CN114503957A - Method for cooperatively treating straws by utilizing insects and minerals - Google Patents
Method for cooperatively treating straws by utilizing insects and minerals Download PDFInfo
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- GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum;dioxosilane;oxygen(2-);hydrate Chemical compound O.[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3].O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
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- XYJRXVWERLGGKC-UHFFFAOYSA-D pentacalcium;hydroxide;triphosphate Chemical compound [OH-].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O XYJRXVWERLGGKC-UHFFFAOYSA-D 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- NDLPOXTZKUMGOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoferriooxy)iron hydrate Chemical compound O.O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O NDLPOXTZKUMGOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/033—Rearing or breeding invertebrates; New breeds of invertebrates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
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Abstract
The invention is suitable for the field of carbon fixation and emission reduction in solid waste treatment, and provides a method for cooperatively treating straws by using insects and minerals, which comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps: cleaning, drying and crushing the wheat straws to 1mm in length; step two: fully mixing five minerals of hydroxyapatite, montmorillonite, ferroferric oxide, ferric oxide and aluminum oxide with straws according to the proportion of 10 percent and 30 percent; step three: putting the hungry scarab larvae into the straw mixture obtained in the second step, recording the initial weight, keeping the humidity of the straw mixture at 40%, wrapping the beaker with tinfoil, inserting the beaker into a dark artificial climate box for ventilation, and feeding the beaker for 10 days; step four: picking out larvae, recording weight, drying the produced insect feces at 40 ℃, grinding and sieving with a 100-mesh sieve for detection. The invention can effectively relieve the problem of greenhouse gas emission caused by direct straw returning, and opens up a new way for efficient utilization of agricultural wastes and carbon sequestration and emission reduction.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of carbon fixation and emission reduction in solid waste treatment, and particularly relates to a method for cooperatively treating straws by using insects and minerals.
Background
Researches find that the direct returning of the straws to the field influences the composition and the function of microbial communities, promotes soil respiration and promotes microorganisms to carry out organic matters in the soil and easily mineralized organic matters in the strawsThe decomposition and mineralization of the carbon component accelerate the emission of greenhouse gases in the soil. The soil organic carbon reservoir is the largest carbon reservoir in the global land ecosystem, and small changes of the soil organic carbon reservoir can cause CO in the atmosphere2The concentration fluctuates greatly. Thus, the ability of the soil to fix carbon to a large extent determines the atmospheric CO2The concentration of (2).
In recent years, researches show that soil-living invertebrates including earthworms and scarab species can effectively convert various Organic Matters (OM) into Organic fertilizers with rich nutrition and edible proteins, and the method is an environment-friendly method for efficiently utilizing straw wastes. Scarab beetles (PB) is a common soil-borne insect of the order coleoptera. The larvae (PBL) of the larvae feed on OM, including humus, crushed straws, sawdust and the like, the amount of the straws fed for one day can reach 0.57g, the conversion efficiency from the straws to the insect feces is as high as 86%, and the insect bodies can be used as medicinal materials or feed and are commercially cultured at present to produce high-quality organic fertilizers. After the straw is fed by the PBL, OM is broken down into a digestible state, solubilized by alkaline digestive juices in the PBL intestines and stomach, and further enzymatically hydrolyzed in the middle intestine, further fermented in the microorganism-dense hindgut, and the residue and persistent OM are re-precipitated and excreted. Thus, most of the microbially degradable OM is digested and absorbed by the PBL in conjunction with the intestinal microbes. After the minerals are added into the straws, the straws ingested by the PBL and the minerals interact in the digestion process to be converted into an organic-mineral compound (mineral combined organic carbon refers to organic carbon fixed by the minerals in the ways of coordination exchange, cation bridging and the like, has the characteristics of strong stability, difficult microbial degradation and difficult mineralization) so as to achieve the effect of carbon fixation. Therefore, a carbon sequestration and emission reduction technology (SFM carbon sequestration and emission reduction technology for short) based on a Straw (Straw) -soil animal (Fauna) -soil Mineral (Mineral) system is provided, and theoretical basis and technical support are provided for realizing carbon neutralization and carbon peak reaching of agricultural carbon and even carbon profit.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention aims to provide a method for cooperatively treating straws by utilizing insects and minerals, and aims to solve the problem of greenhouse gas emission caused by direct returning of the straws to the field.
The embodiment of the invention is realized by a method for cooperatively treating straws by utilizing insects and minerals, which comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: cleaning, drying and crushing the wheat straws to about 1mm in length;
step two: fully mixing five minerals of hydroxyapatite, montmorillonite, ferroferric oxide, ferric oxide and aluminum oxide with straws in a beaker according to the proportion of 10 percent to 30 percent, and setting three parallel control groups for each treatment;
step three: putting the hungry scarab larvae into the straw mixture obtained in the second step, recording the initial weight, keeping the humidity of the straw mixture at 40%, wrapping the beaker with tinfoil, inserting the beaker into a hole for ventilation, and putting the beaker into a dark artificial climate box for feeding for 10 days;
step four: picking out larvae, recording weight, drying the produced insect feces at 40 ℃, grinding and sieving with a 100-mesh sieve for detection.
According to a further technical scheme, the using amount of the wheat straws in each beaker in the step two is 10 g.
According to a further technical scheme, the addition amount of each mineral in the step two is the dry weight mass ratio of the mineral to the wheat straw powder.
The further technical proposal is that the temperature of the artificial climate box in the third step is 25 ℃ and the relative humidity is 50%.
According to a further technical scheme, five larvae of the platysternon megacephalum are placed in each beaker in the third step.
According to a further technical scheme, the starvation treatment in the third step is to place the larvae into a container only covered by insect dung and without food, and place the larvae into a dark artificial climate box for cultivation for 7 days.
According to the method for cooperatively treating the straws by utilizing the insects and the minerals, provided by the embodiment of the invention, the straws and the mineral mixture are subjected to feeding and conversion by the larvae of the Stephania sinica Diels, so that the relative content of the stable organic carbon in the obtained insect manure is higher than that of the straws, and the problem of greenhouse gas emission caused by direct returning of the straws to the field can be effectively solved.
The larva of the scarab beetle used in the invention has higher straw conversion efficiency, the amount of the straw taken for one day is 0.57g, and the conversion efficiency from the straw to the insect feces is as high as 86%. And the polypide is rich in high protein and can be used as medicinal materials or feed. The larvae of the platysternon megacephalum are easy to feed, the larval stage is as long as 125-142 days, and the straw treatment potential is higher.
The insect manure prepared by the invention takes crop straws such as wheat and the like as raw materials, has large yield, low cost and simple preparation process, and develops a new way for high-efficiency utilization of agricultural wastes and carbon fixation and emission reduction.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an NMR spectrum of insect feces obtained under different treatment conversions of a method for cooperatively treating straws by insects and minerals provided by the embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is SEM and EDS images of insect feces obtained under different treatment conversions in a method for co-processing straws by insects and minerals according to an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Specific implementations of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.
Example 1:
production and detection of insect manure
Cleaning, drying and crushing the wheat straws to the length of about 1 mm. 10g of wheat straw powder was weighed into a beaker. Mixing Hydroxyapatite (HAP), montmorillonite (MMT), and ferroferric oxide (Fe)3O4) Iron oxide (Fe)2O3) Aluminum oxide (Al)2O3) The five minerals are fully mixed with the straws according to the weight ratio of 10 percent to 30 percent, and each treatment device is provided with 3 parallel devices. Respectively putting 5 notes into the mixture of the straws and the mineralsInitial weight and starvation treated larvae of platysternon leucocephala were recorded. The moisture of the straw mixture was kept at 40%. Wrapping the beaker with tinfoil, inserting into a hole for ventilation, and feeding in a dark artificial climate box with a relative humidity of 50% at 25 deg.C. After 10 days of feeding, the larvae were picked and the weight was recorded. Drying the insect feces generated by each treatment at 40 ℃, grinding and sieving with a 100-mesh sieve. The sample processing details are given in table 1.
Further measuring the content of water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC), the content of Organic Carbon (OC) and the content of elements such as K, P and the like of the insect manure obtained in the embodiment: the appropriate amount of insect feces passing through a 100 mesh sieve was selected and analyzed for OC, TN content using an elemental analyzer (Hanau, Germany). The content of Water Soluble Organic Carbon (WSOC) in the insect manure is 0.034mol L-11K2SO4Extraction (1:5w/v) was performed and determined with TOC.
The organic carbon morphology and relative content thereof in the different treated insect excreta are further characterized by 13C CPMAS NMR; and (3) representing the microstructure of the mineral-treated insect manure powder by a scanning electron microscope and an energy spectrum. In the above measurement method, the test parameters at the time of detection of 13C CPMAS NMR are as follows: the diameter of the rotor is 4mm, the resonance frequency is 125.8MHz, the contact time is 2ms, the cycle delay time is 2.5s, the scanning times are 6000 times, and other parameters are automatically set by referring to a machine.
TABLE 1 sample treatment details, including mineral type and amount
Comparative example 1:
(1) production and detection of insect manure
Cleaning, drying and crushing the wheat straws to the length of about 1 mm. 10g of wheat straw powder is weighed and placed in a beaker, and 3 wheat straw powder pieces are arranged in parallel. 5 hungry larvae of Scarabaeus brevitarsis, which were initially weighed and subjected to starvation treatment, were placed in the straw. The humidity of the straw is kept at 40%. Wrapping the beaker with tinfoil, inserting into a hole for ventilation, and feeding in a dark artificial climate box with a relative humidity of 50% at 25 deg.C. After 10 days of feeding, the larvae were picked and the weight was recorded. Drying the insect feces generated by each treatment at 40 ℃, grinding and sieving with a 100-mesh sieve.
Further determining the content of water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) and OC and determining elements such as K, P and the like of the insect manure obtained in the comparison ratio: selecting appropriate amount of insect feces passing through 100 mesh sieve, and passing through 0.034mol L-1K2SO4Extraction of WSOC (1:5w/v) and determination with TOC; the content of OC, TN was analyzed using an elemental analyzer (Hanau, Germany); using HNO to treat insect feces3:HClO4The digestion was carried out with 3:1 mixed acid, and the element was measured by ICP-OES (Agilent 5000). And further characterizing the organic carbon form and relative content in the different treated insect excreta through 13C CPMAS NMR; and (3) representing the microstructure of the mineral-treated insect manure powder by a scanning electron microscope and an energy spectrum. In the above measurement method, the test parameters at the time of detection of 13C CPMAS NMR are as follows: the diameter of the rotor is 4mm, the resonance frequency is 125.8MHz, the contact time is 2ms, the cycle delay time is 2.5s, the scanning times are 6000 times, and other parameters are automatically set by referring to a machine.
The content of the total P and the total K of the nutrient elements in the wheat straws and the wheat straw insect manure is shown in the table 2.
TABLE 2 content of nutrient elements P and K in wheat straw and wheat straw insect feces
As can be seen from the data in Table 2, the contents of total P and total K in the obtained pest feces are 42.06 times and 2.47 times of those of wheat straws respectively after feeding and conversion of the larvae of the Stephania macranthoides. Therefore, compared with wheat straws, the insect manure has higher nutrient content and is a high-quality organic fertilizer.
The OC in the worm manure, the WSOC value and the WSOC ratio in OC obtained from the production of the different treatments are shown in Table 3.
TABLE 3 OC in faeces of different treatments, WSOC values and WSOC proportion in OC
Note: hydroxyapatite (HAP), montmorillonite (MMT), and ferroferric oxide (Fe)3O4) Iron oxide (Fe)2O3) Aluminum oxide (Al)2O3)
As can be seen from the data in table 3, the addition of minerals reduced the OC and WSOC content in the insect feces as well as the percentage of WSOC in the OC. WSOC in the worm manure was reduced by 19.18%, 5.95%, 33.63%, 18.81% and 20.25% in the treatment with 10% mineral addition, respectively, compared to the control. In the treatment with 30% mineral, WSOC in the insect feces was reduced by 49.51%, 29.56%, 35.89%, 41.97% and 43.55%, respectively. Compared with the control, in the treatment of adding 10% of minerals, the percentage content of WSOC in OC in the insect manure is respectively reduced by 2.71%, 0.03%, 13.57%, 4.44% and 5.89%. In the treatment of adding 30% of minerals, the percentage content of WSOC in OC in the insect manure is respectively reduced by 5.58%, 2.80%, 3.32%, 3.86% and 4.26% of water-soluble organic carbon, which is regarded as being composed of unstable organic carbon compounds, so that the mineral type with the best carbon fixing effect and the added amount of ferric oxide with 10% of carbon fixing effect are determined, and the percentage content of WSOC in the insect manure can be reduced to the maximum extent.
In order to verify the effect of the mineral addition treatment on the chemical structure of the organic carbon in the insect feces, the chemical structure change of the organic carbon in the insect feces was detected by 13C CPMAS NMR.
From fig. 1 in conjunction with the data in table 4, it can be seen that:
the chemical shift regions 0-45 ppm, 45-110 ppm, 110-140 ppm, 140-160 ppm and 160-220 ppm are respectively alkyl carbon, O/N-alkyl carbon, C-substituted aromatic carbon, O-substituted aromatic carbon and carboxyl carbon. The NMR main peak and the maximum signal intensity of all the insect feces are in an O/N-alkyl carbon area, and then alkyl carbon, C-substituted aromatic carbon and carboxyl carbon are arranged, and the content of O-substituted aromatic carbon is the minimum. Lignin, tannin, etc., which are hardly utilized for characterization of alkyl carbon, aromatic carbon, etc., i.e., hardly decomposed carbon. The results in table 4 show that the content of alkyl carbon in the worm manure is obviously improved after the mineral is added. Compared with the control, the percentage content of alkyl carbon in 10 percent of ferric oxide and ferroferric oxide excrement in the treatment is respectively increased by 19 percent and 22 percent. The percentage content of alkyl carbon in the montmorillonite and the ferroferric oxide excrement in 30 percent of treatment is respectively increased by 22 percent and 29.7 percent. In addition, the aromatic carbon content of 10% of ferric oxide and 30% of ferroferric oxide is obviously improved by 59.8% and 41.4%. Studies have shown that iron plays an important role in the soil organic carbon accumulation process, and iron participates in physical, chemical and biological protection mechanisms by promoting the formation of aggregates, co-precipitation and adsorption with organic carbon, and affecting microbial activity, respectively.
TABLE 4 relative content of organic carbon in insect feces
Note: hydroxyapatite (HAP), montmorillonite (MMT), and ferroferric oxide (Fe)3O4) Iron oxide (Fe)2O3) Aluminum oxide (Al)2O3)
In order to more vividly verify the influence of mineral addition treatment on the chemical structure of organic carbon in the insect manure in the method, the combination mode of minerals and organic carbon in the insect manure is represented by combining STM with EDS.
From the data in FIG. 2, it can be seen that:
the image of a scanning electron microscope shows the microstructure of the mineral-treated worm excrement powder, and the added mineral particles tightly wrap organic matters (such as straws) in the worm excrement to form mineral-combined organic matters, so that the decomposition of the organic matters in the intestinal tracts of the scarab beetle larvae is greatly reduced, and the decomposition is consistent with the data of OC and WSOC. EDS results show that the carbon content in the 10% ferric oxide treated manure was highest.
Considering the price and the using amount of the mineral and the carbon fixing effect thereof, the treatment of 10 percent ferric oxide is preferably used as the optimal addition.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A method for treating straws by using insects and minerals in a synergistic way is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: cleaning, drying and crushing the wheat straws to 1mm in length;
step two: fully mixing five minerals of hydroxyapatite, montmorillonite, ferroferric oxide, ferric oxide and aluminum oxide with straws in a beaker according to the proportion of 10 percent to 30 percent;
step three: putting the hungry scarab larvae into the straw mixture obtained in the second step, recording the initial weight, keeping the humidity of the straw mixture at 40%, wrapping the beaker with tinfoil, inserting the beaker into a dark artificial climate box for ventilation, and feeding the beaker for 10 days;
step four: picking out larvae, recording weight, drying the produced insect feces at 40 ℃, grinding and sieving with a 100-mesh sieve for detection.
2. The method for utilizing insects to co-dispose straw with minerals according to claim 1, wherein three parallel control groups are provided for each treatment in step two.
3. The method for utilizing insects and minerals for co-processing straw according to claim 2, wherein the amount of wheat straw used in each beaker in the second step is 10 g.
4. The method for utilizing insects and minerals for co-processing straw according to claim 2, wherein the addition amount of each mineral in the second step is the dry weight/mass ratio of the mineral to the wheat straw powder.
5. The method for utilizing insects and minerals for co-disposing straw as claimed in claim 1, wherein the temperature of the climatic chamber in the third step is 25 ℃ and the relative humidity is 50%.
6. The method for utilizing insects to co-dispose straw with minerals according to claim 5, wherein five larvae of the platysternon leucocephala are placed in each beaker in the third step.
7. The method for utilizing insects and minerals to co-dispose straw in accordance with claim 5, wherein the starvation treatment in step three is to place the larvae in a container covered with only insect feces and without food, and to place them in a dark artificial climate box for 7 days.
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