CN114403137A - 一种胶囊型水面油展膜剂及其应用 - Google Patents

一种胶囊型水面油展膜剂及其应用 Download PDF

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CN114403137A
CN114403137A CN202111533178.9A CN202111533178A CN114403137A CN 114403137 A CN114403137 A CN 114403137A CN 202111533178 A CN202111533178 A CN 202111533178A CN 114403137 A CN114403137 A CN 114403137A
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祝春华
朱永杰
陈�峰
何孟夏
祝博伟
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Chitianhua Technology Group Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种胶囊型水面油展膜剂，由胶囊外壳和胶囊填充液组成，胶囊填充液填充至胶囊外壳内，胶囊填充液未填充的部分为气体，胶囊填充液由以下组分组成：农药有效成份1％‑10％，成膜助剂5％‑18％，展膜助剂3％‑15％，溶剂填充至100％；所述胶囊外壳为软胶囊壳，遇水溶解；胶囊型水面油展膜剂直接撒施于稻田水面后不会下沉到水底，而是浮在水面上胶囊外壳遇水溶解，农药有效成份被释放出来，自动向周围扩散在水面展开形成油膜，油膜遇到稻茎后会自动沿稻茎攀爬吸附到稻茎基部，从而防治在稻茎基部为害的病虫害和稻田杂草。该剂型是一种新型农药剂型，使用简便、易推广、省工省时、适应性宽、药剂利用率高、环境友好，避免了二次污染。

Description

一种胶囊型水面油展膜剂及其应用
技术领域
本发明涉及农药技术领域，特别是涉及一种胶囊型水面油展膜剂及其应用。
背景技术
使用农药控制病虫草害的发生与危害是水稻生产过程中保证高产稳产的重要手段，目前使用的农药品种与剂型很多，但其在田间的施用主要是采用兑水喷雾的方式，这种施药方式受到生产规模、喷雾技术以及喷雾器械等多方面的限制，作业效率不高，费时费力，而且农药喷雾易产生飘逸污染。尤其是在我国目前人口老龄化，农村劳动力人口下降的背景下，农药使用成了制约我国水稻生产的技术瓶颈。人们迫切希望稻田农药的应用技术向高效、经济、简便化方向发展。
为简化稻田农药的使用技术，减轻稻田使用农药的劳动强度，人们开发出了水面展膜油剂。使用时只需将水面展膜油剂倾倒入水中或者将药剂瓶置于稻田上方，让药液自行从滴出孔滴下，或将药剂直接撒到水面，药液就能够在水面上自动铺展开来，进而覆盖整个水稻田，达到防治病虫害的目的。该剂型与适于喷雾使用的剂型如乳油、可湿性可粉剂、悬浮剂等相比，使用简便、省力、省工，减轻了用药的劳动强度。
水面展膜油剂也存在一定的问题，如将药剂直接撒入水中时，药剂在稻田水面的分布可能不均匀，无法完全覆盖整个稻田水面，造成局部药剂较多，而局部无药分布。将药剂从包装瓶中滴出时，油滴可能会粘在稻叶上，存在对水稻产生药害的安全性问题。有时采用将水面展膜油剂的包装瓶打开后直接抛入稻田的使用方式，让药液从瓶中流出后分散到稻田，在水面展开成油膜，该用药方式也存在包装瓶中药剂释放不完全的问题。针对水面展膜油剂存在的这些问题，专利CN104920354B公开了一种固体水面展膜剂，通过将固体或液体农药有效成份与成膜助剂溶于溶剂中，加入展膜助剂后混匀，用固态吸油载体将溶有农药有效成份与成膜剂的溶剂吸附固化，再加入崩解剂、粘结剂以及填料混匀造粒或压片成型。虽然解决了上述问题，但在解决方案中使用了吸油载体空心玻璃微珠，粒径微小，不易打捞，长期使用会造成大量堆积，造成二次污染。
发明内容
针对上述情况，本发明之目的在于提供一种胶囊型水面油展膜剂，将水面油展膜剂制备成胶囊剂型，用于水稻稻茎基部病虫害防治与稻田杂草防除，避免了空心玻璃微珠的使用，同时能够浮于水面不下沉，没有二次污染。
其解决的技术方案是：
一种胶囊型水面油展膜剂，包括胶囊外壳和胶囊填充液，胶囊填充液不完全填充至胶囊外壳内，胶囊填充液未填充的部分为气体，所述胶囊填充液由以下组分按照重量百分比组成：农药有效成份1％-10％，成膜助剂5％-18％，展膜助剂3％-15％，溶剂填充至100％；胶囊型水面油展膜剂直接撒施于稻田水面后不会下沉到水底，而是漂浮在水面上展开形成油膜；所述胶囊外壳为软胶囊壳，遇水溶解。
进一步的，所述成膜助剂选自醇酯十二、丙二醇丁醚醋酸酯、乙二醇丁醚醋酸酯、苯氧基丙醇、硬脂醇、棕榈醇、肉豆蔻醇、月桂醇、苯甲醇中的一种或几种。
进一步的，所述展膜助剂是能促进溶剂与成膜剂在水面自动展开形成油膜的表面活性剂，具体由烷基芳基聚氧丙烯聚氧乙烯酯、烷基酚环氧乙烷加成物、脂肪醇环氧乙烷加成物、蓖麻油环氧乙烷加成物、苯乙烯基酚环氧乙烷加成物、脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚磷酸酯、脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚甲醛聚合物、烷基苯磺酸钙、木质素磺酸钠的一种或几种组成。
进一步的，所述农药有效成份选自杀虫剂、杀菌剂与除草剂中的一种或几种。
进一步的，所述农药有效成份杀虫剂选自印楝素、呋虫胺、毒死蜱中的一种或其两种组合。
进一步的，所述农药有效成份杀菌剂选自噻呋酰胺、戊唑醇、嘧菌酯、井冈霉素、氟硅唑中的一种或两种组合。
进一步的，所述农药有效成份除草剂选自苄嘧磺隆、氰氟草酯中的一种或两种组合。
进一步的，所述溶剂是月桂酸乙酯、油酸甲酯、油酸丁酯、肉豆蔻酸甲酯、肉豆蔻酸乙酯、硬脂酸甲酯、硬脂酸乙酯、松脂基植物油、大豆油、环己酮中的一种或几种。
进一步的，所述胶囊外壳内不完全填充胶囊填充液，其余为气体，所述气体为氩气、氮气、空气中的一种，气体填充量足以施于稻田水面后附在水面。
进一步的，所述的水面油展膜剂用于水稻稻茎基部病虫害防治与稻田杂草防除。
进一步的，胶囊外壳由明胶、甘油、水、PEG400、柠檬酸、山梨醇组成，重量比为：明胶:甘油:水:PEG400:柠檬酸:山梨醇＝1-1.2:0.5-0.8:1-1.2:0.06-0.08:0.06-0.08:0.25-0.3。
进一步的，胶囊型水面油展膜剂制备方法为：(1)按比例取甘油、水、PEG400、柠檬酸、山梨醇，加入溶胶罐，搅拌均匀使溶解，加热，加入明胶搅拌混合，超声脱气，保温，备用；(2)按比例将农药原药完全溶解于溶剂中，再加入成膜剂与展膜助剂，在加热的条件下使溶剂、成膜助剂、展膜助剂完全互溶混匀，冷却，备用；(3)将胶囊填充液置于软胶囊机中，采用膜压制法制备，调整风量、胶盒温度、喷体温度、转速，胶囊填充液填充比例为50-70％，制备胶囊型水面油展膜剂。
本发明所述的水面油展膜剂主要适用于防治在水稻基部为害的稻飞虱、螟虫、纹枯病以及水田杂草。并具有以下突出优点：
1)使用简便、易推广、省工省时：无需借助专门的施药器械，直接抛撒，简单易行；无需进行专业化培训，易于掌握，极大地简化了稻田农药的使用技术；无需兑水配制药液，包装袋打开后就可抛撒，抛撒1亩稻田的水面展膜剂只需几分钟，简单快速。
2)环境友好、适应性宽、药剂利用率高：水面油展膜剂为胶囊剂，由于颗粒抛撒后直接落入稻田水面中，不存在雾滴漂移、粉尘污染所致环境污染问题；采用对环境友好的生物源溶剂，没有污染环境的安全风险，不会与水稻上的有益天敌接触，具良好的对生态系统安全性，同时制成胶囊剂型，无需空心玻璃微珠的使用，不会造成二次污染；由于加工成胶囊剂，不直接与人接触，对人畜的安全，并且在加工该剂型时也无粉尘污染；本发明的胶囊型水面油展膜剂的使用则不受气候的限制，无论刮风或下雨都可施药，只需稻田有适当的水层，并保证不会因下雨造成水溢出稻田就可；本发明的胶囊型水面油展膜剂主要针对水稻茎基部的病虫害以及杂草，药剂施于水中后会自动展开成油膜，并吸附在稻茎基部，药剂的分布具有针对性，有效成份直接作用于病虫草的分布部位，减少了药剂在非靶标部位的分布与吸附，提高了有效成份的利用率与田间的实际防治效果。
具体实施方式
为了更好地理解本发明，下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步说明。但本发明要求保护的范围并不局限于实施例表示的范围。
下述实施例中所述实验方法，如无特殊说明，均为常规方法；所述试剂和材料，如无特殊说明，均可从商业途径获得；下述实施例中的“％”代表“重量百分含量”。
实施例1
1％印楝素胶囊型水面油展膜剂：
配方：胶囊填充液由由以下物质按比例组成：印楝素1％、醇酯十二5％、烷基芳基聚氧丙烯聚氧乙烯酯3％、松脂基植物油补足至100％组成；胶囊外壳由以下物质按比例组成：明胶:甘油:水:PEG400:柠檬酸:山梨醇＝1:0.5:1:0.06:0.06:0.25；胶囊填充液50％，气体为空气。
实施例2
2％呋虫胺胶囊型水面油展膜剂：
配方：胶囊填充液由由以下物质按比例组成：呋虫胺2％、丙二醇丁醚醋酸酯6％、烷基酚环氧乙烷加成物5％、油酸甲酯补足至100％组成；胶囊外壳由以下物质按比例组成：明胶:甘油:水:PEG400:柠檬酸:山梨醇＝1:0.5:1:0.06:0.06:0.25；胶囊填充液55％，气体为空气。
实施例3
5％毒死蜱胶囊型水面油展膜剂：
配方：胶囊填充液由由以下物质按比例组成：毒死蜱5％、乙二醇丁醚醋酸酯7％、脂肪醇环氧乙烷加成物5％、油酸丁酯补足至100％组成；胶囊外壳由以下物质按比例组成：明胶:甘油:水:PEG400:柠檬酸:山梨醇＝1:0.5:1:0.06:0.06:0.25；胶囊填充液55％，气体为空气。
实施例4
4％噻呋酰胺胶囊型水面油展膜剂：
配方：胶囊填充液由由以下物质按比例组成：噻呋酰胺4％、苯氧基丙醇8％、蓖麻油环氧乙烷加成物6％、肉豆蔻酸乙酯补足至100％组成；胶囊外壳由以下物质按比例组成：明胶:甘油:水:PEG400:柠檬酸:山梨醇＝1.1:0.6:1.1:0.07:0.07:0.27；胶囊填充液60％，气体为氮气。
实施例5
5％戊唑醇胶囊型水面油展膜剂：
配方：胶囊填充液由由以下物质按比例组成：戊唑醇5％、硬脂醇10％、苯乙烯基酚环氧乙烷加成物8％、硬脂酸甲酯补足至100％组成；胶囊外壳由以下物质按比例组成：明胶:甘油:水:PEG400:柠檬酸:山梨醇＝1.1:0.6:1.1:0.07:0.07:0.27；胶囊填充液60％，气体为氮气。
实施例6
5％噻呋酰胺·嘧菌酯胶囊型水面油展膜剂：
配方：胶囊填充液由由以下物质按比例组成：嘧菌酯2％、噻呋酰胺3％、棕榈醇10％、脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚磷酸酯9％、硬脂酸乙酯补足至100％组成；胶囊外壳由以下物质按比例组成：明胶:甘油:水:PEG400:柠檬酸:山梨醇＝1.1:0.6:1.1:0.07:0.07:0.27；胶囊填充液65％，气体为氩气。
实施例7
10％井冈霉素胶囊型水面油展膜剂：
配方：胶囊填充液由由以下物质按比例组成：井冈霉素10％、肉豆蔻醇12％、脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚甲醛聚合物10％、月桂酸乙酯补足至100％组成；胶囊外壳由以下物质按比例组成：明胶:甘油:水:PEG400:柠檬酸:山梨醇＝1.1:0.6:1.1:0.07:0.07:0.27；胶囊填充液65％，气体为氩气。
实施例8
4％氟硅唑胶囊型水面油展膜剂：
配方：胶囊填充液由由以下物质按比例组成：氟硅唑4％、月桂醇14％、烷基苯磺酸钙11％、大豆油补足至100％组成；胶囊外壳由以下物质按比例组成：明胶:甘油:水:PEG400:柠檬酸:山梨醇＝1.2:0.8:1.2:0.08:0.08:0.3；胶囊填充液65％，气体为氩气。
实施例9
3％苄嘧磺隆胶囊型水面油展膜剂：
配方：胶囊填充液由由以下物质按比例组成：苄嘧磺隆3％、苯甲醇16％、木质素磺酸钠13％、环己酮补足至100％组成；胶囊外壳由以下物质按比例组成：明胶:甘油:水:PEG400:柠檬酸:山梨醇＝1.2:0.8:1.2:0.08:0.08:0.3；胶囊填充液70％，气体为氩气。
实施例10
4％氰氟草酯型水面油展膜剂：
配方：胶囊填充液由由以下物质按比例组成：氰氟草酯4％、苯甲醇18％、木质素磺酸钠15％、环己酮补足至100％组成；胶囊外壳由以下物质按比例组成：明胶:甘油:水:PEG400:柠檬酸:山梨醇＝1.2:0.8:1.2:0.08:0.08:0.3；胶囊填充液65％，气体为氩气本发明具体使用时，
实施例11
胶囊型水面油展膜剂制备方法为：(1)取甘油、水、PEG400、柠檬酸、山梨醇，加入溶胶罐，搅拌均匀使溶解，加热，加入明胶搅拌混合，超声脱气，保温，备用；(2)将农药原药完全溶解于溶剂中，再加入成膜剂与展膜助剂，在加热的条件下使溶剂、成膜助剂、展膜助剂完全互溶混匀，冷却，备用；(3)将胶囊填充液置于软胶囊机中，采用膜压制法制备，调整风量、胶盒温度、喷体温度、转速，制备得胶囊型水面油展膜剂，制得的胶囊型水面展膜平均直径为12mm，平均粒重0.2克，形态为圆形的颗粒制剂。
以上所述是结合具体实施方式对本发明所作的进一步详细说明，不能认定本发明具体实施仅局限于此；对于本发明所属及相关技术领域的技术人员来说，在基于本发明技术方案思路前提下，所作的拓展以及操作方法、数据的替换，都应当落在本发明保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

1.一种胶囊型水面油展膜剂，其特征在于，包括胶囊外壳和胶囊填充液，胶囊填充液不完全填充至胶囊外壳内，胶囊填充液未填充的部分为气体，所述胶囊填充液由以下组分按照重量百分比组成：农药有效成份1％-10％，成膜助剂5％-18％，展膜助剂3％-15％，溶剂填充至100％；胶囊型水面油展膜剂直接撒施于稻田水面后不会下沉到水底，而是漂浮在水面上展开形成油膜；所述胶囊外壳为软胶囊壳，遇水溶解。
2.根据权利要求1所述的水面油展膜剂，其特征在于，所述成膜助剂选自醇酯十二、丙二醇丁醚醋酸酯、乙二醇丁醚醋酸酯、苯氧基丙醇、硬脂醇、棕榈醇、肉豆蔻醇、月桂醇、苯甲醇中的一种或几种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的水面油展膜剂，其特征在于，所述展膜助剂是能促进溶剂与成膜剂在水面自动展开形成油膜的表面活性剂，具体由烷基芳基聚氧丙烯聚氧乙烯酯、烷基酚环氧乙烷加成物、脂肪醇环氧乙烷加成物、蓖麻油环氧乙烷加成物、苯乙烯基酚环氧乙烷加成物、脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚磷酸酯、脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚甲醛聚合物、烷基苯磺酸钙、木质素磺酸钠的一种或几种组成。
4.根据权利要求1所述的水面油展膜剂，其特征在于，所述农药有效成份选自杀虫剂、杀菌剂与除草剂中的一种或几种。
5.根据权利要求4所述的水面油展膜剂，其特征在于，所述农药有效成份杀虫剂选自印楝素、呋虫胺、毒死蜱中的一种或其两种组合。
6.根据权利要求4所述的水面油展膜剂，其特征在于，所述农药有效成份杀菌剂选自噻呋酰胺、戊唑醇、嘧菌酯、井冈霉素、氟硅唑中的一种或两种组合。
7.根据权利要求4所述的水面油展膜剂，其特征在于，所述农药有效成份除草剂选自苄嘧磺隆、氰氟草酯中的一种或两种组合。
8.根据权利要求1所述的水面油展膜剂，其特征在于，所述溶剂是月桂酸乙酯、油酸甲酯、油酸丁酯、肉豆蔻酸甲酯、肉豆蔻酸乙酯、硬脂酸甲酯、硬脂酸乙酯、松脂基植物油、大豆油、环己酮中的一种或几种。
9.根据权利要求1所述的水面油展膜剂，其特征在于，所述胶囊外壳内不完全填充胶囊填充液，其余为气体，所述气体为氩气、氮气、空气中的一种，气体填充量足以施于稻田水面后附在水面。
10.权利要求1-9任一所述的水面油展膜剂用于水稻稻茎基部病虫害防治与稻田杂草防除。
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