CN114437949B - 一种来源于西藏的酿酒酵母及其发酵产物和应用 - Google Patents
一种来源于西藏的酿酒酵母及其发酵产物和应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及微生物领域,公开了一种源自西藏的酿酒酵母及其应用。酿酒酵母的保藏号为CGMCC No.20067。所述的酿酒酵母发酵物具有提高人真皮成纤维细胞和人表皮角质形成细胞增殖活性、提高人真皮成纤维细胞线粒体ATP含量、促进角质细胞形成细胞层生成粘连蛋白‑332或者增强角质层和基底层的功能,可用于制备皮肤外用剂,实现修复皮肤或抗衰老功能。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及微生物领域,具体涉及一种西藏来源的酿酒酵母;并涉及这种酿酒酵母的培养方法、发酵产物及应用。
背景技术
皮肤衰老是每个人会面临的问题,导致皮肤衰老的原因很多,内在的原因主要是细胞增殖和修复能力衰退,外部因素主要包括太阳光中的紫外线照射等。线粒体是细胞的“能量工厂”,以ATP的形式为内源性反应提供化学能。另外,线粒体还参与多种细胞活动,如增殖、分化、氧化、衰老和凋亡。线粒体通过降低能量产生、增加活性氧(ROS)和缺陷性线粒体自噬,参与衰老相关的生物学过程,其功能异常成为加速细胞衰老的关键因素。由于自身代谢和紫外辐射,皮肤会产生自由基,形成氧化应力,随着年龄的增长,过剩的活性氧会造成细胞损伤,从而使皮肤失去弹性,产生皱纹。为了平衡氧化应力,由内而外地为肌肤补充抗氧化物质以及激发自身的抗氧化物质的产生都是十分有效的途经。虽然皮肤衰老的结局不可避免,但通过护肤品持续的日常护理可在一定程度上延缓皮肤衰老的进程。因此抗衰老护肤品一直在各大护肤品门类中占有重要地位,其市场被预计在未来仍将保持强劲增长。
同时,敏感性皮肤一直以来也是产生皮肤问题的原因,并随着环境污染日益严重以及精神等各方面压力增加,皮肤敏感性问题在世界各国的发生率日益增加,近年来被逐步重视。目前通常用诸如透明质酸、神经酰胺、精油或植物提取物等成分来补水、舒缓和修复角质层,以缓解敏感状况。敏感性皮肤的形成是一种累及皮肤屏障-神经血管-免疫炎症的复杂过程,原因复杂。其中一个重要原因是皮肤的屏障功能受损、皮肤角质层结构不完整,因此选用具有修复皮肤屏障作用的产品来修复受损的皮肤屏障和皮肤角质层,对敏感性皮肤的改善至关重要。这类皮肤修护型产品因能够解决皮肤敏感性问题而得到关注,具有良好的市场前景。
层粘连蛋白是一组糖蛋白,由通过二硫键结合的3条多肽链α、β和γ组成,是基底膜的组成成分。经证实,层粘连蛋白-5是皮肤、角膜、结膜以及其他组织基底膜锚壮纤维的组成成分,是角质形成细胞粘附和迁移的最佳配体,对正常伤口愈合起着至关重要的作用,对上皮细胞与基底膜之间的稳定结合起着重要作用,通过整合素和蛋白聚糖的介导,参与细胞之间的相互作用,从而在细胞的粘附、生长、迁移和分化中起着至关重要的作用。
酿酒酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)属于真菌,大小一般在1~5μm以及5-30μm。酵母细胞形态通常有球形、卵圆形等,具有细胞壁、细胞膜、细胞核、细胞质等结构。酿酒酵母的菌体中富含蛋白质、脂肪、糖类和B族维生素等营养物质,并有酶、辅酶、核糖核酸、甾醇等一些新陈代谢的中间产物,具有丰富的营养价值。
酵母发酵产物一般作为提供氨基酸、小分子肽、维生素等营养物质的保湿或美白成分应用于皮肤护理产品。中国专利CN105420132A公开了一种经过太空诱变育种的酿酒酵母,这种酵母与出发菌株及另一株诱变菌株相比,抵御紫外线能力强、糖苷酶活性高,其发酵产物能够清除自由基、抵御紫外线辐射,防止光老化,可用于皮肤外用剂的制备。
尽管市面上有各种用于皮肤护理的酵母发酵产品,但是对于有功效的发酵液仍然有迫切的需求。市面上较为高端的功效护肤品均倾向于采用天然来源的成分作为活性物,从而满足人们对于皮肤外用产品功效的追求。因此,如果能够获得一种具有抗氧化、延缓皮肤衰老的功效的酵母发酵产物并用于制备护肤品,将会有良好的市场前景。
发明内容
本发明旨在提供一种来源于西藏的酿酒酵母,能够应用于制备皮肤外用剂。
本发明还提供了上述酿酒酵母的发酵产物的应用及含有发酵产物的皮肤外用剂。
本发明的一个技术方案为:一种来源于西藏的酿酒酵母(Saccharomycescerevisiae),其保藏号为CGMCC No.20067。保藏于中国微生物菌种保藏管理委员会普通微生物中心(CGMCC,地址:中国北京市朝阳区北辰西路1号院3号,邮编:100101),保藏日期:2020年6月11日。
该酿酒酵母的26S rDNA序列比对差异区结果为:CCGTTT AAAAAA CCG GGA AACA共22个碱基,有17个与模式菌株不一样。
采用本领域的常规方法对本发明的酿酒酵母的菌株进行保藏。
本发明的另一个技术方案为,上述来源于西藏的酿酒酵母的培养方法:将保藏号为CGMCC No.20067的酿酒酵母接种于培养基中,28~35℃培养20~120小时。
优选的,所述培养基为液体或固体的YPD培养基、PDA培养基或GMMY培养基。
更为优选的,所述培养条件为,28~31℃培养24~72小时。本发明的一个优选方案为,30℃条件下培养48小时。
优选的,在培养之前还包括活化和用种子培养基进行种子培育,均采用本领域的常规方法。种子培养基优选为YPD培养基、PDA培养基或GMMY培养基。种子培养条件为:26~30℃培养24~72小时。优选为28~30℃培养24~72小时。
优选的,以体积比计算,种子菌液的接入量为0.05%~10%,更优选为0.05%~5%。
本发明另一个技术方案为,酿酒酵母及其发酵产物用于制备皮肤外用剂。
所述的发酵产物为酵母的发酵液、发酵液滤液或发酵液的上清液,或者所述发酵液、发酵液滤液或发酵液上清液的浓缩液、稀释液或干燥物。
该酿酒酵母的发酵产物能够促进人真皮成纤维细胞和人表皮角质形成细胞的增殖活性,可以抗衰老、改善人体真表皮组织的结构,以及修复皮肤,改善皮肤屏障,改善敏感性皮肤。
这种酿酒酵母的发酵产物还可以促进真皮成纤维细胞线粒体ATP生成,增加细胞内能量和活性。
所述的酿酒酵母的发酵产物还可以提高层粘连蛋白332的活性,可以增强基底膜稳定性,改善皮肤真表皮的粘附状态,维持表皮内稳态,用于延缓皮肤衰老。
所述的酿酒酵母的发酵产物还可增强基底层和角质层,可用于抗氧化和延缓皮肤衰老。
因此,所述的酵母发酵产物应用于制备具有修复皮肤或抗衰老功能的皮肤外用剂。
进一步,所述的酵母发酵产物应用于制备增强人体皮肤屏障、修复皮肤、改善敏感性皮肤、增强皮肤细胞活性、维持表皮内稳态、改善人体真表皮组织结构、增强基底膜稳定性的皮肤外用剂。
进一步,所述酵母发酵产物应用于制备提高人真皮成纤维细胞增殖活性、提高人真皮成纤维细胞线粒体ATP含量、提高人表皮角质形成细胞增殖活性、促进角质细胞形成细胞层生成粘连蛋白-332的皮肤外用剂。
本发明另一个技术方案为,一种皮肤外用剂,含有上述CGMCC No.20067酿酒酵母的发酵产物。
优选的,所述的皮肤外用剂至少具有以下效果之一:抗氧化、修复皮肤或抗衰老功能。
进一步的,所述的皮肤外用剂具有增强基底层和角质层、改善人体皮肤屏障、改善敏感性皮肤、增强皮肤细胞活性、维持表皮内稳态、改善人体真表皮组织结构、增强基底膜稳定性、改善皮肤真表皮粘附状态的功能。
进一步的,所述的皮肤外用剂具有提高人真皮成纤维细胞增殖活性、提高人真皮成纤维细胞ATP含量、提高人表皮角质形成细胞增殖活性、促进角质细胞形成细胞层粘连蛋白-332的功能。
优选的,以干物质计,所述皮肤外用剂中CGMCC No.20067酿酒酵母的发酵产物的含量为0.0001wt%~25wt%,更优选为0.0005wt%~10wt%。
本发明所述的皮肤外用剂,其定义为,涂抹、喷洒或者其它类似方法施加于人体表面尤其是皮肤表面,产生清洁、保养、美容、修饰、改变外观、修正人体气味、保持良好状态功效的产品,包括化妆品和药品。化妆品可以是起到清洁、护理、美化或保养等作用的基础化妆品、面部化妆品、头部护理品、身体护理品。
上述皮肤外用剂可以是经皮肤局部施用的剂型,因此应该含有生理学上可接受的介质,即与皮肤和粘膜组织相容、施用时无不适感、并且覆盖所有合适的化妆品和外用药品形式和剂型。
所述的皮肤外用剂还可以包括以下一种或多种活性成分:防晒成分、保湿剂、抗氧化剂、美白成分、除菌剂、祛斑成分、祛粉刺/痤疮活性成分、祛头屑活性成分、抗过敏活性成分或者皮脂腺抑制活性成分。
皮肤外用剂的剂型为任何适用的剂型,根据使用情况而定,例如气溶胶、溶胶液体、分散体、固体。产品类型包括但不限于洁面霜或洁面泡沫、化妆水(如柔肤水、爽肤水)、精华液、精油、乳液、乳霜、防晒剂、卸妆乳/水、凝胶或啫喱、乳胶、面膜、护手霜、洗发水、护发素、摩丝、喷雾剂、气雾剂等。
所述的皮肤外用剂还含有类型及含量可接受的表面活性剂、增稠剂、助溶剂、分散剂、香料、乳化剂、防腐剂、调色剂、促渗剂、控释剂、缓释剂、保湿剂、乳化剂、塑形剂或者珠光剂中的一种或者多种。
本发明的有益效果在于,获得了一种来源于西藏、具有良好护肤效果的酿酒酵母CGMCC No.20067,其发酵产物具有多重护肤功效和生物活性,可用于制备皮肤外用剂。该酿酒酵母的发酵产物通过促进人真皮成纤维细胞和人表皮角质形成细胞的增殖活性,实现抗衰老、改善人体真表皮组织的结构、修复皮肤、改善皮肤屏障或改善敏感性皮肤等功能;还可以通过促进真皮成纤维细胞线粒体ATP生成,增加细胞内能量和活性;通过提高层粘连蛋白332的活性,以实现增强基底膜稳定性,改善皮肤真表皮的粘附状态,维持表皮内稳态;并通过抑制UV照射所引起的氧自由基产生,可用于抗氧化和延缓皮肤衰老。
且本发明的酿酒酵母发酵产物是一种天然活性物,无刺激,具有良好的多重护肤效果,具有良好的应用和市场前景。
附图说明
图1为实施例3中,酵母发酵产物对人真皮成纤维细胞增殖的作用,图1A为人真皮成纤维细胞相对存活率,图1B为DNA相对含量。
图2为实施例4中,不同浓度酵母发酵产物促进人表皮角质细胞增殖的作用(细胞相对存活率)。
图3为酵母发酵产物对人真皮成纤维细胞ATP的促进作用。
图4为酵母发酵产物促进角质形成细胞生成层粘连蛋白332。
图5为用酵母发酵产物在3D重组人表皮模型上的功效,图5A为未处理组的表皮模型显微图片,图5B为2%发酵上清液处理组的表皮模型显微图片。
具体实施方式
以下结合具体的实施例来对本发明的技术方案加以说明。
实施例1获取菌株
西藏地处青藏高原西南部,地质复杂、气候寒冷、空气稀薄,在这种独特极端的环境中筛选微生物并得到特色的发酵液,取上清液或滤液可用于皮肤的修复、防护和抗衰老。本发明的微生物是一种酿酒酵母,从中国西藏的喜马拉雅地区采集,分离自土壤样品。
菌株采集和分离的步骤为:
(i)从西藏喜马拉雅地区采集土壤样品保存于无菌袋中。
(ii)取土壤样品1g,加入9mL无菌生理盐水,于恒温震荡培养箱震荡30分钟后梯度稀释至10倍、100倍和1000倍。
(iii)将各个梯度浓度的稀释液涂布到含抗生素(青霉素)的YPD固体培养基上,每次取200μL稀释液涂布,25℃条件下进行恒温培养。
(iv)对菌落进行镜检,用接种器材挑取较为理想的菌落进行单克隆培养。
所获得的单克隆菌株挑入YPD液体培养基中进行扩增培养。将纯化后的酵母菌送到测序公司进行测序。保留的菌种-20~-80℃冰箱内保存。
测序结果表明,所得到的酵母菌是一种新的酿酒酵母菌种,其26S rDNA序列比对差异区结果为CCGTTT AAAAAA CCG GGA AACA,共22个碱基,17个与模式菌株不一样。
菌种保藏于中国微生物菌种保藏管理委员会普通微生物中心(地址:北京市朝阳区北辰西路1号院3号,邮编100101,保藏号CGMCC No.20067,保藏日期:2020年6月11日。
保藏方法:-80℃冷冻保藏。
实施例2酵母发酵液制备
将实施例1所获得的保藏号为CGMCC No.20067的酿酒酵母活化后接种于YPD培养基,28℃培养48小时,得到种子液。
种子菌液接种至YPD培养基,接种量为25μL/50mL(种子菌液OD600约2.5~3)。30℃、150rpm条件下,摇床培养48小时,OD600值约0.8。
培养液离心取上清液。离心条件:8000rpm,5min。其中干物质含量约2~4g/L。
实施例3酵母发酵产物促进人体真皮细胞和角质细胞增殖作用
取实施例2所获得的酵母发酵上清液进行护肤功效评价。
(一)酵母发酵上清液对人真皮成纤维细胞的增殖作用
将人真皮成纤维细胞以5000个细胞/孔的水平接入96孔细胞培养板中,37℃、5%CO2培养72小时后移除上清。改用不含血清的DMEM基础培养基进行培养,对细胞进行饥饿处理。
细胞饥饿处理16h后加样处理,样品组共4组,分别用含有0.5%、1%、2t%和5%发酵上清液(体积比)的DMEM基础培养基培养,以DMEM基础培养基为对照组。
37℃、5%CO2继续培养48h,然后用Picogreen试剂盒测定细胞的DNA含量和MTT实验。
计算方法:
细胞存活率=发酵上清液组吸光度值/空白对照组吸光度值×100%。
DNA相对含量=发酵上清液组DNA含量/空白对照组DNA含量×100%。
结果如图1A、B和表1所示。数据图表中“*”代表P<0.05,“#”代表P<0.01。
(二)酵母发酵产物对人表皮角质形成细胞的增殖作用
将人表皮角质形成细胞以8000个细胞/孔的水平接入96孔细胞培养板中,培养72小时后移除上清,为每个培养孔更换不含血清的K-SFM基础培养基,对细胞进行饥饿处理。细胞饥饿16h后做加样处理,样品组共4组,分别用含有0.5%、1%、2%、5%发酵上清液的F-SFM基础培养基培养,对照组为K-SFM基础培养基。细胞继续在37℃、5%CO2的条件下培养48h,然后用Picogreen试剂盒测定细胞的DNA含量和MTT实验。
细胞存活率=发酵上清液组吸光度值/空白对照组吸光度值×100%。
结果如图2和表1所示。其中,数据图表中“*”代表P<0.05。结果显示,相对于对照组,用发酵上清液处理后,能够明显促进角质形成细胞的增殖能力。
表1
实施例4酵母发酵上清液对人真皮成纤维细胞ATP的促进作用
以5000个细胞/孔的水平,将人真皮成纤维细胞接入96孔细胞培养板中,培养72小时后弃上清,更换为不含血清的DMEM基础培养基,对细胞进行饥饿处理。
细胞饥饿16h后做加样处理,分别用含有1%、2%体积比发酵上清液的DMEM基础培养基培养,对照组为DMEM基础培养基。培养48h后使用试剂测量细胞ATP含量。取出100μL培养基,设置标准品孔,加入100μL工作液,室温避光反应10min,酶标仪读板(Luminescence),计算细胞内相对ATP含量。计算方法如下:
相对ATP含量=发酵上清液组ATP含量/空白对照组ATP含量×100%
结果如图3和表1所示。数据图表中“#”代表P<0.01,“*”代表P<0.05。。结果显示,相较于未处理组NT,本发明的酵母发酵上清液可以较明显提高细胞线粒体ATP含量,增加细胞内能量,增强细胞活力,并且能够促进人真皮细胞增殖,有助于延缓皮肤衰老。
表2人真皮成纤维细胞线粒体相对ATP含量
实施例5酵母发酵产物对人表皮角质形成细胞层粘连蛋白-332的促进作用
将人表皮角质形成细胞以12500个细胞/孔的水平接入2*96孔细胞培养板中(12500个细胞/孔),37℃、5%CO2培养24小时后分别加入1%、2%体积比的发酵上清液进行处理,对照组NT不加发酵上清液。
加入发酵上清液后继续培养24小时,其中1板用于MTT实验测试细胞活性,另一板做层粘连蛋白-5(层粘连蛋白332)ELASA实验。
层粘连蛋白332ELASA实验的方法为:
1)吸除培养基,PBS洗2遍,2%多聚甲醛固定10min;0.5%Triton/PBS渗透5min;1%BSA/PBS孵育1小时;
2)加入Ⅰ抗,反应90min,设置空白对照组,即不加Ⅰ抗组;
3)加入Ⅱ抗,反应120min,PBS洗2遍;
4)0.5%TritonX-100/20mM NH4OH溶解90min,485/535检测。
层粘连蛋白332相对含量=处理组荧光强度/对照组荧光强度×100%
层粘连蛋白332相对含量校正值=层粘连蛋白332相对含量/细胞活性×100%。
结果如图4和表2所示,数据图表中“*”代表P<0.05。本发明所述的酵母发酵上清液与对照组相比,能够显著提高角质形成细胞内层粘连蛋白的含量,提高基底膜稳定性,改善皮肤真表皮的粘附状态。
表2人角质形成细胞存活率、相对Laminin 332含量
NT | 1% | 2% | |
相对Laminin 332含量 | 100% | 193.43% | 176.83%* |
实施例6酵母发酵上清液在3D重组人表皮模型上的功效测试
利用年龄52岁的供体腹部新鲜皮肤样本,在无菌环境下进行表皮角质细胞原代分离。用碘伏和75%酒精消毒皮肤各1次,PBS清洗,用剪刀剪除皮下脂肪组织及血管,将皮肤切成小块后用Dispase II(Roche公司)在4℃下消化15个小时,将真皮层和表皮层分离。表皮层用0.05%胰酶(Invitrogen)消化13分钟后1000rpm离心10分钟,弃去上清液,用K-FSM培养液(Invitrogen)重悬细胞后接种至175cm2方瓶中,置于细胞培养箱中37℃、5%CO2、饱和湿度下进行培养。待细胞层生长至70%-80%汇合时收获细胞,接种到匹配12孔细胞培养板的悬挂式细胞培养小室(Millipore)中构建3D人重组表皮模型。
3D人重组表皮模型接种24小时后进行第一次换液,对照组仍使用表皮模型培养液,处理组采用添加了2%体积比发酵上清液的表皮模型培养液。之后按照这种分组培养方案进行每日换液,直到3D人重组表皮模型培养结束。3D人重组表皮模型培养完成后,用中性福尔马林固定24小时,然后进行脱水和石蜡包埋,制作成石蜡切片后用常规HE染色法进行染色,在显微镜下拍摄3D重组人表皮模型显微结构。结果如图5所示。
结果显示,2%发酵上清液处理组的表皮模型结构更加规则,与对照组相比具有更加完善的基底层和角质层,显示其具有较好的改善皮肤屏障的功能。
实施例7
以下示例性说明含有上述发酵产物的化妆品类型及制备。
以实施例2的发酵上清液为例,在化妆品中的比例为总重量的0.0001%到10%。
(一)化妆水
化妆水由以下重量份成分组成:
甘油5份、多元醇A5份、甜菜碱1份、黄原胶0.15份、泛醇0.5份、甘草酸二钾0.08份、聚乙二醇-32 0.5份、表面活性剂A0.2份、防腐剂A0.45份、香料0.03份、实施例2发酵上清液2份,并用去离子水补足至100份。
其中,黄原胶是一种经黄单胞杆菌发酵产生的胞外微生物多糖。多元醇类A为丁二醇、1,2-戊二醇和双丙甘醇中的一种或多种;所述表面活性剂A为聚山梨醇酯-20和PEG-40氢化蓖麻油中的一种或多种;所述防腐剂A为羟苯甲酯和/或苯氧乙醇。
(二)精华液
精华液由以下重量份成分组成:
甘油5份、多元醇B3.6份、泛醇1份、甘草酸二钾0.1份、尿囊素0.1份、表面活性剂B2.8份、防腐剂B 0.30份、黄原胶0.35份、丙烯酸树脂Pemulen TR-2 0.3份、香料0.06份、实施例2发酵上清液4.5份,用去离子水补足至100份。
所述的多元醇类B为丁二醇和/或1,3-丙二醇;所述表面活性剂B为聚甘油-2油酸酯和/或聚甘油-10油酸酯;所述防腐剂B为羟苯丙酯、羟苯甲酯和苯氧乙醇中的一种或多种。所述丙烯酸树脂Pemulen TR-2为一种丙烯酸(酯)类/C10-30烷醇丙烯酸酯交联聚合物。
(三)乳液
乳液由以下重量份成分组成:
甘油5份、泛醇1份、1,3-丙二醇4.5份、生育酚乙酸酯0.5份、聚二甲基硅氧烷2份、乳化剂A1652份、油类3份、异硬脂酸异丙酯3份、鲸蜡硬脂醇0.5份、防腐剂C 0.3份、EDTA二钠0.1份、黄原胶0.5份、实施例2发酵上清液6份,三乙醇胺调节pH=5.5~7,并用去离子水补足至100份。
防腐剂C为羟苯甲酯和/或羟苯丙酯。油类为矿油和异十六烷中的至少一种,乳化剂A165为市售商品,其含有甘油硬脂酸酯和PEG-100硬脂酸酯。
(四)乳霜
乳霜由以下重量份成分组成:
甘油5份、1,3-丙二醇5份、泛醇1份、生育酚乙酸酯0.5份、聚二甲基硅氧烷2份、乳化剂A165 2份、油类D 7份、异硬脂酸异丙酯3份、鲸蜡硬脂醇3份、防腐剂D 0.3份、丙烯酸羟乙酯/丙烯酰二甲基牛磺酸钠共聚物2份、EDTA二钠0.1份、实施例2发酵上清液6.5份,并用三乙醇胺调节pH为5.5~7,去离子水补足至100份。
油类D为矿油和异十六烷中的至少一种;所述防腐剂D为羟苯甲酯和/或羟苯丙酯。
按照本领域常规方法,按配比制备上述化妆水、精华液、乳液、乳霜。经过测试,没有刺激性。
空白对照配方用去离子水补足发酵上清液的用量。与空白对照配方相比,含有酵母发酵上清液的护肤品可以加快受损的皮肤修复、抗氧化和改善皮肤衰老,尤其是因紫外线照射导致的皮肤老化。
以上所述实施例仅表达了本发明的几种实施方式,并不用于限制本发明的保护范围,熟悉本领域的技术人员在不脱离本发明创造精神的前提下还可作出种种等同的变形或替换,这些都属于本发明的保护范围,应以权利要求为准。
Claims (3)
1.一种来源于西藏的酿酒酵母,其特征在于,保藏号为CGMCC No.20067。
2.权利要求1所述酿酒酵母的发酵方法,其特征在于,将权利要求1所述保藏号为CGMCCNo.20067的酿酒酵母接种于酵母培养基中发酵。
3.权利要求2所述酿酒酵母的发酵方法,其特征在于,所述的酵母培养基为YPD培养基、PDA培养基或GMMY培养基。
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