CN114507987B - 一种垂直纤维阵列改性涂层织物及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种垂直纤维阵列改性涂层织物及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN114507987B
CN114507987B CN202210165960.8A CN202210165960A CN114507987B CN 114507987 B CN114507987 B CN 114507987B CN 202210165960 A CN202210165960 A CN 202210165960A CN 114507987 B CN114507987 B CN 114507987B
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fiber
coating
fabric
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fluff
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CN114507987A (zh
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饶金才
邹汉涛
高超
邹汉勇
聂福山
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Hubei Jinlong New Material Co ltd
Wuhan Textile University
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Wuhan Textile University
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Abstract

一种垂直纤维阵列改性涂层织物及其制备方法,所述涂层织物由基布、功能纤维粉体改性涂层以及功能短纤维绒毛三部分复合而成。本发明通过对织物结构进行改革,在功能纤维改性涂层中植入功能短纤维毛形成垂直纤维阵列,功能短纤维粉体以及绒毛可以具有阻燃、抗菌抗病毒、防辐射、拒水拒油等功能,可赋予涂层织物特殊功能;涂层织物在传统涂层织物的基础上明显提升了其耐磨、耐剥离、耐撕裂等性,在户外环境中有效延长了涂层织物的使用寿命,具有良好的经济效益和社会效益。

Description

一种垂直纤维阵列改性涂层织物及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及新材料领域,具体涉及一种高耐磨、耐撕裂和耐剥离的垂直纤维阵列改性涂层织物及其制备方法。
背景技术
涂层织物价格低廉、可加工性强,广泛应用于建筑和生活用型材。但由于涂层织物大多用于户外环境,使用过程中易受到自然界各种因素的影响,使涂层材料的耐磨性以及其他力学性能下降甚至丧失。尽管涂层织物在国内发展已经取得了一定的经济效益,但与国外相关企业相比,国内对于新型涂层织物的开发和研究仍然比较落后,涂层技术也与国外企业有较大差距,并且产量较低,耐久、耐磨以及力学性能无法满足快速增长的市场需求。要想使涂层织物在纺织领域有长足发展,必须要推陈出新。传统涂层织物虽然对原始基布的一些性能有一定提升,但耐磨以及各项力学性能等仍有极大提升空间。
涂层织物力学性能的改善在市场上逐渐遇到瓶颈,大多数提升涂层织物力学性能的方法都从其原材料下手,改变涂层浆料的配比或原料等,但改善效果均不太明显。
发明内容
本发明的目的是克服现技术的缺陷和不足,提供一种高耐磨、耐撕裂和耐剥离的垂直纤维阵列改性涂层织物及其制备方法。
为实现以上目的,本发明的技术解决方案是:一种高耐磨、耐撕裂和耐剥离的垂直纤维阵列改性涂层织物,包括基布, 其特征在于:所述基布的一侧或两侧面由内向外分别设置有底层功能粉体改性涂层、表层功能粉体改性涂层/功能膜和以垂直阵列形式分布于底层功能纤维粉体改性涂层和表层功能纤维粉体改性涂层/功能膜中的短纤维绒毛。
所连基布为机织布、经编布、纬编布、非织造布中的一种,原料为UHMWPE、芳纶纤维,聚酰亚胺纤维、聚苯硫醚纤维、碳纤维、涤纶、丙纶、锦纶、玻璃纤维、玄武岩纤维中的一种或几种。
所述表层功能粉体改性涂层和底层功能粉体改性涂层包含功能粉体和涂层剂,功能粉体随机分布于涂层剂中,表层功能粉体改性涂层和底层功能粉体改性涂层包含的功能粉体和涂层剂可以相同也可以不同;所述功能粉体包括功能纤维粉体或功能无机纳米粉体。
所述功能纤维粉体为麻纤维、蚕丝纤维、羊毛纤维、棉纤维、壳聚糖纤维、防辐射纤维、防紫外线纤维、阻燃改性纤维、抗菌纤维、吸波纤维、功能纤维粉体,粒径100nm~50μm之间,添加量为涂层剂的0~5wt%。
所述功能无机纳米粉体为纳米SiO2、纳米TiO2,ZnO,Fe2O3,Al2O3,炭黑,石墨烯,氧化石墨烯,Ag纳米粒子,银纳米线,CaCO3,高岭土,空心玻璃微珠,粒径100nm~1μm之间,添加量为涂层剂的0~10wt%;
所述涂层剂采用聚四氟乙烯、聚氯乙烯、聚丙烯酸酯、聚氨酯、聚乙烯、橡胶类涂层剂、热熔涂层整理剂等其中一种或几种。
所述表层功能膜采用聚合物挤出、压延或流延法生产的聚氨酯薄膜、聚乙烯薄膜、聚丙烯薄膜、聚苯乙烯、PTFE、PVDF薄膜等其中一种,通过添加功能无机纳米粉体母粒的方式赋予其功能,功能粉体母粒的添加为聚合物的0~15wt%。
所述短纤维绒毛为普通短纤维绒毛或功能短纤维绒毛,功能短纤维绒毛为双组份低熔点纤维、防辐射纤维、防紫外线纤维、阻燃纤维、抗菌纤维中的一种或几种切断或普通短纤维绒毛经防辐射、防紫外、阻燃、抗菌特殊功能整理获得,短纤维绒毛长度为0.3~1.2mm,所述双组分低熔点纤维为双组份皮芯结构低熔点纤维、双组份并列结构低熔点纤维。
一种高耐磨、耐撕裂和耐剥离的垂直纤维阵列改性涂层织物的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
1)材料准备:准备好所需原材料并检验合格,短纤维绒毛、功能粉体烘干,准备好所需原材料并检验合格,短纤维绒毛、功能粉体烘干,将功能粉体与涂层剂搅拌均匀后得到表层功能粉体改性涂层剂和底层功能粉体改性涂层剂;
2)将基布(11)经等离子处理、辐照处理、电晕处理、化学偶联剂处理、酸(或碱)处理或其它化学改性,提高其表面润湿性能;
3)正面底层涂层:采用辊涂、刀刮、喷雾方法将含有底层功能粉体改性涂层剂涂覆在步骤2)所得基布正面,获得正面底层湿涂层;
4)正面植绒:将步骤3)所得的织物送入高压静电区,采用静电使得短纤维绒毛定向移动,并飞向正面底层湿涂层,与之粘合,然后将织物送入烘干机内烘干、冷却,吸去多余绒毛,在织物正面形成一层垂直纤维阵列短纤维绒毛层。
5)表层涂层/功能覆膜:将步骤4)得到的织物其正面或正、反两面采用辊涂、刀刮、喷雾方法均匀涂覆一层表层功能粉体改性涂层剂或者采用聚合物挤出、压延或流延方法在织物正面或正、反两面涂覆一层功能膜,烘干并冷却,得到织物正面含有一层垂直纤维阵列改性涂层的最终成品。
按照步骤3)—步骤5)在基布反面进行反面涂层、反面植绒、反面表面涂层/功能覆膜,烘干、冷却,得到织物正、反两面含有一层垂直纤维阵列改性涂层的最终成品。
重复步骤4)—步骤5)在基布在正面进行多次正面涂层/功能覆膜、正面植绒,烘干、冷却,得到织物正面含有多层垂直纤维阵列改性涂层的最终成品。
重复步骤3)—步骤5)在基布在正、反面进行多次涂层、植绒、表面涂层/功能覆膜,烘干、冷却,得到织物正、反两面含有多层垂直纤维阵列改性涂层的最终成品。
所述步骤4)中植绒的过程为:烘干的短纤维绒毛在静电场的作用下,产生定向移动并与基布上的功能粉体改性涂层粘合,干燥后在基布表面形成一层垂直短纤维绒毛阵列,经冷却、吸绒后继续进行二次涂层或者功能覆膜,垂直纤维在两层涂层或者涂层与覆膜之间,形成销钉结构。如果短绒毛纤维选用双组份纤维短,加工工序中除最后一道烘干工序以外,烘干温度应低于双组分纤维低熔点纤维组分的熔点,保持其双组分纤维绒毛结构;而加工工序最后一道烘干过程的烘干温度应高于双组分纤维低熔点组分的熔点,但低于其高熔点组分的熔点,双组份纤维的低熔点组分熔融获得更好的粘接效果,纤维高熔点组分部分维持垂直阵列的纤维排列,在织物内部获得销钉结构。
所述步骤4)中短纤维绒毛需在80~120℃下烘干2~4小时,高压静电区电场电压为30 kV~40kV,极距为10 cm~20cm。
本发明在制备时可在织物一面或织物两面同时进行垂直阵列纤维改性涂层,也可以在织物一面或两面多次重复进行垂直阵列纤维改性涂层,获得不同的耐磨、耐撕裂和耐剥离效果。
本发明与现有技术相比,具有以下优点:
1、本发明通过对织物涂层结构进行改革,在功能纤维改性涂层中植入功能短纤维毛形成垂直纤维阵列,功能短纤维粉体以及绒毛可以具有阻燃、抗菌抗病毒、防辐射、拒水拒油等功能,可赋予涂层织物特殊的功能。
2、本发明将功能短纤维采用高压静电定向植入功能纤维粉体涂层的方法,垂直阵列的排列方式可使短纤维在涂层中起“销钉”角色,增强织物表面与涂层之间的相互作用力,与传统涂层织物相比,可明显提升涂层织物的耐磨、耐剥离、耐撕裂等性能,在户外环境中有效延长涂层织物的使用寿命,具有良好的经济效益和社会效益。如果短绒毛纤维选用双组份低熔点短纤维绒毛,烘干温度高于其低熔点纤维组分的熔点,但是低于其高熔点纤维组分的熔点,即能够获得更好的粘结效果,还能赋予维持垂直阵列的纤维排列。
附图说明
图1是垂直阵列纤维改性涂层织物的侧视图。
图2是垂直阵列纤维改性涂层织物制备流程图。
图3是高倍显微镜下垂直阵列纤维改性涂层织物的截面图。
图中:基布11,底层功能粉体改性涂层12,表层功能粉体改性涂层/功能膜13,短纤维绒毛14。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图说明和具体实施方式对本发明作进一步详细的说明。
实施例1
请参阅图1和图3,一种高耐磨、耐撕裂和耐剥离的垂直纤维阵列改性涂层织物,包括基布, 所述基布为平纹丙纶长丝机织物,所述基布的一侧面由内向外分别设置有底层功能粉体改性涂层、表层功能粉体改性涂层和以垂直阵列形式分布于底层功能纤维粉体改性涂层和表层功能纤维粉体改性涂层中的短纤维绒毛。所述底层功能粉体改性涂层和表层功能粉体改性涂层的涂层剂为PU浆料,所述底层功能粉体改性涂层选用的功能粉体为粒径350nm的SiO2气凝胶,表层功能粉体改性涂层选用的功能粉体为粒径250nm的Ag纳米粒子。底层功能粉体改性涂层和表层功能粉体改性涂层中分布有垂直阵列形式排列的长度1mm抗菌PP短纤维绒毛。
一种高耐磨、耐撕裂和耐剥离的垂直纤维阵列改性涂层织物的制备方法,参见图2,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
1)材料准备:准备好所需原材料并检验合格,抗菌PP短纤维绒毛和SiO2气凝胶在120℃下烘干2小时,将烘干的SiO2气凝胶与PU浆料搅拌均匀后得到SiO2气凝胶改性PU涂层剂,SiO2气凝胶添加量为涂层剂的3wt%,将Ag纳米粒子与PU浆料搅拌均匀后得到Ag纳米粒子改性PU涂层剂,Ag纳米粒子添加量为PU涂层剂的2wt%;
2)基布前处理:将丙纶长丝机织物基布经γ射线辐照处理,提高其表面润湿性能;
3)正面底层涂层:将步骤2)预处理后的基布正面均匀刮涂一层SiO2气凝胶改性PU涂层,获得正面底层湿涂层;
4)正面植绒:将步骤3)所得的织物送入高压静电区,电压为35 kV、极距为18cm,采用静电使得抗菌PP短纤维绒毛定向移动,并飞向正面底层湿涂层,与之粘合,然后将织物送入烘干机内烘干、冷却,吸去多余绒毛,在织物正面形成一层垂直纤维阵列PP短纤维绒毛层;
5)正面表层涂层:将步骤4)得到的织物正面采用辊涂的方法均匀涂覆一层Ag纳米粒子改性PU涂层,烘干并冷却,得到织物正面含有垂直纤维阵列改性涂层织物。
6)反面底层涂层:将步骤5)得到的织物反面均匀刮涂一层SiO2气凝胶改性PU涂层,获得反面底层湿涂层;
7)反面植绒:将步骤6)所得的织物送入高压静电区,电压为35 kV、极距为18cm,采用静电使得抗菌PP短纤维绒毛定向移动,并飞向反面底层湿涂层,与之粘合,然后将织物送入烘干机内烘干、冷却,吸去多余绒毛,在织物反面形成一层垂直纤维阵列短纤维绒毛层;
8)反面表层涂层:将步骤7)得到的织物其反面采用刀刮涂层的方法均匀涂覆一层Ag纳米粒子改性PU涂层,烘干并冷却,得到织物正面和反面均含有垂直纤维阵列的改性涂层织物。
所述步骤4)、步骤7)中植绒的过程为:烘干的抗菌PP短纤维绒毛在静电场的作用下,产生定向移动并与基布上的SiO2气凝胶改性PU涂层粘合,干燥后在基布上形成一层垂直短纤维绒毛阵列,经冷却、吸绒后继续进行二次涂层,垂直抗菌PP短纤维绒毛在底层SiO2气凝胶改性PU涂层和表层Ag纳米粒子改性PU涂层之间,形成销钉结构,增强织物表面与涂层之间的相互作用力,提升涂层织物的耐磨、耐剥离、耐撕裂等性能。其中底层PU涂层采用SiO2气凝胶改性,获得高效保暖的效果,表层PU涂层采用Ag纳米粒子改性,Ag纳米粒子具有抗菌性能,与抗菌PP短纤维绒毛一起赋予织物抗菌和抗静电的效果。
实施例2
请参阅图1和图3,一种高耐磨、耐撕裂和耐剥离的垂直纤维阵列改性涂层织物,包括基布,所述基布为平纹PA长丝机织物,所述基布的一侧面由内向外分别设置有底层功能粉体改性涂层、表层功能粉体改性涂层和以垂直阵列形式分布于底层功能粉体改性涂层和表层功能粉体改性涂层中的短纤维绒毛。所述底层功能粉体改性涂层和表层功能粉体改性涂层的涂层剂为PTFE浆料,所述功能粉体为粒径150nm的活性炭纤维粉体。底层功能粉体改性涂层和表层功能粉体改性涂层中分布有垂直阵列形式排列的长度0.8mm的阻燃PA短纤维绒毛。
一种高耐磨、耐撕裂和耐剥离的垂直纤维阵列改性涂层织物的制备方法,参见图2,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
1)材料准备:准备好所需原材料并检验合格,阻燃PA短纤维绒毛、活性炭纤维粉体在120℃下烘干2小时,将烘干的活性炭纤维粉体与PTFE浆料搅拌均匀后得到活性炭纤维粉体改性PTFE涂层剂,活性炭纤维粉体添加量为涂层剂的4wt%;
2)基布前处理:将PA长丝机织物基布经等离子处理,提高其表面润湿性能;
3)正面底层涂层:将步骤2)预处理后的基布正面均匀刮涂一层活性炭纤维粉体改性PTFE涂层,获得正面底层湿涂层;
4)正面植绒:将步骤3)所得的织物送入高压静电区,电压为30 kV、极距为20cm,采用静电使得阻燃PA短纤维绒毛定向移动,并飞向正面底层湿涂层,与之粘合,然后将织物送入烘干机内烘干、冷却,吸去多余绒毛,在织物正面形成一层垂直纤维阵列PA短纤维绒毛层;
5)正面表层涂层:将步骤4)得到的织物正面采用辊涂的方法均匀涂覆一层活性炭纤维粉体改性PTFE涂层,烘干并冷却,得到织物正面含有垂直纤维阵列改性涂层织物。
6)反面涂层:将步骤5)得到的织物反面均匀刮涂一层活性炭纤维粉体改性PTFE涂层,获得反面湿涂层,然后将织物送入烘干机内烘干、冷却,得到织物正面含有垂直纤维阵列改性涂层,反面为活性炭纤维改性PTFE涂层的织物。
所述步骤4)中植绒的过程为:烘干的阻燃PA短纤维绒毛在静电场的作用下,产生定向移动并与基布上的活性炭纤维粉体改性PTFE涂层粘合,干燥后在基布表面形成一层垂直短纤维绒毛阵列,经冷却、吸绒后继续进行二次涂层,垂直阻燃PA短纤维绒毛在两层活性炭纤维粉体改性PTFE涂层之间,形成销钉结构,增强织物表面与涂层之间的相互作用力,提升涂层织物的耐磨、耐剥离、耐撕裂等性能。PTFE涂层具有自清洁、阻燃性能,与阻燃PA短纤维绒毛一起赋予涂层织物良好的阻燃效果,活性炭纤维粉体具有除臭及吸附异味的功能。
实施例3
请参阅图1和图3,一种高耐磨、耐撕裂和耐剥离的垂直纤维阵列改性涂层织物,包括基布,所述基布为平纹PA长丝机织物,所述基布的一侧面由内向外含有多层功能粉体改性涂层和以垂直阵列形式分布于功能粉体改性涂层中的短纤维绒毛。所述功能粉体改性涂层的涂层剂为PTFE浆料,所述功能粉体为粒径150nm的活性炭纤维粉体。功能粉体改性涂层中分布有垂直阵列形式排列的长度0.8mm的阻燃PA短纤维绒毛。
一种高耐磨、耐撕裂和耐剥离的垂直纤维阵列改性涂层织物的制备方法,参见图2,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
1)材料准备:准备好所需原材料并检验合格,阻燃PA短纤维绒毛、活性炭纤维粉体在120℃下烘干2小时,将烘干的活性炭纤维粉体与PTFE浆料搅拌均匀后得到活性炭纤维粉体改性PTFE涂层剂,活性炭纤维粉体添加量为涂层剂的4wt%;
2)基布前处理:将PA长丝机织物基布经等离子处理,提高其表面润湿性能;
3)正面底层涂层:将步骤2)预处理后的基布正面均匀刮涂一层活性炭纤维粉体改性PTFE涂层,获得正面底层湿涂层;
4)正面植绒:将步骤3)所得的织物送入高压静电区,电压为30 kV、极距为20cm,采用静电使得阻燃PA短纤维绒毛定向移动,并飞向正面底层湿涂层,与之粘合,然后将织物送入烘干机内烘干、冷却,吸去多余绒毛,在织物正面形成一层垂直纤维阵列PA短纤维绒毛层;
5)正面涂层:将步骤4)得到的织物正面采用辊涂的方法均匀涂覆一层活性炭纤维粉体改性PTFE涂层;
6)正面二次植绒:将步骤5)所得的织物送入高压静电区,电压为30 kV、极距为20cm,采用静电使得阻燃PA短纤维绒毛定向移动,并飞向正面湿涂层,与之粘合,然后将织物送入烘干机内烘干、冷却,吸去多余绒毛,在织物正面形成两层垂直纤维阵列PA短纤维绒毛层;
7)正面表面涂层:将步骤6)得到的织物正面采用辊涂的方法均匀涂覆一层活性炭纤维粉体改性PTFE涂层,烘干并冷却,得到织物正面含有两层垂直纤维阵列改性涂层的织物。
8)反面涂层:将步骤8)得到的织物反面均匀刮涂一层活性炭纤维粉体改性PTFE涂层,获得反面湿涂层,然后将织物送入烘干机内烘干、冷却,得到织物正面含有两层垂直纤维阵列改性涂层,反面为活性炭纤维改性PTFE涂层的织物。
所述步骤4)、步骤6)中植绒的过程为:烘干的阻燃PA短纤维绒毛在静电场的作用下,产生定向移动并与基布上的活性炭纤维粉体改性PTFE涂层粘合,干燥后在基布表面形成一层垂直短纤维绒毛阵列,经冷却、吸绒后继续进行涂层,垂直阻燃PA短纤维绒毛在两层活性炭纤维粉体改性PTFE涂层之间,形成销钉结构,增强织物表面与涂层之间的相互作用力,提升涂层织物的耐磨、耐剥离、耐撕裂等性能。在织物正面进行多次植绒、涂层,可以获得多层含有垂直纤维阵列的涂层结构。PTFE涂层具有自清洁、阻燃性能,与阻燃PA短纤维绒毛一起赋予涂层织物良好的阻燃效果,活性炭纤维粉体具有除臭及吸附异味的功能。
实施例4
请参阅图1和图3,一种高耐磨、耐撕裂和耐剥离的垂直纤维阵列改性涂层织物,包括基布, 所述基布为斜纹尼龙机织物,所述基布的两侧面由内向外分别设置有底层无机功能粉体改性涂层、表层功能膜和以垂直阵列形式分布于底层无机功能粉体改性涂层和表层功能膜中的短纤维绒毛。所述底层无机功能粉体改性涂层的涂层剂为聚丙烯酸酯涂层浆料,所述无机功能粉体为粒径200nm的氧化石墨烯。底层无机功能粉体改性涂层和表层功能膜中分布有垂直阵列形式的长度为0.5mm的抗菌聚丙烯PP短纤维绒毛。
一种高耐磨、耐撕裂和耐剥离的垂直纤维阵列改性涂层织物的制备方法,参见图2,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
1)材料准备:准备好所需原材料并检验合格,氧化石墨烯粉体在120℃下烘干4小时,将烘干的氧化石墨烯GO粉体与聚丙烯酸酯涂层浆料搅拌均匀后得到GO粉体改性聚丙烯酸酯涂层剂,GO粉体占聚丙烯酸酯的2wt%,抗菌PP短纤维绒毛在120℃下烘干2小时;
2)基布前处理:将尼龙机织物基布经偶联剂处理,提高其表面润湿性能;
3)正面底层涂层:将步骤2)预处理后的基布正面均匀刮涂一层GO粉体改性聚丙烯酸酯涂层,获得正面底层湿涂层;
4)正面植绒:将步骤3)所得的织物送入高压静电区,电压为35 kV、极距为18cm,采用静电使得抗菌PP短纤维绒毛定向移动,并飞向正面底层湿涂层,与之粘合,然后将织物送入烘干机内烘干、冷却,吸去多余绒毛,在织物正面形成一层垂直纤维阵列PP短纤维绒毛层;
5)正面覆膜:将步骤4)得到的织物正面流延涂覆一层GO粉体改性聚氨酯膜,冷却,GO粉体占聚氨酯的2wt%,得到织物正面含有垂直纤维阵列改性涂层织物。
6)反面底层涂层:将步骤5)得到的织物反面均匀刮涂一层GO粉体改性聚丙烯酸酯涂层,获得反面底层湿涂层;
7)反面植绒:将步骤6)所得的织物送入高压静电区,电压为35 kV、极距为18cm,采用静电使得抗菌PP短纤维绒毛定向移动,并飞向反面底层湿涂层,与之粘合,然后将织物送入烘干机内烘干、冷却,吸去多余绒毛,在织物反面形成一层垂直纤维阵列PP短纤维绒毛层;
8)反面覆膜:将步骤7)得到的织物反面流延涂覆一层GO粉体改性聚氨酯膜,冷却,得到织物正面和反面均含有垂直纤维阵列改性涂层织物。
所述步骤4)、步骤7)中植绒的过程为:烘干的抗菌PP短纤维绒毛在静电场的作用下,产生定向移动并与基布上的GO粉体改性聚丙烯酸酯涂层粘合,干燥后在基布表面形成一层垂直短纤维绒毛阵列,经冷却、吸绒后继续进覆膜,垂直抗菌PP短纤维绒毛在GO粉体改性聚丙烯酸酯涂层和GO改性聚氨酯膜之间,形成销钉结构,增强织物表面与涂层之间的相互作用力,提升涂层织物的耐磨、耐剥离、耐撕裂等性能。GO纤维具有抗菌性能、导电性,与抗菌PP短纤维绒毛一起赋予涂层织物的抗菌效果。
实施例5
请参阅图1和图3,一种高耐磨、耐撕裂和耐剥离的垂直纤维阵列改性涂层织物,包括基布, 所述基布为斜纹PET长丝机织物,所述基布的两侧面由内向外分别设置有底层功能粉体改性涂层、表层功能膜和以垂直阵列形式分布于底层功能纤维粉体改性涂层和表层功能膜中的短纤维绒毛。所述底层功能粉体改性涂层的涂层剂为PU涂层浆,所述功能纤维粉体为粒径280nm的纳米TiO2粉体。底层功能纤维粉体改性涂层和表层功能纤维粉体改性涂层中分布有垂直阵列形式的双组分皮芯纤维绒毛,其中涤纶作为芯层,低熔点聚酯作为皮层,芯层熔点为110℃,皮层熔点250℃,截取长度为1.0mm。
一种高耐磨、耐撕裂和耐剥离的垂直纤维阵列改性涂层织物的制备方法,参见图2,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
1)材料准备:准备好所需原材料并检验合格,双组分皮芯纤维绒毛、纳米TiO2粉体在80℃下烘干4小时,将烘干的纳米TiO2粉体与PU的拌混料搅拌均匀后得到纳米TiO2粉体改性PU涂层剂,纳米TiO2添加量为涂层剂的6wt%,;
2)基布前处理:将PET长丝机织物基布经等离子处理,提高其表面润湿性能;
3)正面底层涂层:将步骤2)预处理后的基布正面均匀刮涂一层纳米TiO2粉体改性PU涂层,获得正面底层湿涂层;
4)正面植绒:将步骤3)所得的织物送入高压静电区,电压为30 kV、极距为20cm,采用静电使得双组分皮芯纤维绒毛定向移动,并飞向正面底层湿涂层,与之粘合,然后将织物送入烘干机内烘干,烘箱温度为95℃,冷却,吸去多余绒毛,在织物正面形成一层垂直纤维阵列双组分皮芯纤维绒毛层;
5)正面表层涂层:将步骤4)得到的织物正面采用辊涂的方式均匀涂覆一层纳米TiO2粉体改性PVC涂层,烘干,烘箱温度为95℃,冷却,得到织物正面含有垂直纤维阵列的改性涂层织物。
6)反面底层涂层:将步骤5)得到的织物反面均匀刮涂一层纳米TiO2粉体改性PU涂层,获得反面底层湿涂层;
7)反面植绒:将步骤6)所得的织物送入高压静电区,电压为30 kV、极距为20cm,采用静电使得双组分皮芯纤维绒毛定向移动,并飞向反面底层湿涂层,与之粘合,然后将织物送入烘干机内烘干,烘箱温度为95℃,冷却,吸去多余绒毛,在织物反面形成一层垂直纤维阵列短绒毛层;
8)反面表层涂层:将步骤7)得到的织物其反面采用辊涂的方式均匀涂覆一层纳米TiO2粉体改性PVC涂层,烘干,烘箱温度为130℃,冷却,得到织物正面和反面均含有垂直纤维阵列改性涂层织物。
所述步骤4)、步骤7)中植绒的过程为:烘干的双组分皮芯纤维绒毛在静电场的作用下,产生定向移动并与基布上的纳米TiO2粉体改性PU涂层粘合,干燥后在基布表面形成一层垂直短纤维绒毛阵列,经冷却、吸绒后继续进行二次涂层,二次涂层的烘干温度为130℃,高于其低熔点皮层组分的熔点(110℃),但是低于其高熔点芯层组分的熔点(250℃),让双组份皮芯纤维的低熔点皮层部分熔融,冷却后与涂层之间产生良好的粘接作用,高熔点纤维芯层部分在两层纳米TiO2粉体改性PU涂层之间维持垂直阵列的纤维排列,形成销钉结构,增强织物表面与涂层之间的相互作用力,提升涂层织物的耐磨、耐剥离、耐撕裂等性能。纳米TiO2具有紫外光抗菌能力,与抗菌PP短纤维联合赋予涂层织物一定的抗菌效果。
实施例6
请参阅图1和图3,一种高耐磨、耐撕裂和耐剥离的垂直纤维阵列改性涂层织物,包括基布, 所述基布为平纹PET长丝机织物,所述基布的两侧面由内向外分别设置有底层功能粉体改性涂层、表层功能粉体改性涂层和以垂直阵列形式分布于底层功能纤维粉体改性涂层和表层功能纤维粉体改性涂层中的短纤维绒毛。所述底层功能粉体改性涂层和表层功能粉体改性涂层的涂层剂为100份 EPVC、72份 DOP、5份DOA、10份碳酸钙、10份纳米二氧化钛、3份稳定剂搅拌均匀得到的拌混料,所述功能纤维粉体为粒径280nm的大麻纤维粉体。底层功能纤维粉体改性涂层和表层功能纤维粉体改性涂层中分布有垂直阵列形式的抗菌聚己内酯PA短纤维绒毛,其长度分别截取0.5mm、1.0mm、1.2mm备用。
一种高耐磨、耐撕裂和耐剥离的垂直纤维阵列改性涂层织物的制备方法,参见图2,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
1)材料准备:准备好所需原材料并检验合格,抗菌PA短纤维绒毛在120℃下烘干2小时,大麻纤维粉体在80℃下烘干4小时,将烘干的大麻纤维粉体与聚氯乙烯的拌混料搅拌均匀后得到大麻纤维粉体改性PVC涂层剂,大麻纤维粉体添加量为涂层剂的5wt%;
2)基布前处理:将PET长丝机织物基布经等离子处理,提高其表面润湿性能;
3)正面底层涂层:将步骤2)预处理后的基布正面均匀刮涂一层大麻纤维粉体改性PVC涂层,获得正面底层湿涂层;
4)正面植绒:将步骤3)所得的织物送入高压静电区,电压为30 kV、极距为20cm,采用静电使得抗菌PA短纤维绒毛定向移动,并飞向正面底层湿涂层,与之粘合,然后将织物送入烘干机内烘干、冷却,吸去多余绒毛,在织物正面形成一层垂直纤维阵列PA短纤维绒毛层;
5)正面表层涂层:将步骤4)得到的织物正面采用刀刮涂层的方法均匀涂覆一层大麻纤维粉体改性PVC涂层,烘干并冷却,得到织物正面含有垂直纤维阵列改性涂层织物。
6)反面底层涂层:将步骤5)得到的织物反面均匀刮涂一层大麻纤维粉体改性PVC涂层,获得反面底层湿涂层;
7)反面植绒:将步骤6)所得的织物送入高压静电区,电压为30 kV、极距为20cm,采用静电使得抗菌PA短纤维绒毛定向移动,并飞向反面底层湿涂层,与之粘合,然后将织物送入烘干机内烘干、冷却,吸去多余绒毛,在织物反面形成一层垂直纤维阵列短纤维绒毛层;
8)反面表层涂层:将步骤7)得到的织物其反面采用刀刮涂层的方法均匀涂覆一层大麻纤维粉体改性PVC涂层,烘干并冷却,得到织物正面和反面均含有垂直纤维阵列改性涂层织物。
所述步骤4)、步骤7)中植绒的过程为:烘干的抗菌PA短纤维绒毛在静电场的作用下,产生定向移动并与基布上的大麻纤维粉体改性PVC涂层粘合,干燥后在基布表面形成一层垂直短纤维绒毛阵列,经冷却、吸绒后继续进行二次涂层,垂直抗菌PA短纤维绒毛在两层大麻纤维粉体改性PVC涂层之间,形成销钉结构。大麻纤维具有抗菌性能,PVC浆料中也含有光催化抗菌剂TiO2,与抗菌PA短纤维绒毛一起赋予涂层织物良好的抗菌效果。
垂直阵列纤维改性涂层织物的耐磨以及力学性能测试数据见下表。
Figure 349606DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
经过试验,本发明涂层织物具有更优良的耐磨、耐剥离以及耐撕裂性能。具体包括:
1)耐磨性:短纤维与涂层结合,使织物的表观密度增大,短纤维头端伸出涂层表面使织物的毛羽含量增加,耐磨性增大。
2)耐剥离性能:垂直阵列纤维改性涂层织物的剥离强力在纯涂层织物基础上有明显的提升趋势,并且随着绒毛长度的增加,织物的剥离强力也逐渐增加;垂直阵列纤维改性涂层织物的绒毛在一定程度上起到了固定基布与涂层浆料的“销钉”作用,并且随绒毛长度的增加,基布与涂层间的作用力更大,涂层织物的剥离强力更大。
3)耐撕裂性能:垂直阵列纤维改性涂层织物的撕裂强力在纯涂层织物基础上有明显的提升趋势。

Claims (8)

1.一种垂直纤维阵列改性涂层织物,包括基布(11), 其特征在于:所述基布(11)的一侧或两侧面由内向外分别设置有底层功能粉体改性涂层(12)、表层功能粉体改性涂层或表层功能膜和以垂直阵列形式分布于底层功能纤维粉体改性涂层(12)和表层功能粉体改性涂层或表层功能膜中的短纤维绒毛(14);
所述底层功能粉体改性涂层(12)和表层功能粉体改性涂层包含功能粉体和涂层剂,功能粉体随机分布于涂层剂中;所述功能粉体包括功能纤维粉体或功能无机纳米粉体;
所述功能纤维粉体为防辐射纤维、防紫外线纤维、阻燃改性纤维、抗菌纤维、吸波纤维,粒径100nm~50000nm之间,添加量为涂层剂的0~5wt%;功能无机纳米粉体为SiO2气凝胶、纳米TiO2、ZnO、Fe2O3、Al2O3、炭黑、石墨烯、氧化石墨烯、Ag纳米粒子、银纳米线、CaCO3、高岭土、空心玻璃微珠,粒径100nm~1000nm之间,添加量为涂层剂的0~10wt%;
所述涂层剂采用聚四氟乙烯、聚氯乙烯、聚丙烯酸酯、聚乙烯其中一种或几种;
所述表层功能膜采用聚合物挤出、压延或流延法生产的聚乙烯薄膜、聚丙烯薄膜、聚苯乙烯、PTFE、PVDF薄膜其中一种,通过添加功能无机纳米粉体母粒的方式赋予其功能,功能粉体母粒的添加为聚合物的0~15wt%;
所述短纤维绒毛(14)为普通短纤维绒毛或功能短纤维绒毛,功能短纤维绒毛为双组份低熔点纤维、防辐射纤维、防紫外线纤维、阻燃纤维、抗菌纤维中的一种或几种切断或普通短纤维绒毛经防辐射、防紫外、阻燃、抗菌功能整理获得,短纤维绒毛(14)长度为0.5~1.2mm,所述双组分低熔点纤维为双组份皮芯结构低熔点纤维、双组份并列结构低熔点纤维。
2.根据权利要求1所述的垂直纤维阵列改性涂层织物,其特征在于:所连基布(11)为机织布、经编布、纬编布、非织造布中的一种,原料为UHMWPE、芳纶纤维,聚酰亚胺纤维、聚苯硫醚纤维、碳纤维、涤纶、丙纶、锦纶、玻璃纤维、玄武岩纤维中的一种或几种。
3.根据权利要求1-2中任一项所述的垂直纤维阵列改性涂层织物,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
1)材料准备:准备好所需原材料并检验合格,短纤维绒毛、功能粉体烘干,将功能粉体与涂层剂搅拌均匀后得到表层功能粉体改性涂层剂和底层功能粉体改性涂层剂;
2)基布前处理:将基布(11)经等离子处理、辐照处理、电晕处理、化学偶联剂处理、酸或碱处理或其它化学改性,提高其表面润湿性能;
3)正面底层涂层:采用辊涂、刀刮、喷雾方法将含有底层功能粉体改性涂层剂涂覆在步骤2)所得基布正面,获得正面底层湿涂层;
4)正面植绒:将步骤3)所得的织物送入高压静电区,采用静电使得短纤维绒毛定向移动,并飞向正面底层湿涂层,与之粘合,然后将织物送入烘干机内烘干、冷却,吸去多余绒毛,在织物正面形成一层垂直纤维阵列短纤维绒毛层;
5)表层涂层/功能覆膜:将步骤4)得到的织物其正面或正反两面采用辊涂、刀刮、喷雾方法均匀涂覆一层表层功能粉体改性涂层剂或者采用聚合物挤出、压延或流延方法在织物正面或正反两面涂覆一层功能膜,烘干并冷却,得到织物正面含有一层垂直纤维阵列改性涂层的最终成品。
4.根据权利要求3所述的垂直纤维阵列改性涂层织物,其特征在于:按照步骤3)—步骤5)在基布反面进行反面底层涂层、反面植绒、反面表面涂层/功能覆膜,烘干、冷却,得到织物正、反两面含有一层垂直纤维阵列改性涂层的最终成品。
5.根据权利要求3所述的垂直纤维阵列改性涂层织物,其特征在于:重复步骤4)—步骤5)在基布在正面进行多次正面涂层/功能覆膜、正面植绒,烘干、冷却,得到织物正面含有多层垂直纤维阵列改性涂层的最终成品。
6.根据权利要求3所述的垂直纤维阵列改性涂层织物,其特征在于:重复步骤3)—步骤5)在基布在正、反面进行多次涂层、植绒、表面涂层/功能覆膜,烘干、冷却,得到织物正、反两面含有多层垂直纤维阵列改性涂层的最终成品。
7.根据权利要求3所述的垂直纤维阵列改性涂层织物的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤4)中植绒的过程为:烘干的短纤维绒毛在静电场的作用下,产生定向移动并与基布上的功能粉体改性涂层粘合,干燥后在基布表面形成一层垂直短纤维绒毛阵列,经冷却、吸绒后继续进行二次涂层或者功能覆膜,垂直纤维在两层涂层或者涂层与覆膜之间,形成销钉结构;如果短绒毛纤维选用双组份纤维,加工工序中除最后一道烘干工序以外,烘干温度应低于双组分纤维低熔点纤维组分的熔点,保持其双组分纤维绒毛结构;而加工工序最后一道烘干过程的烘干温度应高于双组分纤维低熔点组分的熔点,但低于其高熔点组分的熔点,双组份纤维的低熔点组分熔融获得更好的粘接效果,纤维高熔点组分维持垂直阵列的纤维排列,在织物内部获得销钉结构。
8.根据权利要求3所述的垂直纤维阵列改性涂层织物的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤4)中短纤维绒毛需在80~120℃下烘干2~4小时,高压静电区电场电压为30 kV~40kV,极距为10 cm~20cm。
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