CN112956452A - Novel crop straw resource utilization and conversion method - Google Patents
Novel crop straw resource utilization and conversion method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112956452A CN112956452A CN202110280130.5A CN202110280130A CN112956452A CN 112956452 A CN112956452 A CN 112956452A CN 202110280130 A CN202110280130 A CN 202110280130A CN 112956452 A CN112956452 A CN 112956452A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/033—Rearing or breeding invertebrates; New breeds of invertebrates
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/12—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes by fermentation of natural products, e.g. of vegetable material, animal waste material or biomass
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/90—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for insects, e.g. bees or silkworms
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
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Abstract
The invention discloses a novel crop straw resource utilization and conversion method, and the current technical approaches of straw biotransformation mainly comprise: as a biomass energy source; crushing and briquetting the straws; the straw is utilized by means of direct combustion, biomass pyrolysis, biomass gasification, biomass liquefaction and the like, but the straw has low energy density and high collection cost, and the combustion can pollute the atmosphere; returning the straws to the field; the method is divided into direct returning and indirect returning, the eating amount of the straws of the scarab beetle larvae in a 15-20 day culture period is reasonably proportioned, the straw conversion rate is improved, and the condition that the larvae and excrement thereof are not separated easily due to the residual straws after the scarab beetle larvae are cultured is avoided; meanwhile, the larvae of the scarab beetle and the excrement of the larvae of the scarab beetle are separated by utilizing the tropism of the larvae of the scarab beetle to the sugar-vinegar liquid, so that the larvae and the excrement of the larvae which are directly fed to the poultry and mixed together are avoided, and the clean and sanitary poultry breeding and the reasonable treatment of the larvae excrement are facilitated.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of straw conversion, and particularly relates to a novel crop straw resource utilization and conversion method.
Background
The straw is a general term of stem leaf (ear) part of mature crops. Typically refers to the remainder of the wheat, rice, corn, potatoes, oilseed rape, cotton, sugar cane and other crops (typically roughages) after harvesting the seed. More than half of the products of crop photosynthesis exist in the straws, and the straws are rich in nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, organic matters and the like, are multipurpose renewable biological resources, and are also coarse feed. With the improvement of science and technology and the improvement of agricultural productivity, the crop yield in China is increased day by day, and the corresponding straw amount of various crops is also increased synchronously. According to statistics, the annual yield of various crop straws in China is about 9 hundred million tons, which is the first in the world. Crop straws are a precious renewable resource, and the straw resources in China are in the conditions of high waste, high pollution and low-level reutilization for a long time, so that the straw resources are not reasonably developed and utilized, and environmental pollution and fire hazard are caused. The comprehensive utilization of the crop straw resources has important practical significance for saving resources, protecting the environment, increasing the income of farmers and promoting the sustainable development of agriculture.
At present, the technical approaches of straw biotransformation mainly comprise five types: 1) as a biomass energy source. Crushing the straws and briquetting. The straw is utilized by means of direct combustion, biomass pyrolysis, biomass gasification (biogas), biomass liquefaction and the like, but the straw has low energy density and high collection cost, and the combustion can pollute the atmosphere. 2) Returning the straws to the field. The method is divided into direct returning and indirect returning. The direct returning to the field is realized by turning over and pressing in the soil after mechanical crushing, so that the nutrient substances in the straws can be fully reserved in the soil. However, the contradiction between soil microorganisms (i.e. microorganisms for converting straws) and crop seedlings for nutrients is easy to happen due to the overlarge or uneven returning to the field, and after the field is turned over and returned, the soil becomes too loose, the pore size ratio is uneven, and the macropores are too large, so that wind leakage, even yellow seedlings, dead seedlings, yield reduction and other phenomena occur. Some pest eggs, pathogenic bacteria and the like in the straws cannot be killed in the direct crushing process of the straws, the straws are returned to the field and then left in the soil, and pests and diseases directly occur or occur in the later year after wintering. The indirect returning to the field comprises retting and burning returning to the field. The retting and returning to the field is that the crop straws are applied to soil after being fully decomposed at high temperature, and some retting modes are through livestock pens. Some of them are carried out by adding biological bacteria, ammonia water, etc., which are favorable for the absorption of plants. However, a certain amount of nitrogen is lost in the straw decomposition process, the form is labor-consuming, time-consuming and land-occupied, and the method is rarely used by common farmers at present. The straw is burnt to return to the field, so that the effective components are changed into waste gas to be discharged into the air, a large amount of energy is wasted, the remaining potassium, calcium, inorganic salt and trace elements can be utilized by plants, and worm eggs, pathogens and grass seeds are killed in the burning process. However, incineration causes resource waste, environmental pollution and ecological damage, and affects traffic and life of common people, so that the incineration is a public nuisance, and measures are taken to prohibit incineration. 3) Used as edible fungus base material. But most of the fungus chaff is discarded at will, which causes serious secondary environmental pollution. 4) The biochar is produced by a carbonization technology. 5) Can be used as livestock feed. The utilization amount is too small, and the breeding manure becomes a new pollution source. The utilization of the wheat straws and the corn straws has the problems of environmental pollution or large energy consumption and the like, and is popularized and demonstrated in a small part of regions.
At present, the larvae of the platysternon leucocephala are mostly used for converting and treating the crop straws, but the method for converting and treating the crop straws by the larvae of the platysternon leucocephala still has some disadvantages: because the larvae and the feces of the larvae are difficult to separate, the larvae and the feces of the larvae are mostly directly put into a farm, and the larvae and the feces of the larvae are separated by pecking the poultry, the separation mode is not clean and sanitary, is not beneficial to normal culture of the poultry, and is easy to damage the culture environment; because the poultry steps on the excrement of the larva, is unfavorable for the excrement and urine of the larva to retrieve and recycle again, the practicality is relatively poor.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a novel crop straw resource utilization and conversion method to solve the problems in the background technology.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a novel crop straw resource utilization and conversion method comprises the following steps:
step 1: crushing and sieving the agricultural straws by a crusher with a 200-plus-800-mesh screen;
step 2: sterilizing and disinfecting the crushed straws obtained in the step 1 at high temperature, and adjusting the moisture content of the straws to be 45-60%;
and step 3: adding EM bacterial liquid with the weight ratio of 1:0.001 into the straws subjected to high-temperature treatment in the step 2;
and 4, step 4: carrying out anaerobic and aerobic treatment on the straws added with the EM bacterial liquid in the step 3;
and 5: flatly laying the straws processed in the step 4 into a straw flatting pool in a larva culture tank, uniformly laying 1.5-2.5 instar platysternon megacephalum larvae on the straws at the tail end of the straw flatting pool, culturing at the temperature of 16-25 ℃ for 15-20 days;
step 6: after the culture period is finished, adding a proper amount of sugar-vinegar liquid into a sugar-vinegar liquid pool at the top end of the larva culture tank in the step 5, and separating the larva of the scarab beetle from the excrement of the larva by utilizing the characteristic that the larva of the scarab beetle tends to the sugar-vinegar liquid;
and 7: and respectively treating the separated larva and feces of the platysternon megacephalum.
Preferably, the preparation method of the EM bacterial liquid in the step 3 comprises the following steps: the EM stock solution and the brown sugar are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1:1, diluting the mixture by 400-fold with tap water by 500 times, and adding NaCl and FeCl2 which are 0.01 percent of the mass ratio of the diluted bacteria solution into the diluted bacteria solution respectively, wherein the mass ratio of the NaCl to the FeCl2 is 1:1, so as to obtain the EM bacteria solution for fermentation.
Preferably, the anaerobic and aerobic treatment method and sequence in step 4 are as follows: and (3) carrying out aerobic fermentation on the straws added with the EM bacterial liquid in the step (3) for 1-1.5 days at the temperature of 25 ℃, and then carrying out anaerobic fermentation for 13-15 days.
Preferably, the sugar-vinegar solution in the step 6 comprises the following components in parts by weight: brown sugar, vinegar, alcohol and water are mixed according to the proportion of 4:3:1: 2.
Preferably, the treatment mode of the larvae of the platysternon megacephalum in the step 7 is as follows: directly feeding poultry or sun drying and pulverizing to make poultry feed or processing into feed additive; the treatment mode of the larval excrement is as follows: can be used as organic fertilizer for crops and vegetables.
Preferably, the larva culture tank includes straw tiling pond, sugar vinegar liquid pool and larva collecting pit, and wherein the larva collecting pit sets up between straw tiling pond and sugar vinegar liquid pool.
Preferably, the weight ratio of the straws placed into the straw flatting pool in the step 5 to the larvae is 1: (0.2-0.3).
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the feed amount of the straws of the scarab beetle larvae in a cultivation period of 15-20 days is reasonably proportioned, so that the straw conversion rate is improved, and the condition that the larvae and excrement thereof are not easily separated due to the residual straws after the scarab beetle larvae are cultivated is avoided; meanwhile, the larva of the scarab beetle is separated from the excrement of the larva by utilizing the tropism of the larva of the scarab beetle to the sugar-vinegar liquid, so that the larva and the excrement of the larva which are directly fed and mixed together are avoided, the clean and sanitary poultry breeding is facilitated, the reasonable treatment of the larva excrement is realized, and the practicability is higher.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a larva culturing tank according to the present invention;
Detailed Description
The technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a novel crop straw resource utilization and conversion method comprises the following steps:
step 1: crushing and sieving the agricultural straws by a crusher with a 200-plus-800-mesh screen;
step 2: sterilizing and disinfecting the crushed straws obtained in the step 1 at high temperature, and adjusting the moisture content of the straws to be 45-60%;
and step 3: adding EM bacterial liquid with the weight ratio of 1:0.001 into the straws subjected to high-temperature treatment in the step 2;
and 4, step 4: carrying out anaerobic and aerobic treatment on the straws added with the EM bacterial liquid in the step 3;
and 5: flatly laying the straws processed in the step 4 into a straw flatting pool in a larva culture tank, uniformly laying 1.5-2.5 instar platysternon megacephalum larvae on the straws at the tail end of the straw flatting pool, culturing at the temperature of 16-25 ℃ for 15-20 days;
step 6: after the culture period is finished, adding a proper amount of sugar-vinegar liquid into a sugar-vinegar liquid pool at the top end of the larva culture tank in the step 5, and separating the larva of the scarab beetle from the excrement of the larva by utilizing the characteristic that the larva of the scarab beetle tends to the sugar-vinegar liquid;
and 7: and respectively treating the separated larva and feces of the platysternon megacephalum.
In order to sufficiently ferment the crushed straws, in this embodiment, preferably, the preparation method of the EM bacterial liquid in step 3 is: the EM stock solution and the brown sugar are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1:1, diluting the mixture by 400-fold with tap water by 500 times, and adding NaCl and FeCl2 which are 0.01 percent of the mass ratio of the diluted bacteria solution into the diluted bacteria solution respectively, wherein the mass ratio of the NaCl to the FeCl2 is 1:1, so as to obtain the EM bacteria solution for fermentation.
In order to sufficiently ferment the crushed straws, in this embodiment, the method and the sequence of anaerobic and aerobic treatment in step 4 are preferably as follows: and (3) carrying out aerobic fermentation on the straws added with the EM bacterial liquid in the step (3) for 1-1.5 days at the temperature of 25 ℃, and then carrying out anaerobic fermentation for 13-15 days.
In order to facilitate the separation of the larvae and feces of the larvae of the stauroda japonica, in this embodiment, preferably, the components of the sugar-vinegar solution in step 6 and the weight parts thereof are as follows: brown sugar, vinegar, alcohol and water are mixed according to the proportion of 4:3:1: 2.
In order to make the chafer larva and the feces thereof fully utilized, in this embodiment, preferably, the treatment manner of the chafer larva in step 7 is: directly feeding poultry or sun drying and pulverizing to make poultry feed or processing into feed additive; the treatment mode of the larval excrement is as follows: can be used as organic fertilizer for crops and vegetables.
In order to facilitate the separation of the scarab beetle larva and excrement thereof, in the embodiment, preferably, the larva culture tank comprises a straw tiling tank, a sugar and vinegar liquid tank and a larva collecting tank, wherein the larva collecting tank is arranged between the straw tiling tank and the sugar and vinegar liquid tank, and the sugar and vinegar liquid tank is of a hollow structure facing one side of the larva collecting tank.
In order to avoid the residual straw, in this embodiment, preferably, the weight ratio of the straw placed in the straw flatting pool in the step 5 to the larvae is 1: (0.2-0.3).
Laying the crushed straws in a straw laying pool, then placing the larvae of the scarab beetle which are in weight ratio with the straws placed in the straw laying pool above the straws at the position of one end of the straw laying pool far away from a larva collecting pool, and the placing area is not more than one fourth of the area of the straw flatting pool, thus being convenient for the larva to leave from one end of the straw flatting pool far away from the larva collecting pool, in the process of cultivation, the larva is gradually close to one end close to the larva collecting pool, and after the larva cultivation period is finished, pouring a proper amount of sugar and vinegar liquid into the sugar and vinegar liquid pool, wherein the pouring amount is not more than the hollow part of the sugar and vinegar liquid pool, the larva of the scarab beetle can be lured until all the larva of the scarab beetle falls into the larva collecting pool, then collect the larva to the larva excrement and urine that remains on straw tiling pond surface is handled can.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (7)
1. A novel crop straw resource utilization and conversion method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: crushing and sieving the agricultural straws by a crusher with a 200-plus-800-mesh screen;
step 2: sterilizing and disinfecting the crushed straws obtained in the step 1 at high temperature, and adjusting the moisture content of the straws to be 45-60%;
and step 3: adding EM bacterial liquid with the weight ratio of 1:0.001 into the straws subjected to high-temperature treatment in the step 2;
and 4, step 4: carrying out anaerobic and aerobic treatment on the straws added with the EM bacterial liquid in the step 3;
and 5: flatly laying the straws processed in the step 4 into a straw flatting pool in a larva culture tank, uniformly laying 1.5-2.5 instar platysternon megacephalum larvae on the straws at the tail end of the straw flatting pool, culturing at the temperature of 16-25 ℃ for 15-20 days;
step 6: after the culture period is finished, adding a proper amount of sugar-vinegar liquid into a sugar-vinegar liquid pool at the top end of the larva culture tank in the step 5, and separating the larva of the scarab beetle from the excrement of the larva by utilizing the characteristic that the larva of the scarab beetle tends to the sugar-vinegar liquid;
and 7: and respectively treating the separated larva and feces of the platysternon megacephalum.
2. The novel crop straw resource utilization and conversion method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the preparation method of the EM bacterial liquid in the step 3 comprises the following steps: the EM stock solution and the brown sugar are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1:1, diluting the mixture by 400-fold with tap water by 500 times, and adding NaCl and FeCl2 which are 0.01 percent of the mass ratio of the diluted bacteria solution into the diluted bacteria solution respectively, wherein the mass ratio of the NaCl to the FeCl2 is 1:1, so as to obtain the EM bacteria solution for fermentation.
3. The novel crop straw resource utilization and conversion method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the method and the sequence of the anaerobic and aerobic treatment in the step 4 are as follows: and (3) carrying out aerobic fermentation on the straws added with the EM bacterial liquid in the step (3) for 1-1.5 days at the temperature of 25 ℃, and then carrying out anaerobic fermentation for 13-15 days.
4. The novel crop straw resource utilization and conversion method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the sugar-vinegar liquid in the step 6 comprises the following components in parts by weight: brown sugar, vinegar, alcohol and water are mixed according to the proportion of 4:3:1: 2.
5. The novel crop straw resource utilization and conversion method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the treatment mode of the larvae of the platysternon megacephalum in the step 7 is as follows: directly feeding poultry or sun drying and pulverizing to make poultry feed or processing into feed additive; the treatment mode of the larval excrement is as follows: can be used as organic fertilizer for crops and vegetables.
6. The novel crop straw resource utilization and conversion method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the larva culture tank comprises a straw tiling tank, a sugar and vinegar liquid tank and a larva collecting tank, wherein the larva collecting tank is arranged between the straw tiling tank and the sugar and vinegar liquid tank.
7. The novel crop straw resource utilization and conversion method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the weight ratio of the straws placed into the straw flatting pool in the step 5 to the larvae is 1: (0.2-0.3).
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