CN114396281B - Underground mine combined mining method - Google Patents
Underground mine combined mining method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114396281B CN114396281B CN202210100024.9A CN202210100024A CN114396281B CN 114396281 B CN114396281 B CN 114396281B CN 202210100024 A CN202210100024 A CN 202210100024A CN 114396281 B CN114396281 B CN 114396281B
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 113
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000003462 vein Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010878 waste rock Substances 0.000 description 1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
- E21C41/00—Methods of underground or surface mining; Layouts therefor
- E21C41/16—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor
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Abstract
The invention discloses a combined mining method for underground mines, wherein an upper plate vein-following tunnel (10) is constructed on an upper plate of an ore body, a lower plate vein-following tunnel (1) is constructed on a lower plate of the ore body, an upper plate vein-passing tunnel (11) is constructed on the upper plate of the ore body, a vein-following tunnel (2) is constructed on the lower plate of the ore body, a ventilating pedestrian raise and a segmented rock drilling tunnel (13) are constructed in an upper plate of the ore body, a medium-length hole is constructed in the upper plate of the ore body, and the blasted ore is transported out of a stope through a segmented open stope method stope ore room ore removal access of a segmented open stope method stope room; and after the stoping of the sublevel open stope method chamber is finished and the chamber is filled, the sublevel open stope method chamber positioned on the lower wall of the ore body is mined, a downward deep hole (6) is constructed downwards in the rock drilling chamber (4), and the blasted ore is transported out of the stope through a sublevel open stope method chamber ore removal inlet (5). The method has the advantages of good safety, easy construction, high resource recovery rate and the like, and is particularly suitable for popularization and application in thick and large steeply-inclined ore body underground mines with extremely broken surrounding rocks.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of underground mining, and particularly relates to a mining method for underground mines by combining a segmented open stope method and a staged open stope method, which is particularly suitable for thick and large steeply inclined ore body underground mines with extremely broken surrounding rocks.
Background
In the design of the underground mine mining method, a vertical deep hole stage open stoping subsequent filling method is usually adopted for mining thick and large steeply inclined ore bodies, the direction of the ore room vertical ore bodies is arranged, and the mining is carried out in a mode of separating three mining from one mining, so that the purposes of less mining and cutting engineering, safe operation, high resource recovery rate and the like are achieved. For example, the south of the Zhou oil mill iron ore belonging to Cheng-Ore Limited liability company of Jinri Ri, anhui has a large ore body thickness and an average thickness of about 50m; the inclination angle of the ore body is 60-80 degrees. The design adopts a vertical deep hole drilling stage open stope subsequent filling mining method, and a chamber is arranged in a vertical ore body trend and is divided into three mining steps and one mining step.
Practice proves that when surrounding rocks are broken completely, the open-stope subsequent filling mining method cannot serve production well in the vertical deep hole rock drilling stage. Because the ore body has a certain inclination angle and the stoping sequence between stages is from bottom to top, the extremely broken hanging wall rock is difficult to keep stable after stoping in a stope is finished. At this time, mine enterprises usually adopt measures such as increasing ore pillars, reducing stope span, and strengthening hanging wall surrounding rock support to ensure safety. Because the standard chamber size of the stage empty field method is larger, the length of the chamber is the same as the thickness of the ore body, namely about 60m, the width is 15-20 m, and the height is the same as the height of the stage, namely 50-60 m generally. On the premise of such huge size, the effects of the various optimization measures are not obvious, and the mineral resources are seriously wasted.
Aiming at the problems, the invention particularly provides a combined mining method for underground mines, which divides a chamber into two parts in the length direction of a standard chamber of a stage open stope, adopts a segmented open stope method to mine ore bodies close to an upper tray, arranges ore blocks in parallel with the trend of the ore bodies, cemented fills the ore bodies with high-concentration tailings after mining, and carries out mining on the residual ore bodies under the protection of a formed upper tray firm filling body. Therefore, the combined mining method has the advantages of good safety, easiness in construction, high resource recovery rate and the like, and is particularly suitable for popularization and application in thick and large steeply inclined ore body underground mines with extremely broken surrounding rocks.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a safe and reliable underground mine combined mining method with simple construction and high resource recovery rate aiming at the outstanding problems of poor mining safety and serious mineral resource waste under the condition of thick and large steeply inclined ore bodies with broken surrounding rocks in the prior art, and the mining current situation of the underground mine with the very broken surrounding rocks and the thick and large steeply inclined ore bodies can be obviously improved.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention discloses a combined mining method for underground mines, which respectively adopts a subsection open stope method and a stage open stope method for mining:
1) The segmented open stope method chamber is positioned on the upper wall ore body and arranged in parallel with the trend of the ore body; the stage empty-field method chamber is positioned on the footwall ore body and arranged along the direction of the vertical ore body, and the two chambers are vertically arranged.
2) Firstly, mining a sublevel open stope method chamber, comprising the following steps of;
the first step is as follows: constructing an upper-disk vein-following roadway on the upper disk of the ore body, and constructing a lower-disk vein-following roadway on the lower disk of the ore body;
the second step is that: constructing an upper-plate vein-penetrating roadway on an upper plate of an ore body, and constructing a vein-penetrating roadway on a lower plate of the ore body;
the third step: constructing a ventilating pedestrian raise and a segmented rock drilling roadway in an upper-tray ore body, reserving a stud in the upper-tray ore body, reserving a top pillar at the upper part of a segmented open-field method chamber, constructing a medium-length hole in the upper-tray ore body under the protection of the stud and the top pillar, and transporting the blasted ore out of a stope through a sublevel open-field method chamber ore removal access of the segmented open-field method chamber;
3) When the mining of the sublevel empty stope method chamber is finished and the chamber is filled, the sublevel empty stope method chamber located in the footwall ore body is mined, and the steps are as follows:
the first step is as follows: in the lateral construction of the footwall vein-passing roadway, an ore removal access of an empty-field-method chamber and a bottom structure of the empty-field-method chamber are performed;
the second step is that: constructing a drilling chamber connection roadway and a drilling chamber in the lower disk ore body;
the third step: and (4) constructing downward deep holes downwards in the drilling chamber, and transporting the blasted ores out of a stope through a step-by-step open stope method chamber ore removal route.
Furthermore, the height of the sectional open stope method chamber is the same as the stage height H, and is 50-62 m, the width B1 of the sectional open stope method chamber is not more than 10m, and the length L1 is 55-62 m; the height of the stage empty-field method chamber is the same as the height H of the stage, and both the height and the height are 50-62 m, the width B2 of the stage empty-field method chamber is 15-22 m, and the length L2 is the same as the thickness of the residual ore body.
Further, the length L1 of the sectional open stope is equal to four times the width B2 of the sectional open stope, i.e., L1=4 × B2.
The method firstly adopts the sectional empty stope method chamber, the stope is finished and filled, and after the strength of the filling body reaches the standard, the sectional empty stope method chamber is stoped by adopting a mode of three mining and one mining.
After the technical scheme is adopted, the underground mine combined mining method has the following positive effects:
(1) The hanging wall ore body is preferably mined and cemented and filled by adopting a segmental open stope method, so that a stable artificial hanging wall rock is formed, and a safety prerequisite condition is created for the step open stope method chamber with high yield and low energy consumption adopted by the lower wall ore body;
(2) The sectional open stope method chamber and the stage open stope method chamber are communicated through a vein-through roadway, and a safety outlet is added for the stage open stope method chamber; on the premise of ensuring that the mining preparation project is not changed, the ore removal efficiency is improved;
(3) Under the protection of stable and manual hanging wall rock, the method greatly reduces the amount of crushed wall rock entering a stage empty field method chamber, can effectively reduce the parameters such as mixing rate of waste rock, dilution rate of ore and the like, and brings great economic benefit to mine enterprises; on the other hand, the stable filling body can ensure that the ground surface does not collapse, thereby achieving the purpose of environmental protection.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a method of combined mining of underground mines according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along the Y-axis of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is an X-axis directional diagram of the sectioned deadspace method room of FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a Z-axis directional diagram of the segmented open stope method chamber floor structure of FIG. 1;
FIG. 5 is an X-axis directional diagram of the phase-empty-field method room of FIG. 1;
fig. 6 is a Z-axis directional diagram of the stage-empty-field method room floor structure of fig. 1.
The reference signs are: a-a sectioned empty-field method chamber; c-stage empty-field method ore; l1-length of a sublevel open stope method chamber; b1, the width of a chamber by a segmented open stope method; l2-length of the empty-yard method chamber; b2-the width of the chamber by the stage empty field method; h-stage height; 1-a footwall vein laneway; 2-a lower-disk vein-crossing roadway; 3-drilling chamber connection roadway; 4-a rock drilling chamber; 5-stage ore room ore removal route by an empty yard method; 6-downward deep hole; 7-stage empty yard method chamber bottom structure; 8-ore pass; 9-stope ramp; 10-upper plate vein-following roadway; 11-hanging a plate and penetrating a vein tunnel; 12-ventilated pedestrian patio; 13-subsection rock drilling roadway; 14-studs; 15-a top post; 16-ore removal and access of a sublevel open stope method chamber; 17-a medium-length hole; 18-subsection empty-field method chamber bottom structure.
Detailed Description
In order to better describe the invention, the underground mine combined mining method is further described in detail with reference to the attached drawings.
In the embodiment, the sublevel open stope method chamber A is positioned on the upper wall ore body and arranged parallel to the trend of the ore body, as shown in a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the chamber arrangement of the underground mine combined mining method of the invention shown in figure 1. The height of the chamber is the same as the stage height H, and is 60m, the width B1 is 10m, and the length L1 is 60m; the method comprises the following steps that a stage empty-field method chamber C is located on a footwall ore body and is arranged perpendicular to the direction of the ore body, the height of the chamber is the same as the height H of a stage, the width B2 is 60m, the length L2 is 15m, and the thickness of the chamber is the same as that of the rest ore body; the length L1 of the sectional open-field method room a is equal to four times the width B2 of the sectional open-field method room C, i.e.: l1=4 × B2, the two rooms being in a vertically disposed relationship. And (3) mining the sublevel empty stope method chamber A, finishing the stoping and filling, and stoping the sublevel empty stope method chamber C in a 'three-mining-one' mode after the strength of a filling body reaches the standard.
The step of mining the sublevel open stope method chamber (A) is shown by the cross section of the Y-axis direction of FIG. 1 shown in FIG. 2 and combined with FIG. 3, FIG. 4 and FIG. 1;
the first step is as follows: constructing an upper-disk vein-following roadway 10 on the upper disk of the ore body and a lower-disk vein-following roadway 1 on the lower disk of the ore body;
the second step is that: constructing an upper-plate vein-penetrating roadway 11 on an upper plate of an ore body and constructing a vein-penetrating roadway 2 on a lower plate of the ore body;
the third step: a ventilating pedestrian raise 12 and a segmented rock drilling roadway 13 are constructed in the upper-tray mine, a stud 14 is reserved in the upper-tray mine, a top column 15 is reserved at the upper part of the segmented open-field method mine room A, a medium-length hole 17 is constructed in the upper-tray mine under the protection of the stud 14 and the top column 15, and the blasted ore is transported out of a stope through a segmented open-field method mine room ore removal access 16 of the segmented open-field method mine room A.
As shown by a cross-sectional view in the Y-axis direction of fig. 1 shown in fig. 2 and in combination with fig. 1, a sectional empty-yard-method room a and a sectional empty-yard-method room C are connected through a drift, wherein the drift on the upper tray of the sectional empty-yard-method room a is an upper tray drift 11, the drift on the lower tray of the sectional empty-yard-method room C is a lower tray drift 2, and the upper tray drift 11 and the lower tray drift 2 are two parts of the same drift; the ore pass shaft 8 is positioned in the ore body footwall surrounding rock, the stope slope 9 is also positioned in the ore body footwall surrounding rock, and the stope slope 9 is respectively communicated with the footwall vein-penetrating roadway 2 and the rock drilling chamber connecting roadway 3;
as shown in fig. 2, which is a cross-sectional view in the Y-axis direction of fig. 1, in combination with fig. 5, 6, and 1, the mining steps of the staged open stope method chamber (C) are as follows:
the first step is as follows: in the lateral construction of the footwall vein-passing roadway 2, an empty-field-method chamber ore removal access 5 and a stage empty-field-method chamber bottom structure 7 are adopted;
the second step is that: constructing a drilling chamber connecting roadway 3 and a drilling chamber 4 in the lower tray ore body;
the third step: and (3) constructing a downward deep hole 6 downwards in the drilling chamber 4, and transporting the blasted ore out of a stope through a step-by-step open stope method chamber ore removal access 5.
As can be seen from the sectional open stope method room X-axis directional diagram of fig. 1 shown in fig. 3, the ventilated pedestrian patio 12 communicates with the sectional rock drilling roadway 13.
Claims (4)
1. A combined mining method for underground mines is characterized in that a sublevel open stope method and a stage open stope method are respectively adopted for mining:
1) The segmented open stope method chamber (A) is positioned on the upper wall ore body and arranged in parallel to the trend of the ore body; the stage empty-field method chamber (C) is positioned on the ore body of the lower tray and arranged along the direction vertical to the ore body;
2) Firstly, mining a sublevel open stope method chamber (A), comprising the following steps of;
the first step is as follows: constructing an upper-disk vein-following roadway (10) on the upper disk of the ore body and a lower-disk vein-following roadway (1) on the lower disk of the ore body;
the second step: constructing an upper-tray vein-penetrating roadway (11) on the upper tray of the ore body and a lower-tray vein-penetrating roadway (2) on the lower tray of the ore body; the upper disk pulse-penetrating roadway (11) and the lower disk pulse-penetrating roadway (2) are two parts of the same pulse-penetrating roadway;
the third step: constructing a ventilating pedestrian raise (12) and a segmented rock drilling roadway (13) in the upper-tray ore body, reserving a stud (14) in the upper-tray ore body, reserving a top column (15) at the upper part of a segmented open stope method chamber (A), constructing a medium-length hole (17) in the upper-tray ore body under the protection of the stud (14) and the top column (15), and conveying the blasted ore out of a stope through a segmented open stope method chamber ore removal access (16) of the segmented open stope method chamber (A);
3) When the sublevel empty-stope-method chamber (A) is completely stoped and filled, the sublevel empty-stope-method chamber (C) located in the footwall ore body is mined, and the steps are as follows:
the first step is as follows: in the lateral construction stage of the footwall vein-penetrating roadway (2), an empty stope method stope ore removal access (5) and a stage empty stope method stope bottom structure (7) are adopted;
the second step is that: constructing a drilling chamber connecting roadway (3) and a drilling chamber (4) in the lower disk ore body;
the third step: and (3) downwards constructing a downward deep hole (6) in the drilling chamber (4), and transporting the blasted ore out of a stope through a stope ore removal access path (5) by a stage-by-stage stope method.
2. The underground mine combined mining method of claim 1, wherein: the height of the sectional open stope method chamber (A) is the same as the stage height H, and is 50-62 m, the width B1 of the sectional open stope method chamber (A) is not more than 10m, and the length L1 is 55-62 m; the height of the stage empty-field method chamber (C) is the same as the height H of the stage, and the height H of the stage empty-field method chamber (C) is 50-62 m, the width B2 of the stage empty-field method chamber (C) is 15-22 m, and the length L2 of the stage empty-field method chamber (C) is the same as the thickness of the residual ore body.
3. The underground mine combined mining method of claim 2, wherein: the length L1 of the sectional open-field method chamber (A) is equal to four times of the width B2 of the sectional open-field method chamber (C).
4. A combined mining method as claimed in claim 1, 2 or 3, in which: and (4) stoping the chamber (C) by a stage empty stope method in a mode of three-mining-one-separating mode.
Priority Applications (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210100024.9A CN114396281B (en) | 2022-01-27 | 2022-01-27 | Underground mine combined mining method |
| PCT/CN2022/092444 WO2023142303A1 (en) | 2022-01-27 | 2022-05-12 | Combined mining method for underground mine |
| ZA2023/02570A ZA202302570B (en) | 2022-01-27 | 2023-02-24 | Combined mining method for underground mines |
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| CN202210100024.9A CN114396281B (en) | 2022-01-27 | 2022-01-27 | Underground mine combined mining method |
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| CN114396281A CN114396281A (en) | 2022-04-26 |
| CN114396281B true CN114396281B (en) | 2022-10-28 |
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| CN202210100024.9A Active CN114396281B (en) | 2022-01-27 | 2022-01-27 | Underground mine combined mining method |
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| CN (1) | CN114396281B (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2023142303A1 (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA202302570B (en) |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114396281B (en) * | 2022-01-27 | 2022-10-28 | 中钢集团马鞍山矿山研究总院股份有限公司 | Underground mine combined mining method |
| CN118532174B (en) * | 2024-07-25 | 2024-10-01 | 东北大学 | Reconstruction method and device for inclined-steeply inclined polar crushed ore body stope structure |
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| CN114396280B (en) * | 2022-01-27 | 2022-10-28 | 中钢集团马鞍山矿山研究总院股份有限公司 | Underground structure arrangement mode for mining by adopting segmented open stope method and staged open stope method in sequence |
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- 2022-01-27 CN CN202210100024.9A patent/CN114396281B/en active Active
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2023
- 2023-02-24 ZA ZA2023/02570A patent/ZA202302570B/en unknown
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN114396281A (en) | 2022-04-26 |
| ZA202302570B (en) | 2023-05-31 |
| WO2023142303A1 (en) | 2023-08-03 |
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