CA1144103A - Method and apparatus for underground working of ore deposits - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for underground working of ore depositsInfo
- Publication number
- CA1144103A CA1144103A CA000351338A CA351338A CA1144103A CA 1144103 A CA1144103 A CA 1144103A CA 000351338 A CA000351338 A CA 000351338A CA 351338 A CA351338 A CA 351338A CA 1144103 A CA1144103 A CA 1144103A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- ore
- flow
- loading
- platform
- haulage
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F13/00—Transport specially adapted to underground conditions
- E21F13/06—Transport of mined material at or adjacent to the working face
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
- E21C41/00—Methods of underground or surface mining; Layouts therefor
- E21C41/16—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor
- E21C41/22—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor for ores, e.g. mining placers
Abstract
Abstract of the Disclosure A distinction of the method resides in that, at the moment of release of ore the ore flow in the zone of an outlet opening is divided into at least two parts by a vertical plane, and the ore flow is caused to swing transversely with respect to the direction of ore flow by alternately changing the density of ore in the portions of the flow, oversized lumps of ore delivered to a loading drift being transferred along a ramp by-passing haulage vehicles to ventilating and man roads which are arranged at the level of haulage crosscuts and connected thereto at points opposite to loading drifts. A distinction of an apparatus for carrying out the method resides in that a working surface of a platform consists of three rigidly interconnected portions, the end portions extending in parallel and at different levels, and a central portion is inclined in the direction of ore flow.
Description
114~3 ME~HOD 4~-D APP.ARA~US POR U~ERGROU~D '~ORKIN~ OP O~
DEPOSITS
The in~ention relate~ to the minin~ i~du~trg, and more particularlg to the etopping of ore i~ the u~der~round worki~g of thick ~teep ore bodies.
The main requirements imp3sed on methods ior u~dergrou~d ~orking ~ith bla~ting o~ ore i8 the provi~ion o~ a co~tinuous ilow production method for the release o~ ore ~rom blocks~
~o compl~ with thi9 xequire~e2lt,it i9 neces~ary that a~ ore delivery ~ethod could e~able ~n increase in the ef~ectiYe cro~s-section o~ a~ outlet openi~g to a 3ize correspondin~ to any ~ize o~ ore brocke~ by a !D~193 blasting under the u~dergrour~ ~ining co~ditio~q, a~d a system which ia to co~ply ~ith the release method re~uirements should be suitable for operation undar a compressed p~le of ore.
Widely kno~ i~ the ~rt i9 a method ~or mi~ing ~ith block caving OL t~ick steep iron ore bodies (c~. V.A.~ovalanko et al~, Improveme~t in roducti3n ~et~od for Stopi~g Operation~ at Shers~eYhs~aya ~ine, ~ig.l (in Ru~sian), Gor~ Zhurnal ~Jo.9, t977), comprising a cros~cut preparation oi botto~ with loadi~g drifts, a screeni~g level de~igned for secondary crushing o~
oversized lumps being arranged 10-12 m above a haulage level and being connected b~ mean3 o~ ore chutes to loading dri~ta ~or ~eeding ~oxma7 size ore from the screening level to the hau-lage cros~cut. By thi~ min~ng met~od ore i~ delivered from blocko to ore chutea tbrough aoreen~ inntalled over the ore *
1149~1~3 chutes with ~ub3e3ue~t loadi~g of ~or~al 9i2e ore ~rom the ore chute~ in baulage vehicles by means o~ hatches or vibr~-torg feeder~.
The advantage of the above-de~cribed method resides i~
that the chutes with normal siza ore con~titute an accumtllat-pace separaling the relea~e fro~ the loading. ~he de~reeo~ influe~ce o~ ~on-uni~or~ release on loading process is thu~
reduced. With the u~e of such metkod the equipment e~pl~ged ~or the mechanization o~ ore loading from the ore chutes ca~ot, however, have any effect on the delivery proce~s which i8 conducted at the screen level manuall~ using shoYelling and blasting, tnu3 affecting the release efficiency and li~itin~
the performance at 103d-n~ operations ~hi~h does not exceed 600 t/day (from th~ee ore chutes connected with one loading poi~t).
A ~odificatio~ o~ the mi~ing method with ~ublevel '~re3'cage i8 ~idel~ used i~ the ~ining ~dustry around the ~orld, ~herein the release process at 3ublevela i9 ~echanized b~ means of sel~-propelled loadi~g and haula~e ~ehi~les a~d the process at the haulage ls~el at ore chutes is al~o mechanized by using high-capacit~ ~tationa~ 103di~g mac~ine~. In this modificatiDn o~ the mi~ing method the level i8 ~ub~divided into 5-6 sublevel3 each 9 to 12 m hi~h~ Ore is tra~ferred ~rom the oublevel~
along ore rhute~ to the haula~e level where it is loaded into haulage vehicle~ ~he capacity o~ normal size o~e loading Prom the ore chute3 by this method ie 3-4 time~ hi~her and i8 Up to 2000 t~dag owi~g to an increaee in the number o~ ~ace~ per 11441~3 one ore chute. Release efficiency remains, however, at thesame level compared to a gravity ore release through screens.
This is due to the fact that with the sublevel breakage the reserves of broken ore at one face is not enough for a shift.
Therefore, during one shift, in addition to the ore release, drilling and blasting should be made thus lowering the out-put for one face to 200 t/day.
The above-described modification of the method of working with sublevel breakage has the following disadvantages compared to the method of mass breakage over the entire level height;
1. Large volume of driving operations for the prepara-tion of sublevels and ore chutes.
DEPOSITS
The in~ention relate~ to the minin~ i~du~trg, and more particularlg to the etopping of ore i~ the u~der~round worki~g of thick ~teep ore bodies.
The main requirements imp3sed on methods ior u~dergrou~d ~orking ~ith bla~ting o~ ore i8 the provi~ion o~ a co~tinuous ilow production method for the release o~ ore ~rom blocks~
~o compl~ with thi9 xequire~e2lt,it i9 neces~ary that a~ ore delivery ~ethod could e~able ~n increase in the ef~ectiYe cro~s-section o~ a~ outlet openi~g to a 3ize correspondin~ to any ~ize o~ ore brocke~ by a !D~193 blasting under the u~dergrour~ ~ining co~ditio~q, a~d a system which ia to co~ply ~ith the release method re~uirements should be suitable for operation undar a compressed p~le of ore.
Widely kno~ i~ the ~rt i9 a method ~or mi~ing ~ith block caving OL t~ick steep iron ore bodies (c~. V.A.~ovalanko et al~, Improveme~t in roducti3n ~et~od for Stopi~g Operation~ at Shers~eYhs~aya ~ine, ~ig.l (in Ru~sian), Gor~ Zhurnal ~Jo.9, t977), comprising a cros~cut preparation oi botto~ with loadi~g drifts, a screeni~g level de~igned for secondary crushing o~
oversized lumps being arranged 10-12 m above a haulage level and being connected b~ mean3 o~ ore chutes to loading dri~ta ~or ~eeding ~oxma7 size ore from the screening level to the hau-lage cros~cut. By thi~ min~ng met~od ore i~ delivered from blocko to ore chutea tbrough aoreen~ inntalled over the ore *
1149~1~3 chutes with ~ub3e3ue~t loadi~g of ~or~al 9i2e ore ~rom the ore chute~ in baulage vehicles by means o~ hatches or vibr~-torg feeder~.
The advantage of the above-de~cribed method resides i~
that the chutes with normal siza ore con~titute an accumtllat-pace separaling the relea~e fro~ the loading. ~he de~reeo~ influe~ce o~ ~on-uni~or~ release on loading process is thu~
reduced. With the u~e of such metkod the equipment e~pl~ged ~or the mechanization o~ ore loading from the ore chutes ca~ot, however, have any effect on the delivery proce~s which i8 conducted at the screen level manuall~ using shoYelling and blasting, tnu3 affecting the release efficiency and li~itin~
the performance at 103d-n~ operations ~hi~h does not exceed 600 t/day (from th~ee ore chutes connected with one loading poi~t).
A ~odificatio~ o~ the mi~ing method with ~ublevel '~re3'cage i8 ~idel~ used i~ the ~ining ~dustry around the ~orld, ~herein the release process at 3ublevela i9 ~echanized b~ means of sel~-propelled loadi~g and haula~e ~ehi~les a~d the process at the haulage ls~el at ore chutes is al~o mechanized by using high-capacit~ ~tationa~ 103di~g mac~ine~. In this modificatiDn o~ the mi~ing method the level i8 ~ub~divided into 5-6 sublevel3 each 9 to 12 m hi~h~ Ore is tra~ferred ~rom the oublevel~
along ore rhute~ to the haula~e level where it is loaded into haulage vehicle~ ~he capacity o~ normal size o~e loading Prom the ore chute3 by this method ie 3-4 time~ hi~her and i8 Up to 2000 t~dag owi~g to an increaee in the number o~ ~ace~ per 11441~3 one ore chute. Release efficiency remains, however, at thesame level compared to a gravity ore release through screens.
This is due to the fact that with the sublevel breakage the reserves of broken ore at one face is not enough for a shift.
Therefore, during one shift, in addition to the ore release, drilling and blasting should be made thus lowering the out-put for one face to 200 t/day.
The above-described modification of the method of working with sublevel breakage has the following disadvantages compared to the method of mass breakage over the entire level height;
1. Large volume of driving operations for the prepara-tion of sublevels and ore chutes.
2. The need of having a team of drill operators,blasters and loading machinists at each sublevel.
Another modification of the method for mining with level breakage has been recently developed (cf V.A. Koval-enko, Improvement in Production Method for Stopping Opera-tions at Sheregeshaskaya Mine, Fig. 2 (in Russian), Gorny Zhurnal, No. 9, 1977) which is free from disadvantages of the above described modifications of the methods and com-prises a crosscut preparation of bottom with loading drifts ; accommcdating devices for release and loading of ore, using for controlling of release and secondary crushing ventilat-ing and man roads arranged in an intercrosscut pillar above the roof level of loading drifts and communicating through inclined man ways with delivery ways for an access to chokes of 1~44~3 cre therei~9 secondary ¢rushing and ~entilati~g. In this modi-~icatio~ of the method for mi~ing with mass breakage o~ ore the release and loadinæ processes are e~ected ~y means o~ one ~d the sam~ arrangement (vibratory feeder)~ One operator ca~
at the same time make the loading a~d supervise the release o~
ore and also eliminate cho~ss and e~ect secondary c.rushin~ c~
oversize ore. ~he absence oi a~ accumulating space ~or normal s~ze ore results~ howe~er~ in an increased in~luenc~ of non-uni-iorm release on the loading capacity which does not exceed than 600 t~shi~t. ~on-uni~oxmity of release depe~ds on the number o~ cho~es o~ ore in an outlet opening ~ich are formed -~rith the release o~ oversized ore~ as well as ~rith the release o~ ~ mal size ore as a result o~ mismGtch bet~ree~ the size o~ the effective cross-section o~ ~he outlet ope~i~g a~d th~ size o~
the ore ~.qhich is relsased a~ter a mass blastiDg. ~his misma'ch is the ~in disad~a~ta~e o~ all lhe kno~n methods o~ ore rele2se and it restrains the development ~f a co~ti~uous ,~roduction ~low method o~ release and load~Dg o~ ore ~rom bloc~s~
~ he possibility o~ iDcreasin~ ths size oi the e~ective cross-sectio~ o~ the outlet openi~g and matching it with t~e size o~ ore ~hich is bro~e~ at present by mass blas'ing in the underg:round mining depe~d on methcds and devices Ior release of broken ore.
~ own in the art is a gravity method of ore delivery using scrapers and scraper corlveyors. ~sing such devices blasted ore iines are removed ~rom an ore slope eætendi;lg ~rom the outlet openi~g to the ~loor o~ ~ loadi~g driit thereby cleari~g the way ~ 5 --1~441~3 for an ore flow. The height of the flow at the narrowest point at the fore-end of the outlet opening ranges from 0.7 to 0.9 m. In this case maximum size of ore released without choke does not exceed 300-400 mm which is three times smaller than normal size of ore that can be handled by modern under-ground crushers. As a result a large number of chokes are formed - up to 16-20 - per 1000 tons of released ore. The base for the formation of choke archings is provided by a stationary zone of ore which restricts the size of effective cross-section of the outlet opening. The main disadvantage of the gravity ore release method resides in that with the lateral arrangement of delivery drifts relative to a scrap-ing race the equipment employed for the mechanization of release cannot influence this stationary zone. Therefore, all unstable chokes should be removed manually by shovelling thus lowering the output at the delivery and creating haz-ardous situations when a miner approaches chokes.
Recently the gravity method of ore release is being replaced by a semiactive method of release using self-pro-pelled loading and haulage vehicles, various feeders and other release arrangements enabling end-face recovery of ore from release drifts. As differed from the gravity delivery, the process of ore outflow from the outlet opening in this delivery method is of a double nature.
Before chokes are formed the ore flow behaves as in the case of the gravity release method. As the ore slope extending from under the fore-end of the outlet opening and located under the protection of a haulage drift roof is being retracted the out-11441(~3 let opening is opened and the ore ~lo~ tends to move thereto ata point of t~e lowest res.istanoe~ adjacent to the ~ore-end o~
the outlet openingO ~he stationary ore zone~ similarly to the gravity met~od~ constitutes a nbedl' ~or the ore ~lo~ and rest-ricts and size o~ the ei~ectiYe cross-section o~ the outlet opening.
After an cho~e is ~ormed the statio~ary zone is exposed and ~ay be acted upon by mechanical devices. During this period o~ active w~ king on the stationary zone unstable chokes are remo~ed~ and the size of released ore is two times larger - up to 600-8CG mm (o~ling to the destruction o~ that pPrt o~ the station3ry ~one .~hich is under the protection o~ choke whick is 1.5 time3 sm211er than the normal size lu~p~ So even in case of the semiactiie method t~ere is the need in a second~ry cru-shi~ o~ nor~al size ore in elimiD2tinO cho~es by blasting. 95~, o~
o~ersized ore lu~ps are crushed ~n eliminating cho~es i~ the outlet openin~.
~ here~ore~ ~he main disad~ntage o~ knorn release methods reside~ in the presence o~ a statiorary zone ~hich limits the possi~ility o~ an increase in the size o~ the ef~ecti-~e cross-section o~ the outlet opening to Latch it with the size oI ore lumps broken during u~deré;round mining. ~ismatch of the size o~
the e~Iecti~e cross-sectio~ o~ the outlet opening with the size ai released ore v.hich re3ults in choki~l~ in the outlet openi~g restrains ~urther inorease 1n the productivity OI ~osvn release methods a~d constitutes a major obstacle on ~e way to the deve-lopment o~ an automatic ~low produ~tio:rl li~2e for ore relezse ~rom blocLcs, ~144~(~3 The disadvanta~es o~ known release methods can be best illustrated with re~erence to operation o~ apparatus used f~
their realization.
In ore release by mea~s o~ lc~ders having scooping or ra~i~g operating units the amount oi penetration o~ an operating u~it into 8 pile does not exceed 1.5 m. I~ this case t~e height o~ ore ~low moving ~rom under the ~ore-e~d of the outlet opening~
as ~ith the gravity ~elease using scrapers~ does ~ot exceed 0,9 m. During this period~ be~ore choke is ~ormed~ the character o~ the ore ~lo~ movement over the stationary zone doesnot di~er from that o~ t~e gravity fl~ and the size o~ ore lu~ps releas-ed without cho~in~ does not exceed 40G ~m.
Durin~ ~he Eeriod aftsr the ~or~tio~ o~ chokes~ ~hen the statio~a~y zone beco~es exposed~ self-propelled equipment can be u ed f~r ore recovery ~r~ the statio~ary zo~e. Th~ is equal to an i~crease in tne depth oi ore recovery ~rom u~der the pile ~hus enabling an l~crea~e i~ the size o~ the e~Deotive c~oss-sectio~ o~ u~e cutlet o~eni~g znd size of released ore. nis amount Ql the ore recoYery depth ~ith the delive~y l-cing se}~-propelled equipment does not~ ho ~e~er~ e2~ceed the length o~ the base o~ ar. ore slope extending f`rom u~der the fore-end o~ the o utlet openi~g to the bo-,~om o~ a loadin~ dri~t~ Further increase in the penetration depth o~ an opera ting unit is limit;ed ~y the rOllo~
- da~ger of moving a machine u~der a chol~e;
- diIliculties o~ penetratiorl of 2n operati~g unit into a compacted ore which is behind the fore-e~d oi the outlet op~n-i~g unde~ the broken mass.
~144~3 Feeders of all types are pre~erred oompared to sel~-pro-pelled e~uipme~t ~hen usin~ the semicactive method oi release irom the viewpoint of the possibility of a safe increase in the ore recovery depth.
During the period before the iormation o~ chokes feeders ensure the ore recover~ depth equal to the length oi the base o~ an ore slope extending to the working web o~ a ~eeder ~hich is the maxi~um ore recovery depth ~or sel~-propelled equipme~t.
A~ter the ~ormation o~ an choke feeders provide further increase in the ore recovery depth beyo~d the limits o~ the fore-end o~ the outlet opening owing to ~he ore intake ~rom that pRrt oi the station3ry zone which is u~der the preotection oi tke cho'~a arching. The size o~ released ore is 1.5 times iarger comp2red to ~hat o~ released with self-propelled equip-ment a~d is as large as 0.9 ~.
~ urther incrsase in the recover7 depth and si~e o~ ore delivered by ~eeders ~s~ ~o,YeYer~ limited b~ the ollo~ g:
-when vibrator~ ~eed~rs havi~g an elastic 3ystem and directional oscillatio~s are dipped ~n excess directly beneath the stationar~ zone~ the elastic system o~ a vibrato~ platiorm is jammed thus c2u3inO an intensive reduction oi vibrator~
power to~7ards the ~ammed end;
- ieeders ~ithout an elastio 3ystem having a ~le2ible vibratory platL ~ m are not ~ensitive to an e~cessive dippi~g~
but ~ith these ~eeders oscillations oi the vibratory platiorm are damped in the direction ~rom ~ vibrator to the stationary zo~e;
_ ~ _ 114~ 3 - feeders G~ the ~ype of conveyors wi.th en~.less belt are capab~e o~ 4ransmitting a $orce over a certain distance for the ~estruction o~ the statio~ry zone. As ~he depth o~ pe~e-tration of the operating u~it into the stationary zone i~crea-ses the head oi the stationary zone ac~ing on the ore flo~ be-comes stronger ~hich is accompa~ied by a decrease in the thickness o~ ore flow~ a~d ~Ihen the ~reb is dipped 1.5-2 m behind ~he ~ore-end o~ the outlet opening~ the ore flo~ is completely constructed and s4opped.
In accordance with technolo~ical capabilities of known feeders~ it is Oen~rally reco~mended to dip the operating unit of a feeder d~ ectly under the broken mass (behind ~he fore-e~d o~ the Gutle-4 op2~ing) ma~imum at 1 m. ~aximum height of the ore fl~w at the ~arr~7est adaace~t to the Dore-end of the outlet o~en-i~g does ~ot ~xcaed 1.5 m a~d ~a~imum si~e of ore lunps released without choki.~ is 1 m.
~ he main object of t~e in~ention is to ~mprove the method for ur~eground ~or~-n~ Qf o~e dèposit3 by modi~yiDg the pro uc-tion sequ_nce of 'he release and loadin~ process by transfer~ g secolldary crusniDg opel~ations fr the delivery driIts to ~u7age crosscut in ventilati~e, and ma~ roads.
A~other ob~ect o~ the i~vPniiio~ is to pro~ide ~or ore deli-very without choking by elimi~ti~g the stationary zone which 1 imits the size oi the e~Iective cross-section o~ the outlet openin~.
Still another object o~ the i~vention is to provide a sy.stem Ior the real~zation o~ the above-described release method~ which is capa ble OI reliably opera ting under heavy conditions under a heap o~ oreO
These and other objects are accomplished by that i~ a method ~or under~round working o~ ore deposits comprising dri~ing minir~ galleries~ blasti~g~ conducting deli~ery and loadin~ of ore to haulage vehicles~ accordi~g to the invention~ an ore ~low in the zone o~ an outlet opening is divided by a ~ertical plane into at least t~o p2rts a~d is caused to s~ing transver-sely with respect to the direction o~ cre ~lol~ by alterr~tely changing ore density in the part3 o~ the ~1~Y~ oYersized lumps o~ ore delivered into the loading drift be~ng tra~s~erred alo~g a ramp by-pas3i~ haulage vehicles t-o vantilating and man roads which a~e arranged at the leYel of bottom o~ haulage crosscuts a~d co~nected ~hereto at points opposite to ~ke load-ing dri~ts~
The obaects are also accomplished b~ an apparatus ~o.r ~he realizatio~ o~ 2ethod~ com~rising a .~ra~e on .~,hich is instal-led by m~ans o- suppor~ members a plati~r~ ~or rec~ivi~3 ore ~ ~
Jrom th2 outlet openi~g~ and a dri-~e or ~partin~ ~eciprocatiG~s to the plat~orm relst~ve *o the ~ra~ne~ 77herein~ accordi~g to the i~ention~ tha .vorking sur~ace oD the platfc~m is made o~
three ri~idl~- intercon~ec~cd portions~the end portions e~tending in parallel with the direc~ion of reciprocations o the plat~orm and being arranged at di~erent levels~ and the central portion oi the platfcrm being inclined in the direction o~ ore ~low.
~ he support members o~ the apparatus pre~erably comprise rolls with t~o flanges a~d three contact surfaces~ 2nd the ~ree end o~ t~e top portion o~ the p7at~orm is provided with a rigid-ly se¢ur~d plate a~d 3 horizontal landi~g integral with the 1~44~L~33frame o~ the apparatus is arranged over the plate~
The invention m3tæ~ ~11y resides in the ~ollo~7ing.
~ he method ~or underOround workin~ ffl ore deposite accord-ing to the invention is based on a continuous production ~ro-cess o~ release o~ ore from blasted mass to haulage vehicles.
Co~tinuous process oL release is ensured by elimin2ting the stationary zone limiting the e~ective cross-section o~
the outlet opening so that the size o~ the effective cross-sec tion should be matched ~Jith the size ffl ore broken by a m~ss blasting durin~ underground mining.
Di~ficulties in increasing the size o~ the e~ectiYe cross-section o~ the outlet opening reside in that~ during the release ore passes at the point o~ the lo-,7est resistance and ~or~s a ~lo~ at the ~ore-end o~ the outlet opening. The remaining ~ass oi or~ ~hich is beneath the ~10~.7 re~ains stationary and ~orms a nbed~ ~or 'he ore ~lo-~. Ore ~in~s in the ~10~,7 Lall bet"een the ;umps of the or~ n bed~' to ~ill the ~ree space therebe4~,~;een so t~at density o~ ore in the stationar~ zone increases to such an e~ent that it cannot rracti~ally ~e ~estructed by any mecha-nioal equip$ent em~loyed ~or delivery and is to be blo~7n-up by pressure char~es in eliminating chokes ~he~ the stationary zone is expose~ ter the stationar~ zone is dest-ucted~ the pro-cess ~ its ~ormation and compaction is repeated.
We have conducted e~perime~tal studies and ~ound that:
1. iormation o~ a station~y,zone begins simul,~neously with the ~ormation o~ an ore ~lo~ and the process o~ oompaction o~ ore ~n this zo~e starts ~rom the lower layers and co~tinues as 1~44~3 ore fines fill the space between ore lumps to the level of a boundary separating the stationary zone from the ore flow;
2. the process of ore compaction in the stationary zone may be prevented by loosening the lower layer of the sta-tionary zone with subsequent recovery thereof with ore fines that get to this layer from the ore flow. The loosen-ing of the lower layer of the stationary zone and its recov-ery from beneath the pile may be effected, e.g. by means of that portion of the reciprocating platform which is under the outlet opening in the base of the stationary zone and which is inclined in the direction of ore flow. During the return stroke of the platform (opposite to the direction of ore flow~ its inclined portion, which functions similarly to a wedge, retracts from beneath the base of the stationary zone thus vacating the space for loosening the lower layer of the zone. During the forward stroke this loosened layer which is of the same density as the ore flow is caused to move together with the platform into the loading drift beyond the fore-end of the outlet opening where it merges with the ore flow, the top portion of the stationary zone being loosened and descending to the vacated space there-under;
Another modification of the method for mining with level breakage has been recently developed (cf V.A. Koval-enko, Improvement in Production Method for Stopping Opera-tions at Sheregeshaskaya Mine, Fig. 2 (in Russian), Gorny Zhurnal, No. 9, 1977) which is free from disadvantages of the above described modifications of the methods and com-prises a crosscut preparation of bottom with loading drifts ; accommcdating devices for release and loading of ore, using for controlling of release and secondary crushing ventilat-ing and man roads arranged in an intercrosscut pillar above the roof level of loading drifts and communicating through inclined man ways with delivery ways for an access to chokes of 1~44~3 cre therei~9 secondary ¢rushing and ~entilati~g. In this modi-~icatio~ of the method for mi~ing with mass breakage o~ ore the release and loadinæ processes are e~ected ~y means o~ one ~d the sam~ arrangement (vibratory feeder)~ One operator ca~
at the same time make the loading a~d supervise the release o~
ore and also eliminate cho~ss and e~ect secondary c.rushin~ c~
oversize ore. ~he absence oi a~ accumulating space ~or normal s~ze ore results~ howe~er~ in an increased in~luenc~ of non-uni-iorm release on the loading capacity which does not exceed than 600 t~shi~t. ~on-uni~oxmity of release depe~ds on the number o~ cho~es o~ ore in an outlet opening ~ich are formed -~rith the release o~ oversized ore~ as well as ~rith the release o~ ~ mal size ore as a result o~ mismGtch bet~ree~ the size o~ the effective cross-section o~ ~he outlet ope~i~g a~d th~ size o~
the ore ~.qhich is relsased a~ter a mass blastiDg. ~his misma'ch is the ~in disad~a~ta~e o~ all lhe kno~n methods o~ ore rele2se and it restrains the development ~f a co~ti~uous ,~roduction ~low method o~ release and load~Dg o~ ore ~rom bloc~s~
~ he possibility o~ iDcreasin~ ths size oi the e~ective cross-sectio~ o~ the outlet openi~g and matching it with t~e size o~ ore ~hich is bro~e~ at present by mass blas'ing in the underg:round mining depe~d on methcds and devices Ior release of broken ore.
~ own in the art is a gravity method of ore delivery using scrapers and scraper corlveyors. ~sing such devices blasted ore iines are removed ~rom an ore slope eætendi;lg ~rom the outlet openi~g to the ~loor o~ ~ loadi~g driit thereby cleari~g the way ~ 5 --1~441~3 for an ore flow. The height of the flow at the narrowest point at the fore-end of the outlet opening ranges from 0.7 to 0.9 m. In this case maximum size of ore released without choke does not exceed 300-400 mm which is three times smaller than normal size of ore that can be handled by modern under-ground crushers. As a result a large number of chokes are formed - up to 16-20 - per 1000 tons of released ore. The base for the formation of choke archings is provided by a stationary zone of ore which restricts the size of effective cross-section of the outlet opening. The main disadvantage of the gravity ore release method resides in that with the lateral arrangement of delivery drifts relative to a scrap-ing race the equipment employed for the mechanization of release cannot influence this stationary zone. Therefore, all unstable chokes should be removed manually by shovelling thus lowering the output at the delivery and creating haz-ardous situations when a miner approaches chokes.
Recently the gravity method of ore release is being replaced by a semiactive method of release using self-pro-pelled loading and haulage vehicles, various feeders and other release arrangements enabling end-face recovery of ore from release drifts. As differed from the gravity delivery, the process of ore outflow from the outlet opening in this delivery method is of a double nature.
Before chokes are formed the ore flow behaves as in the case of the gravity release method. As the ore slope extending from under the fore-end of the outlet opening and located under the protection of a haulage drift roof is being retracted the out-11441(~3 let opening is opened and the ore ~lo~ tends to move thereto ata point of t~e lowest res.istanoe~ adjacent to the ~ore-end o~
the outlet openingO ~he stationary ore zone~ similarly to the gravity met~od~ constitutes a nbedl' ~or the ore ~lo~ and rest-ricts and size o~ the ei~ectiYe cross-section o~ the outlet opening.
After an cho~e is ~ormed the statio~ary zone is exposed and ~ay be acted upon by mechanical devices. During this period o~ active w~ king on the stationary zone unstable chokes are remo~ed~ and the size of released ore is two times larger - up to 600-8CG mm (o~ling to the destruction o~ that pPrt o~ the station3ry ~one .~hich is under the protection o~ choke whick is 1.5 time3 sm211er than the normal size lu~p~ So even in case of the semiactiie method t~ere is the need in a second~ry cru-shi~ o~ nor~al size ore in elimiD2tinO cho~es by blasting. 95~, o~
o~ersized ore lu~ps are crushed ~n eliminating cho~es i~ the outlet openin~.
~ here~ore~ ~he main disad~ntage o~ knorn release methods reside~ in the presence o~ a statiorary zone ~hich limits the possi~ility o~ an increase in the size o~ the ef~ecti-~e cross-section o~ the outlet opening to Latch it with the size oI ore lumps broken during u~deré;round mining. ~ismatch of the size o~
the e~Iecti~e cross-sectio~ o~ the outlet opening with the size ai released ore v.hich re3ults in choki~l~ in the outlet openi~g restrains ~urther inorease 1n the productivity OI ~osvn release methods a~d constitutes a major obstacle on ~e way to the deve-lopment o~ an automatic ~low produ~tio:rl li~2e for ore relezse ~rom blocLcs, ~144~(~3 The disadvanta~es o~ known release methods can be best illustrated with re~erence to operation o~ apparatus used f~
their realization.
In ore release by mea~s o~ lc~ders having scooping or ra~i~g operating units the amount oi penetration o~ an operating u~it into 8 pile does not exceed 1.5 m. I~ this case t~e height o~ ore ~low moving ~rom under the ~ore-e~d of the outlet opening~
as ~ith the gravity ~elease using scrapers~ does ~ot exceed 0,9 m. During this period~ be~ore choke is ~ormed~ the character o~ the ore ~lo~ movement over the stationary zone doesnot di~er from that o~ t~e gravity fl~ and the size o~ ore lu~ps releas-ed without cho~in~ does not exceed 40G ~m.
Durin~ ~he Eeriod aftsr the ~or~tio~ o~ chokes~ ~hen the statio~a~y zone beco~es exposed~ self-propelled equipment can be u ed f~r ore recovery ~r~ the statio~ary zo~e. Th~ is equal to an i~crease in tne depth oi ore recovery ~rom u~der the pile ~hus enabling an l~crea~e i~ the size o~ the e~Deotive c~oss-sectio~ o~ u~e cutlet o~eni~g znd size of released ore. nis amount Ql the ore recoYery depth ~ith the delive~y l-cing se}~-propelled equipment does not~ ho ~e~er~ e2~ceed the length o~ the base o~ ar. ore slope extending f`rom u~der the fore-end o~ the o utlet openi~g to the bo-,~om o~ a loadin~ dri~t~ Further increase in the penetration depth o~ an opera ting unit is limit;ed ~y the rOllo~
- da~ger of moving a machine u~der a chol~e;
- diIliculties o~ penetratiorl of 2n operati~g unit into a compacted ore which is behind the fore-e~d oi the outlet op~n-i~g unde~ the broken mass.
~144~3 Feeders of all types are pre~erred oompared to sel~-pro-pelled e~uipme~t ~hen usin~ the semicactive method oi release irom the viewpoint of the possibility of a safe increase in the ore recovery depth.
During the period before the iormation o~ chokes feeders ensure the ore recover~ depth equal to the length oi the base o~ an ore slope extending to the working web o~ a ~eeder ~hich is the maxi~um ore recovery depth ~or sel~-propelled equipme~t.
A~ter the ~ormation o~ an choke feeders provide further increase in the ore recovery depth beyo~d the limits o~ the fore-end o~ the outlet opening owing to ~he ore intake ~rom that pRrt oi the station3ry zone which is u~der the preotection oi tke cho'~a arching. The size o~ released ore is 1.5 times iarger comp2red to ~hat o~ released with self-propelled equip-ment a~d is as large as 0.9 ~.
~ urther incrsase in the recover7 depth and si~e o~ ore delivered by ~eeders ~s~ ~o,YeYer~ limited b~ the ollo~ g:
-when vibrator~ ~eed~rs havi~g an elastic 3ystem and directional oscillatio~s are dipped ~n excess directly beneath the stationar~ zone~ the elastic system o~ a vibrato~ platiorm is jammed thus c2u3inO an intensive reduction oi vibrator~
power to~7ards the ~ammed end;
- ieeders ~ithout an elastio 3ystem having a ~le2ible vibratory platL ~ m are not ~ensitive to an e~cessive dippi~g~
but ~ith these ~eeders oscillations oi the vibratory platiorm are damped in the direction ~rom ~ vibrator to the stationary zo~e;
_ ~ _ 114~ 3 - feeders G~ the ~ype of conveyors wi.th en~.less belt are capab~e o~ 4ransmitting a $orce over a certain distance for the ~estruction o~ the statio~ry zone. As ~he depth o~ pe~e-tration of the operating u~it into the stationary zone i~crea-ses the head oi the stationary zone ac~ing on the ore flo~ be-comes stronger ~hich is accompa~ied by a decrease in the thickness o~ ore flow~ a~d ~Ihen the ~reb is dipped 1.5-2 m behind ~he ~ore-end o~ the outlet opening~ the ore flo~ is completely constructed and s4opped.
In accordance with technolo~ical capabilities of known feeders~ it is Oen~rally reco~mended to dip the operating unit of a feeder d~ ectly under the broken mass (behind ~he fore-e~d o~ the Gutle-4 op2~ing) ma~imum at 1 m. ~aximum height of the ore fl~w at the ~arr~7est adaace~t to the Dore-end of the outlet o~en-i~g does ~ot ~xcaed 1.5 m a~d ~a~imum si~e of ore lunps released without choki.~ is 1 m.
~ he main object of t~e in~ention is to ~mprove the method for ur~eground ~or~-n~ Qf o~e dèposit3 by modi~yiDg the pro uc-tion sequ_nce of 'he release and loadin~ process by transfer~ g secolldary crusniDg opel~ations fr the delivery driIts to ~u7age crosscut in ventilati~e, and ma~ roads.
A~other ob~ect o~ the i~vPniiio~ is to pro~ide ~or ore deli-very without choking by elimi~ti~g the stationary zone which 1 imits the size oi the e~Iective cross-section o~ the outlet openin~.
Still another object o~ the i~vention is to provide a sy.stem Ior the real~zation o~ the above-described release method~ which is capa ble OI reliably opera ting under heavy conditions under a heap o~ oreO
These and other objects are accomplished by that i~ a method ~or under~round working o~ ore deposits comprising dri~ing minir~ galleries~ blasti~g~ conducting deli~ery and loadin~ of ore to haulage vehicles~ accordi~g to the invention~ an ore ~low in the zone o~ an outlet opening is divided by a ~ertical plane into at least t~o p2rts a~d is caused to s~ing transver-sely with respect to the direction o~ cre ~lol~ by alterr~tely changing ore density in the part3 o~ the ~1~Y~ oYersized lumps o~ ore delivered into the loading drift be~ng tra~s~erred alo~g a ramp by-pas3i~ haulage vehicles t-o vantilating and man roads which a~e arranged at the leYel of bottom o~ haulage crosscuts a~d co~nected ~hereto at points opposite to ~ke load-ing dri~ts~
The obaects are also accomplished b~ an apparatus ~o.r ~he realizatio~ o~ 2ethod~ com~rising a .~ra~e on .~,hich is instal-led by m~ans o- suppor~ members a plati~r~ ~or rec~ivi~3 ore ~ ~
Jrom th2 outlet openi~g~ and a dri-~e or ~partin~ ~eciprocatiG~s to the plat~orm relst~ve *o the ~ra~ne~ 77herein~ accordi~g to the i~ention~ tha .vorking sur~ace oD the platfc~m is made o~
three ri~idl~- intercon~ec~cd portions~the end portions e~tending in parallel with the direc~ion of reciprocations o the plat~orm and being arranged at di~erent levels~ and the central portion oi the platfcrm being inclined in the direction o~ ore ~low.
~ he support members o~ the apparatus pre~erably comprise rolls with t~o flanges a~d three contact surfaces~ 2nd the ~ree end o~ t~e top portion o~ the p7at~orm is provided with a rigid-ly se¢ur~d plate a~d 3 horizontal landi~g integral with the 1~44~L~33frame o~ the apparatus is arranged over the plate~
The invention m3tæ~ ~11y resides in the ~ollo~7ing.
~ he method ~or underOround workin~ ffl ore deposite accord-ing to the invention is based on a continuous production ~ro-cess o~ release o~ ore from blasted mass to haulage vehicles.
Co~tinuous process oL release is ensured by elimin2ting the stationary zone limiting the e~ective cross-section o~
the outlet opening so that the size o~ the effective cross-sec tion should be matched ~Jith the size ffl ore broken by a m~ss blasting durin~ underground mining.
Di~ficulties in increasing the size o~ the e~ectiYe cross-section o~ the outlet opening reside in that~ during the release ore passes at the point o~ the lo-,7est resistance and ~or~s a ~lo~ at the ~ore-end o~ the outlet opening. The remaining ~ass oi or~ ~hich is beneath the ~10~.7 re~ains stationary and ~orms a nbed~ ~or 'he ore ~lo-~. Ore ~in~s in the ~10~,7 Lall bet"een the ;umps of the or~ n bed~' to ~ill the ~ree space therebe4~,~;een so t~at density o~ ore in the stationar~ zone increases to such an e~ent that it cannot rracti~ally ~e ~estructed by any mecha-nioal equip$ent em~loyed ~or delivery and is to be blo~7n-up by pressure char~es in eliminating chokes ~he~ the stationary zone is expose~ ter the stationar~ zone is dest-ucted~ the pro-cess ~ its ~ormation and compaction is repeated.
We have conducted e~perime~tal studies and ~ound that:
1. iormation o~ a station~y,zone begins simul,~neously with the ~ormation o~ an ore ~lo~ and the process o~ oompaction o~ ore ~n this zo~e starts ~rom the lower layers and co~tinues as 1~44~3 ore fines fill the space between ore lumps to the level of a boundary separating the stationary zone from the ore flow;
2. the process of ore compaction in the stationary zone may be prevented by loosening the lower layer of the sta-tionary zone with subsequent recovery thereof with ore fines that get to this layer from the ore flow. The loosen-ing of the lower layer of the stationary zone and its recov-ery from beneath the pile may be effected, e.g. by means of that portion of the reciprocating platform which is under the outlet opening in the base of the stationary zone and which is inclined in the direction of ore flow. During the return stroke of the platform (opposite to the direction of ore flow~ its inclined portion, which functions similarly to a wedge, retracts from beneath the base of the stationary zone thus vacating the space for loosening the lower layer of the zone. During the forward stroke this loosened layer which is of the same density as the ore flow is caused to move together with the platform into the loading drift beyond the fore-end of the outlet opening where it merges with the ore flow, the top portion of the stationary zone being loosened and descending to the vacated space there-under;
3. the formation of the stationary zone may be prevent-ed before it is compacted by dividing the ore flow by a vertical plane in the zone of the outlet opening and by swinging the ore flow transversely with respect to the flow direction by alternately changing ore density in the por-tions of the flow. The process of swinging of the ore flow and prevention of the formation of the stationary zone may be effected, e.g. by , 1144~ ~3 impartin~ reciprocations to the plat~orm. ~.~ihen the plat~Qrm moves for~iard ~in the d~ection o~ ~re ~lo~) a column of ore ~hich is on the plat~orm is shor~ o~f at the $ore-end leYel of the outlet openlng sO that ore is oompacted in ~he front end portio~ o~ the outlet opening by a fo~ce ~hich is equal to the ~orce sheari~g ~he ore colum~the ore ~ the rear end portion of the outlet opening being loosened owing to the comp~ction of ore in the ~ront end portion~ a~d the ore ~10~7 iS ~ormed owing to the descen~ o~ de~ser layer o~ o~erlyi~g ore to this loosened zone. ~;~hen the plat~orm moves rear~ard Qre is comp2cted in the rear end portio~ o~ the outlet opening by a force ~hich is equal to the ~orce of cohesion of ore to the platf~rm sur-face~ and ore is loosened in the front end ~ortion oi ,he out-let opening~ vlherea~ter the incli~ed pGrtion o~ the pl~ ~orrn }o~ers a batch of ore in the looseneà ~art of the ,lo~ at the fore-end of the outlet openi~g. By continuousl~ ~epeatin~ the cha~ge in ore densit~ in t~e ~ront end and resr end portions of the outlet ope~ and by alternatcl~ releasing cre in these partio~s the 02e floll7 i- oaused to s7~i~g trsns~ersel;y ~7ith respect to the ~low directio~ thereDy preve~tiDg the ~or~ation of a statio~ar~ zoneO Ore uni~orrlly descends over tha ~hole dipped portion o~ t~epperating unit and the depth of ore recovery fro~ the ore pile is equal to the depth o~ penetration o~ the operatin~ unit o~ the apparatus so that new oppoxtunities are provided ~cr an increase in the size o~ the e~ective cross-sec-tion o~ the outle~ opening and ~or matohirg it with the size o~
ore broke~ in undérground min ng at present.
11441~3 Co~tinuou~ flo~ process o~ delivery and loading isenabled ~y modi~ying the production sequence o~ deliYery an~
loading by transferring secondary crushing operations to the last stage a~ter ore loading so that continuous loading and independe~ce o~ the lc2ding process of the yie~d o~ over-sized ore are ensured. O~ersized lumps deliYered to the load-ing orift are separated from the ore ~lo~ ithout interrupting the loe ding process and are translerred along a ramp to ven-tilati~ and ~a~ roads by-passing haulage vehicles~ ~here they are subjected to secondar~ crushing with removal oP crushed ore 2fter loadingO
I~dependence of secondary crushing of oversized lumps and remo~al o~ cr~shed lumps are enabled by chaging the arrangement of ventilati~g ana ~an roads dri~-en at t.e le~el of h~-ulage crosscuts and conr~ected thereto at points opposite to the loadi~g drii~s.
A di~ficultJ in operation oi ~pparatus ~or delive~y ~.hich enable an increase in the ef~ecti~e cross-section o~ the out-let opening to a size correspondin~ to the size o~ deli~ered ore mainly resides in that as the depth of penetration o~
a operating unit of the app2ratu~ into the pile increases the aocess is restri~ed for adjustment and lubrication o~ the plat~orm rolling supports and for remo~al of ore fines spilled through the spaoe bet~een the frame and the movsble platicrm in the rear end portio~ thereof ~hich is deep in the ore pile.
~ n order to eliminate the need to adjust and lubricate ~he rolling supports~ they oomprise rolls with t~o ~laDges and three contact sur~aces pro~iding ior a permanent contact 1~4~1~3 with upper and lower tracks upon misalig~m~nt o~ the plat~orm~
To eliminate spillage of ore ~ines through the space between the ~rame and the movable pla tf orm at the rear e~d portion thereo~ which is deep in the ore pile~ a plate is rigidl~
secured to the free end o~ the top portion of the platform~ a~d a horizontal landing integral with the ~rame o~ the apparatus is provided o-Jer the plate, ~ var~ing depth pocket is thus defined in ~hich the rear wall is formed ~/ the plate secured to the end of the plat~orm and moving tnere.vith. During the return stroke o~ the platform the pocket depth increases at a rate eaual to the ra~e o~ ore încome into the pocket so that the ore can~ot re2ch the space which is in the upper po.tion o~ the pocket bet~en the re~r wall OL the pocket and the horizontal la~diDg~
The use o~ the method ~ u~derground ~orkin~ of cre deposit~ acoording to the invention e~abli~ ~ continuous ~LO-~7 oi release a~d loadin~ o~ ore ~rom the blasted mass to ~aula~e vehicles enables:
1. ~ouxfold inc~ease in the throu~hpu$ capacity o~ a loac-ing station (crosscut) up to 250Q t/shift;
2. two-three~old increase i~ size o~ ore released v~itkout chokin~ up to 180G-2400 ~m;
3. two-three~old reduction o~ time ~or the preparation stopin~ blscks b~ reducing the ~olume o~ blasthole operations owing to an increase in ore lump 3ize;
ore broke~ in undérground min ng at present.
11441~3 Co~tinuou~ flo~ process o~ delivery and loading isenabled ~y modi~ying the production sequence o~ deliYery an~
loading by transferring secondary crushing operations to the last stage a~ter ore loading so that continuous loading and independe~ce o~ the lc2ding process of the yie~d o~ over-sized ore are ensured. O~ersized lumps deliYered to the load-ing orift are separated from the ore ~lo~ ithout interrupting the loe ding process and are translerred along a ramp to ven-tilati~ and ~a~ roads by-passing haulage vehicles~ ~here they are subjected to secondar~ crushing with removal oP crushed ore 2fter loadingO
I~dependence of secondary crushing of oversized lumps and remo~al o~ cr~shed lumps are enabled by chaging the arrangement of ventilati~g ana ~an roads dri~-en at t.e le~el of h~-ulage crosscuts and conr~ected thereto at points opposite to the loadi~g drii~s.
A di~ficultJ in operation oi ~pparatus ~or delive~y ~.hich enable an increase in the ef~ecti~e cross-section o~ the out-let opening to a size correspondin~ to the size o~ deli~ered ore mainly resides in that as the depth of penetration o~
a operating unit of the app2ratu~ into the pile increases the aocess is restri~ed for adjustment and lubrication o~ the plat~orm rolling supports and for remo~al of ore fines spilled through the spaoe bet~een the frame and the movsble platicrm in the rear end portio~ thereof ~hich is deep in the ore pile.
~ n order to eliminate the need to adjust and lubricate ~he rolling supports~ they oomprise rolls with t~o ~laDges and three contact sur~aces pro~iding ior a permanent contact 1~4~1~3 with upper and lower tracks upon misalig~m~nt o~ the plat~orm~
To eliminate spillage of ore ~ines through the space between the ~rame and the movable pla tf orm at the rear e~d portion thereo~ which is deep in the ore pile~ a plate is rigidl~
secured to the free end o~ the top portion of the platform~ a~d a horizontal landing integral with the ~rame o~ the apparatus is provided o-Jer the plate, ~ var~ing depth pocket is thus defined in ~hich the rear wall is formed ~/ the plate secured to the end of the plat~orm and moving tnere.vith. During the return stroke o~ the platform the pocket depth increases at a rate eaual to the ra~e o~ ore încome into the pocket so that the ore can~ot re2ch the space which is in the upper po.tion o~ the pocket bet~en the re~r wall OL the pocket and the horizontal la~diDg~
The use o~ the method ~ u~derground ~orkin~ of cre deposit~ acoording to the invention e~abli~ ~ continuous ~LO-~7 oi release a~d loadin~ o~ ore ~rom the blasted mass to ~aula~e vehicles enables:
1. ~ouxfold inc~ease in the throu~hpu$ capacity o~ a loac-ing station (crosscut) up to 250Q t/shift;
2. two-three~old increase i~ size o~ ore released v~itkout chokin~ up to 180G-2400 ~m;
3. two-three~old reduction o~ time ~or the preparation stopin~ blscks b~ reducing the ~olume o~ blasthole operations owing to an increase in ore lump 3ize;
4~, 1.5 times reduction o~ speci~ic consumption o~ explosive ior primsry breakage owi~g to enlarged spaci~g o~ blastholes ~1441~3 and reduction oi ~peci~ic consumption o~ e~plos~Ye ~or secon-dary crushing owing ~.o 16-20 ti~es reduction OI the number oi cho~es in the outlet openingO
5. an increase in the ore loading per~ormance per one outlet openi~g up to the level oi throughput capacity of an ore chute to which normal size ore is transferred ~rom 5-6 sublevels using self-pro~elled haulage equipment;
6. two-threefold reduction of losses and contamination ore ~y providing the possibility oi ~orming a mine cre flo~;
at the delivery pace without detrimental e~ects at the haulage level o.ring to an increa3ed throughput capacity o~ the lc2din~
station (ons outlet opening) ~hioh is up to the level of the throughput ca~acity oi the loading station ~crosscut) ha~ing ?0-15 loading poi~ts.
at the delivery pace without detrimental e~ects at the haulage level o.ring to an increa3ed throughput capacity o~ the lc2din~
station (ons outlet opening) ~hioh is up to the level of the throughput ca~acity oi the loading station ~crosscut) ha~ing ?0-15 loading poi~ts.
7. 3impli~ied structure of block bottom and 1.5 ti~es shorte~ time ,or its ~re~aration ow~ng to the arra~e~ent o~
7entilati~g and man roads at the haulage level so that sel~-propelled equip~ent can be ef~icien~ J used~
7entilati~g and man roads at the haulage level so that sel~-propelled equip~ent can be ef~icien~ J used~
8. eight-tenfold reduction of time ~or the ~re~aration ior drilling anà blasting o~erations o~ing to the use 0v ven-; tilatin~ and man roads (together with the haulage cro~scut3) at a drilling level.
9. tv70-three iold reduotion o~ time ~or opening and prepa-ration o~ levels by increasing the height oi the level owing to an increase in the throughput capacit~ of haulage levels and reduced number thereo~ wh~ch is required for obtaining a pre-set output o~ a mine~
li44~C~3 1O. safety o~ most di~icult process of ore delivery from blocks owing to the tra~s~er of secondary crushi~g operations ~rom the delivery drilts to the haulage le~el in ~entilating and man roads.
Other ob;ects and advantages o~ the invention ui71 become more apparent ~rom tha ~ollowing de~cription o~ an embodiment o~ the method according to the iDvention.
Better understanding o~ the in~ention may be had from the description which follows with re~erence to the accompanying dra~3vings ~ in which:
~ igure 1 is a longitudinal section o~ an ore body;
Figure 2 is a plan vie~v o~ a haulage le~el;
~ igure 3 is a dia~rammatic view showing separation o~
o~er~ized lumps ~ro~ an ore flow a~d tnei~ ~ransfer to ventilat-lsg and ~an roads;
~ lgure 4 is a longitudinal se^tion o~ an outlet opening and an apparatu3 Jor ~arr~i~g out 'he met~od sho~ at the moment be~oro o~e delivery starts;
~ gure 5 is the same view as that sho~vn in Figure 4 at the mo~ent o~ loose~in~ o~ t~e rear end part of the ore ~lo~.
a~d co~paction o~ the ~ron~ end part thereo~;
~ i,,ure 6 is the same vie~ as shown in Figure 4 but shown at the moment o~ loosening o~ the ~ront end portion o~ the ore ~low and compaction o~ the rear end portion thereo~;
~ igure 7 is a transverse se¢tion o~ the ap~aratus across support members;
~ igure 8 shows the position oi a support member at the moment o~ misalignment o~ the plat~orm.
~ - 18 -1144~ ~3 An apparatus for carrying out the method comprises a frame 1 on which by means of support members 2 is installed a platform 3 for receiving ore fed from an outlet opening, and a drive 4 imparting to the platform 3 reciprocations relative to the frame 1. The platform 3 consists of three rigidly interconnected portions "a", "b" and "c". Two end portions "a" and "c" of the platform 3 extend in parallel with the plane of its movement and are arranged at different levels, and the central portion "b" is inclined in the di-rection of ore flow. The support members 2 of the platform3 comprise rolls having two flanges 5 and three contact surfaces 6. The free end of the portion "a" of the platform 3 is provided with a rigidly secured plate 7 which prevents spillage of ore fines. A horizontal landing 8 integral with the frame 1 is arranged over the plate 7. The apparatus is installed under an outlet opening having a fore-end. The outlet opening is connected by means of a loading drift 9 to a crosscut 10 in ~hich there are haulage vehicles 11.
Conventional cars are used as haulage vehicles 11. At the opposite end of the crosscut 10, opposite to the loading drift 9, is provided a ventilating and man road 12. Ore flow in the zone of the outlet opening is divided conven-tionally into two parts "d" and "e". Ore compaction zones in these parts are drawn darker (Figures 4, 5, ~). The ore flow passing through the outlet opening contains normal size ore lumps 13 and oversized ore lumps 14. A screen 15 and a ramp 16 are provided over the haulage vehicles 11 for feeding oversized ore lumps 14 to the ventilating and man roads 12.
The ore deposit is worked in the following manner.
Various -- 1~ --~144~3 galleries are made in the ore body~ such as the haulage cross-cut 109 loading drifts 9 and ~entilating and man roads 12 ~hich are dr1ven at the leYel of the crosseut 10 and sonnected thereto at points opposite ~o the_loadin~ drifts 90 Ore is brok~ and delivered through the outlet opening into the l~ad-ing driit 9 in which there is installed the apparatus for loading the bro~en mass o~ ore. The ore ~lows under gravity to the plat~rm 3 o~ the apparatus. The inclined portion ~lb~
o~ the platform 3 C03paCtS the ore in the ~ront e~d portion n en o~ the ore flo~,7 orJing to the ~orward movement o~ the plat-iorm 3 under the action o~ the drive 10 to~Jard the haulage crosscut 1~0.~7hen the inclined portion "b" of the plat~or~ 3 moYes from the position sho~n in ~igure 4 into the positio~ shOr,~
in FiOure 5~ a column o~ ore Ihich is on the portion ~b1' is shorn of~ at the ~ore-e~d level so that a compacted layer of ore is ~ormed at the iore-end (Figure 5).~urther movement of the portion ~ o~ the plat~orm 3 to~ard the haulage crosscllt 10 enables the ~rans er of a batch o~ ore from u~der the co~pzcted layer to~he hauiage tehicles 11~ aDd additio~al lo~2rin~ æ
density occurs at the same tlm~ in the rear end portion ndn oi the ore ~low and the ore descends on the rear e~d partion ~a o~ the platform 3.
~ y moving the plat~orm 3 by means o~ the dri~e 4 in t~e opposite direc~ion lo ering o~ de~sit~ in the front end portion nen o~ the ore ~low is ensured o~ing to an increase in densit~
~n the rear erd EQrtion ndl~ and then a batch o~ ore in less comp~cted portio~ llel~ o~ the ore flo~ descends by means of the inclined portion ~b~ o~ the plat~o~m 3.
~44~3 By movin~ the plat~orm 3 4y means of the dri~a 4 in theopposi-te direct~on loi.exing of density i~ the ~ront end portion nen 0~ the ere ~10',7 is ensured owing to an increase in densit~
in the rear end portion ~dn a~d then a batch o~ ore in less compacted portion "en o~ the ore ~low descends by means o~
the inclined portion ~b" o~ the plat~orm 3.
When reciprocations are imparted to the plat~orm 3 the support rolls 2 roll over and engage ~ith their sur~aces 6 tracks oi the platiorm 3 and ~rame 1. ~rotruding ~langes 5 o~
the rolls 2 prevent the plat~orm 3 ~rom displacing laterall~
w~th respect to the direction o~ its movement. I~ case the plat~orm 3 is misaligned under the action o~ the ore mass~
the support member 2 chan~es its position a~d ensures 3 per~anent cont~ct with tracks o~ the pla~orm 3 ~igure 8).
Spill~Oe o~ ore through the space bet7een the horizo~tal landi~O 8 and ~he plate 7 o~ the plat~orm is prevented o~i~g to the ~act that ~he horizontal la~ding 8 and thepplate 7 o~ the platiorm 3 de~ine 3 ~ar~ing depth pocket. ~Yhen the ~lat~orm 3 move~ ~or.7~rd to.~ard the haulage crosscut 10 the space bet~een the hor onta1 landing 8 and +~e plate 7 does not reach the ore being con~eyed. Duri~g the return stroke oi the plat~orm 3 the core is stationary a~d the plat~orm slides away ~rom beneath the ore. Only that portion o~ the ore .~hich is ~ithin the poc~et is moved by the platform 3. ~he ore cannot reach the space as the depth oi the pocket increases at a rate equal to the rate o~ cre lnoome to the pocket. ~y continuous7y repeating the steps o~
changi~g density o~ the o~e ~low i~ the portions ndn and ~en 114~ ~3 the ore flow is caused to swing transversely with respect to the direction of ore flow. The normal size ore lumps 13 are loaded into the haulage vehicles 11 through the screen 15 having a mesh size corresponding to the normal size lump, and the oversized ore lumps 14 that do not pass through the screen 15 roll down along the ramp 16 to ventilating and man roads 12. Separation of oversized ore lumps 14 from the ore flow and their transfer to the ventilating and man roads 12 occur without any interruption of the loading process, and secondary crushing and removal of crushed ore are made at any time convenient for such operations.
These operations enable more efficient release of ore which ensures, as differed from known methods, an increase in the size of the effective cross-section of the outlet opening and bring it in consistence with the size of ore broken in the underground mining conditions. The method is preferably carried out using the above-described apparatus, and the geometrical, and kinematic parameters of the appar-atus should be necessarily matched with the parameters ofthe delivery process.
li44~C~3 1O. safety o~ most di~icult process of ore delivery from blocks owing to the tra~s~er of secondary crushi~g operations ~rom the delivery drilts to the haulage le~el in ~entilating and man roads.
Other ob;ects and advantages o~ the invention ui71 become more apparent ~rom tha ~ollowing de~cription o~ an embodiment o~ the method according to the iDvention.
Better understanding o~ the in~ention may be had from the description which follows with re~erence to the accompanying dra~3vings ~ in which:
~ igure 1 is a longitudinal section o~ an ore body;
Figure 2 is a plan vie~v o~ a haulage le~el;
~ igure 3 is a dia~rammatic view showing separation o~
o~er~ized lumps ~ro~ an ore flow a~d tnei~ ~ransfer to ventilat-lsg and ~an roads;
~ lgure 4 is a longitudinal se^tion o~ an outlet opening and an apparatu3 Jor ~arr~i~g out 'he met~od sho~ at the moment be~oro o~e delivery starts;
~ gure 5 is the same view as that sho~vn in Figure 4 at the mo~ent o~ loose~in~ o~ t~e rear end part of the ore ~lo~.
a~d co~paction o~ the ~ron~ end part thereo~;
~ i,,ure 6 is the same vie~ as shown in Figure 4 but shown at the moment o~ loosening o~ the ~ront end portion o~ the ore ~low and compaction o~ the rear end portion thereo~;
~ igure 7 is a transverse se¢tion o~ the ap~aratus across support members;
~ igure 8 shows the position oi a support member at the moment o~ misalignment o~ the plat~orm.
~ - 18 -1144~ ~3 An apparatus for carrying out the method comprises a frame 1 on which by means of support members 2 is installed a platform 3 for receiving ore fed from an outlet opening, and a drive 4 imparting to the platform 3 reciprocations relative to the frame 1. The platform 3 consists of three rigidly interconnected portions "a", "b" and "c". Two end portions "a" and "c" of the platform 3 extend in parallel with the plane of its movement and are arranged at different levels, and the central portion "b" is inclined in the di-rection of ore flow. The support members 2 of the platform3 comprise rolls having two flanges 5 and three contact surfaces 6. The free end of the portion "a" of the platform 3 is provided with a rigidly secured plate 7 which prevents spillage of ore fines. A horizontal landing 8 integral with the frame 1 is arranged over the plate 7. The apparatus is installed under an outlet opening having a fore-end. The outlet opening is connected by means of a loading drift 9 to a crosscut 10 in ~hich there are haulage vehicles 11.
Conventional cars are used as haulage vehicles 11. At the opposite end of the crosscut 10, opposite to the loading drift 9, is provided a ventilating and man road 12. Ore flow in the zone of the outlet opening is divided conven-tionally into two parts "d" and "e". Ore compaction zones in these parts are drawn darker (Figures 4, 5, ~). The ore flow passing through the outlet opening contains normal size ore lumps 13 and oversized ore lumps 14. A screen 15 and a ramp 16 are provided over the haulage vehicles 11 for feeding oversized ore lumps 14 to the ventilating and man roads 12.
The ore deposit is worked in the following manner.
Various -- 1~ --~144~3 galleries are made in the ore body~ such as the haulage cross-cut 109 loading drifts 9 and ~entilating and man roads 12 ~hich are dr1ven at the leYel of the crosseut 10 and sonnected thereto at points opposite ~o the_loadin~ drifts 90 Ore is brok~ and delivered through the outlet opening into the l~ad-ing driit 9 in which there is installed the apparatus for loading the bro~en mass o~ ore. The ore ~lows under gravity to the plat~rm 3 o~ the apparatus. The inclined portion ~lb~
o~ the platform 3 C03paCtS the ore in the ~ront e~d portion n en o~ the ore flo~,7 orJing to the ~orward movement o~ the plat-iorm 3 under the action o~ the drive 10 to~Jard the haulage crosscut 1~0.~7hen the inclined portion "b" of the plat~or~ 3 moYes from the position sho~n in ~igure 4 into the positio~ shOr,~
in FiOure 5~ a column o~ ore Ihich is on the portion ~b1' is shorn of~ at the ~ore-e~d level so that a compacted layer of ore is ~ormed at the iore-end (Figure 5).~urther movement of the portion ~ o~ the plat~orm 3 to~ard the haulage crosscllt 10 enables the ~rans er of a batch o~ ore from u~der the co~pzcted layer to~he hauiage tehicles 11~ aDd additio~al lo~2rin~ æ
density occurs at the same tlm~ in the rear end portion ndn oi the ore ~low and the ore descends on the rear e~d partion ~a o~ the platform 3.
~ y moving the plat~orm 3 by means o~ the dri~e 4 in t~e opposite direc~ion lo ering o~ de~sit~ in the front end portion nen o~ the ore ~low is ensured o~ing to an increase in densit~
~n the rear erd EQrtion ndl~ and then a batch o~ ore in less comp~cted portio~ llel~ o~ the ore flo~ descends by means of the inclined portion ~b~ o~ the plat~o~m 3.
~44~3 By movin~ the plat~orm 3 4y means of the dri~a 4 in theopposi-te direct~on loi.exing of density i~ the ~ront end portion nen 0~ the ere ~10',7 is ensured owing to an increase in densit~
in the rear end portion ~dn a~d then a batch o~ ore in less compacted portion "en o~ the ore ~low descends by means o~
the inclined portion ~b" o~ the plat~orm 3.
When reciprocations are imparted to the plat~orm 3 the support rolls 2 roll over and engage ~ith their sur~aces 6 tracks oi the platiorm 3 and ~rame 1. ~rotruding ~langes 5 o~
the rolls 2 prevent the plat~orm 3 ~rom displacing laterall~
w~th respect to the direction o~ its movement. I~ case the plat~orm 3 is misaligned under the action o~ the ore mass~
the support member 2 chan~es its position a~d ensures 3 per~anent cont~ct with tracks o~ the pla~orm 3 ~igure 8).
Spill~Oe o~ ore through the space bet7een the horizo~tal landi~O 8 and ~he plate 7 o~ the plat~orm is prevented o~i~g to the ~act that ~he horizontal la~ding 8 and thepplate 7 o~ the platiorm 3 de~ine 3 ~ar~ing depth pocket. ~Yhen the ~lat~orm 3 move~ ~or.7~rd to.~ard the haulage crosscut 10 the space bet~een the hor onta1 landing 8 and +~e plate 7 does not reach the ore being con~eyed. Duri~g the return stroke oi the plat~orm 3 the core is stationary a~d the plat~orm slides away ~rom beneath the ore. Only that portion o~ the ore .~hich is ~ithin the poc~et is moved by the platform 3. ~he ore cannot reach the space as the depth oi the pocket increases at a rate equal to the rate o~ cre lnoome to the pocket. ~y continuous7y repeating the steps o~
changi~g density o~ the o~e ~low i~ the portions ndn and ~en 114~ ~3 the ore flow is caused to swing transversely with respect to the direction of ore flow. The normal size ore lumps 13 are loaded into the haulage vehicles 11 through the screen 15 having a mesh size corresponding to the normal size lump, and the oversized ore lumps 14 that do not pass through the screen 15 roll down along the ramp 16 to ventilating and man roads 12. Separation of oversized ore lumps 14 from the ore flow and their transfer to the ventilating and man roads 12 occur without any interruption of the loading process, and secondary crushing and removal of crushed ore are made at any time convenient for such operations.
These operations enable more efficient release of ore which ensures, as differed from known methods, an increase in the size of the effective cross-section of the outlet opening and bring it in consistence with the size of ore broken in the underground mining conditions. The method is preferably carried out using the above-described apparatus, and the geometrical, and kinematic parameters of the appar-atus should be necessarily matched with the parameters ofthe delivery process.
Claims (4)
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. A method for underground working of ore deposits, com-prising driving galleries, blasting, releasing the ore and loading the ore into haulage vehicles, the ore being released in the zone of an outlet opening in at least two adjacent flows and alternately compacted and loosened, the loosening of the ore in one flow being effected by compacting it in the other flow, oversized lumps of ore, which are released into a loading drift being transferred along a ramp bypassing the haulage vehicles to ventilating and man roads, which are arranged at the floor level of the haulage cross-cuts and connected there-to at points opposite to the loading drifts.
2. An apparatus for use in the underground working of ore deposits, comprising a frame, a platform supported thereon by support members to receive ore flowing out of an outlet opening, and drive means adapted to cause said platform to re-ciprocate relative to the frame, a working surface of the platform comprising three rigidly interconnected portions in-cluding end portions disposed parallel to the direction of movement of the platform, at different levels, and a central portion inclined in the direction of the ore flow.
3. An apparatus according to claim 2, wherein said support members of the platform comprise rolls having two flanges and three contact surfaces.
4. An apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the free end of the top portion of the platform is provided with a plate and a horizontal landing integral with the frame of the appar-atus is provided over the plate.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| SU2765934 | 1979-05-16 | ||
| SU792765934A SU922282A1 (en) | 1979-05-16 | 1979-05-16 | Ore supply method |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1144103A true CA1144103A (en) | 1983-04-05 |
Family
ID=20827590
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000351338A Expired CA1144103A (en) | 1979-05-16 | 1980-05-06 | Method and apparatus for underground working of ore deposits |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1144103A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3018507C2 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2456834A1 (en) |
| SU (1) | SU922282A1 (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114396280A (en) * | 2022-01-27 | 2022-04-26 | 中钢集团马鞍山矿山研究总院股份有限公司 | Underground structure arrangement mode for mining by adopting segmented open stope method and staged open stope method in sequence |
| CN114396281A (en) * | 2022-01-27 | 2022-04-26 | 中钢集团马鞍山矿山研究总院股份有限公司 | Underground mine combined mining method |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112849790B (en) * | 2020-12-31 | 2022-08-02 | 四川发展天瑞矿业有限公司 | Mechanical bin cleaning device special for ore bin and bin cleaning method |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE492054C (en) * | 1926-11-23 | 1930-02-17 | Hugo Evertsbusch | Schuettelchutsche for dismantling underground with a sieve device arranged on its spout |
| FR827534A (en) * | 1937-01-13 | 1938-04-28 | Prep Ind Combustibles | Loading device in sedans for mines |
| FR1452017A (en) * | 1965-03-02 | 1966-09-02 | Method and device for loading ore |
-
1979
- 1979-05-16 SU SU792765934A patent/SU922282A1/en active
-
1980
- 1980-05-06 CA CA000351338A patent/CA1144103A/en not_active Expired
- 1980-05-14 FR FR8010931A patent/FR2456834A1/en active Granted
- 1980-05-14 DE DE19803018507 patent/DE3018507C2/en not_active Expired
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114396280A (en) * | 2022-01-27 | 2022-04-26 | 中钢集团马鞍山矿山研究总院股份有限公司 | Underground structure arrangement mode for mining by adopting segmented open stope method and staged open stope method in sequence |
| CN114396281A (en) * | 2022-01-27 | 2022-04-26 | 中钢集团马鞍山矿山研究总院股份有限公司 | Underground mine combined mining method |
| CN114396280B (en) * | 2022-01-27 | 2022-10-28 | 中钢集团马鞍山矿山研究总院股份有限公司 | Underground structure arrangement mode for mining by adopting segmented open stope method and staged open stope method in sequence |
| CN114396281B (en) * | 2022-01-27 | 2022-10-28 | 中钢集团马鞍山矿山研究总院股份有限公司 | Underground mine combined mining method |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2456834B1 (en) | 1983-07-18 |
| SU922282A1 (en) | 1982-04-23 |
| DE3018507A1 (en) | 1980-11-27 |
| FR2456834A1 (en) | 1980-12-12 |
| DE3018507C2 (en) | 1983-09-15 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN102704975A (en) | Coal-dressing hydraulic bracket for caving coal working face | |
| CN201513178U (en) | Continuous loading operation line of half coal rock laneway in thin coal layer and coal rock loading machine thereof | |
| CN109403974A (en) | A kind of mine, which picks up, unloads pumping and fills lasting exploit design method | |
| CN105401951B (en) | The double rock gangways in colliery share discharge refuse method and system | |
| CA2653449A1 (en) | Mobile crusher unit | |
| CA1144103A (en) | Method and apparatus for underground working of ore deposits | |
| CN101670310A (en) | Dense-medium shallow-groove separating and waste-rock exhausting system used under coal mine | |
| US4377310A (en) | Method of underground working of ore deposits and handling ore | |
| CN201460939U (en) | Filling and timbering hydraulic support with a tamping mechanism | |
| CN105358254B (en) | Movable crusher system for lump material | |
| CN102704996B (en) | A kind of side dump stowage conveyer | |
| CN210152649U (en) | Coal mine mining, selecting, filling and reserving integrated mining system | |
| CN111119896A (en) | Bauxite mining method | |
| CN102430475A (en) | Mine track type dressing equipment and dressing method thereof | |
| CN101258303B (en) | Arrangement for extracting extraction products in underground extraction operations in caving | |
| CN103204386A (en) | Movable crushing car loader | |
| CN113931630B (en) | Mechanized non-waste mining method for deep metal deposit | |
| CN205400734U (en) | Metal mine chuan mai adopts four and stays one to retreat mining structure | |
| CN204552746U (en) | A kind of Ferrous metal mines surface mining production system | |
| CN100564806C (en) | The equipment of exploitation back production product in underground mining work | |
| CN217055273U (en) | Working face support arrangement combination type for processing gangue | |
| CN212202124U (en) | Broken conveying system of drop shaft | |
| CN112459833B (en) | Gangue conveying backfill system and method for laying transmission rubber belt under rail | |
| CN211920204U (en) | Open pit coal mining transportation device with classification structure | |
| CN202192025U (en) | Mine rail type preparation equipment |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |