CN109864002B - Padding for livestock breeding, preparation method thereof and bedding - Google Patents
Padding for livestock breeding, preparation method thereof and bedding Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a padding for livestock breeding, a preparation method thereof and a padding bed. The padding for livestock breeding comprises the following components in percentage by weight (3-8): 1 of biomass charcoal and quicklime; and the organic nitrogen source is used for adjusting the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the padding for livestock breeding to be (30-50): 1. The biomass charcoal is used as a main raw material, so that excrement and urine can be adsorbed, odor and other peculiar smell gases can be adsorbed, the loss of nutrients such as nitrogen is reduced, the fermentation of the livestock excrement and padding is facilitated to obtain a high-quality organic fertilizer, a good living environment is created for the livestock, and the surrounding environment of a farm is guaranteed; the biomass charcoal and the quicklime generate a synergistic sterilization effect, so that harmful flora in the excrement of the livestock and poultry can be effectively killed, the amplification and growth of beneficial bacteria such as zymophyte and the like can be ensured, the fermentation of the excrement of the livestock and poultry and padding can be facilitated, and the health of the livestock and poultry can be ensured; the carbon-nitrogen ratio is adjusted through an organic nitrogen source, so that the padding and microorganisms in the farm form a fermentation bed, and finally the fermentation bed and the excrement are fermented to obtain the high-quality organic fertilizer.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of livestock breeding, in particular to a padding for livestock breeding, a preparation method thereof and a mattress bed.
Background
With the rapid development of livestock breeding industry in China, the number of large-scale farms is increased year by year, and livestock manure becomes one of important pollution sources of the environment in China. For a long time, most of domestic animal excrement is directly discharged without being treated, so that serious environmental pollution such as water body pollution, acid rain and the like is caused. Based on the heavy burden of the livestock and poultry manure on the environment, the harmless treatment and comprehensive utilization of the agricultural livestock and poultry manure are widely concerned.
The fermentation padding cultivation method is an environment-friendly, safe and effective ecological cultivation method, microbial fermentation is carried out by utilizing agricultural wastes such as straw, sawdust, rice hull powder and the like to be mixed with microbial strains or utilizing beneficial strains in a cultivation field, the microbial fermentation is used as padding of the cultivation field, the livestock excrement and the padding are mixed by utilizing the arch digging habit of livestock, organic substances in the excrement are fully decomposed and converted, and meanwhile, the fermented padding is a thoroughly decomposed organic fertilizer with comprehensive nutrition and can be directly returned to the field or returned to the field after treatment for use. In order to solve the problem that the odor of excrement in the livestock breeding house seriously affects the health of animals and the living environment around the livestock breeding house, the method adopted in the prior art is to add substances with adsorption function or add spices, Chinese medicinal materials and the like into padding. For example, chinese patent document (CN106614088A) discloses a conditioner for poultry housing padding, which uses activated carbon to adsorb ammonium ions, ammonia gas, bacteria and harmful substances, thereby solving the odor problem of poultry manure and promoting the health of poultry. Because the waste activated carbon is solid waste, secondary pollution is easily caused to the environment, the padding can not be directly returned to the field after being used, subsequent treatment is needed, the treatment cost is increased, and the popularization and the use are not facilitated. Also, for example, chinese patent document (CN107047331A) discloses a padding for a pigsty, which includes a drug layer made of raw materials such as cattail flower, muscovy plum, lavender, pyrethrum, evening primrose, geranium, marigold, ivy, mint, pine, atractylodes, rhizoma anemarrhenae, and tea seed powder, and the padding has the effects of repelling mosquitoes and flies, removing odor, and sterilizing by adding the drug, and the raw material components are expensive, which is not favorable for popularization and use of the padding.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the invention aims to overcome the defects of high treatment cost and expensive raw materials of waste padding in the prior art, and provides the padding for livestock breeding, a preparation method thereof and a padding bed. The specific technical scheme is as follows:
a padding for livestock breeding comprises,
the weight ratio is (3-8): 1 of biomass charcoal and quicklime;
and the organic nitrogen source is used for adjusting the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the padding for livestock breeding to be (30-50): 1.
Furthermore, the biomass charcoal is selected from one or more of corn stalk biomass charcoal, rape stalk biomass charcoal or peanut shell biomass charcoal.
Further, the particle size of the biomass charcoal is 20-40 meshes.
Further, the organic nitrogen source is one or more of straw, wood shavings, fallen leaves, rapeseed cakes or vinasse.
Further, the organic nitrogen source is straw fragments, and the length of the straw fragments is 5-10 cm.
Further, the weight ratio of the biomass charcoal to the quick lime is 8: 1.
A preparation method of a padding for livestock breeding, which comprises a padding A and a padding B, comprises the following steps:
uniformly mixing biomass charcoal and quick lime to obtain a mixed material, wherein the weight ratio of the biomass charcoal to the quick lime is (3-8): 1;
adding water into the mixed material to adjust the water content of the mixed material to be 40-60% to obtain the padding A;
taking an organic nitrogen source as padding B, and adjusting the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the padding for livestock breeding to be (30-50):1 by using the organic nitrogen source.
Further, the method also comprises the step of uniformly mixing the padding A and the padding B.
A cushion bed for livestock breeding formed by the padding prepared by the method is characterized by comprising,
a mat B layer formed from the mat B;
a mat A layer formed of the mat A and disposed on the mat B layer.
The technical scheme of the invention has the following advantages:
1. the padding for livestock breeding provided by the invention adopts the biomass charcoal as the main raw material, has strong stability, can adsorb excrement and urine excrement and odor gas based on the internal porous structure, reduces the loss of nutrients such as nitrogen, is beneficial to fermentation of livestock excrement and the padding to obtain a high-quality organic fertilizer, creates a good living environment for livestock and ensures the surrounding environment of a breeding farm; the biomass charcoal can adjust the structure of the compost, accelerate the humification process, generate high temperature, and generate a synergistic sterilization effect with quick lime, effectively kill harmful flora in the feces of the livestock and poultry, ensure the amplification and growth of beneficial bacteria such as zymophyte and the like, is also beneficial to the fermentation of the feces of the livestock and poultry and the bedding, and ensure the health of the livestock and poultry; the biomass carbon contains abundant carbon, can provide a carbon source for excrement fermentation, and the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the padding is adjusted through an organic nitrogen source, so that the padding and microorganisms in a farm form a fermentation bed, and after excrement of livestock and poultry is excreted, the livestock and poultry excrement and the padding are mixed and fermented by utilizing the adsorption effect of the padding and the stubborn habit of an animal arch, and finally, the high-quality organic fertilizer is obtained.
2. The biomass charcoal is obtained from agricultural production wastes by adopting a biomass carbonization technology, and the organic nitrogen source is mainly derived from agricultural and forestry wastes and wine brewing wastes, such as straws, rape seed cakes, vinasse and the like.
3. The padding for livestock breeding provided by the invention is directly fermented with livestock excrement to obtain a high-quality organic fertilizer, and the organic fertilizer can be directly returned to the field for use without further composting or separation treatment.
4. According to the cushion bed for livestock breeding, the organic nitrogen source is used as the bottom cushion layer, the biomass charcoal and the quicklime are mixed on the bottom cushion layer to form the surface cushion layer, and the cushion bed is simple in structure, simple and convenient to prepare, easy to operate and easy to popularize and use.
5. The cushion bed for livestock breeding provided by the invention can be used for farms of various animals such as live pigs, cattle and poultry, has wide application scenes, and is suitable for large-scale popularization and use.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the total nitrogen content at the beginning and end of the CK, C1, C2 and C3 composts in Experimental example 2 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following examples are provided to further understand the present invention, not to limit the scope of the present invention, but to provide the best mode, not to limit the content and the protection scope of the present invention, and any product similar or similar to the present invention, which is obtained by combining the present invention with other prior art features, falls within the protection scope of the present invention.
The examples do not show the specific experimental steps or conditions, and can be performed according to the conventional experimental steps described in the literature in the field. The reagents or instruments used are not indicated by manufacturers, and are all conventional reagent products which can be obtained commercially.
Example 1
A padding for livestock breeding comprises padding A and padding B (1 m per unit area)2The amount of use of (c),
the preparation method of the padding A comprises the following steps:
crushing a corn straw biomass charcoal raw material and sieving the crushed raw material with a 20-mesh sieve to obtain biomass charcoal;
uniformly mixing 8 kg of biomass charcoal (the water content is less than 5%) with 1kg of quicklime to obtain a mixed material;
adding water into the mixture to adjust the water content of the mixture to 40% to obtain padding A;
the preparation method of the padding B comprises the following steps:
crushing the wheat straw into 10 cm straw fragments;
and (3) taking 10 kg of straw fragments (the water content is less than 5%) to adjust the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the padding for livestock breeding to 50:1, so as to obtain padding B.
A cushion bed for livestock breeding comprises a cushion material layer A and a cushion material layer B, and the preparation method comprises the following steps:
spreading the padding B prepared above in a padding pit with meshes at the bottom to form a padding B layer;
and flatly paving the padding A prepared above on the padding B layer to form a padding A layer to obtain the cushion bed for livestock breeding, wherein the thickness of the cushion bed is 70 cm.
The prepared cushion bed for livestock breeding is used for breeding live pigs, and the breeding density is 0.4 head/m2And is replaced after 6 months of useThe padding with the thickness of 10 cm at the bottom layer is directly mixed into the padding A at the next stage, and the rest padding at the bottom layer is beneficial to the fermentation of the padding at the next stage due to the fact that the padding is stained with the excrement of the live pigs.
Example 2
A padding for livestock breeding comprises padding A and padding B (1 m per unit area)2The amount of use of (c),
the preparation method of the padding A comprises the following steps:
crushing the rape straw biomass charcoal raw material and sieving the crushed material with a 30-mesh sieve to obtain biomass charcoal;
uniformly mixing 6 kg of biomass charcoal (the water content is less than 5%) with 1kg of quicklime to obtain a mixed material;
adding water into the mixture to adjust the water content of the mixture to 60% to obtain padding A;
the preparation method of the padding B comprises the following steps:
rice straws are taken and crushed into straw fragments of 5 cm;
taking 5 kg of straw fragments (the water content is less than 5%) to adjust the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the padding for livestock breeding to 30:1, obtaining padding B;
and uniformly mixing the padding A and the padding B to obtain the padding for livestock breeding.
A cushion bed for livestock breeding is prepared by the following steps:
cleaning a padding pit with a solid bottom;
and (3) flatly paving the padding for livestock breeding in a cleaned padding pit to obtain a padding bed for livestock breeding, wherein the thickness of the padding bed is 60 cm.
The prepared cushion bed for livestock breeding is used for breeding cattle, and the breeding density is 0.2 head/m2And the replacement is carried out after 6 months of use.
Example 3
A padding for livestock breeding comprises padding A and padding B (1 m per unit area)2The amount of use of (c),
the preparation method of the padding A comprises the following steps:
crushing a peanut shell biomass charcoal raw material and sieving the crushed raw material with a 40-mesh sieve to obtain biomass charcoal;
uniformly mixing 7 kg of biomass charcoal (the water content is less than 5%) with 2kg of quicklime to obtain a mixed material;
adding water into the mixture to adjust the water content of the mixture to 50% to obtain padding A;
the preparation method of the padding B comprises the following steps:
2.5 kg of wood shavings, 2.5 kg of fallen leaves and 2.5 kg of rapeseed cakes are uniformly mixed (the water content of the mixture is less than 5%) to adjust the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the padding for livestock breeding to be 30:1, so as to obtain the padding B.
A cushion bed for livestock breeding comprises a cushion material layer A and a cushion material layer B, and the preparation method comprises the following steps:
spreading the padding B prepared above in a padding pit with meshes at the bottom to form a padding B layer;
and flatly paving the padding A prepared above on the padding B layer to form a padding A layer to obtain the cushion bed for livestock breeding, wherein the thickness of the cushion bed is 80 cm.
The prepared cushion bed for livestock breeding is used for breeding live pigs, and the breeding density is 0.4 head/m2The bedding material is replaced after being used for 6 months, the bedding material with the thickness of 10 cm at the bottom layer is directly mixed into the bedding material A at the next stage, and the residual bedding material at the bottom layer is beneficial to the fermentation of the bedding material at the next stage due to the contamination of the excrement and urine of the live pigs.
Example 4
A padding for livestock breeding comprises padding A and padding B (1 m per unit area)2The amount of use of (c),
the preparation method of the padding A comprises the following steps:
according to the weight ratio of 1: 1: 1, taking a corn straw biomass charcoal raw material, a rape straw biomass charcoal raw material and a peanut shell biomass charcoal raw material according to a proportion, crushing and sieving with a 20-mesh sieve to obtain biomass charcoal;
uniformly mixing 4kg of biomass charcoal (the water content is less than 5%) with 1kg of quicklime to obtain a mixed material;
adding water into the mixture to adjust the water content of the mixture to 60% to obtain padding A;
the preparation method of the padding B comprises the following steps:
2kg of wood shavings and 2kg of vinasse are uniformly mixed (the water content of the mixture is less than 5%) to adjust the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the padding for livestock breeding to be 40:1, so that padding B is obtained.
A cushion bed for livestock breeding comprises a cushion material layer A and a cushion material layer B, and the preparation method comprises the following steps:
spreading the padding B prepared above in a padding pit with meshes at the bottom to form a padding B layer;
and flatly paving the padding A prepared above on the padding B layer to form a padding A layer to obtain the cushion bed for livestock breeding, wherein the thickness of the cushion bed is 70 cm.
The prepared cushion bed for livestock breeding is used for breeding chickens, and the breeding density is 4 pieces/m2The bedding material is replaced after being used for 6 months, the bedding material with the thickness of 10 cm at the bottom layer is directly mixed into the bedding material A at the next stage, and the residual bedding material at the bottom layer is beneficial to the fermentation of the bedding material at the next stage due to the fact that chicken manure is stained on the bedding material.
In the examples 1 to 4, the wheat straw biomass charcoal raw material, the rape straw biomass charcoal raw material and the peanut shell biomass charcoal raw material are prepared by the following methods:
crushing and filling raw materials: crushing wheat straws/rape straws/peanut shells, and transferring into a carbonization furnace;
carbonizing: the furnace body is ventilated by nitrogen, oxygen in the furnace is replaced, and the furnace body is heated by the following steps in an electric heating mode: room temperature → 400 ℃, and heat preservation for 10 min; ② 400 ℃→ 450 ℃ and preserving heat for 10 min; ③ keeping the temperature at 450 ℃→ 500 ℃ for 10 min; fourthly, carbonizing, preserving heat at the temperature of 500 ℃ and 800 ℃ and preserving heat for 1 h;
cooling: after the carbonization process is finished, after the furnace body is naturally cooled to below 60 ℃, the wheat straw biomass charcoal raw material/rape straw biomass charcoal raw material/peanut shell biomass charcoal raw material is taken out from the charcoal outlet.
Experimental example 1 adsorption effect experiment of biomass charcoal on odor of livestock and poultry feces
6 independent pigsties are respectively selected in a pig farm and are numbered from 1 to 6, wherein the manure collecting pit with the same volume of the No. 1 to 3 pigsties is doped with biomass charcoal with the weight of 20 percent of the weight of the pig manure, and the manure collecting pit of the No. 4 to 6 pigsties is not treated. When one month is reached after biomass charcoal is added into a manure collection pit of the No. 1-3 pigsty, the odor concentration of the No. 1-6 pigsty (the dilution factor when an odor sample is continuously diluted to the threshold of a smell recognizer by odorless clean air according to an index which is quantitatively expressed by the olfactory organ test method for the odor size) is measured according to the national standard GB/T14675-93 three-point comparison type odor bag method for measuring the air quality odor), and the measurement results are shown in Table 1.
Table 11-6 pigsty odor concentration
As shown in Table 1, the odor concentration in the piggery No. 1-3 treated with the biomass charcoal is greatly reduced from that in the untreated piggery No. 4-6, and is reduced from 120-150 to 18-20, and the air dilution in the piggery No. 1-3 is 18-20 times, namely, the threshold value is close to the threshold value of the sniffer. The experiment proves that the biomass charcoal has good adsorption effect on the odor of the feces of the livestock.
Experimental example 2 Effect experiment of biomass charcoal for inhibiting loss of nitrogen in feces of livestock
4kg of pig manure is taken from a manure accumulation pit of the same pigsty and divided into 4 groups (a control group CK; experimental groups C1, C2 and C3), wherein 1kg of each group and C1 group are doped with 0.1kg of biomass charcoal, C2 group is doped with 0.2kg of biomass charcoal, C3 group is doped with 0.3kg of biomass charcoal, and the CK group is not doped with the biomass charcoal. Composting was carried out at room temperature (25 ℃) and total nitrogen content of each group of pig manure samples before and after composting was measured by a CNS elemental analyzer (Vario MAX CNS), and the measurement results are shown in FIG. 1. As can be seen from fig. 1, the loss of total nitrogen content in the groups to which the biomass char was added was relatively reduced as compared with the case where the biomass char was not added, and the total nitrogen loss ratio in each group was calculated from the measurement data, and the calculation formula was: wN％＝(N1-N2)/N1X 100%, (wherein, WN% total nitrogen loss rate, N1Is total nitrogen content before composting, N2Total nitrogen content after composting).
Compared with the CK group, the total nitrogen loss rate of the C1, C2 and C3 groups is respectively reduced by 32.07 percent, 60.78 percent and 50.18 percent. The experiment proves that the biomass charcoal has good inhibition effect on nitrogen loss of the livestock manure.
Experimental example 3 example 1-4 potting experiment using waste bedding as base fertilizer
Adopting a pot experiment, planting pakchoi (Shanghai green) with different base fertilizers, finally planting 5 pakchoi in each pot, observing and measuring the growth vigor of the pakchoi.
The pot experiment was set up with 6 groups, each treated as follows:
control group: applying conventional base fertilizer, i.e. mixing urea, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate and potassium chloride according to m (N): m (P)2O5):m(K2O) 0.2:0.15: 0.2);
experimental group 1: applying conventional base fertilizer and waste padding accounting for 5% of the weight of the conventional base fertilizer, wherein the waste padding is replaced by the padding in the embodiment 1 after being put into use for 6 months;
experimental group 2: applying conventional base fertilizer and waste padding accounting for 5% of the weight of the conventional base fertilizer, wherein the waste padding is replaced by the padding in example 2 after being put into use for 6 months;
experimental group 3: applying conventional base fertilizer and waste padding accounting for 5% of the weight of the conventional base fertilizer, wherein the waste padding is replaced by the padding in example 3 after being put into use for 6 months;
experimental group 4: conventional base fertilizer and 5% of the weight of the conventional base fertilizer of the waste litter, which was changed out at 6 months into use for the litter in example 4, were applied.
The same conventional management measures are adopted for each group to plant the pakchoi, and the growth data of the pakchoi are measured after 45 days of harvest, as shown in table 2:
TABLE 2 measurement results of the biomass, yield, height and leaf area of the pakchoi
Note: the same column of different lower case letters indicates that the difference of different experimental groups reaches a significant level (P <0.05)
As can be seen from table 2, the difference between the yield of the pakchoi in the experimental group and the yield of the pakchoi in the control group is 2 times or more, and the difference between the biomass of the underground part is 3 times, i.e. the bedding materials in the examples 1 to 4 have significant growth promoting effects on the root growth, the height of each plant, the yield, the leaf area of each plant and the like of the pakchoi after being replaced by 6 months, wherein the effect of the example 4 is the best.
It should be understood that the above examples are only for clarity of illustration and are not intended to limit the embodiments. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. And obvious variations or modifications therefrom are within the scope of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. The padding for livestock breeding is characterized by comprising padding A and padding B, and the preparation method comprises the following steps:
uniformly mixing biomass charcoal and quick lime to obtain a mixed material, wherein the weight ratio of the biomass charcoal to the quick lime is (3-8): 1;
adding water into the mixed material to adjust the water content of the mixed material to be 40-60% to obtain the padding A;
taking an organic nitrogen source as padding B, and adjusting the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the padding for livestock breeding to be (30-50):1 by using the organic nitrogen source.
2. The livestock breeding bedding as claimed in claim 1, wherein said biomass charcoal is selected from one or more of corn stalk biomass charcoal, rape stalk biomass charcoal or peanut shell biomass charcoal.
3. The livestock breeding litter according to claim 2, wherein said biomass charcoal has a particle size of 20-40 mesh.
4. The livestock breeding litter according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein said organic nitrogen source is selected from one or more of straw, wood shavings, fallen leaves, rapeseed cake, and distiller's grains.
5. The livestock breeding bedding as claimed in claim 4, wherein said organic nitrogen source is selected from straw fragments, and said straw fragments have a length of 5-10 cm.
6. A livestock breeding litter according to any of claims 1 to 3, wherein the weight ratio of said biomass charcoal and quick lime is 8: 1.
7. The livestock breeding litter according to claim 1, further comprising a step of uniformly mixing said litter a and said litter B.
8. A livestock breeding mat formed of the livestock breeding mat of any one of claims 1 to 7, comprising,
a mat B layer formed from the mat B;
a mat A layer formed of the mat A and disposed on the mat B layer.
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| JP2006246878A (en) * | 2005-03-10 | 2006-09-21 | Sc Act:Kk | Seaweed reef material given by circulating and reclaiming biomass and device thereof |
| CN107311762A (en) * | 2017-07-14 | 2017-11-03 | 湖北金日生态能源股份有限公司 | A kind of double holes in rural area biologic garbage charcoal bottom and processing method of becoming thoroughly decomposed |
| CN107750966A (en) * | 2017-11-17 | 2018-03-06 | 北京昊业同宇科技有限公司 | A kind of flushing-free ecological environmental protection pig house |
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| KR101319737B1 (en) * | 2009-03-24 | 2013-10-17 | 제이에프이 엔지니어링 가부시키가이샤 | Method for producing biomass charcoal and device for producing biomass charcoal to be used therefor |
| CN104351070A (en) * | 2014-11-25 | 2015-02-18 | 芜湖悠派卫生用品有限公司 | Cat litter prepared by reuse of urban garbage and preparation method of cat litter |
| CN104355520B (en) * | 2014-11-25 | 2016-10-19 | 中南林业科技大学 | A kind of method of plant night soil-treatment |
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| JP2006246878A (en) * | 2005-03-10 | 2006-09-21 | Sc Act:Kk | Seaweed reef material given by circulating and reclaiming biomass and device thereof |
| CN107311762A (en) * | 2017-07-14 | 2017-11-03 | 湖北金日生态能源股份有限公司 | A kind of double holes in rural area biologic garbage charcoal bottom and processing method of becoming thoroughly decomposed |
| CN107750966A (en) * | 2017-11-17 | 2018-03-06 | 北京昊业同宇科技有限公司 | A kind of flushing-free ecological environmental protection pig house |
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