CN114503957B - Method for cooperatively disposing straws by utilizing insects and minerals - Google Patents
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- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 69
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 241000209140 Triticum Species 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 241000032989 Ipomoea lacunosa Species 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 241000130993 Scarabaeus <genus> Species 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron oxide Inorganic materials [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- NDLPOXTZKUMGOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoferriooxy)iron hydrate Chemical compound O.O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O NDLPOXTZKUMGOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 235000007689 Borago officinalis Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum;dioxosilane;oxygen(2-);hydrate Chemical compound O.[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3].O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052901 montmorillonite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052588 hydroxylapatite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- XYJRXVWERLGGKC-UHFFFAOYSA-D pentacalcium;hydroxide;triphosphate Chemical compound [OH-].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O XYJRXVWERLGGKC-UHFFFAOYSA-D 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N ferrosoferric oxide Chemical compound O=[Fe]O[Fe]O[Fe]=O SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 235000003642 hunger Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000037351 starvation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 241000254062 Scarabaeidae Species 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000005431 greenhouse gas Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000002154 agricultural waste Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000009270 solid waste treatment Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 9
- -1 alkyl carbon Chemical compound 0.000 description 8
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical class 0.000 description 6
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- 238000004482 13C cross polarization magic angle spinning Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 241000767510 Protaetia brevitarsis Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000033558 biomineral tissue development Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009683 detection of insect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000029087 digestion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000000936 intestine Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009919 sequestration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000254043 Melolonthinae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001722 carbon compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910021386 carbon form Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000000975 co-precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001079 digestive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 241001233061 earthworms Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000011389 fruit/vegetable juice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 210000001035 gastrointestinal tract Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000003864 humus Substances 0.000 description 1
- QWPPOHNGKGFGJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hypochlorous acid Chemical compound ClO QWPPOHNGKGFGJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002354 inductively-coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000968 intestinal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920005610 lignin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 210000003750 lower gastrointestinal tract Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000021049 nutrient content Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000029058 respiratory gaseous exchange Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001864 tannin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001648 tannin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000018553 tannin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/033—Rearing or breeding invertebrates; New breeds of invertebrates
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Physiology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention is applicable to the field of solid waste treatment, carbon fixation and emission reduction, and provides a method for cooperatively disposing straws by utilizing insects and minerals, which comprises the following steps: step one: cleaning, drying and crushing the wheat straw to the length of 1mm; step two: mixing the five minerals of hydroxyapatite, montmorillonite, ferroferric oxide, ferric oxide and aluminum oxide with straw according to the proportion of 10% and 30%; step three: putting the white star flower scarab larvae subjected to starvation treatment into the straw mixture in the second step, recording the initial weight, keeping the humidity of the straw mixture to be 40%, wrapping the beaker by using tinfoil, enabling the jacks to be breathable, and putting the beaker into a dark artificial climate box for feeding for 10 days; step four: and picking out the larvae, recording the weight, drying the produced insect manure at 40 ℃, grinding and sieving with a 100-mesh sieve, and detecting. The invention can effectively relieve the problem of greenhouse gas emission caused by direct straw returning, and opens up a new way for efficiently utilizing agricultural wastes, fixing carbon and reducing emission.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of carbon fixation and emission reduction in solid waste treatment, and particularly relates to a method for cooperatively treating straws by utilizing insects and minerals.
Background
Researches show that the straw can directly return to the field to influence the composition and the function of microbial communities, promote the respiration of soil and the decomposition and mineralization of microorganisms on organic matters of the soil and easily mineralized organic carbon components in the straw, and accelerate the emission of greenhouse gases of the soil. The soil organic carbon bank is used as the largest carbon bank in the global land ecological system, and small changes of the soil organic carbon bank can lead to CO in the atmosphere 2 The concentration fluctuates greatly. Thus, the ability of the soil to fix carbon determines to a large extent the CO in the atmosphere 2 Is a concentration of (3).
In recent years, research has found that soil-dwelling invertebrates, including earthworms and chafer species, can effectively convert various Organic Matters (OM) into nutrient-rich Organic fertilizers and edible proteins, and are an environment-friendly efficient straw waste utilization method. White star scarab (Protaetia brevitarsis, PB) is a common coleopteran soil-borne insect. The larvae (Protaetia brevitarsis larvae, PBL) take OM as food, and the feed comprises humus, crushed straw, sawdust and the like, the straw daily intake amount can reach 0.57g, the conversion efficiency from straw to worm manure is up to 86%, and the worm bodies can be used as medicinal materials or feeds and are commercially cultivated at present to produce high-quality organic fertilizers. Straw is digested by PBL, OM is broken down into a digestible state, dissolved in the PBL intestine by alkaline digestive juice, further enzymatically hydrolyzed in the middle intestine, further fermented in the microbiologically dense hindgut, and the residue and persistent OM are reprecipitated and excreted. Thus, most of the OM that is biodegradable by microorganisms is digested and absorbed by the PBL and intestinal microorganisms together. After minerals are added into the straw, the straw ingested by PBL interacts with the minerals in the digestion process of the straw, and the organic-mineral composite is formed by conversion (the mineral combined organic carbon refers to organic carbon fixed by the minerals in the modes of coordination exchange, cation bridging and the like, and has the characteristics of strong stability, difficult degradation by microorganisms and difficult mineralization), so that the effect of carbon fixation is achieved. Therefore, we propose a carbon sequestration and emission reduction technology (SFM carbon sequestration and emission reduction technology for short) based on a Straw (Straw) -soil animal (Fauna) -soil Mineral (Mineral) system, which provides theoretical basis and technical support for realizing agricultural carbon neutralization carbon peak and even carbon profit.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention aims to provide a method for cooperatively disposing straws by utilizing insects and minerals, which aims to solve the problem of greenhouse gas emission caused by direct returning of the straws to the field.
The embodiment of the invention is realized in such a way that the method for cooperatively treating the straws by utilizing the insects and the minerals comprises the following steps:
step one: cleaning, drying and crushing the wheat straw to about 1mm in length;
step two: mixing the five minerals of hydroxyapatite, montmorillonite, ferroferric oxide, ferric oxide and aluminum oxide with straw in a beaker according to the proportion of 10% and 30%, and setting three parallel control groups for each treatment;
step three: putting the white star flower scarab larvae subjected to starvation treatment into the straw mixture in the second step, recording the initial weight, keeping the humidity of the straw mixture to be 40%, wrapping the beaker by using tinfoil, enabling the jacks to be breathable, and putting the beaker into a dark artificial climate box for feeding for 10 days;
step four: and picking out the larvae, recording the weight, drying the produced insect manure at 40 ℃, grinding and sieving with a 100-mesh sieve, and detecting.
According to a further technical scheme, the consumption of the wheat straw in each beaker in the second step is 10g.
According to a further technical scheme, the addition amount of each mineral in the second step is the dry weight mass ratio of the mineral to the wheat straw powder.
According to a further technical scheme, the temperature of the artificial climate box in the third step is 25 ℃, and the relative humidity is 50%.
In a further technical scheme, five white star flower scarab larvae are placed in each beaker in the third step.
According to a further technical scheme, the hunger treatment in the third step is to place the larvae in a container which is covered by only the worm manure and has no food, and place the larvae in a dark artificial climate box for 7 days for cultivation.
According to the method for cooperatively disposing the straw by utilizing the insects and the minerals, provided by the embodiment of the invention, the straw and the mineral mixture is fed and converted by the white star flower scarab larvae, the relative content of stable organic carbon in the obtained insect manure is higher than that of the straw, and the problem of greenhouse gas emission caused by direct returning of the straw to the field can be effectively relieved.
The white star flower scarab larvae used in the invention have higher straw conversion efficiency, the straw feeding amount per day is 0.57g, and the conversion efficiency from straw to insect manure is up to 86%. The insect body is rich in high protein, and can be used as medicinal material or feed. The white star flower scarab larvae are easy to raise, the larva period is up to 125-142 days, and the white star flower scarab larvae have higher straw treatment potential.
The invention uses crop straws such as wheat and the like as raw materials, has large yield, low cost and simple preparation process, and opens up a new way for efficiently utilizing agricultural wastes, fixing carbon and reducing emission.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an NMR chart of the insect manure obtained by different treatment conversions of a method for co-processing straw by using insects and minerals according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is an SEM and EDS diagram of the insect manure obtained by different treatment conversions in the method for co-treating straw with insects and minerals according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and examples, in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Specific implementations of the invention are described in detail below in connection with specific embodiments.
Example 1:
production and detection of insect manure
The wheat straw is cleaned, dried and crushed to a length of about 1 mm. 10g of wheat straw powder was weighed into a beaker. Hydroxyapatite (HAP), montmorillonite (MMT), and ferroferric oxide (Fe) 3 O 4 ) Ferric oxide (Fe) 2 O 3 ) Alumina (Al) 2 O 3 ) Five minerals were thoroughly mixed with straw at a weight ratio of 10% and 30%, 3 parallel per treatment. 5 white star flower scarab larvae which record the initial weight and are subjected to starvation treatment are respectively put into the mixture of the straw and the minerals. The humidity of the straw mixture was kept at 40%. Wrapping the beaker with tinfoil, ventilating the holes, and placing the beaker into a dark artificial climate box at 25 ℃ with relative humidity of 50% for feeding. After 10 days of feeding, the larvae were picked out and weights were recorded. Drying the insect manure produced by each treatment at 40 ℃, grinding and sieving the insect manure with a 100-mesh sieve. Sample ofThe details of the treatment are shown in Table 1.
Further measuring the content of water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) and the content of Organic Carbon (OC) as well as the content of K, P and other elements of the insect manure obtained in the example: the OC, TN content was analyzed using an elemental analyzer (Hanau, germany) by selecting an appropriate amount of worm manure passing through a 100 mesh screen. The content of water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) in the insect manure is 0.034mol L -1 1K 2 SO 4 Extraction (1:5 w/v) was performed and measured with TOC.
Further characterizing the morphology and the relative content of organic carbon in different treated worm droppings by 13C CPMAS NMR; the microstructure of the mineral-treated worm-feces powder is characterized by a scanning electron microscope and an energy spectrum. In the above measurement method, the test parameters at the time of 13C CPMAS NMR detection are as follows: the rotor diameter was 4mm, the resonance frequency was 125.8MHz, the contact time was 2ms, the cyclic delay time was 2.5s, the number of scans was 6000, and the remaining parameters were automatically set with reference to the machine.
TABLE 1 sample treatment details including mineral type and amount
Comparative example 1:
(1) Production and detection of insect manure
The wheat straw is cleaned, dried and crushed to a length of about 1 mm. 10g of wheat straw powder was weighed into a beaker and 3 parallel were set. 5 white star flower scarab larvae which record the initial weight and are subjected to starvation treatment are respectively put into the straws. The humidity of the straw is kept to be 40 percent. Wrapping the beaker with tinfoil, ventilating the holes, and feeding in a dark artificial climate box at 25deg.C with relative humidity of 50%. After 10 days of feeding, the larvae were picked out and weights were recorded. Drying the insect manure produced by each treatment at 40 ℃, grinding and sieving the insect manure with a 100-mesh sieve.
Further water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) content, OC content measurement and K, P and other element measurement are carried out on the insect manure obtained in the comparative example: selecting proper amount of insect manure passing through 100 mesh sieve, passing through 0.034mol L -1 K 2 SO 4 Extraction of WSOC (1:5 w/v) and determination with TOC; the content of OC, TN was analyzed using an elemental analyzer (Hanau, germany); the worm manure is treated by HNO 3 :HClO 4 Digestion was performed with mixed acid=3:1, and elemental measurement was performed with ICP-OES (Agilent 5000). And further characterizing the organic carbon form and the relative content of the organic carbon in different treated insect manure by 13 CCPMS NMR; the microstructure of the mineral-treated worm-feces powder is characterized by a scanning electron microscope and an energy spectrum. In the above measurement method, the test parameters at the time of 13C CPMAS NMR detection are as follows: the rotor diameter was 4mm, the resonance frequency was 125.8MHz, the contact time was 2ms, the cyclic delay time was 2.5s, the number of scans was 6000, and the remaining parameters were automatically set with reference to the machine.
The total P and total K content of the nutrient elements in the wheat straw and the wheat straw worm manure are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2 content of nutrient elements P and K in wheat straw and wheat straw worm feces
As can be seen from the data in Table 2, the total P in the obtained insect manure is 42.06 times and 2.47 times of the total K in the wheat straw after feeding and transformation of the white star flower scarab larvae. Therefore, compared with wheat straw, the insect manure has higher nutrient content, and is a high-quality organic fertilizer.
The OC, the WSOC values and the ratio of WSOC in the produced manure under different treatments are shown in Table 3.
TABLE 3 value of OC, WSOC and ratio of WSOC in OC in different treatments of insect manure
Note that: hydroxyapatite (HAP), montmorillonite (MMT), ferroferric oxide (Fe) 3 O 4 ) Ferric oxide (Fe) 2 O 3 ) Alumina (Al) 2 O 3 )
From the data in table 3, it can be seen that the addition of minerals reduced the OC and WSOC content in the worm manure and the percentage of WSOC in the OC. WSOC in the worm manure was reduced by 19.18%,5.95%,33.63%,18.81% and 20.25% in the treatment with 10% mineral, respectively, compared to the control. In the treatment with 30% mineral addition, the WSOC in the faeces was reduced by 49.51%,29.56%,35.89%,41.97% and 43.55%, respectively. The percentage of WSOC in OC in the worm-feces was reduced by 2.71%,0.03%,13.57%,4.44% and 5.89%, respectively, in the treatment with 10% mineral compared to the control. In the treatment of adding 30% of minerals, the percentage of WSOC in OC in the insect manure is reduced by 5.58%,2.80%,3.32%,3.86% and 4.26% of water-soluble organic carbon are regarded as being composed of unstable organic carbon compounds, so that the type and the amount of the minerals with the best carbon fixing effect are determined to be 10% of ferric oxide, and the percentage of the WSOC in the OC in the insect manure can be reduced to the greatest extent.
To verify the effect of mineral processing on the chemical structure of organic carbon in the manure in the method of the invention, 13C CPMAS NMR was used to detect changes in the chemical structure of organic carbon in the manure.
As can be seen from fig. 1 in combination with the data in table 4:
the chemical shift ranges 0 to 45ppm,45 to 110ppm,110 to 140ppm,140 to 160ppm and 160 to 220ppm are alkyl carbon, O/N-alkyl carbon, C-substituted aromatic carbon, O-substituted aromatic carbon and carboxyl carbon, respectively. The NMR main peaks and the maximum signal intensity of all the worm droppings are in the O/N-alkyl carbon region, and then alkyl carbon, C substituted aromatic carbon and carboxyl carbon are the second, and the content of the O substituted aromatic carbon is the smallest. Alkyl carbon, aromatic carbon, and the like characterize lignin, tannins, and the like that are difficult to utilize, i.e., recalcitrant carbon. The results in Table 4 show that the alkyl carbon content in the manure is significantly increased after the mineral addition. The percentage of alkyl carbon in the ferric oxide and the ferric oxide manure in the 10% treatment is increased by 19% and 22% respectively compared with the control. The percentage of alkyl carbon in the montmorillonite and the ferroferric oxide manure in the 30 percent treatment is respectively increased by 22 percent and 29.7 percent. In addition, the aromatic carbon content in 10% ferric oxide and 30% ferric oxide is significantly improved by 59.8% and 41.4%. Studies have shown that iron plays an important role in the accumulation of organic carbon in the soil, and that iron participates in physical, chemical and biological protection mechanisms by promoting the formation of agglomerates, co-precipitation and adsorption with organic carbon, and affecting microbial activity, respectively.
TABLE 4 relative content of organic carbon in insect manure
Note that: hydroxyapatite (HAP), montmorillonite (MMT), ferroferric oxide (Fe) 3 O 4 ) Ferric oxide (Fe) 2 O 3 ) Alumina (Al) 2 O 3 )
In order to more vividly verify the influence of mineral treatment on the chemical structure of organic carbon in the insect manure, the combination mode of minerals and organic carbon in the insect manure is characterized by combining STM with EDS.
From the data in fig. 2, it can be seen that:
the image of the scanning electron microscope shows the microstructure of the mineral-processed insect manure powder, and the added mineral particles tightly wrap the organic matters (such as straw) in the insect manure to form mineral-combined organic matters, so that the decomposition of the organic matters in the intestinal tracts of the white star flower scarab larvae is greatly reduced, and the data of OC and WSOC are consistent. EDS results showed that 10% ferric oxide treated manure had the highest carbon content.
Considering the price and the use amount of minerals and the carbon fixing effect thereof, 10% ferric oxide treatment is preferable as the optimal addition.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to be limiting, but rather is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and principles of the invention.
Claims (1)
1. A method for cooperatively disposing straws by utilizing insects and minerals, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one: cleaning, drying and crushing the wheat straw to the length of 1mm;
step two: mixing the five minerals of hydroxyapatite, montmorillonite, ferroferric oxide, ferric oxide and aluminum oxide with straw in a beaker according to the proportion of 10% and 30%;
step three: putting the white star flower scarab larvae subjected to starvation treatment into the straw mixture in the second step, recording the initial weight, keeping the humidity of the straw mixture to be 40%, wrapping the beaker by using tinfoil, enabling the jacks to be breathable, and putting the beaker into a dark artificial climate box for feeding for 10 days;
step four: picking up larvae, recording weight, drying produced insect manure at 40 ℃, grinding and sieving with a 100-mesh sieve, and detecting;
setting three parallel control groups for each treatment in the second step, wherein the dosage of the wheat straw in each beaker in the second step is 10g, and the addition of each mineral in the second step is the dry weight mass ratio of the mineral to the wheat straw powder;
the temperature of the artificial climate box in the third step is 25 ℃, and the relative humidity is 50%;
putting five white star flower scarab beetle larvae in each beaker in the third step;
the hunger treatment in the third step means that the larvae are put into a container which is covered by only the worm manure and has no food, and are put into a dark artificial climate box for cultivation for 7 days;
the method for processing the straw by utilizing the cooperation of the insects and the minerals is adopted, the conversion efficiency of the straw to the straw is up to 86 percent, and the total phosphorus in the obtained straw is 42.06 times and 2.47 times of the total potassium in the wheat straw through feeding and conversion of the white flower scarab larvae; in the treatment of adding 10% of hydroxyapatite, montmorillonite, ferric oxide and alumina minerals, the percentage of water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) in Organic Carbon (OC) in the worm manure is reduced by 2.71%,0.03%,13.57%,4.44% and 5.89%, respectively.
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| CN202111446402.0A CN114503957B (en) | 2021-11-30 | 2021-11-30 | Method for cooperatively disposing straws by utilizing insects and minerals |
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