CN114514637A - 电极活性材料以及制备所述电极活性材料的方法 - Google Patents
电极活性材料以及制备所述电极活性材料的方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN114514637A CN114514637A CN202080071155.8A CN202080071155A CN114514637A CN 114514637 A CN114514637 A CN 114514637A CN 202080071155 A CN202080071155 A CN 202080071155A CN 114514637 A CN114514637 A CN 114514637A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- active material
- electrode active
- particles
- cobalt
- electrode
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 19
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000011162 core material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 150000001869 cobalt compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 150000003609 titanium compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 150000003755 zirconium compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- -1 aluminum compound Chemical class 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- JSPLKZUTYZBBKA-UHFFFAOYSA-N trioxidane Chemical compound OOO JSPLKZUTYZBBKA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- UBEWDCMIDFGDOO-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt(II,III) oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Co+2].[Co+3].[Co+3] UBEWDCMIDFGDOO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910005518 NiaCobMnc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011147 inorganic material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 150000001399 aluminium compounds Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 26
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 25
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 25
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 22
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 15
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 15
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 15
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical group [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 description 9
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 7
- KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butadiene Chemical compound C=CC=C KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 6
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 6
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 5
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen Substances N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229920002239 polyacrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 229920001515 polyalkylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 5
- VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Butene Chemical compound CCC=C VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- AFFLGGQVNFXPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-decene Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC=C AFFLGGQVNFXPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CRSBERNSMYQZNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-dodecene Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCC=C CRSBERNSMYQZNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- LIKMAJRDDDTEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-hexene Chemical compound CCCCC=C LIKMAJRDDDTEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- KWKAKUADMBZCLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-octene Chemical compound CCCCCCC=C KWKAKUADMBZCLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 4
- XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COCCOC XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- YWAKXRMUMFPDSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentene Chemical compound CCCC=C YWAKXRMUMFPDSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- VAYTZRYEBVHVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dioxol-2-one Chemical group O=C1OC=CO1 VAYTZRYEBVHVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylonitrile Chemical compound C=CC#N NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910001290 LiPF6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011164 primary particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 3
- DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-Diethoxyethane Chemical compound CCOC(C)OCC DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MYRTYDVEIRVNKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Divinylbenzene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C MYRTYDVEIRVNKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylic acid Chemical class OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SOGAXMICEFXMKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butylmethacrylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C(C)=C SOGAXMICEFXMKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910021503 Cobalt(II) hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910016850 F2n+1SO2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 2
- VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isobutene Chemical compound CC(C)=C VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000003109 Karl Fischer titration Methods 0.000 description 2
- BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl acrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C=C BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000005062 Polybutadiene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001328 Polyvinylidene chloride Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000002174 Styrene-butadiene Substances 0.000 description 2
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004833 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003125 aqueous solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000149 argon plasma sintering Methods 0.000 description 2
- IAQRGUVFOMOMEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N butene Natural products CC=CC IAQRGUVFOMOMEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000428 cobalt oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- IVMYJDGYRUAWML-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt(ii) oxide Chemical compound [Co]=O IVMYJDGYRUAWML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011889 copper foil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001351 cycling effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229940069096 dodecene Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 description 2
- 150000002334 glycols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910001486 lithium perchlorate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910001496 lithium tetrafluoroborate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011812 mixed powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Octanol Natural products CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002857 polybutadiene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920006254 polymer film Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000005033 polyvinylidene chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 2
- 239000011163 secondary particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004611 spectroscopical analysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004711 α-olefin Substances 0.000 description 2
- LZDKZFUFMNSQCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-diethoxyethane Chemical compound CCOCCOCC LZDKZFUFMNSQCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PRJNEUBECVAVAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-bis(ethenyl)benzene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC(C=C)=C1 PRJNEUBECVAVAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000000093 1,3-dioxanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000006091 1,3-dioxolane group Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxane Chemical compound C1COCCO1 RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DURPTKYDGMDSBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-butoxybutane Chemical compound CCCCOCCCC DURPTKYDGMDSBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GOXQRTZXKQZDDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Ethylhexyl acrylate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)C=C GOXQRTZXKQZDDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OFNISBHGPNMTMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methylideneoxolane-2,5-dione Chemical compound C=C1CC(=O)OC1=O OFNISBHGPNMTMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002706 AlOOH Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium chloride Substances [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910018916 CoOOH Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZAFNJMIOTHYJRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diisopropyl ether Chemical compound CC(C)OC(C)C ZAFNJMIOTHYJRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JIGUQPWFLRLWPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acrylate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C=C JIGUQPWFLRLWPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KIVUUVOREYMMFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Eupolauridine Chemical compound C1=NC(C2=CC=CC=C22)=C3C2=NC=CC3=C1 KIVUUVOREYMMFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910007549 Li2SiF6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000552 LiCF3SO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012995 LiCo2O4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012820 LiCoO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910032387 LiCoO2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013553 LiNO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013872 LiPF Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 101150058243 Lipf gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229910000572 Lithium Nickel Cobalt Manganese Oxide (NCM) Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl methacrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(C)=C VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical group [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 description 1
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical group [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910009973 Ti2O3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010416 TiO(OH)2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IDSMHEZTLOUMLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li].[O].[Co] Chemical class [Li].[O].[Co] IDSMHEZTLOUMLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FBDMTTNVIIVBKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-2].[Mn+2].[Co+2].[Ni+2].[Li+] Chemical compound [O-2].[Mn+2].[Co+2].[Ni+2].[Li+] FBDMTTNVIIVBKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FDLZQPXZHIFURF-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-2].[Ti+4].[Li+] Chemical compound [O-2].[Ti+4].[Li+] FDLZQPXZHIFURF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000005907 alkyl ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- XYLMUPLGERFSHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-Methylstyrene Chemical compound CC(=C)C1=CC=CC=C1 XYLMUPLGERFSHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021502 aluminium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Al+3] WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000012080 ambient air Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium sulfate Chemical compound N.N.OS(O)(=O)=O BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052921 ammonium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011130 ammonium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000012736 aqueous medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002902 bimodal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000740 bleeding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- CQEYYJKEWSMYFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl acrylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C=C CQEYYJKEWSMYFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003490 calendering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000975 co-precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- UPWOEMHINGJHOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Co]O[Co]=O UPWOEMHINGJHOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004292 cyclic ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007872 degassing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- NKDDWNXOKDWJAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethoxymethane Chemical compound COCOC NKDDWNXOKDWJAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005518 electrochemistry Effects 0.000 description 1
- UIWXSTHGICQLQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl propanoate Chemical compound CCC(=O)OC=C UIWXSTHGICQLQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KLKFAASOGCDTDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethoxymethoxyethane Chemical compound CCOCOCC KLKFAASOGCDTDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QPMJENKZJUFOON-PLNGDYQASA-N ethyl (z)-3-chloro-2-cyano-4,4,4-trifluorobut-2-enoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C(\C#N)=C(/Cl)C(F)(F)F QPMJENKZJUFOON-PLNGDYQASA-N 0.000 description 1
- SUPCQIBBMFXVTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C(C)=C SUPCQIBBMFXVTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylene glycol Natural products OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000840 ethylene tetrafluoroethylene copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001879 gelation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001679 gibbsite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004687 hexahydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920001903 high density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004700 high-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010954 inorganic particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000959 isobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006138 lithiation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- AFRJJFRNGGLMDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium amide Chemical compound [Li+].[NH2-] AFRJJFRNGGLMDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000625 lithium cobalt oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002642 lithium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001547 lithium hexafluoroantimonate(V) Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001540 lithium hexafluoroarsenate(V) Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K lithium iron phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].[Fe+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- MHCFAGZWMAWTNR-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium perchlorate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O MHCFAGZWMAWTNR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910001537 lithium tetrachloroaluminate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QSZMZKBZAYQGRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [Li+].FC(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F QSZMZKBZAYQGRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BFZPBUKRYWOWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxido(oxo)cobalt Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][Co]=O BFZPBUKRYWOWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001684 low density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004702 low-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011976 maleic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N maleic anhydride Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)C=C1 FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012452 mother liquor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004108 n-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000004123 n-propyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N pent‐4‐en‐2‐one Natural products CC(=O)CC=C PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001195 polyisoprene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920005606 polypropylene copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005629 polypropylene homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002620 polyvinyl fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000012805 post-processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000634 powder X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006855 reductive lithiation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004626 scanning electron microscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000550 scanning electron microscopy energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002914 sec-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GQUJEMVIKWQAEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium(III) oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]O[Ti]=O GQUJEMVIKWQAEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PJANXHGTPQOBST-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-Stilbene Natural products C=1C=CC=CC=1C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PJANXHGTPQOBST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PJANXHGTPQOBST-VAWYXSNFSA-N trans-stilbene Chemical group C=1C=CC=CC=1/C=C/C1=CC=CC=C1 PJANXHGTPQOBST-VAWYXSNFSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000385 transition metal sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004627 transmission electron microscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021512 zirconium (IV) hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/362—Composites
- H01M4/366—Composites as layered products
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/362—Composites
- H01M4/364—Composites as mixtures
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G53/00—Compounds of nickel
- C01G53/40—Nickelates
- C01G53/42—Nickelates containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G53/00—Compounds of nickel
- C01G53/40—Nickelates
- C01G53/42—Nickelates containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2
- C01G53/44—Nickelates containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2 containing manganese
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G53/00—Compounds of nickel
- C01G53/40—Nickelates
- C01G53/42—Nickelates containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2
- C01G53/44—Nickelates containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2 containing manganese
- C01G53/50—Nickelates containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2 containing manganese of the type [MnO2]n-, e.g. Li(NixMn1-x)O2, Li(MyNixMn1-x-y)O2
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
- H01M4/0471—Processes of manufacture in general involving thermal treatment, e.g. firing, sintering, backing particulate active material, thermal decomposition, pyrolysis
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/131—Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/483—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides for non-aqueous cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/485—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of mixed oxides or hydroxides for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiTi2O4 or LiTi2OxFy
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
- H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
- H01M4/523—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron for non-aqueous cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/621—Binders
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/624—Electric conductive fillers
- H01M4/625—Carbon or graphite
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2002/00—Crystal-structural characteristics
- C01P2002/50—Solid solutions
- C01P2002/52—Solid solutions containing elements as dopants
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2002/00—Crystal-structural characteristics
- C01P2002/70—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured X-ray, neutron or electron diffraction data
- C01P2002/72—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured X-ray, neutron or electron diffraction data by d-values or two theta-values, e.g. as X-ray diagram
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/01—Particle morphology depicted by an image
- C01P2004/03—Particle morphology depicted by an image obtained by SEM
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/50—Agglomerated particles
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/51—Particles with a specific particle size distribution
- C01P2004/53—Particles with a specific particle size distribution bimodal size distribution
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/60—Particles characterised by their size
- C01P2004/61—Micrometer sized, i.e. from 1-100 micrometer
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/60—Particles characterised by their size
- C01P2004/62—Submicrometer sized, i.e. from 0.1-1 micrometer
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/60—Particles characterised by their size
- C01P2004/64—Nanometer sized, i.e. from 1-100 nanometer
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/80—Particles consisting of a mixture of two or more inorganic phases
- C01P2004/82—Particles consisting of a mixture of two or more inorganic phases two phases having the same anion, e.g. both oxidic phases
- C01P2004/84—Particles consisting of a mixture of two or more inorganic phases two phases having the same anion, e.g. both oxidic phases one phase coated with the other
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2006/00—Physical properties of inorganic compounds
- C01P2006/12—Surface area
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2006/00—Physical properties of inorganic compounds
- C01P2006/80—Compositional purity
- C01P2006/82—Compositional purity water content
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/021—Physical characteristics, e.g. porosity, surface area
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
- H01M2004/028—Positive electrodes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
- H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
- H01M2220/30—Batteries in portable systems, e.g. mobile phone, laptop
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
- Inorganic Compounds Of Heavy Metals (AREA)
Abstract
电极活性材料,其包含:(A)通式Li1+x1TM1‑ x1O2的核材料,其中TM为Ni与Mn、Co和Al中的至少一种以及任选的至少一种或多种选自Mg、Ti、Zr、Nb、Ta和W的金属的组合,x1为‑0.05至0.2,和(B)钴化合物、钛化合物、锆化合物和铝化合物的颗粒,其中钴的平均氧化态高于+II且低于+III,并且其中所述颗粒中锂与钴的摩尔比为0‑1,并且其中所述颗粒附着在核材料的表面。
Description
本发明涉及一种电极活性材料,其包含:
(A)通式Li1+x1TM1-x1O2的核材料,其中TM为Ni与Mn、Co和Al中的至少一种以及任选的至少一种或多种选自Mg、Ti、Zr、Nb、Ta和W的金属的组合,x1为-0.05至0.2,和
(B)钴化合物和铝化合物以及钛化合物或锆化合物的颗粒,其中所述颗粒中锂与钴的摩尔比为0至1,并且其中所述颗粒附着在核材料的表面。
锂离子二次电池组是用于储存能量的现代设备。已经并且正在考虑许多应用领域,从诸如移动电话和笔记本电脑的小型设备到汽车电池组和用于电动(e-mobility)的其他电池组。电池组的各种组分对于电池组的性能具有决定性作用,例如电解质、电极材料和隔膜。对正极材料已经给予了特别的关注。已经提出了若干材料,例如磷酸锂铁、锂钴氧化物和锂镍钴锰氧化物。尽管已经进行了广泛的研究,但是迄今为止发现的解决方案仍然存在改进的空间。
目前,可观察到对所谓的富Ni电极活性材料的某些兴趣,例如相对于总TM含量包含60mol%或更多Ni的电极活性材料。
锂离子电池组的一个问题,尤其是富Ni电极活性材料的一个问题,归因于电极活性材料表面上的不希望的反应。该类反应可以是电解质或溶剂或二者的分解,并且其可能导致电化学电池中的放气。因此,已经尝试在充电和放电期间保护表面而不阻碍锂交换。实例是尝试用例如氧化铝或氧化钙涂覆电极活性材料,参见例如US 8,993,051。
其他理论将不希望的反应归于表面上的游离LiOH或Li2CO3,或归于所谓的反应性锂(可通过用含水介质提取来测定)。已经尝试通过用水洗涤电极活性材料来除去该游离LiOH或Li2CO3或反应性锂,参见例如JP4,789,066B、JP 5,139,024B和US 2015/0372300。然而,在一些情况下,观察到所得电极活性材料的性能没有改善或者甚至劣化。
在US 6,921,609中,用LiNO3和Co(NO3)2六水合物的水溶液处理某些正极活性材料,随后煅烧。作者声称形成LiCoO2的梯度。然而,由残余的或可提取的锂引起的问题没有得到解决。
有时,电极活性材料和导电碳和粘合剂的浆料往往会胶凝。所述胶凝使得所述浆料难以施加到集流体上,并且应该避免。
本发明的目的是提供一种制备具有优异电化学性能和低胶凝倾向的含Ni,特别是富Ni电极活性材料的方法。本发明的目的还在于提供具有优异电化学性能的富Ni电极活性材料。
因此,已经发现了开头所定义的电极活性材料,下文也称为本发明的电极活性材料。本发明的电极活性材料包含:
(A)通式Li1+x1TM1-x1O2的核材料,下文也称为“核(A)”,其中TM为Ni与Mn、Co和Al中的至少一种以及任选的至少一种或多种选自Mg、Ti、Zr、Nb、Ta和W的金属的组合,x1为-0.05至0.2,和
(B)钴化合物和铝化合物以及钛化合物或锆化合物的颗粒,下文也称为“颗粒(B)”,其中所述颗粒中锂与钴的摩尔比为0至1,并且其中所述颗粒附着在核材料的表面。
下文将更详细地描述核(A)和颗粒(B)。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,核(A)具有3-20μm,优选5-16μm的平均粒径(D50)。平均粒径可例如通过光散射或激光衍射或电声谱法测定。颗粒通常包含初级颗粒的附聚物,并且上述粒径是指次级颗粒直径。
一些元素是普遍存在的。在本发明的上下文中,在本发明的描述中不考虑作为杂质的普遍存在的痕量金属如钠、钙、铁或锌。在该上下文中,痕量意指分别相对于TM或颗粒(B)的总金属含量为0.05mol%或更少的量。
核(A)优选为富镍电极活性材料。尽管核中的镍百分比可为50mol%或者甚至更低,例如40mol%,但是优选核材料中的镍的摩尔百分比为至少60mol%,相对于TM中的所有金属。
上式中的TM包含Mn、Co和Al中的至少一种,优选至少两种,例如Co和Mn,Co和Al,或者甚至Mn、Co和Al。
任选地,TM可包含至少一种或多种选自Mg、Ti、Nb、Ta和W的金属。在本发明的一个实施方案中,TM为通式(I)的金属组合:
(NiaCobMnc)1-dMd (I)
其中:
a为0.6-0.95,优选为0.75-0.95,更优选为0.80-0.91,
b为0.025-0.2,优选为0.025-0.1,
c为0.025-0.2,优选为0.025-0.1,更优选为0.04-0.1,
d为0-0.1,
M选自Al、Mg、Ti、Zr、Nb、Ta和W,以及前述中至少两种的组合,优选Al以及Al和前述中至少一种,且
a+b+c=1。
在本发明的另一个实施方案中,变量TM对应于通式(I a):
(Nia*Cob*Ale*)1-d*M2 d* (Ia)
其中:
a*+b*+e*=1,且
a*为0.75-0.95,优选为0.88-0.95,
b*为0.025-0.2,优选为0.025-0.1,
e*为0.01-0.2,优选为0.015-0.04,
d*为0-0.1,优选为0-0.02,
M2为W、Mo、Ti或Zr中的至少一种。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,TM对应于通式(I),且x1为-0.05至0.2,优选为0-0.1,甚至更优选为0.01-0.05。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,TM对应于通式(I a),且x1为-0.05至0。
颗粒(B)包含钴氧化物化合物,其中所述颗粒中锂与钴的摩尔比为0至小于1,并且其中所述颗粒附着在核材料的表面,因此附着于核(A)。颗粒(B)中钴的氧化态可通过X-射线光电子能谱(“XPS”)测定,而与核(A)的附着性能可通过成像方法如透射电子显微镜(“TEM”)和扫描电子显微镜(“SEM”)测定。颗粒(B)的相类型可通过高分辨率X射线粉末衍射(“XRD”)来确定。在优选的实施方案中,颗粒(B)中锂与钴的平均摩尔比为0至小于1。
颗粒(B)可全部或部分地结合到核(A)的孔中,或者附着于外表面。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,颗粒(B)中的钴的平均氧化态为+2至+3,优选为高于+2至3,甚至更优选为2.5-3.0。
在本发明的另一个实施方案中,颗粒(B)中的钴的平均氧化态为+III至+IV,优选为3.0-3.5,甚至更优选为3.5。
颗粒(B)中的锂与钴的摩尔比为0-1,优选为大于0至小于1。
在优选的实施方案中,颗粒(B)不包含确定的化合物,而是包含数种含钴氧化物的混合物,例如,亚化学计量的锂钴氧化物化合物,此外还有Co3O4或LiCo2O4,其具有LiCoO2和Co2O3作为任选组分。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,核(A)与颗粒(B)的重量比为1000:1至10:1,优选为100:1至20:1。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,颗粒(B)的平均直径(D50)为10nm至10μm,优选为10nm至1μm。平均直径(D50)可通过成像方法如TEM和SEM测定。
颗粒(B)包含钴、锂和Al以及Ti和Zr中的至少一种作为额外元素,优选颗粒(B)包含比任何Al、Ti和Zr更多的Co。在颗粒(B)包含Al和至少一种选自Ti和Zr的额外元素的实施方案中,各颗粒(B)可包含Li和Co以及Ti、Zr和Al中的至少一种,但在其他实施方案中,各颗粒包含钴,或任何Ti、Zr或Al。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,在颗粒(B)中,Co与Al和Zr或Ti的总和的摩尔比为2:1至50:1。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,本发明的电极活性材料具有根据DIN-ISO 9277:2003-05测定为0.1-0.8m2/g的表面(BET)。
本发明的另一方面涉及包含至少一种根据本发明的电极活性材料的电极。它们特别适用于锂离子电池组。包括至少一个根据本发明的电极的锂离子电池组显示出良好的放电行为。包括至少一种根据本发明的电极活性材料的电极在下文中也称为本发明的正极或根据本发明的正极。
根据本发明的正极可包括其他组分。它们可包括集流体,例如但不限于铝箔。它们可进一步包括导电碳和粘合剂。
合适的粘合剂优选选自有机(共)聚合物。合适的(共)聚合物,即均聚物或共聚物,可选自例如可通过阴离子、催化或自由基(共)聚合获得的(共)聚合物,尤其是选自聚乙烯、聚丙烯腈、聚丁二烯、聚苯乙烯,和至少两种选自乙烯、丙烯、苯乙烯、(甲基)丙烯腈和1,3-丁二烯的共聚单体的共聚物。聚丙烯也是合适的。此外,聚异戊二烯和聚丙烯酸酯也是合适的。特别优选聚丙烯腈。
在本发明的上下文中,聚丙烯腈应理解为不仅意指聚丙烯腈均聚物,而且意指丙烯腈与1,3-丁二烯或苯乙烯的共聚物。优选聚丙烯腈均聚物。
在本发明的上下文中,聚乙烯应理解为不仅意指均聚乙烯,而且意指乙烯的共聚物,所述共聚物包含至少50mol%的共聚乙烯和至多50mol%的至少一种其他共聚单体,例如α-烯烃如丙烯、丁烯(1-丁烯)、1-己烯、1-辛烯、1-癸烯、1-十二碳烯、1-戊烯,以及异丁烯,乙烯基芳族化合物如苯乙烯,以及(甲基)丙烯酸、乙酸乙烯酯、丙酸乙烯酯、(甲基)丙烯酸的C1-C10烷基酯,尤其是丙烯酸甲酯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸乙酯、甲基丙烯酸乙酯、丙烯酸正丁酯、丙烯酸2-乙基己酯、甲基丙烯酸正丁酯、甲基丙烯酸2-乙基己酯,以及马来酸、马来酸酐和衣康酸酐。聚乙烯可为HDPE或LDPE。
在本发明的上下文中,聚丙烯应理解为不仅意指均聚丙烯,而且意指丙烯的共聚物,所述共聚物包含至少50mol%的共聚丙烯和至多50mol%的至少一种其他共聚单体,例如乙烯和α-烯烃如丁烯、1-己烯、1-辛烯、1-癸烯、1-十二碳烯和1-戊烯。聚丙烯优选为全同立构或基本上全同立构的聚丙烯。
在本发明的上下文中,聚苯乙烯应理解为不仅意指苯乙烯的均聚物,而且意指与丙烯腈、1,3-丁二烯、(甲基)丙烯酸、(甲基)丙烯酸的C1-C10烷基酯、二乙烯基苯,尤其是1,3-二乙烯基苯、1,2-二苯基乙烯和α-甲基苯乙烯的共聚物。
另一种优选的粘合剂是聚丁二烯。
其他合适的粘合剂选自聚氧化乙烯(PEO)、纤维素、羧甲基纤维素、聚酰亚胺和聚乙烯醇。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,粘合剂选自平均分子量Mw为50,000-1,000,000g/mol,优选500,000g/mol的那些(共)聚合物。
粘合剂可为交联或非交联的(共)聚合物。
在本发明的特别优选的实施方案中,粘合剂选自卤化(共)聚合物,尤其选自氟化(共)聚合物。卤化或氟化(共)聚合物应理解为意指包含至少一种(共)聚合(共聚)单体的那些(共)聚合物,所述(共)聚合(共聚)单体每分子具有至少一个卤原子或至少一个氟原子,更优选每分子具有至少两个卤原子或至少两个氟原子。实例为聚氯乙烯、聚偏二氯乙烯、聚四氟乙烯、聚偏二氟乙烯(PVdF)、四氟乙烯-六氟丙烯共聚物、偏二氟乙烯-六氟丙烯共聚物(PVdF-HFP)、偏二氟乙烯-四氟乙烯共聚物、全氟烷基乙烯基醚共聚物、乙烯-四氟乙烯共聚物、偏二氟乙烯-氯三氟乙烯共聚物和乙烯-氯氟乙烯共聚物。
合适的粘合剂尤其是聚乙烯醇和卤化(共)聚合物,例如聚氯乙烯或聚偏二氯乙烯,尤其是氟化(共)聚合物如聚氟乙烯,尤其是聚偏二氟乙烯和聚四氟乙烯。
本发明的正极可包含相对于电极活性材料为1-15重量%的粘合剂。在其他实施方案中,本发明的正极可包含0.1重量%至小于1重量%的粘合剂。
本发明的另一方面是一种电池组,其包含至少一个包含本发明电极活性材料、碳和粘合剂的正极、至少一个负极和至少一种电解质。
本发明的正极的实施方案已在上文详细描述。
所述负极可包含至少一种负极活性材料,例如碳(石墨)、TiO2、氧化锂钛、硅或锡。所述负极可额外包含集流体,例如金属箔如铜箔。
所述电解质可包含至少一种非水溶剂、至少一种电解质盐和任选的添加剂。
用于电解质的非水溶剂在室温下可以是液体或固体,优选选自聚合物、环状或非环状醚、环状和非环状缩醛以及环状或非环状有机碳酸酯。
合适的聚合物的实例特别是聚亚烷基二醇,优选聚C1-C4亚烷基二醇,特别是聚乙二醇。此处,聚乙二醇可包含至多20mol%的一种或多种C1-C4亚烷基二醇。聚亚烷基二醇优选具有两个甲基或乙基端基的聚亚烷基二醇。
合适的聚亚烷基二醇,特别是合适的聚乙二醇的分子量Mw可为至少400g/mol。
合适的聚亚烷基二醇,特别是合适的聚乙二醇的分子量Mw可为至多5000000g/mol,优选至多2000000g/mol。
合适的非环状醚的实例是例如二异丙基醚、二正丁基醚、1,2-二甲氧基乙烷、1,2-二乙氧基乙烷,优选1,2-二甲氧基乙烷。
合适的环状醚的实例为四氢呋喃和1,4-二噁烷。
合适的非环状缩醛的实例是例如二甲氧基甲烷、二乙氧基甲烷、1,1-二甲氧基乙烷和1,1-二乙氧基乙烷。
合适的环状缩醛的实例为1,3-二噁烷,特别是1,3-二氧戊环。
合适的非环状有机碳酸酯的实例为碳酸二甲酯、碳酸甲乙酯和碳酸二乙酯。
合适的环状有机碳酸酯的实例为通式(II)和(III)的化合物:
其中R1、R2和R3可相同或不同,选自氢和C1-C4烷基,例如甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、仲丁基和叔丁基,其中R2和R3优选不同时为叔丁基。
在特别优选的实施方案中,R1为甲基,R2和R3各自为氢,或R1、R2和R3各自为氢。
另一种优选的环状有机碳酸酯为式(IV)的碳酸亚乙烯酯:
溶剂优选以无水状态使用,即水含量为1ppm至0.1重量%,其可通过例如卡尔-费歇尔滴定法测定。
电解质(C)进一步包含至少一种电解质盐。合适的电解质盐特别为锂盐。合适的锂盐的实例为LiPF6、LiBF4、LiClO4、LiAsF6、LiCF3SO3、LiC(CnF2n+1SO2)3、氨基锂如LiN(CnF2n+ 1SO2)2(其中n为1-20的整数)、LiN(SO2F)2、Li2SiF6、LiSbF6、LiAlCl4和通式(CnF2n+1SO2)tYLi的盐,其中m定义如下:
当Y选自氧和硫时,t=1,
当Y选自氮和磷时,t=2,且
当Y选自碳和硅时,t=3。
优选的电解质盐选自LiC(CF3SO2)3、LiN(CF3SO2)2、LiPF6、LiBF4、LiClO4,特别优选LiPF6和LiN(CF3SO2)2。
在本发明的实施方案中,根据本发明的电池组包括一个或多个隔膜,通过所述隔膜将电极机械地隔离。合适的隔膜为聚合物膜,特别是多孔聚合物膜,其对金属锂不具有反应性。特别合适的隔膜材料为聚烯烃,特别是成膜多孔聚乙烯和成膜多孔聚丙烯。
由聚烯烃,特别是聚乙烯或聚丙烯组成的隔膜的孔隙率可为35-45%。合适的孔径例如为30-500nm。
在本发明的另一个实施方案中,隔膜可选自填充有无机颗粒的PET无纺布。该隔膜的孔隙率可为40-55%。合适的孔径例如为80-750nm。
根据本发明的电池组进一步包括外壳,所述外壳可具有任何形状,例如立方形或圆柱形盘或圆柱形罐的形状。在一个变型中,将构造为袋的金属箔用作外壳。
根据本发明的电池组显示出良好的放电行为,例如在低温(0℃或更低,例如低至-10℃或者甚至更低)下,非常好的放电和循环行为。
根据本发明的电池组可包括两个或多个彼此组合的电化学电池,例如可串联连接或并联连接。优选串联连接。在根据本发明的电池组中,至少一个电化学电池包含至少一个根据本发明的正极。优选地,在根据本发明的电化学电池中,大多数电化学电池包含根据本发明的正极。甚至更优选地,在根据本发明的电池组中,所有电化学电池都包含根据本发明的正极。
本发明进一步涉及根据本发明的电池组在设备中的用途,特别是在移动设备中的用途。移动设备的实例为交通工具,例如汽车、自行车、飞机或水上交通工具,例如船或艇。移动设备的其他实例为手持移动的设备,例如计算机,尤其是笔记本电脑、电话或电动手持工具,例如在建筑业中,尤其是钻孔机、电池组供电的螺丝刀或电池组供电的打钉器。
本发明进一步涉及一种制备本发明电极活性材料的方法,下文也称为“本发明的方法”或“根据本发明的方法”。
本发明的方法包括至少3个步骤(a)、(b)和(c),在本发明的上下文中,其也分别称为步骤(a)和步骤(b)以及步骤(c)。随后进行步骤(a)和(b)以及(c)。
本发明的方法包括以下步骤:
(a)提供通式Li1+x2TM1-x2O2的材料,其中TM为Ni与Mn、Co和Al中的至少一种以及任选的至少一种或多种选自Mg、Ti、Zr、Nb、Ta和W的金属的组合,x2为0-0.25,
(b)使所述材料与钴的氧化物或(氧)氢氧化物和任选的至少一种Ti、Zr或Al的氧化物或氢氧化物或羟基氧化物接触,
(c)煅烧步骤(b)的中间体。
下文将更详细地解释步骤(a)-(c)。
本发明的方法从通式Li1+x2TM1-x2O2的电极活性材料开始,步骤(a),其中提供通式Li1+x2TM1-x2O2的材料,其中TM为Ni与Mn、Co和Al中的至少一种以及任选的至少一种或多种选自Mg、Ti、Zr、Nb、Ta和W的金属的组合,且x2为0-0.25。通式Li1+x2TM1-x2O2的电极活性材料在下文中也可称为“起始材料”。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,通式Li1+x2TM1-x2O2的电极活性材料具有3-20μm,优选5-16μm的平均粒径(D50)。平均粒径可例如通过光散射或激光衍射或电声谱法测定。颗粒通常包含初级颗粒的附聚物,上述粒径是指次级颗粒直径。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,通式Li1+x2TM1-x2O2的电极活性材料具有单峰粒径分布。在本发明的另一个实施方案中,通式Li1+x2TM1-x2O2的电极活性材料具有双峰粒径分布。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,起始材料的比表面(BET),在下文中也称为“BET表面”,为0.1-1.0m2/g。BET表面可在200℃下对样品除气30分钟或更长时间之后,通过氮气吸附测定,此外根据DIN ISO 9277:2010进行。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,起始材料的水含量为20-2,000ppm,优选为200-1,200ppm,通过卡尔-费歇尔滴定法测定。
核(A)优选为富镍电极活性材料。尽管核中的镍百分比可为50mol%或者甚至更低,例如40mol%,但优选核材料中的镍摩尔百分比为至少60mol%,相对于TM中的所有金属。
上式中的TM包含Mn、Co和Al中的至少一种,优选至少两种,例如Co和Mn,Co和Al,或者甚至Mn、Co和Al。
任选地,TM可包含至少一种或多种选自Mg、Ti、Nb、Ta和W的金属。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,TM为通式(I)的金属的组合:
(NiaCobMnc)1-dMd (I)
其中:
a为0.6-0.95,优选为0.75-0.95,更优选为0.80-0.91,
b为0.025-0.2,优选为0.025-0.1,
c为0.025-0.2,优选为0.025-0.1,更优选为0.04-0.1,
d为0-0.1,
M选自Al、Mg、Ti、Zr、Nb、Ta和W,以及前述中至少两种的组合,优选Al以及Al和前述中的至少一种,且
a+b+c=1。
在本发明的另一个实施方案中,变量TM对应于通式Ia(Ia):
(Nia*Cob*Ale*)1-d*M2 d* (Ia)
其中:
a*+b*+e*=1,且
a*为0.75-0.95,优选为0.88-0.95,
b*为0.025-0.2,优选为0.025-0.1,
e*为0.01-0.2,优选为0.015-0.04,
d*为0-0.1,优选为0-0.02,
M2为W、Mo、Ti或Zr中的至少一种。
步骤(a)中提供的起始材料通常不含导电碳,这意指起始材料的导电碳含量相对于所述起始材料小于1重量%,优选为0.001-1.0重量%。
同样,一些元素是普遍存在的。在本发明的上下文中,不考虑作为杂质的普遍存在的痕量金属如钠、钙、铁或锌。在该上下文中,痕量意指0.05mol%或更少的量,相对于起始材料的总金属含量。
在步骤(b)中,使所述材料与钴的氧化物或(氧)氢氧化物和任选的至多10体积%的水和任选的至少一种Ti、Zr或Al的氧化物或氢氧化物或羟基氧化物接触。该接触是通过将所述钴的氧化物或氢氧化物和任选的最多10体积%的水和任选的至少一种Ti、Zr或Al的氧化物或氢氧化物或羟基氧化物加入起始材料中,然后混合而实现的。
在步骤(b)中,优选不添加锂化合物。
钴的氧化物和氢氧化物的实例为CoO、Co3O4、Co(OH)2、CoOOH、钴的非化学计量羟基氧化物。优选Co3O4。
任选添加的Ti、Zr或Al的氧化物或氢氧化物或羟基氧化物的实例为TiO2、Ti2O3、TiO(OH)2、TiO2·水、Al2O3、AlOOH、Al(OH)3、Al2O3·水、ZrO2、Zr(OH)4和ZrO2·水。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,步骤(b)通过将钴的氧化物或(氧)氢氧化物的含水浆料和任选的至少一种Ti、Zr或Al的氧化物或氢氧化物或羟基氧化物加入起始材料中,然后混合来进行。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,步骤(b)通过将钴的氧化物或(氧)氢氧化物的含水浆料和Ti、Zr和/或Al的一种氧化物或氢氧化物或羟基氧化物加入起始材料中,然后混合来进行,其中Co的摩尔量分别高于Ti、Zr或Al的摩尔量。甚至更优选地,其中Co的摩尔量高于Ti、Zr和Al的摩尔量。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,步骤(b)在混合器中进行,例如桨式混合器、犁铧式混合器、自由下落式混合器、辊磨机或高剪切混合器。自由下落式混合器利用重力来实现混合。优选高剪切混合器。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,在步骤(b)中,混合器以5-500转/分钟(“rpm”),优选5-60rpm的速度运行。在应用自由下落式混合器的实施方案中,更优选5-25rpm,甚至更优选5-10rpm。在应用犁铧式混合器的实施方案中,优选50-400rpm,甚至更优选100-250rpm。在高剪切混合器的情况下,优选100-950rpm的搅拌器和100-3,750rpm的切碎机。
步骤(b)在干燥状态下进行,即不添加水或有机溶剂如二醇。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,核(A)与颗粒(B)的重量比为1000:1至10:1,优选为100:1至20:1。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,步骤(b)的持续时间为1分钟至2小时,优选为10分钟至1小时。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,步骤(b)优选在10-80℃的温度下。甚至更优选环境温度。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,步骤(b)在空气气氛中或在惰性气体如氮气下进行。优选环境空气。
由步骤(b)获得混合物。在使用水的实施方案中,混合物具有潮湿粉末的外观。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,步骤(c)在450-850℃,优选500-750℃的温度下进行。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,在达到所需的450-850℃,优选500-750℃的温度之前,将温度升高,例如,首先将步骤(b)的混合物加热至350-550℃的温度,然后保持恒定10分钟至4小时,然后升高至500-850℃。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,步骤(c)中的加热速率为0.1-10℃/分钟。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,步骤(c)在辊道窑、推板窑或回转窑或至少两种前述窑的组合中进行。回转窑具有使其中制备的材料非常均匀的优点。在辊道窑和推板窑中,可以非常容易地设定关于不同步骤的不同反应条件。在实验室规模试验中,箱式和管式炉以及分管式炉(split tube furnace)也是可行的。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,步骤(c)在含氧气氛中进行,例如在氮气-空气混合物中、在稀有气体-氧气混合物中、在空气中、在氧气中或在富氧空气中进行。在优选的实施方案中,步骤(b)中的气氛选自空气、氧气和富氧空气。富氧空气可例如为空气和氧气的50:50体积比的混合物。其他选项是空气和氧气的1:2体积比的混合物、空气和氧气的1:3体积比的混合物、空气和氧气的2:1体积比的混合物,以及空气和氧气的3:1体积比的混合物。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,步骤(c)在具有降低的CO2含量的气氛下进行,例如二氧化碳含量为0.01-500ppm重量,优选为0.1-50ppm重量。CO2含量可通过例如使用红外光的光学方法来确定。甚至更优选地,步骤(c)在二氧化碳含量低于检测极限的气氛下例如用基于红外光的光学方法进行。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,步骤(c)的持续时间为1-30小时。优选60分钟至4小时。在该上下文中,忽略冷却时间。
在根据步骤(c)的热处理之后,冷却如此获得的电极活性材料,然后在进一步处理。
通过实施本发明的方法,可通过简单的方法获得具有优异性能的电极活性材料。优选地,如此获得的电极活性材料具有根据DIN-ISO9277:2003-05测定为0.1-0.8m2/g的表面(BET)。
不希望受任何理论的束缚,据认为可提取的锂,尤其是残余锂至少部分地被引至表面,并与Co反应,形成含Co-Li的氧化物物质。
通过以下工作实施例进一步阐述本发明。
除非另外明确说明,百分比为重量百分比。RPM:每分钟转数。
I.正极活性材料
I.1.正极活性材料前体TM-OH.1的制备
在搅拌釜反应器中装入去离子水和49g硫酸铵/kg水。将溶液调节至55℃,通过加入氢氧化钠水溶液将pH值调节至12。
通过以1.8的流速比和导致8小时停留时间的总流速同时供入过渡金属硫酸盐水溶液和氢氧化钠水溶液,开始共沉淀反应。过渡金属溶液包含摩尔比为87:5:8的Ni、Co和Mn,总过渡金属浓度为1.65mol/kg。氢氧化钠水溶液是重量比为6的25%氢氧化钠溶液和25%氨溶液。通过单独供入氢氧化钠水溶液将pH值保持在12。从所有进料的启动开始,连续除去母液。在33小时后,停止所有的进料流。通过过滤所得悬浮液,用蒸馏水洗涤,在120℃下在空气中干燥并筛分,获得混合的过渡金属(TM)羟基氧化物前体TM-OH.1。
I.2.正极活性材料(原始)的制备,步骤(a)
CAM.P(原始):将根据I.1获得的混合过渡金属羟基氧化物前体与0.15mol%TiO2(平均初级颗粒直径14nm)、0.15mol%无定形Zr(OH)4(二者的mol%均相对于TM-OH.1中的Ni、Co和Mn的总和)和LiOH一水合物以1.05的Li/(TM)摩尔比混合。将混合物加热至760℃并在强制氧气流中保持8小时以获得电极活性材料CAM.P。
使用激光衍射技术在获自Malvern Instruments的Mastersizer 3000仪器中测得D50=11.2μm。在230℃下的残余水分测定为214ppm。
I.3:后处理方法
I.3.1:步骤(b.1)和(d.1)
在高剪切混合机(型号为Earth Technica FS-10高速混合机)中装入3,000gCAM.P、76.4g Co3O4、2.4g Al2O3和3.7g TiO2,在每种情况下直径≤50nm。既不添加水也不添加有机溶剂。将搅拌器设定为380rpm,将切碎机设定为3,000rpm,持续10分钟。然后,获得混合粉末。
将混合粉末在箱式炉中在氧气中在700℃的处理温度下热处理2小时。加热速率为3℃/分钟。然后,将所得CAM.1冷却至环境温度。
SEM/EDX分析表明,亚微米尺寸的包含Co的涂覆材料颗粒(B.1)(各自具有0:1至1:1的Li与Co的摩尔比)共形地分布在CAM.1的表面上,同时观察到作为单独颗粒的较大微米尺寸的Co浓度。此外,Co3O4、Al2O3和TiO2的颗粒(B.1)分布在CAM.1的表面上。
II.正极活性材料的测试
II.1电极的制备,一般程序
II.1.1正极的制备
正电极:将PVDF粘合剂(5130)溶解在NMP(Merck)中,从而制备7.5重量%的溶液。为了制备电极,将粘合剂溶液(3重量%)、石墨(SFG6L,2重量%)和炭黑(SuperC65,1重量%)悬浮在NMP中。在使用行星式离心混合器(ARE-250,Thinky Corp.,日本)混合后,加入本发明的CAM.1或对比正极活性材料CAM.P(94重量%),并再次混合悬浮液,从而获得无团块的浆料。将浆料的固含量调节至65%。使用辊对辊涂布机将浆料涂覆于Al箔上。在使用前,将所有电极压延。正极材料的厚度为70μm,对应于15mg/cm2。在组装电池组之前,将所有电极在105℃下干燥7小时。
II.1.2:袋式电池负极的制备
将石墨和炭黑充分混合。将CMC(羧甲基纤维素)水溶液和SBR(丁苯橡胶)水溶液用作粘合剂。石墨和炭黑的混合物,重量比正极活性材料:碳:CMC:SBR如96:0.5:2:1.5,与粘合剂溶液混合,并加入足量的水以制备用于制备电极的合适浆料。通过使用辊涂机将由此获得的浆料涂覆于铜箔(厚度=10μm)上,并在环境温度下干燥。对于单层袋式电池测试,将Cu箔上的电极样品负载量固定为10mg cm-2。
II.2:电解质的制备
制备基础电解质组合物,其包含基于EL基础1总重量为12.7重量%的LiPF6、26.2重量%的碳酸亚乙酯(EC)和61.1重量%的碳酸甲乙酯(EMC)(EL基础1)。向该基础电解质配制剂中加入2重量%的碳酸亚乙烯酯(VC)(EL基础2)。
II.3测试电池的制备
II.3.1纽扣型半电池
在Ar气填充的手套箱中,将纽扣型半电池(直径20mm,厚度3.2mm)组装并密封,所述纽扣型半电池包括如III.1.1下所述制备的正极和锂金属以分别作为工作电极和对电极。此外,将正极和负极以及隔膜以正极//隔膜//Li箔的顺序叠置,从而制备半纽扣电池。然后,将0.15mL上文(III.2)所述的EL基础1引入纽扣电池中。
II.3.2袋式电池
在Ar气填充的手套箱中,组装并密封包括如上文在III.1.1中所述制备的负极和根据III.1.2的石墨电极的单层袋式电池(70mA·h)。将正极和负极以及隔膜以正极//隔膜//负极的顺序叠置,从而制备数层袋式电池。然后,将0.8mL的EL基础2电解质引入层压袋式电池中。
III.电池性能的评价
纽扣半电池性能的评价
使用所制备的纽扣型电池组评价电池性能。对于电池组性能,测量电池的初始容量和反应电阻。如下测量初始性能和循环:
在室温下,在4.3V至2.8V的电压范围内测试根据II.3.1的纽扣型半电池。对于初始循环,以CC-CV模式进行初始锂化,即施加0.1C的恒定电流(CC)直至达到0.01C。在10分钟的静置时间后,在0.1C的恒定电流下进行还原锂化直至2.8V。对于循环,电流密度为1C。结果汇总在表1中。
表1:第1次循环性能和电化学
ASR:面积比电阻
放气:
将根据II.3.2的单层袋式电池充电至100%充电状态,在80℃下储存24小时,然后测量放气。
表2:放气
材料 | CAM.P | CAM.1 |
产气[mL] | 0.38 | 0.17 |
Claims (13)
1.电极活性材料,其包含:
(A)通式Li1+x1TM1-x1O2的核材料,其中TM为Ni与Mn、Co和Al中的至少一种以及任选的至少一种或多种选自Mg、Ti、Zr、Nb、Ta和W的金属的组合,x1为-0.05至0.2,和
(B)钴化合物和铝化合物以及钛化合物或锆化合物的颗粒,其中所述颗粒中锂与钴的摩尔比为0至小于1,并且其中所述颗粒附着在核材料的表面。
2.根据权利要求1所述的电极活性材料,其中TM为通式(I)的金属的组合:
(NiaCobMnc)1-dMd (I)
其中:
a为0.6-0.95,
b为0.025-0.2,
c为0.025-0.2,且
d为0-0.1,
M选自Al、Mg、Ti、Zr、Nb、Ta和W,以及前述中至少两种的组合,且a+b+c=1。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的电极活性材料,其中钴的平均氧化态高于+II且低于+III。
4.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的电极活性材料,其中所述颗粒(B)包含Co3O4。
5.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的电极活性材料,其中所述颗粒(B)包含比Ti、Zr和Al更多的钴。
6.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的电极活性材料,其中核(A)与颗粒(B)的重量比为1000:1至1:1。
7.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的电极活性材料,其中颗粒(B)具有10nm至10μm的平均直径(D50)。
8.制备根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的电极活性材料的方法,其包括以下步骤:
(a)提供通式Li1+x2TM1-x2O2的材料,其中TM为Ni与Mn、Co和Al中的至少一种以及任选的至少一种或多种选自Mg、Ti、Zr、Nb、Ta和W的金属的组合,x2为0-0.25,
(b)使所述材料与钴的氧化物或(氧)氢氧化物和Al和Ti或Zr各自的至少一种氧化物或氢氧化物或羟基氧化物接触,
(c)煅烧步骤(b)的中间体。
9.根据权利要求8所述的方法,其中步骤(c)在500-850℃的温度下进行。
10.根据权利要求8或9所述的方法,其中步骤(b)在混合器中进行。
11.根据权利要求8-10中任一项所述的方法,其中步骤(b)通过将钴的氧化物或(氧)氢氧化物和Al和Ti或Zr各自的至少一种氧化物或氢氧化物或羟基氧化物的含水浆料加入步骤(a)中提供的材料中,随后混合而进行。
12.电极,其包含:
(A)至少一种根据权利要求1-7中任一项所述的电极活性材料,
(B)导电形式的碳,和
(C)粘合剂。
13.二次电池组,其包含:
(1)至少一个根据权利要求12所述的电极,
(2)至少一个负极,和
(3)电解质。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP19204614 | 2019-10-22 | ||
EP19204614.2 | 2019-10-22 | ||
PCT/EP2020/079059 WO2021078626A1 (en) | 2019-10-22 | 2020-10-15 | Electrode active material and process for manufacturing said electrode active material |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN114514637A true CN114514637A (zh) | 2022-05-17 |
Family
ID=68342506
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN202080071155.8A Pending CN114514637A (zh) | 2019-10-22 | 2020-10-15 | 电极活性材料以及制备所述电极活性材料的方法 |
Country Status (10)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20220263069A1 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP4048637B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP2022554131A (zh) |
KR (1) | KR20220090500A (zh) |
CN (1) | CN114514637A (zh) |
CA (1) | CA3147529A1 (zh) |
ES (1) | ES2971225T3 (zh) |
HU (1) | HUE065478T2 (zh) |
PL (1) | PL4048637T3 (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2021078626A1 (zh) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2023227369A1 (en) | 2022-05-27 | 2023-11-30 | Basf Se | The use of an aqueous dispersion of a polymer p as a polymeric binder in electrode slurry composition for anodes of secondary batteries |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
KR101785265B1 (ko) * | 2013-12-17 | 2017-10-16 | 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 | 복합 양극 활물질, 이를 포함하는 양극, 리튬 전지, 및 이의 제조방법 |
KR102314045B1 (ko) * | 2014-12-18 | 2021-10-18 | 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 | 복합 양극 활물질, 그 제조방법, 이를 포함한 양극 및 리튬 전지 |
KR20170118486A (ko) * | 2016-04-15 | 2017-10-25 | 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 | 리튬 이차 전지용 양극 활물질 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차 전지 |
US11038159B2 (en) * | 2017-01-31 | 2021-06-15 | Lg Chem, Ltd. | Positive electrode active material for lithium secondary battery including lithium cobalt oxide having core-shell structure, method for producing the same, and positive electrode and secondary battery including the positive electrode active material |
-
2020
- 2020-10-15 EP EP20789179.7A patent/EP4048637B1/en active Active
- 2020-10-15 HU HUE20789179A patent/HUE065478T2/hu unknown
- 2020-10-15 CN CN202080071155.8A patent/CN114514637A/zh active Pending
- 2020-10-15 KR KR1020227010869A patent/KR20220090500A/ko unknown
- 2020-10-15 ES ES20789179T patent/ES2971225T3/es active Active
- 2020-10-15 JP JP2022523696A patent/JP2022554131A/ja active Pending
- 2020-10-15 WO PCT/EP2020/079059 patent/WO2021078626A1/en active Search and Examination
- 2020-10-15 CA CA3147529A patent/CA3147529A1/en active Pending
- 2020-10-15 US US17/754,954 patent/US20220263069A1/en active Pending
- 2020-10-15 PL PL20789179.7T patent/PL4048637T3/pl unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ES2971225T3 (es) | 2024-06-04 |
HUE065478T2 (hu) | 2024-05-28 |
JP2022554131A (ja) | 2022-12-28 |
US20220263069A1 (en) | 2022-08-18 |
EP4048637B1 (en) | 2023-12-06 |
EP4048637A1 (en) | 2022-08-31 |
CA3147529A1 (en) | 2021-04-29 |
KR20220090500A (ko) | 2022-06-29 |
WO2021078626A1 (en) | 2021-04-29 |
PL4048637T3 (pl) | 2024-04-29 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
JP2024112841A (ja) | 部分的にコーティングされた電極活物質の製造方法 | |
JP7443379B2 (ja) | 電極活物質の製造方法 | |
JP7438204B2 (ja) | 少なくとも部分的にコーティングされた電極活物質の製造方法 | |
EP3902037A1 (en) | Process for making a cathode active material for lithium ion batteries, and cathode active material | |
CN114008818A (zh) | 制备经涂覆的电极活性材料的方法 | |
EP4048637B1 (en) | Electrode active material and process for manufacturing said electrode active material | |
CN114586201A (zh) | 电极活性材料以及制备所述电极活性材料的方法 | |
JP2024505123A (ja) | 電極活物質の製造方法、及び電極活物質 | |
EP4229693B1 (en) | Process for making a coated cathode active material | |
EP4110733B1 (en) | Process for making an electrode active material, and electrode active material | |
WO2024208775A1 (en) | Cathode active materials comprising cobalt, and way of manufacture | |
CN115136340A (zh) | 制备经部分涂覆的电极活性材料的方法 | |
WO2024184112A1 (en) | Cathode active materials with a core-shell structure and their manufacture | |
JP2024502936A (ja) | 電極活物質の製造方法 | |
CN114072935A (zh) | 制备至少部分涂覆的电极活性材料的方法 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PB01 | Publication | ||
PB01 | Publication | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination |