CN114478019B - 一种TiC改性MoSi2基复合涂层及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种TiC改性MoSi2基复合涂层及其制备方法,所述复合涂层主要由基体相、增强相,以及位于基体相与增强相之间的界面相组成,所述基体相为MoSi2、所述增强相包含TiC、所述界面相的化学式为(Tix,Mo1‑x)Si2,其中,0.33≤x≤0.95,所述复合涂层制备于难熔金属基材表面。所述制备方法为,采用包含Mo包覆TiC粉末的原料粉末,加入溶剂和粘结剂混合制得涂层料浆,并均匀涂覆在基材表面,经反应烧结而成。本发明提供的复合涂层1800℃抗氧化寿命达10h以上,室温~1800℃热震性能达1000次以上,在超高温、高速气流冲刷环境下,涂层结构稳定、抗氧化烧蚀性能优异,适用于航空航天领域高温部件的抗氧化、抗烧蚀防护涂层。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于高温涂层技术领域,尤其涉及一种TiC改性MoSi2基复合涂层及其制备方法。
背景技术
航空航天技术的快速发展,对高温结构材料及其抗氧化/烧蚀防护涂层提出了越来越高的性能要求。难熔金属(包括钨、钼、铌、钽及其合金等)具有高熔点、较高的高温强度、低热膨胀、高热导率等性能特点,被广泛应用于航空航天、国防军工等领域。然而,难熔金属高温抗氧化性能较差,极大限制了其在高温有氧环境下的应用。为保护航空航天用难熔金属高温部件不被氧化烧蚀破坏,需要进行抗氧化涂层防护,该抗氧化涂层要求具有高的工作温度(≥1800℃)、优异的抗氧化烧蚀、抗高温高速气流冲刷等性能。MoSi2具有高熔点(2030℃)、较低密度(6.24g/cm3),且高温氧化时能形成保护性氧化膜从而具有优异的高温抗氧化性能,是一类典型的高温抗氧化涂层。然而,MoSi2涂层在工程应用过程中也存在一些不足,一是工作温度偏低(~1650℃),无法满足超高温度工作要求;二是在高温、高速气流冲刷环境下,MoSi2形成的氧化膜易被冲刷流动变形,导致抗烧蚀性能差;同时,还存在脆性大、与基材热膨胀系数相差较大等问题,难以满足空天前沿领域的耐更高温和长时间抗氧化抗烧蚀性能要求。超高温碳化物陶瓷(如TiC)具有超高熔点(3000℃以上)、抗烧蚀等优点,是一类重要的超高温材料。采用高熔点、抗烧蚀的超高温碳化物陶瓷与硅化物复合,是提高涂层耐高温、抗烧蚀性的一个有效方法。然而,由于碳化物陶瓷与硅化物之间键结构和热物性能的差异(如TiC熔点3140℃,热膨胀系数7.8×10-6K-1,热导率45W/m·K;ZrC熔点3540℃,热膨胀系数6.7×10-6K-1,热导率20W/m·K;MoSi2熔点2030℃,热膨胀系数7.8×10-6K-1,热导率16W/m·K),导致碳化物陶瓷相和MoSi2相之间的相界面结合差和热失配,很容易在复合涂层中产生裂纹甚至龟裂,难以有效发挥两者复合效应。因此,解决碳化物陶瓷与硅化物涂层之间的界面结合和匹配问题,是发展新型碳化物陶瓷改性MoSi2基超高温复合涂层的关键。
发明内容
针对现有技术的不足,本发明的目的在于提供一种TiC改性MoSi2基复合涂层及其制备方法。
为了实现上述目的,本发明采用如下技术方案:
本发明一种TiC改性MoSi2基复合涂层,所述复合涂层由基体相、增强相,以及位于基体相与增强相之间的界面相组成,所述基体相为MoSi2,所述增强相包含TiC,所述界面相的化学式为(Tix,Mo1-x)Si2,其中,0.33≤x≤0.95,所述复合涂层制备于难熔金属基材表面。
在本发明中,难熔金属基材中的难熔金属是指钨、钼、铌、钽及其合金,基材与复合涂层之间具有过渡层,如当基材为铌及铌合金时,在复合涂层与基材之间可形成NbSi2过渡层;当基材为钨及钨合金时,在复合涂层与基材之间可形成WSi2过渡层;当基材为钽及钽合金时,在复合涂层与基材之间可形成TaSi2过渡层,从而使得基材与复合涂层之间的结合更加牢固。
而更重要的是本发明提供的复合涂层,由于含有(Tix,Mo1-x)Si2界面相,该界面相作为MoSi2基体相和TiC陶瓷增强相之间的过渡相,有效解决了超高温陶瓷TiC和MoSi2界面匹配和结合的问题,实现了MoSi2和TiC良好的界面结合。该界面相的形成,一方面显著提高了涂层的力学性能,另一方面该界面相也是一种优异的耐高温相,界面相和复合界面的形成有利于阻碍氧向基材内部扩散,从而显著提高了涂层的耐高温、抗氧化性能。
优选的方案,所述界面相的化学式为(Tix,Mo1-x)Si2,0.33≤x≤0.8。
优选的方案,所述复合涂层,按质量百分比计,其组成如下:Mo 40~60%,Ti 0.24~33%,C 0.06~7%,余量为Si。
优选的方案,所述复合涂层在1800℃下抗氧化寿命达10h以上,室温~1800℃热震性能达1000次以上。
本发明中,1800℃抗氧化寿命是指,涂层试样在30s内升温至1800℃后开始保温,涂层不发生破坏所持续的时间;室温~1800℃热震性能是指,涂层试样从30s上升到1800℃,保温5min后,30s降到室温,记为1个热震次数。
本发明一种TiC改性MoSi2基复合涂层的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
步骤一:涂层浆料的配制
配取Mo粉、Si粉、Mo包覆TiC粉末,混合获得混合粉末,然后加入溶剂和粘结剂,混合获得涂层料浆。
步骤二:涂层浆料的涂覆
将步骤一所得涂层料浆,均匀涂覆在基材表面,经干燥后形成涂层坯体。
步骤三:反应烧结
将步骤二所得涂层坯体,进行反应烧结,即得复合涂层。
本发明提供的制备方法,先配制涂层料浆,将涂层料浆均匀涂覆于基材表面,通过反应烧结,形成与基材紧密结合的复合涂层,本发明的复合涂层通过以Mo包覆TiC粉末的形式来加入TiC,在反应烧结的过程中,在MoSi2基体相和TiC增强相之间形成了(Tix,Mo1-x)Si2界面相。
优选的方案,所述步骤一中,混合粉末中,Mo粉的质量分数为20%~40%。
优选的方案,所述步骤一中,混合粉末中,Mo包覆TiC粉末的质量分数为0.5%~20%。
优选的方案,所述步骤一中,配取Mo粉、Si粉、Mo包覆TiC粉末、Ti源,混合获得混合粉末,所述Ti源中的Ti元素在混合粉末中的质量分数为0.5%~15%。
发明人发现,通过适量的引入少量Ti源,可以降低涂层烧结温度。
进一步的优选,所述Ti源选自Ti粉、TiH2粉、Mo-Ti合金粉中的至少一种。
在本发明中,Mo-Ti合金粉的Mo、Ti比例不受限制。
进一步的优选,所述Ti源的粒径≤10μm。
优选的方案,所述Mo粉的粒径≤5μm,所述Si粉的粒径≤15μm。
本发明中,对Mo包覆TiC粉末的制备方法不受限制,优选为采用非均相沉淀-热还原技术制备而成。
进一步的优选,所述Mo包覆TiC粉末的制备方法为:
步骤1
将TiC粉末加入到浓度为10~80mol/L的钼酸铵溶液中,再加入表面活性剂聚乙二醇,搅拌并超声震荡形成悬浮液,所述聚乙二醇与钼酸铵溶液的固液质量体积比为5~10g:1L;
步骤2
往悬浮液中滴加浓度为1~3mol/L的碳酸氢铵溶液,直至调节悬浮液pH值为9~12,并将悬浮液依次进行离心分离、洗涤、干燥,得到前驱体粉末;
步骤3
将前驱体粉末在氢气下于750~900℃进行煅烧2~5h,即得Mo包覆TiC粉末。
进一步的优选,所述TiC粉的粒径为30nm~5μm,优选为50nm~1μm。
优选的方案,所述步骤一中,所述粘结剂为聚乙二醇,所述粘结剂的加入量为混合粉末质量的0.1~0.5%。
优选的方案,所述步骤一中,所述溶剂为无水乙醇或水,混合粉末与溶剂固液质量体积比为100g:90~120ml。
优选的方案,所述步骤一中,混合的方式为球磨,所述球磨为湿法球磨,所述湿法球磨在真空气氛或保护气氛下进行,球磨的时间为4~12h,球磨的转速为150~300rad/min。
优选的方案,所述步骤二中,所述干燥为真空干燥。
优选的方案,所述步骤三中,反应烧结的温度为1400~1600℃,保温的时间为15~60min,反应烧结的气氛为非氧化性气氛。所述非氧化性气氛选自真空气氛、Ar气氛或H2气氛中的一种。
本发明相对于现有涂层和制备技术,其优点如下:
1、本发明的TiC改性MoSi2基复合涂层,是一种全新的抗氧化涂层体系,该涂层具有独特的基体相-界面相-增强相镶嵌复合的特征微结构,目前尚无相关报道。(Tix,Mo1-x)Si2界面相作为MoSi2基体相和TiC陶瓷增强相之间的过渡相,有效解决了超高温陶瓷TiC和MoSi2界面匹配和结合的问题,实现了MoSi2和TiC良好的界面结合;同时,在涂层服役过程中,该界面相可抑制微裂纹进一步扩展,提高涂层服役寿命。
2、本发明的制备方法,通过在原料中引入Mo包覆TiC粉末以代替TiC粉末的添加,涂层在制备过程中,通过原位反应在MoSi2基体相和TiC增强相之间诱导形成(Tix,Mo1-x)Si2界面相。
3、本发明的TiC改性MoSi2基复合涂层,由MoSi2、(Tix,Mo1-x)Si2和TiC等物相组成,(Tix,Mo1-x)Si2界面相不仅起到改善界面结合的作用,它也是一种耐高温相。通过添加TiC超高温陶瓷相及原位形成(Tix,Mo1-x)Si2耐高温相,使复合涂层的高温抗氧化、抗烧蚀性能均得到明显提高,其1800℃下具有10h以上的寿命,室温~1800℃热震性能达1000次以上。
4、本发明的TiC改性MoSi2基复合涂层性能优异,工艺简单,非常适于用作航空航天热端部件的耐高温抗氧化/烧蚀涂层。
附图说明
图1为实施例1中所得复合涂层的组织形貌图。
附图1中,浅灰色相1#为MoSi2基体相,暗灰色相2#为(Ti0.8,Mo0.2)Si2界面相,黑色相3#为TiC增强相,形成了基体相-界面相-增强相镶嵌复合的特征微组织结构。
图2为对比例1中所得复合涂层的组织形貌图。浅灰色相4#为MoSi2基体相,黑色相5#为TiC增强相,未形成中间界面相。
具体实施方式
实施例1:
(1)原料的配取:按比例称取Mo粉、Si粉、Mo包覆TiC粉,其中各粉末质量比为40%Mo,0.5%Mo包覆TiC,余量为Si,其中,Mo粉粒径2~5μm,Si粉粒径5~15μm;
将上述称取的粉末倒入球磨罐中,加入粘结剂聚乙二醇和溶剂无水乙醇,在Ar气氛下球磨得到涂层料浆,粘结剂占涂层粉末质量的0.1%,涂层粉末与溶剂的固液质量体积比为100g:90ml,球磨转速为150rad/min,球磨时间为12h;
其中,Mo包覆TiC采用非均相沉淀-热还原技术制备而成。首先,将粒径为30nm的TiC粉末加入到浓度为10mol/L的钼酸铵溶液中,并按5g/L加入表面活性剂聚乙二醇,充分搅拌并超声震荡形成悬浮液;其次,往悬浮液中滴加浓度为1mol/L的碳酸氢铵溶液,直至调节悬浮液PH值至9,并将悬浮液依次进行离心分离、洗涤、干燥,得到前驱体粉末;最后,将前驱体粉末在氢气下于750℃进行煅烧和还原5h,形成Mo包覆TiC粉末。
(2)料浆涂覆:将(1)中所述涂层料浆均匀涂覆在难熔金属基材表面,经真空干燥后形成涂层坯体;
(3)反应烧结:将(2)中所述涂层坯体进行高温反应烧结,从而形成TiC改性MoSi2基复合涂层。其中,烧结温度为1400℃,保温时间为60min,复合涂层的相组成为基体相MoSi2、界面相(Ti0.33,Mo0.67)Si2、增强相TiC,复合涂层在1800℃抗氧化寿命为10h,室温~1800℃热震性能为1032次。
对比例1
其他条件与实施例1相同,仅是步骤(1)中Mo包覆TiC粉变为TiC粉,所得TiC改性MoSi2基复合涂层1800℃有效抗氧化寿命为3~6h,室温~1800℃热震性能为500次。与实施例1相比,其抗氧化性变差的原因在于复合涂层中未形成(Tix,Mo1-x)Si2界面相。
实施例2:
(1)原料的配取:按比例称取Mo粉、Si粉、Mo包覆TiC粉混合,其中各粉末质量比为40%Mo,2.5%Mo包覆TiC,余量为Si,其中,Mo粉粒径2~5μm,Si粉粒径5~10μm;
将上述称取的粉末倒入球磨罐中,加入粘结剂聚乙二醇和溶剂无水乙醇,在Ar气氛下球磨得到涂层料浆,粘结剂占涂层粉末质量的0.2%,涂层粉末与溶剂的固液质量体积比为100g:100ml,球磨转速为180rad/min,球磨时间为10h;
其中,Mo包覆TiC采用非均相沉淀-热还原技术制备而成。首先,将粒径为100nm的TiC粉末加入到浓度为30mol/L的钼酸铵溶液中,并按6g/L加入表面活性剂聚乙二醇,充分搅拌并超声震荡形成悬浮液;其次,往悬浮液中滴加浓度为2mol/L的碳酸氢铵溶液,直至调节悬浮液PH值至10,并将悬浮液依次进行离心分离、洗涤、干燥,得到前驱体粉末;最后,将前驱体粉末在氢气下于800℃进行煅烧和还原4h,形成Mo包覆TiC粉末。
(2)粉末干燥:将(1)中所述涂层料浆均匀涂覆在难熔金属基材表面,经真空干燥后形成涂层坯体;
(3)反应烧结:将(2)中所述涂层坯体进行高温反应烧结,从而形成TiC改性MoSi2基复合涂层。其中,烧结温度为1440℃,保温时间为45min,复合涂层的相组成为基体相MoSi2、界面相(Ti0.8,Mo0.2)Si2、增强相TiC,复合涂层1800℃抗氧化寿命为12h,室温~1800℃热震性能为1058次。
实施例3:
(1)原料的配取:按比例称取Mo粉、Si粉、Mo包覆TiC粉混合,其中各粉末质量比为35%Mo,5%Mo包覆TiC,余量为Si,其中,Mo粉粒径2~5μm,Si粉粒径10~15μm;
将上述称取的粉末倒入球磨罐中,加入粘结剂聚乙二醇和溶剂无水乙醇,在Ar气氛下球磨得到涂层料浆,粘结剂占涂层粉末质量的0.25%,涂层粉末与溶剂的固液质量体积比为100g:100ml,球磨转速为200rad/min,球磨时间为8h;
其中,Mo包覆TiC采用非均相沉淀-热还原技术制备而成。首先,将粒径为0.5μm的TiC粉末加入到浓度为50mol/L的钼酸铵溶液中,并按8g/L加入表面活性剂聚乙二醇,充分搅拌并超声震荡形成悬浮液;其次,往悬浮液中滴加浓度为2mol/L的碳酸氢铵溶液,直至调节悬浮液PH值至11,并将悬浮液依次进行离心分离、洗涤、干燥,得到前驱体粉末;最后,将前驱体粉末在氢气下于850℃进行煅烧和还原3h,形成Mo包覆TiC粉末。
(2)粉末干燥:将(1)中所述涂层料浆均匀涂覆在难熔金属基材表面,经真空干燥后形成涂层坯体;
(3)反应烧结:将(2)中所述涂层坯体进行高温反应烧结,从而形成TiC改性MoSi2基复合涂层。其中,烧结温度为1480℃,保温时间为30min,复合涂层的相组成为基体相MoSi2、界面相(Ti0.8,Mo0.2)Si2、增强相TiC,复合涂层1800℃抗氧化寿命为15h,室温~1800℃热震性能为1100次。
实施例4:
(1)原料的配取:原料的配取:按比例称取Mo粉、Si粉、Mo包覆TiC粉混合,其中各粉末质量比为30%Mo,12.5%Mo包覆TiC,余量为Si,其中,Mo粉粒径2~5μm,Si粉粒径5~15μm;
将上述称取的粉末倒入球磨罐中,加入粘结剂聚乙二醇和溶剂蒸馏水,在真空气氛下球磨得到涂层料浆,粘结剂占涂层粉末质量的0.3%,涂层粉末与溶剂的固液质量体积比为100g:110ml,球磨转速为220rad/min,球磨时间为6h;
其中,Mo包覆TiC采用非均相沉淀-热还原技术制备而成。首先,将粒径为1μm的TiC粉末加入到浓度为60mol/L的钼酸铵溶液中,并按10g/L加入表面活性剂聚乙二醇,充分搅拌并超声震荡形成悬浮液;其次,往悬浮液中滴加浓度为3mol/L的碳酸氢铵溶液,直至调节悬浮液PH值至12,并将悬浮液依次进行离心分离、洗涤、干燥,得到前驱体粉末;最后,将前驱体粉末在氢气下于900℃进行煅烧和还原2h,形成Mo包覆TiC粉末。
(2)粉末干燥:将(1)中所述涂层料浆均匀涂覆在难熔金属基材表面,经真空干燥后形成涂层坯体;
(3)反应烧结:将(2)中所述涂层坯体进行高温反应烧结,从而形成TiC改性MoSi2基复合涂层。其中,烧结温度为1550℃,保温时间为20min,复合涂层的相组成为基体相MoSi2、界面相(Ti0.8,Mo0.2)Si2、增强相TiC,复合涂层1800℃抗氧化寿命为20h,室温~1800℃热震性能为1210次。
实施例5:
(1)原料的配取:按比例称取Mo粉、Si粉、Mo包覆TiC粉混合,其中各粉末质量比为20%Mo,20%Mo包覆TiC,余量为Si,其中,Mo粉粒径1~3μm,Si粉粒径5~10μm;
将上述称取的粉末倒入球磨罐中,加入粘结剂聚乙二醇和溶剂无水乙醇,在Ar气氛下球磨得到涂层料浆,粘结剂占涂层粉末质量的0.5%,涂层粉末与溶剂的固液质量体积比为100g:120ml,球磨转速为300rad/min,球磨时间为4h;
其中,Mo包覆TiC采用非均相沉淀-热还原技术制备而成。首先,将粒径为5μmTiC粉末加入到浓度为80mol/L的钼酸铵溶液中,并按8g/L加入表面活性剂聚乙二醇,充分搅拌并超声震荡形成悬浮液;其次,往悬浮液中滴加浓度为2mol/L的碳酸氢铵溶液,直至调节悬浮液PH值至10,并将悬浮液依次进行离心分离、洗涤、干燥,得到前驱体粉末;最后,将前驱体粉末在氢气下于850℃进行煅烧和还4h,形成Mo包覆TiC粉末。
(2)粉末干燥:将(1)中所述涂层料浆均匀涂覆在难熔金属基材表面,经真空干燥后形成涂层坯体;
(3)反应烧结:将(2)中所述涂层坯体进行高温反应烧结,从而形成TiC改性MoSi2基复合涂层。其中,烧结温度为1600℃,保温时间为15min,复合涂层的相组成为基体相MoSi2、界面相(Ti0.8,Mo0.2)Si2、增强相TiC,复合涂层1800℃抗氧化寿命为15h,室温~1800℃热震性能为1120次。
实施例6:
(1)配料:按比例称取Mo粉、Ti粉、Si粉、Mo包覆TiC粉混合,其中各粉末质量比为40%Mo,0.5%Ti,0.5%Mo包覆TiC,余量为Si,其中,Mo粉粒径2~5μm,Si粉粒径5~10μm;
将上述称取的粉末倒入球磨罐中,加入粘结剂聚乙二醇和溶剂蒸馏水,在真空气氛下球磨得到涂层料浆,粘结剂占涂层粉末质量的0.25%,涂层粉末与溶剂的固液质量体积比为100g:110ml,球磨转速为180rad/min,球磨时间为10h;
其中,Mo包覆TiC采用非均相沉淀-热还原技术制备而成。首先,将粒径为500nm的TiC粉末加入到浓度为20mol/L的钼酸铵溶液中,并按8g/L加入表面活性剂聚乙二醇,充分搅拌并超声震荡形成悬浮液;其次,往悬浮液中滴加浓度为2mol/L的碳酸氢铵溶液,直至调节悬浮液PH值至10,并将悬浮液依次进行离心分离、洗涤、干燥,得到前驱体粉末;最后,将前驱体粉末在氢气下于850℃进行煅烧和还4h,形成Mo包覆TiC粉末。
(2)粉末干燥:将(1)中所述涂层料浆均匀涂覆在难熔金属基材表面,经真空干燥后形成涂层坯体;
(3)反应烧结:将(2)中所述涂层坯体进行高温反应烧结,从而形成TiC改性MoSi2基复合涂层。其中,烧结温度为1400℃,保温时间为45min,复合涂层的相组成为基体相MoSi2、界面相(Ti0.95,Mo0.05)Si2、增强相TiC,复合涂层1800℃抗氧化寿命为17h,室温~1800℃热震性能为1150次。
实施例7:
(1)配料:按比例称取Mo粉、TiH2粉、Si粉、Mo包覆TiC粉混合,其中各粉末质量比为30%Mo,2.5%Mo-Ti,5%Mo包覆TiC,余量为Si,其中,Mo粉粒径3~5μm,Si粉粒径8~15μm;
将上述称取的粉末倒入球磨罐中,加入粘结剂聚乙二醇和溶剂无水乙醇,在Ar气氛下球磨得到涂层料浆,粘结剂占涂层粉末质量的0.3%,涂层粉末与溶剂的固液质量体积比为100g:105ml,球磨转速为200rad/min,球磨时间为8h;
其中,Mo包覆TiC采用非均相沉淀-热还原技术制备而成。首先,将粒径为200nmTiC粉末加入到浓度为40mol/L的钼酸铵溶液中,并按6g/L加入表面活性剂聚乙二醇,充分搅拌并超声震荡形成悬浮液;其次,往悬浮液中滴加浓度为3mol/L的碳酸氢铵溶液,直至调节悬浮液PH值至11,并将悬浮液依次进行离心分离、洗涤、干燥,得到前驱体粉末;最后,将前驱体粉末在氢气下于800℃进行煅烧和还5h,形成Mo包覆TiC粉末。
(2)粉末干燥:将(1)中所述涂层料浆均匀涂覆在难熔金属基材表面,经真空干燥后形成涂层坯体;
(3)反应烧结:将(2)中所述涂层坯体进行高温反应烧结,从而形成TiC改性MoSi2基复合涂层。其中,烧结温度为1450℃,保温时间为35min,复合涂层的相组成为基体相MoSi2、界面相(Ti0.95,Mo0.05)Si2、增强相TiC,复合涂层1800℃抗氧化寿命为17h,室温~1800℃热震性能为1180次。
实施例8:
(1)配料:按比例称取Mo粉、Mo-Ti合金粉、Si粉、Mo包覆TiC粉混合,其中各粉末质量比为25%Mo,5%TiH2,10%Mo包覆TiC,余量为Si,其中,Mo粉粒径2~5μm,Si粉粒径8~12μm;
将上述称取的粉末倒入球磨罐中,加入粘结剂聚乙二醇和溶剂蒸馏水,在真空气氛下球磨得到涂层料浆,粘结剂占涂层粉末质量的0.4%,涂层粉末与溶剂的固液质量体积比为100g:110ml,球磨转速为220rad/min,球磨时间为6h;
其中,Mo包覆TiC采用非均相沉淀-热还原技术制备而成。首先,将粒径为0.5μmTiC粉末加入到浓度为50mol/L的钼酸铵溶液中,并按7g/L加入表面活性剂聚乙二醇,充分搅拌并超声震荡形成悬浮液;其次,往悬浮液中滴加浓度为2.5mol/L的碳酸氢铵溶液,直至调节悬浮液PH值至9,并将悬浮液依次进行离心分离、洗涤、干燥,得到前驱体粉末;最后,将前驱体粉末在氢气下于820℃进行煅烧和还4h,形成Mo包覆TiC粉末。
(2)粉末干燥:将(1)中所述涂层料浆均匀涂覆在难熔金属基材表面,经真空干燥后形成涂层坯体;
(3)反应烧结:将(2)中所述涂层坯体进行高温反应烧结,从而形成TiC改性MoSi2基复合涂层。其中,烧结温度为1500℃,保温时间为20min,复合涂层的相组成为基体相MoSi2、界面相(Ti0.8,Mo0.2)Si2、增强相TiC,复合涂层1800℃抗氧化寿命为21h,室温~1800℃热震性能为1230次。
实施例9:
(1)配料:按比例称取Mo粉、Ti粉、Si粉、Mo包覆TiC粉混合,其中各粉末质量比为20%Mo,10%Ti,20%Mo包覆TiC,余量为Si,其中,Mo粉粒径1~3μm,Si粉粒径8~12μm;
将上述称取的粉末倒入球磨罐中,加入粘结剂聚乙二醇和溶剂无水乙醇,在Ar气氛下球磨得到涂层料浆,粘结剂占涂层粉末质量的0.5%,涂层粉末与溶剂的固液质量体积比为100g:120ml,球磨转速为200rad/min,球磨时间为6h;
其中,Mo包覆TiC采用非均相沉淀-热还原技术制备而成。首先,将粒径为50μmTiC粉末加入到浓度为40mol/L的钼酸铵溶液中,并按10g/L加入表面活性剂聚乙二醇,充分搅拌并超声震荡形成悬浮液;其次,往悬浮液中滴加浓度为2.5mol/L的碳酸氢铵溶液,直至调节悬浮液PH值至9,并将悬浮液依次进行离心分离、洗涤、干燥,得到前驱体粉末;最后,将前驱体粉末在氢气下于870℃进行煅烧和还4h,形成Mo包覆TiC粉末。
(2)粉末干燥:将(1)中所述涂层料浆均匀涂覆在难熔金属基材表面,经真空干燥后形成涂层坯体;
(3)反应烧结:将(2)中所述涂层坯体进行高温反应烧结,从而形成TiC改性MoSi2基复合涂层。其中,烧结温度为1500℃,保温时间为30min,复合涂层的相组成为基体相MoSi2、界面相(Ti0.95,Mo0.05)Si2、增强相TiC,复合涂层1800℃抗氧化寿命为19h,室温~1800℃热震性能为1085次。
Claims (9)
1.一种TiC改性MoSi2基复合涂层,其特征在于:所述复合涂层由基体相、增强相,以及位于基体相与增强相之间的界面相组成,所述基体相为MoSi2,所述增强相包含TiC,所述界面相的化学式为(Tix,Mo1-x)Si2,其中,0.33≤x≤0.95;所述复合涂层制备于难熔金属基材表面。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种TiC改性MoSi2基复合涂层,其特征在于:所述复合涂层,按质量百分比计,其组成如下:Mo 40~60%,Ti 0.24~33%,C0.06~7%,余量为Si。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的一种TiC改性MoSi2基复合涂层的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
步骤一:涂层浆料的配制
配取Mo粉、Si粉、Mo包覆TiC粉末,混合获得混合粉末,然后加入溶剂和粘结剂,混合获得涂层料浆;
所述Mo包覆TiC粉末的制备方法为:
步骤1
将TiC粉末加入到浓度为10~80mol/L的钼酸铵溶液中,再加入表面活性剂聚乙二醇,搅拌并超声震荡形成悬浮液,所述聚乙二醇与钼酸铵溶液的固液质量体积比为5~10g:1L;
所述TiC粉末的粒径为30nm~5μm;
步骤2
往悬浮液中滴加浓度为1~3mol/L的碳酸氢铵溶液,直至调节悬浮液pH值为9~12,并将悬浮液依次进行离心分离、洗涤、干燥,得到前驱体粉末;
步骤3
将前驱体粉末在氢气下于750~900℃进行煅烧2~5h,即得Mo包覆TiC粉末;
步骤二:涂层浆料的涂覆
将步骤一所得涂层料浆,均匀涂覆在基体表面,经干燥后形成涂层坯体;
步骤三:反应烧结
将步骤二所得涂层坯体,进行反应烧结,即得复合涂层。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种TiC改性MoSi2基复合涂层的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤一中,混合粉末中,Mo粉的质量分数为20%~40%;混合粉末中,Mo包覆TiC粉末的质量分数为0.5%~20%。
5.根据权利要求4所述的一种TiC改性MoSi2基复合涂层的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤一中,配取Mo粉、Si粉、Mo包覆TiC粉末、Ti源,混合获得混合粉末,所述Ti源中的Ti元素在混合粉末中的质量分数为0.5%~15%;所述Ti源选自Ti粉、TiH2粉、Mo-Ti合金粉中的至少一种;所述Ti源的粒径≤10μm。
6.根据权利要求3或5所述的一种TiC改性MoSi2基复合涂层的制备方法,其特征在于:
所述Mo粉的粒径≤5μm,所述Si粉的粒径≤15μm。
7.根据权利要求3所述的一种TiC改性MoSi2基复合涂层的制备方法,其特征在于:
所述步骤一中,所述粘结剂为聚乙二醇,所述粘结剂的加入量为混合粉末质量的0.1~0.5%;
所述步骤一中,所述溶剂为无水乙醇或水,混合粉末与溶剂固液质量体积比为100g:90~120ml。
8.根据权利要求3所述的一种TiC改性MoSi2基复合涂层的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤一中,混合的方式为球磨,所述球磨为湿法球磨,所述湿法球磨在真空气氛或保护气氛下进行,球磨的时间为4~12h,球磨的转速为150~300rad/min。
9.根据权利要求3所述的一种TiC改性MoSi2基复合涂层的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤三中,反应烧结的温度为1400~1600℃,保温时间为15~60min,反应烧结的气氛为非氧化性气氛。
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