CN114400318A - 一种高镍钠离子正极材料及其制备方法和电池 - Google Patents
一种高镍钠离子正极材料及其制备方法和电池 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN114400318A CN114400318A CN202111540231.8A CN202111540231A CN114400318A CN 114400318 A CN114400318 A CN 114400318A CN 202111540231 A CN202111540231 A CN 202111540231A CN 114400318 A CN114400318 A CN 114400318A
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- China
- Prior art keywords
- nickel
- positive electrode
- sodium ion
- electrode material
- sodium
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- Granted
Links
- 229910001415 sodium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 105
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 79
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- FPBMTPLRBAEUMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel sodium Chemical compound [Na][Ni] FPBMTPLRBAEUMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- KFDQGLPGKXUTMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Mn].[Co].[Ni] Chemical compound [Mn].[Co].[Ni] KFDQGLPGKXUTMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 32
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 19
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000010405 anode material Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000011858 nanopowder Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000010406 cathode material Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- ALTWGIIQPLQAAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N metavanadate Chemical compound [O-][V](=O)=O ALTWGIIQPLQAAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- LSGOVYNHVSXFFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadate(3-) Chemical compound [O-][V]([O-])([O-])=O LSGOVYNHVSXFFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910016384 Al4C3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 34
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 33
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium carbonate Substances [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 25
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 description 24
- VNTQORJESGFLAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-H cobalt(2+) manganese(2+) nickel(2+) trisulfate Chemical compound [Mn++].[Co++].[Ni++].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O VNTQORJESGFLAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 22
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 22
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 13
- 238000000498 ball milling Methods 0.000 description 13
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 13
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Al](Cl)Cl VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 12
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 12
- BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium sulfate Chemical compound N.N.OS(O)(=O)=O BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 229910052921 ammonium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 11
- 235000011130 ammonium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 10
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 235000017550 sodium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229940099596 manganese sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 8
- 239000011702 manganese sulphate Substances 0.000 description 8
- 235000007079 manganese sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 8
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- BIGPRXCJEDHCLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium bisulfate Chemical compound [NH4+].OS([O-])(=O)=O BIGPRXCJEDHCLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910000361 cobalt sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 229940044175 cobalt sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 7
- KTVIXTQDYHMGHF-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt(2+) sulfate Chemical compound [Co+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O KTVIXTQDYHMGHF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 7
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 6
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Na2O Inorganic materials [O-2].[Na+].[Na+] KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- VMHLLURERBWHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium acetate Chemical compound [Na+].CC([O-])=O VMHLLURERBWHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000001632 sodium acetate Substances 0.000 description 5
- 235000017281 sodium acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium bicarbonate Chemical compound [NH4+].OC([O-])=O ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- FKNQFGJONOIPTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium cation Chemical group [Na+] FKNQFGJONOIPTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000001099 ammonium carbonate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229920000609 methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000001923 methylcellulose Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000010981 methylcellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 4
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910003206 NH4VO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910019501 NaVO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 235000012501 ammonium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 3
- LGQLOGILCSXPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel sulfate Chemical compound [Ni+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O LGQLOGILCSXPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 229910000363 nickel(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 3
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003917 TEM image Methods 0.000 description 2
- UNTBPXHCXVWYOI-UHFFFAOYSA-O azanium;oxido(dioxo)vanadium Chemical compound [NH4+].[O-][V](=O)=O UNTBPXHCXVWYOI-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 2
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACSA-N heavy water Substances [2H]O[2H] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 2
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 2
- CMZUMMUJMWNLFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium metavanadate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-][V](=O)=O CMZUMMUJMWNLFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000007847 structural defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 2
- LNAZSHAWQACDHT-XIYTZBAFSA-N (2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-4,5-dimethoxy-2-(methoxymethyl)-3-[(2s,3r,4s,5r,6r)-3,4,5-trimethoxy-6-(methoxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-6-[(2r,3r,4s,5r,6r)-4,5,6-trimethoxy-2-(methoxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxyoxane Chemical compound CO[C@@H]1[C@@H](OC)[C@H](OC)[C@@H](COC)O[C@H]1O[C@H]1[C@H](OC)[C@@H](OC)[C@H](O[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@@H](OC)[C@H](OC)O[C@@H]2COC)OC)O[C@@H]1COC LNAZSHAWQACDHT-XIYTZBAFSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BNGXYYYYKUGPPF-UHFFFAOYSA-M (3-methylphenyl)methyl-triphenylphosphanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CC1=CC=CC(C[P+](C=2C=CC=CC=2)(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 BNGXYYYYKUGPPF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- IRPGOXJVTQTAAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropanal Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C=O IRPGOXJVTQTAAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WKCZSFRAGKIIKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(4-tert-butylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC=C(CCN)C=C1 WKCZSFRAGKIIKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KLZUFWVZNOTSEM-UHFFFAOYSA-K Aluminum fluoride Inorganic materials F[Al](F)F KLZUFWVZNOTSEM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229910000013 Ammonium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OUCRQOBPWCVLST-UHFFFAOYSA-H Cl(=O)(=O)[O-].[Mn+2].[Co+2].[Ni+2].Cl(=O)(=O)[O-].Cl(=O)(=O)[O-].Cl(=O)(=O)[O-].Cl(=O)(=O)[O-].Cl(=O)(=O)[O-] Chemical compound Cl(=O)(=O)[O-].[Mn+2].[Co+2].[Ni+2].Cl(=O)(=O)[O-].Cl(=O)(=O)[O-].Cl(=O)(=O)[O-].Cl(=O)(=O)[O-].Cl(=O)(=O)[O-] OUCRQOBPWCVLST-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-DEQYMQKBSA-M Sodium bicarbonate-14C Chemical compound [Na+].O[14C]([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-DEQYMQKBSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000006230 acetylene black Substances 0.000 description 1
- HDYRYUINDGQKMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M acetyloxyaluminum;dihydrate Chemical compound O.O.CC(=O)O[Al] HDYRYUINDGQKMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 1
- WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Al+3] WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- DIZPMCHEQGEION-UHFFFAOYSA-H aluminium sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Al+3].[Al+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O DIZPMCHEQGEION-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 229940009827 aluminum acetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000012538 ammonium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- MZZUATUOLXMCEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt manganese Chemical compound [Mn].[Co] MZZUATUOLXMCEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VVPNOTYZCXWJCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt(2+) manganese(2+) nickel(2+) hexanitrate Chemical compound [Mn++].[Co++].[Ni++].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O VVPNOTYZCXWJCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 high nickel Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012456 homogeneous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L lithium carbonate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-]C([O-])=O XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052808 lithium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- MIVBAHRSNUNMPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese(2+);dinitrate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O MIVBAHRSNUNMPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- KBJMLQFLOWQJNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel(ii) nitrate Chemical compound [Ni+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O KBJMLQFLOWQJNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002161 passivation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011181 potassium carbonates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000012716 precipitator Substances 0.000 description 1
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001878 scanning electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 1
- ZNCPFRVNHGOPAG-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium oxalate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O ZNCPFRVNHGOPAG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229940039790 sodium oxalate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000001488 sodium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000162 sodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000166 zirconium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/362—Composites
- H01M4/364—Composites as mixtures
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G53/00—Compounds of nickel
- C01G53/40—Nickelates
- C01G53/42—Nickelates containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2
- C01G53/44—Nickelates containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2 containing manganese
- C01G53/50—Nickelates containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2 containing manganese of the type [MnO2]n-, e.g. Li(NixMn1-x)O2, Li(MyNixMn1-x-y)O2
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/054—Accumulators with insertion or intercalation of metals other than lithium, e.g. with magnesium or aluminium
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/54—Reclaiming serviceable parts of waste accumulators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
- H01M4/0471—Processes of manufacture in general involving thermal treatment, e.g. firing, sintering, backing particulate active material, thermal decomposition, pyrolysis
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种高镍钠离子正极材料及其制备方法和电池,所述高镍钠离子正极材料的化学式为NaNiaCobMncO2·fCNP‑Al/tMVOx,其中a+b+c=1,0.5≤a<1,0<b≤0.25,a/b≥2.5,0<c≤0.3,0<t≤0.1,0<f≤0.1,所述M为钠、铜、锌、锆或铵中至少一种。该高镍钠离子正极材料具有良好的电化学性能,有利于高镍钠离子正极材料在电池中的应用。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于电池正极材料领域,特别涉及一种高镍钠离子正极材料及其制备方法和电池。
背景技术
锂、钠等离子电池因其高能量密度、优异的功率特性和稳定性,备受当前电动汽车、储能用电池市场的欢迎。具体的,具有快速离子扩散率的正极材料、结构变化较小和电压较低的负极材料是实现高功率、高性能的电池性能至关重要的几个方面。尽管,钠具有价格更便宜基本的优点,但是由于钠离子电池的化学成分和正极材料的晶体结构不同于锂离子电池,其高比容量和可逆循环寿命依旧逊色于锂离子电池。而解决上述问题的最有希望的方法之一是开发高镍钠离子电池。
然而,目前可用的高镍钠离子电池存在明显的缺点,比如,高镍、低锰钴等阳离子的混排效应,降低了钠离子扩散的速率,导致放电时其性能不佳;材料烧结降温后,电池中的高镍钠离子正极材料对接触的外界环境产生的反应比较迅速,容易与环境中的H2O、CO2等反应生成Na2CO3和NaOH,以及NaOH脱水形成Na2O,Na2CO3、NaOH、Na2O会在正极表面形成钝化层,进一步阻碍钠离子在材料与电解液界面的扩散,增加材料与电解液的界面之间的阻抗,容易造成电池的电化学性能下降。因此,这极大地限制了钠离子正极材料潜在应用。
发明内容
本发明旨在至少解决现有技术中存在的技术问题之一。为此,本发明提出一种高镍钠离子正极材料及其制备方法和电池,该高镍钠离子正极材料具有良好的电化学性能,有利于高镍钠离子正极材料在电池中的应用。
本发明的上述技术目的是通过以下技术方案得以实现的:
一种高镍钠离子正极材料,所述高镍钠离子正极材料的化学式为NaNiaCobMncO2·fCNP-Al/tMVOx,其中a+b+c=1,0.5≤a<1,0<b≤0.25,a/b≥2.5,0<c≤0.3,0<t≤0.1,0<f≤0.1,所述M为钠、铜、锌、锆或铵中至少一种。
优选的,所述MVOx为钒酸盐、偏钒酸盐及焦钒酸盐中的至少一种。
进一步优选的,所述MVOx为钒酸钠、偏钒酸钠、焦钒酸钠、钒酸铜、偏钒酸铜、焦钒酸铜、钒酸锌、偏钒酸锌、焦钒酸锌、钒酸锆、偏钒酸锆、焦钒酸锆、钒酸铵、偏钒酸铵及焦钒酸铵中的至少一种。
优选的,所述NaNiaCobMncO2·fCNP-Al/tMVOx中的CNP-Al(碳纳米铝)由碳纳米粉、铝源及分散剂混合组成。其中铝源、碳纳米粉质量比为(0.1-30):(40-150)。
优选的,所述CNP-Al由碳纳米粉与分散剂混合,再与铝源混合,然后在保护气氛下900-1300℃处理3-12h制得。
优选的,所述CNP-Al中含Al4C3。
优选的,所述铝源为氢氧化铝、乙酸铝、氯化铝、硫酸铝、硝酸铝及氟化铝中的至少一种。
优选的,所述分散剂为聚乙二醇、甲基纤维素、丙烯酸、硅酸钠、甲醇、乙醇及丙醇中的至少一种。
优选的,所述NaNiaCobMncO2·fCNP-Al/tMVOx的粒径D50为1-10μm。
优选的,所述NaNiaCobMncO2·fCNP-Al/tMVOx的粒径Dmax为30-100μm。
优选的,所述NaNiaCobMncO2·fCNP-Al/tMVOx的硬度(HB)为100-500。
优选的,所述NaNiaCobMncO2·fCNP-Al/tMVOx的比表面积BET为0.2-3m2/g。
优选的,所述NaNiaCobMncO2·fCNP-Al/tMVOx的振实密度为2.5-4.5m3/g。
一种如上所述高镍钠离子正极材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:将钠源、碳纳米铝与镍钴锰材料混合,干燥脱水、一段煅烧、退火,再混入MVOx、二段煅烧得到。
优选的,在二段煅烧后,还包括对所述高镍钠离子正极材料进行除残钠,形成钠盐包覆的高镍钠离子正极材料的步骤。
优选的,将二段煅烧后的高镍钠离子正极材料置于醇溶液中,加入除钠剂,搅拌、静置、水热干燥后得到钠盐包覆的高镍钠离子正极材料。
优选的,所述除钠剂为0.001-0.2M的硫酸铵或0.001-0.2M的硫酸氢铵。
优选的,所述除钠剂加入量占所述高镍钠离子正极材料的0.001-10w%。
进一步优选的,所述除钠剂加入量占所述高镍钠离子正极材料的0.1-2w%。
优选的,所述钠源为氢氧化钠、醋酸钠、草酸钠、磷酸钠及碳酸钠中的至少一种。
优选的,所述镍钴锰材料为废弃三元锂电池回收处理得到。
优选的,所述废弃三元锂电池回收处理的方法为:将废弃三元锂电池回收得到的三元正极材料经过酸浸、除铝、除铜、萃取得到镍钴锰混合物,测定镍钴锰混合物中镍钴锰比,向镍钴锰混合溶液中加补充剂、如前所述的分散剂,充分搅拌,制得均质溶液,恒温,加入沉淀剂、搅拌至完全沉淀、静置,得到镍钴锰材料。
优选的,所述镍钴锰混合物为硫酸镍钴锰混合盐溶液、硝酸镍钴锰混合盐溶液及氯酸镍钴锰混合盐溶液中的至少一种。
优选的,所述补充剂为硫酸镍、硝酸镍、硫酸锰及硝酸锰中的至少一种。
优选的,所述沉淀剂为碳酸、二氧化碳、碳酸钠、碳酸钾、碳酸氢钠、碳酸铵、碳酸氢铵及碳酸锂中的至少一种。
优选的,所述一段煅烧温度为400-900℃,煅烧时间为5-12h,所述二段煅烧温度为600-1000℃,煅烧时间为5-16h。
一种电池,包括如上所述的高镍钠离子正极材料。
本发明的有益效果是:
(1)本发明的高镍钠离子正极材料中由于含有MVOx,从而可以抑制Na+/Ni2+混排,克服现有高镍钠离子正极材料的结构缺陷,从而提高镍-电解液界面的电导率,同时本发明的高镍钠离子正极材料中的CNP-Al由于含有Al4C3,可以增加本发明高镍钠离子正极材料的硬度和强度的同时,还能协同MVOx提高高镍钠离子正极材料的电化学性能,有利于高镍钠离子正极材料在电池中的应用。
(2)本发明的高镍钠离子正极材料在制备过程中通过除钠剂(硫酸铵/硫酸氢铵)的加入,能在高镍钠离子正极材料表面创建一个多功能的包覆层,从而能进一步优化高镍钠离子正极材料的性能。一方面硫酸铵/硫酸氢铵将材料表面上层残留的Na2CO3、NaOH、Na2O碱性物质清除,使得清除的Na2CO3、NaOH、Na2O碱性物质转化为更稳定的钠盐包覆层,另一方面,该钠盐包覆层将更好地直接转化为有助于Na+传导的一个钠盐包覆层,提高材料结构的稳定性,增强界面的Na+转移,提高钠离子在材料与电解液界面的扩散,提高比容量,从而使得高镍钠离子正极材料具有更好的循环稳定性、表面结构的稳定性和良好的电化学性能。
(3)本发明的高镍钠离子正极材料制作过程中用到的镍钴锰材料为废弃三元锂电池回收处理得到,从而能变废为宝,有效减少环境污染。
附图说明
图1为实施例1高镍钠离子正极材料的SEM图;
图2为实施例1高镍钠离子正极材料的TEM图;
图3为对比例1高镍钠离子正极材料的TEM图。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明做进一步的说明。
实施例1:
一种高镍钠离子正极材料,其化学式为NaNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2·0.059CNP-Al/0.03NH4VO3。
上述高镍钠离子正极材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)制备镍钴锰材料:将废弃三元锂电池回收得到的三元正极材料经过酸浸、除铝、除铜、萃取得到硫酸镍钴锰混合盐溶液,测定硫酸镍钴锰混合盐溶液中镍钴锰摩尔比(0.965:0.12:0.11),取500mL置于烧杯中,向硫酸镍钴锰混合盐溶液中加0.011M硫酸镍、0.002M硫酸钴、0.012M硫酸锰,加40ml入甲基纤维素,充分搅拌,45℃恒温,加入碳酸钠、搅拌至完全沉淀、静置3h,得到镍钴锰材料。
(2)制备CNP-Al:将4g碳纳米粉分散于30mL聚乙二醇中,加入75mL0.47M氯化铝溶液混合,送至电炉中,充Ar下,940℃处理6h,得到5.5g含Al4C3的CNP-Al。
(3)合成NaNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2·0.059CNP-Al/0.03NH4VO3:将35g氢氧化钠、46.17g步骤(1)制备得到的镍钴锰材料及步骤(2)制备得到的4.7gCNP-Al混合、球磨,搅拌、干燥脱水、送至电炉中,一段煅烧540℃保温8h、退火,加入2.4gNH4VO3混合、球磨、二段煅烧740℃保温10h,得到高镍钠离子正极材料NaNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2·0.059CNP-Al/0.03NH4VO3。
(4)除钠,钠盐包覆:取20g步骤(3)制备得到的高镍钠离子正极材料置于有55mL聚乙二醇的烧杯中,加入25mL0.019M硫酸氢铵溶液,剧烈搅拌、静置、除去上层液体、清洗,然后将下层固体置于微波加热设备中180℃干燥42min,脱水、脱醇、脱氨,得到钠盐包覆的高镍钠离子正极材料NaNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2·0.059CNP-Al/0.03NH4VO3。
其中形成钠盐包覆原理如反应式①-⑦所示:其中①-②为氢氧化钠加热脱水得到氧化二钠以及与二氧化碳反应得到的碳酸钠,③-④为硫酸铵分解反应,分别得到,⑤-⑦为硫酸铵分解反应得到硫酸氢铵、硫酸与氢氧化钠、氧化二钠、碳酸钠反应式,得到硫酸钠。
①2NaOH→Na2O+H2O
②2NaOH+CO2→Na2CO3+H2O
③(NH4)2SO4→NH4HSO4+NH3
④NH4HSO4→H2SO4+NH3
⑤NH4HSO4+H2SO4+4NaOH→2Na2SO4+NH3+4H2O
⑥NH4HSO4+H2SO4+2Na2CO3→2Na2SO4+NH3+2H2O+2CO2
⑦NH4HSO4+H2SO4+2Na2O→2Na2SO4+NH3+2H2O
实施例2:
一种高镍钠离子正极材料,其化学式为NaNi0.74Co0.16Mn0.1O2·0.045CNP-Al/0.02NH4VO3。
上述高镍钠离子正极材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)制备镍钴锰材料:将废弃三元锂电池回收得到的三元正极材料经过酸浸、除铝、除铜、萃取得到硫酸镍钴锰混合盐溶液,测定硫酸镍钴锰混合盐溶液中镍钴锰摩尔比(0.965:0.12:0.11),取500mL置于烧杯中,向硫酸镍钴锰混合盐溶液中加0.09M硫酸钴、0.02M硫酸锰,加40ml入甲基纤维素,充分搅拌,,45℃恒温,加入碳酸钠、搅拌至完全沉淀、静置3h,得到镍钴锰材料。
(2)制备CNP-Al:将4g碳纳米粉分散于48mL聚乙二醇中,加入80mL0.47M氯化铝溶液混合,送至电炉中,充Ar下,940℃处理6h,得到5.4g含Al4C3的CNP-Al。
(3)合成NaNi0.74Co0.16Mn0.1O2·0.045CNP-Al/0.02NH4VO3:将51g氢氧化钠、55.4g步骤(1)制备得到的镍钴锰材料及步骤(2)制备得到的4.8gCNP-Al混合、球磨,搅拌、干燥脱水、送至电炉中,一段煅烧540℃保温8h、退火,加入2.1gNH4VO3混合、球磨、二段煅烧740℃保温10h,得到高镍钠离子正极材料NaNi0.74Co0.16Mn0.1O2·0.045CNP-Al/0.02NH4VO3。
(4)除钠,钠盐包覆:取20g步骤(3)制备得到的高镍钠离子正极材料置于有55mL聚乙二醇的烧杯中,加入25mL0.019M硫酸铵溶液,剧烈搅拌、静置、、除去上层液体、清洗,然后将下层固体置于微波加热设备中180℃干燥42min,脱水、脱醇、脱氨,得到钠盐包覆的高镍钠离子正极材料NaNi0.74Co0.16Mn0.1O2·0.045CNP-Al/0.02NH4VO3。
实施例3:
一种高镍钠离子正极材料,其化学式为NaNi0.68Co0.23Mn0.09O2·0.037CNP-Al/0.015NaVO3。
上述高镍钠离子正极材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)制备镍钴锰材料:将废弃三元锂电池回收得到的三元正极材料经过酸浸、除铝、除铜、萃取得到硫酸镍钴锰混合盐溶液,测定硫酸镍钴锰混合盐溶液中镍钴锰摩尔比(0.965:0.12:0.11),取500mL置于烧杯中,向硫酸镍钴锰混合盐溶液中加0.143M硫酸钴、0.018M硫酸锰,加入50mL丙烯酸,充分搅拌,45℃恒温,加入碳酸铵、搅拌至完全沉淀、静置3h,得到镍钴锰材料。
(2)制备CNP-Al:将6.5g碳纳米粉分散于50mL聚乙二醇中,加入70mL0.47M氯化铝溶液混合,送至电炉中,充Ar下,1284℃处理6h,得到7.9g含Al4C3的CNP-Al。
(3)合成NaNi0.68Co0.23Mn0.09O2·0.037CNP-Al/0.015NaVO3:将122.0g醋酸钠、60.1g步骤(1)制备得到的镍钴锰材料及步骤(2)制备得到的6.8CNP-Al混合、球磨,搅拌、干燥脱水、送至电炉中,一段煅烧590℃保温6h、退火,加入2.7gNaVO3混合、球磨、二段煅烧680℃保温16h,得到高镍钠离子正极材料NaNi0.68Co0.23Mn0.09O2·0.037CNP-Al/0.015NaVO3。
(4)除钠,钠盐包覆:取20g步骤(3)制备得到的高镍钠离子正极材料置于有45mL聚乙二醇的烧杯中,加入25mL0.019M硫酸铵溶液,剧烈搅拌、静置、除去上层液体、清洗,然后将下层固体置于微波加热设备中180℃干燥42min,脱水、脱醇、脱氨,得到钠盐包覆的高镍钠离子正极材料NaNi0.68Co0.23Mn0.09O2·0.037CNP-Al/0.015NaVO3。
实施例4:
一种高镍钠离子正极材料,其化学式为NaNi0.55Co0.18Mn0.27O2·0.034CNP-Al/0.02NaVO3。
上述高镍钠离子正极材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)制备镍钴锰材料:将废弃三元锂电池回收得到的三元正极材料经过酸浸、除铝、除铜、萃取得到硫酸镍钴锰混合盐溶液,测定硫酸镍钴锰混合盐溶液中镍钴锰摩尔比(0.965:0.12:0.11),取500mL置于烧杯中,向硫酸镍钴锰混合盐溶液中加0.2M硫酸钴、0.25M硫酸锰,加入50mL丙烯酸,充分搅拌,45℃恒温,加入碳酸铵、搅拌至完全沉淀、静置3h,得到镍钴锰材料。
(2)制备CNP-Al:将5.3g碳纳米粉分散于40mL聚乙二醇中,加入60mL0.47M氯化铝溶液混合,送至电炉中,充Ar下,1284℃处理6h,得到6.4g含Al4C3的CNP-Al。
(3)合成NaNi0.55Co0.18Mn0.27O2·0.034CNP-Al/0.02NaVO3:将98.8g醋酸钠、55.1g步骤(1)制备得到的镍钴锰材料及步骤(2)制备得到的5.2CNP-Al混合、球磨,搅拌、干燥脱水、送至电炉中,一段煅烧590℃保温6h、退火,加入3.1gNaVO3混合、球磨、二段煅烧680℃保温16h,得到高镍钠离子正极材料NaNi0.55Co0.18Mn0.27O2·0.034CNP-Al/0.02NaVO3。
(4)除钠,钠盐包覆:取20g步骤(3)制备得到的高镍钠离子正极材料置于有45mL聚乙二醇的烧杯中,加入25mL0.019M硫酸铵溶液,剧烈搅拌、静置、除去上层液体、清洗,然后将下层固体置于微波加热设备中180℃干燥42min,脱水、脱醇、脱氨,得到钠盐包覆的高镍钠离子正极材料NaNi0.55Co0.18Mn0.27O2·0.034CNP-Al/0.02NaVO3。
对比例1:
一种高镍钠离子正极材料,其化学式为NaNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2·0.059CNP-Al/0.03NH4VO3。
上述高镍钠离子正极材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)制备镍钴锰材料:将废弃三元锂电池回收得到的三元正极材料经过酸浸、除铝、除铜、萃取得到硫酸镍钴锰混合盐溶液,测定硫酸镍钴锰混合盐溶液中镍钴锰摩尔比(0.965:0.12:0.11),取500mL置于烧杯中,向硫酸镍钴锰混合盐溶液中加0.011M硫酸镍、0.002M硫酸钴、0.012M硫酸锰,加40ml入甲基纤维素,充分搅拌,45℃恒温,加入碳酸钠、搅拌至完全沉淀、静置3h,得到镍钴锰材料。
(2)制备CNP-Al:将4g碳纳米粉分散于30mL聚乙二醇中,加入75mL0.47M氯化铝溶液混合,送至电炉中,充Ar下,940℃处理6h,得到5.5g含Al4C3的CNP-Al。
(3)合成NaNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2·0.059CNP-Al/0.03NH4VO3:将35g氢氧化钠、46.17g步骤(1)制备得到的镍钴锰材料及步骤(2)制备得到的4.7gCNP-Al混合、球磨,搅拌、干燥脱水、送至电炉中,一段煅烧540℃保温8h、退火,加入2.4gNH4VO3混合、球磨、二段煅烧740℃保温10h,得到高镍钠离子正极材料NaNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2·0.059CNP-Al/0.03NH4VO3。
对比例2:
一种高镍钠离子正极材料,其化学式为NaNi0.68Co0.23Mn0.09O2·0.037CNP-Al。
上述高镍钠离子正极材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)制备镍钴锰材料:将废弃三元锂电池回收得到的三元正极材料经过酸浸、除铝、除铜、萃取得到硫酸镍钴锰混合盐溶液,测定硫酸镍钴锰混合盐溶液中镍钴锰摩尔比(0.965:0.12:0.11),取500mL置于烧杯中,向硫酸镍钴锰混合盐溶液中加0.143M硫酸钴、0.018M硫酸锰,加入50mL丙烯酸,充分搅拌,45℃恒温,加入碳酸钠、搅拌至完全沉淀、静置3h,得到镍钴锰材料。
(2)制备CNP-Al:将6.5g碳纳米粉分散于50mL聚乙二醇中,加入70mL0.47M氯化铝溶液混合,送至电炉中,充Ar下,1284℃处理6h,得到7.9g含Al4C3的CNP-Al。
(3)合成NaNi0.68Co0.23Mn0.09O2·0.037CNP-Al:将122.0g醋酸钠、60.1g步骤(1)制备得到的镍钴锰材料及步骤(2)制备得到的6.8CNP-Al混合、球磨,搅拌、干燥脱水、送至电炉中,一段煅烧590℃保温6h、退火、二段煅烧680℃保温16h,得到高镍钠离子正极材料NaNi0.68Co0.23Mn0.09O2·0.037CNP-Al。
(4)除钠,钠盐包覆:取20g步骤(3)制备得到的高镍钠离子正极材料置于有45mL聚乙二醇的烧杯中,加入25mL0.019M硫酸铵溶液,剧烈搅拌、静置、除去上层液体、清洗,然后将下层固体置于微波加热设备中180℃干燥42min,脱水、脱醇、脱氨,得到钠盐包覆的高镍钠离子正极材料NaNi0.68Co0.23Mn0.09O2·0.037CNP-Al。
对比例3:
一种高镍钠离子正极材料,其化学式为NaNi0.68Co0.23Mn0.09O2/0.015NaVO3。
上述高镍钠离子正极材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)制备镍钴锰材料:将废弃三元锂电池回收得到的三元正极材料经过酸浸、除铝、除铜、萃取得到硫酸镍钴锰混合盐溶液,测定硫酸镍钴锰混合盐溶液中镍钴锰摩尔比(0.965:0.12:0.11),取500mL置于烧杯中,向硫酸镍钴锰混合盐溶液中加0.143M硫酸钴、0.018M硫酸锰,加入50mL丙烯酸,充分搅拌,45℃恒温,加入碳酸钠、搅拌至完全沉淀、静置3h,得到镍钴锰材料。
(2)合成NaNi0.68Co0.23Mn0.09O2/0.015NaVO3:将122.0g醋酸钠、60.1g步骤(1)制备得到的镍钴锰材料混合、球磨,搅拌、干燥脱水、送至电炉中,一段煅烧590℃保温6h、退火,加入2.7gNaVO3混合、球磨、二段煅烧680℃保温16h,得到高镍钠离子正极材料NaNi0.68Co0.23Mn0.09O2/0.015NaVO3。
(3)除钠,钠盐包覆:取20g步骤(3)制备得到的高镍钠离子正极材料置于有45mL聚乙二醇的烧杯中,加入25mL0.019M硫酸铵溶液,剧烈搅拌、静置、除去上层液体、清洗,然后将下层固体置于微波加热设备中180℃干燥42min,脱水、脱醇、脱氨,得到钠盐包覆的高镍钠离子正极材料NaNi0.68Co0.23Mn0.09O2/0.015NaVO3。
试验例:
分别测量实施例1-4及对比例1-3的高镍钠离子正极材料的粒径、硬度、BET及振实密度,然后将实施例1-4及对比例1-3的高镍钠离子正极材料与乙炔黑和聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)按照80:15:5的质量比混合于烧杯中,加入少量的NMP后研磨成浆料,随后用厚度为120μm的涂布器将浆料均匀涂敷到铝箔上,放入真空干燥箱中于100℃保温8h,将其冲成直径为16mm的正极片待用(其中活性物质的质量约15-20mg)。以1.2M的NaPF6的碳酸乙烯酯的有机溶液为电解液,金属钠片为负极,在充满Ar的手套箱中将其组装成CR2025型扣式电池。采用BTS的电池测试仪对电池进行性能测试,测试电压为2.5-4.0V,电流密度为2C,扫描速率为0.1mV/s,测试结果见表1。
表1:测试结果
同时,对实施例1的高镍钠离子正极材料做SEM测试及TEM测试,SEM测试的结果如图1所示,TEM测试的结果如图2所示;对对比例1的高镍钠离子正极材料做TEM测试,测试结果如图3所示。
由表1可知,由本申请的高镍钠离子正极材料制成的CR2025型扣式电池,其首次放电比容量能达到161.9mAh·g-1及以上,循环150次后放电比容量仍然在124.5mAh·g-1及以上,由本申请的高镍钠离子正极材料制成的CR2025型扣式电池,其首次放/充电效率能达到73.2%及以上,循环150次后放/充电效率能达到99.7%及以上。
同时,对比实施例1及对比例1可知,当其他条件不变时,最后对高镍钠离子正极材料不进行除残钠,最终制得的高镍钠离子正极材料的放电比容量及放/充电效率较差,使得高镍钠离子正极材料循环稳定性变差。
对比实施例3及对比例2-3可知,当其他条件不变时,高镍钠离子正极材料中不含MVOx或CNP-Al时,高镍钠离子正极材料的硬度会下降,同时其放电比容量及放/充电效率均较差。
此外,由图1可知,实施例1高镍钠离子正极材料大小为5-10μm为主,颗粒之间比较紧凑,分散的高镍钠离子正极材料较少。
由图2可知,实施例1的高镍钠离子正极材料表面有一层38nm的包覆层,包覆层的存在能避免结构缺陷提高电化学性能,由图3可知,对比例1的高镍钠离子正极材料表面光滑,未见包覆层。
上述实施例为本发明较佳的实施方式,但本发明的实施方式并不受上述实施例的限制,其他的任何未背离本发明的精神实质与原理下所作的改变、修饰、替代、组合、简化,均应为等效的置换方式,都包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
1.一种高镍钠离子正极材料,其特征在于:所述高镍钠离子正极材料的化学式为NaNiaCobMncO2·fCNP-Al/tMVOx,其中a+b+c=1,0.5≤a<1,0<b≤0.25,a/b≥2.5,0<c≤0.3,0<t≤0.1,0<f≤0.1,所述M为钠、铜、锌、锆或铵中至少一种。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种高镍钠离子正极材料,其特征在于:所述NaNiaCobMncO2·fCNP-Al/tMVOx中的MVOx为钒酸盐、偏钒酸盐及焦钒酸盐中的至少一种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种高镍钠离子正极材料,其特征在于:所述NaNiaCobMncO2·fCNP-Al/tMVOx中的CNP-Al由碳纳米粉、铝源及分散剂混合组成。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种高镍钠离子正极材料,其特征在于:所述CNP-Al由碳纳米粉与分散剂混合,再与铝源混合,然后在保护气氛下900-1300℃处理3-12h制得。
5.根据权利要求4所述的一种高镍钠离子正极材料,其特征在于:所述CNP-Al中含Al4C3。
6.一种如权利要求1至5任一项所述高镍钠离子正极材料的制备方法,其特征在于:包括以下步骤:将钠源、碳纳米铝与镍钴锰材料混合,干燥脱水、一段煅烧、退火,再混入MVOx、二段煅烧得到。
7.根据权利要求6所述的一种高镍钠离子正极材料的制备方法,其特征在于:在二段煅烧后,还包括对所述高镍钠离子正极材料进行除残钠,形成钠盐包覆的高镍钠离子正极材料的步骤。
8.根据权利要求7所述的一种高镍钠离子正极材料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述除残钠的操作步骤为:将二段煅烧后的高镍钠离子正极材料置于醇溶液中,加入除钠剂,搅拌、静置、水热干燥后得到钠盐包覆的高镍钠离子正极材料。
9.根据权利要求6至8任一项所述的一种高镍钠离子正极材料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述镍钴锰材料为废弃三元锂电池回收处理得到。
10.一种电池,其特征在于:包括权利要求1至5任一项所述的高镍钠离子正极材料。
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US12091328B2 (en) | 2024-09-17 |
CN114400318B (zh) | 2024-10-15 |
HUP2400065A1 (hu) | 2024-07-28 |
US20240270602A1 (en) | 2024-08-15 |
GB2617013A (en) | 2023-09-27 |
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GB202309773D0 (en) | 2023-08-09 |
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