTAGCGAGCCCAACCTCCCACCCGTGTTTACTGTACCTTAGTTGCTTCGGCGGGCCCGCCATTCATGGCCGCCGGGGGCTCTCAGCCCCGGGCCCGCGCCCGCCGGAGACACCACGAACTCTGTCTGATCTAGTGAAGTCTGAGTTGATTGTATCGCAATCAGTTAAAACTTTCAACAATGGATCTCTTGGTTCCGGCATCGATGAAGAACGCAGCGAAATGCGATAACTAGTGTGAATTGCAGAATTCCGTGAATCATCGAGTCTTTGAACGCACATTGCGCCCCCTGGTATTCCGGGGGGCATGCCTGTCCGAGCGTCATTGCTGCCCATCAAGCACGGCTTGTGTGTTGGGTCGTCGTCCCCTCTCCGGGGGGGACGGGCCCCAAAGGCAGCGGCGGCACCGCGTCCGATCCTCGAGCGTATGGGGCTTTGTCACCCGCTCTGTAGGCCCGGCCGGCGCTTGCCGAACGCAAATCAATCTTTTTCCAGGTTGACCTCGGATCAGGTAGGGATACCCGCTGAACTTAAGCATATCAATAAGCGGAGGAAATCTTCCTGTG。
结果显示,该菌的ITS序列与米曲霉RP-1菌株相似度达到100%,说明该菌株是米曲霉菌株。
2、突变菌株A02的获得
对上述获得的米曲霉菌株进行ARTP诱变及分选:
a. 诱变时间确定:采用100µl新鲜的米曲霉孢子悬液,孢子浓度为105, 诱变不同时间。当诱变设置0s,60 s,90 s,120 s,150 s的诱变时间,分别凃板统计每个诱变时间的致死率,以70%致死率为理想诱变时间(0s情况作为对照);
b.诱变后菌落孔板法评价:诱变后菌落挑入含有高浓度无机硒培养基(2% 葡萄糖+3%亚硒酸钠)的24孔板内,30℃、130 rpm培养1d,测定其OD600判断诱变后菌落生长速度。挑选能够耐硒、生长速度最快的菌株(编号A02), 将获得菌落4℃保存.
实施例2:米曲霉菌株A02的富集硒实验
1、不同无机硒浓度对米曲霉菌株A02生长的影响
米曲霉富硒培养基中亚硒酸钠的浓度选择由0.5-3.5g/L,基础培养基选择YPD(1%葡萄糖,2%蛋白胨,1%酵母粉)。
从米曲霉菌株A02的平板上洗下孢子悬液浓度107个/mL,加入富硒培养基,培养温度为26℃~28℃,转速180~200 rpm,培养120h。
12000rpm离心10min, 收集菌体;菌体用蒸馏水洗涤3次,收集的菌体用真空冷冻干燥至绝干。测定其生物量,并采用电感耦合等离子体-质谱法测定菌体中硒元素。
结果如表1所示。可以看出来,当亚硒酸钠浓度为0.5-3g/L时,菌体的生长的确是有抑制,是因为无机硒是有毒性的;但是可以看到米曲霉A02耐硒的能力很好,在3g/L亚硒酸钠的条件下,仍然可以正常生长,菌体生物量略有降低;但是从富集硒的能力看,当亚硒酸钠浓度在3g/L时,菌体有机转化硒总量达到最高,30505±52.1ppm。确定以后实验中,最优无机硒浓度为3g/L。
表1不同无机硒浓度对米曲霉菌株A02生长的影响及富硒
2、不同培养时间富硒实验
米曲霉富硒培养基:1%葡萄糖,2%蛋白胨,1%酵母粉,3g/L亚硒酸钠。
从米曲霉菌株A02的平板上洗下孢子悬液浓度107个/mL,加入富硒培养基,培养温度为26℃~28℃,转速180~200 rpm,培养120h。
培养96h,120h,144h后,12000rpm离心10min, 收集菌体;菌体用蒸馏水洗涤3次,收集的菌体用真空冷冻干燥至绝干。
菌体形态:如图1所示,左图为未添加亚硒酸钠培养的米曲霉菌体,右图为通过富硒培养基培养得到米曲霉菌体干粉。可以从图片清晰看到富硒培养基培养的米曲霉菌体颜色变成暗红色,是因为米曲霉菌体已经完成富硒过程,无机硒有机转化成为菌体硒后,颜色变成暗红色。
菌体的硒元素和氨基酸的测定:称取菌体样品0.5克,置于消解罐中,加入8mL硝酸与1mL 30%(质量分数)过氧化氢溶液进行微波密闭消解,冷却后,将样品溶液赶酸至少于0.5 mL,用水定容至25 mL,根据硒元素标准品标准曲线,样品吸光值计算样品中硒元素含量。
培养96h,120h,144h的米曲霉菌体中硒元素含量分别为22542±31.2ppm,29362±56.3 ppm, 30505±52.1ppm。富硒米曲霉菌体蛋白中总硒按量为30505±52.1ppm,明显优于传统的微生物硒元素有机转化效率。
菌体的氨基酸的测定:菌体氨基酸含量测定采用A200型amino Nova氨基酸分析仪进行测定144h的富硒米曲霉菌体氨基酸含量测定结果如下表2,菌体总氨基酸含量为45.26%。
表2富硒米曲霉菌体氨基酸含量
可见富硒米曲霉菌体中,首先菌体蛋白中氨基酸含量为45.26%,含有8种必需氨基酸,必需氨基酸占总氨基酸的比例为42.96%, 为优质的蛋白质资源。另一方面从米曲霉菌体蛋白的氨基酸组成可以看到,出现硒代胱氨酸和硒代蛋氨酸的出现,其中硒代胱氨酸含量为0.52%,硒代蛋氨酸含量为0.38%。也说明米曲霉菌体富硒后,菌体蛋白有机转化后除了表面形成单质硒以外,也形成硒代氨基酸的有机硒的形式。
菌体表面附着物的观察:冻干的菌体喷金前处理后,通过扫描电镜在90万倍条件下,观察米曲霉菌体表面(观察结果如图3所示),可以看到一些附着于细胞表面的微小颗粒,这些颗粒是以蛋白质为核,红色单质硒为膜的硒-蛋白质复合物,称之为单质硒。基于之前报道的文献报道(蒋华东,何晓红,张礼霞,陶勇,王晓梅,高平,李大平, 一株假单胞菌好氧还原亚硒酸钠为红色单质硒,微生物学报,2010.50:1347-1352.;昌青青,张园园,曹圆圆,卢存龙,陆鹏,刘爱民,富硒链霉菌Wh63的鉴定及富硒特性研究,湖北农业科学,2016.55:867-871.),生物方式获得的单质硒毒性小,对热稳定,生物活性高,具有较高的应用价值。所以本发明中看到的富硒后的米曲霉菌体干粉为暗红色(如图1所示),是与菌体表面的红色单质硒有关。
由此可见,米曲霉富硒转化过程,除了转化为有机硒,和菌体氨基酸结合以外,还能在菌体表面形成单质硒颗粒;纳米级红色单质硒,比传统无机硒和有机硒具有更高效功效和更高安全性。
<110> 中国科学院天津工业生物技术研究所
<120> 一种米曲霉菌株在富集硒中的应用
<160> 1
<210> 1
<211> 623
<212> DNA
<213> 米曲霉(Aspergillus oryzae)
<400> 1
GACGCTCGTAAGATCTTCCGTAGGTGAACCTGCGGAAGGATCATTACCGAGTGTAGGGTTCCTAGCGAGCCCAACCTCCCACCCGTGTTTACTGTACCTTAGTTGCTTCGGCGGGCCCGCCATTCATGGCCGCCGGGGGCTCTCAGCCCCGGGCCCGCGCCCGCCGGAGACACCACGAACTCTGTCTGATCTAGTGAAGTCTGAGTTGATTGTATCGCAATCAGTTAAAACTTTCAACAATGGATCTCTTGGTTCCGGCATCGATGAAGAACGCAGCGAAATGCGATAACTAGTGTGAATTGCAGAATTCCGTGAATCATCGAGTCTTTGAACGCACATTGCGCCCCCTGGTATTCCGGGGGGCATGCCTGTCCGAGCGTCATTGCTGCCCATCAAGCACGGCTTGTGTGTTGGGTCGTCGTCCCCTCTCCGGGGGGGACGGGCCCCAAAGGCAGCGGCGGCACCGCGTCCGATCCTCGAGCGTATGGGGCTTTGTCACCCGCTCTGTAGGCCCGGCCGGCGCTTGCCGAACGCAAATCAATCTTTTTCCAGGTTGACCTCGGATCAGGTAGGGATACCCGCTGAACTTAAGCATATCAATAAGCGGAGGAAATCTTCCTGTG 623
Claims (10)
1.一种米曲霉(Aspergillus oryzae)菌株A02在富集硒元素中的应用,其特征在于,所述米曲霉菌株A02的保藏号为:CGMCC No.40043。
2.一种微生物法富集硒元素的方法,其特征在于,添加无机硒元素的培养液培养保藏号为:CGMCC No.40043的米曲霉菌株A02,并在培养后收集菌体。
3.如权利要求2所述的方法,其特征在于,培养液中添加无机硒元素是以亚硒酸钠形式添加。
4.如权利要求3所述的方法,其特征在于,亚硒酸钠添加的浓度为0.5-3.5 g/L。
5.如权利要求2或3所述的方法,其特征在于,其中基本培养基为1%葡萄糖,2%蛋白胨,1%酵母粉。
6.如权利要求2或3所述的方法,其特征在于,培养温度为26℃~28℃,转速180~200rpm,培养60-180h。
7.如权利要求2或3所述的方法,其特征在于,收集菌体是将培养后的培养液于12000rpm离心10min,菌体用蒸馏水洗涤数次,收集的菌体用真空冷冻干燥至绝干。
8.如权利要求2至7任一项所述的方法获得的米曲霉菌株A02菌体。
9.如权利要求8所述的米曲霉菌株A02菌体在制备富硒饲用产品中的应用。
10.如权利要求9所述的应用,其特征在于,米曲霉菌株A02菌体作为饲用添加剂使用。
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