CN101338674B - Non-pillar sublevel caving mining method for direct loading for ore - Google Patents
Non-pillar sublevel caving mining method for direct loading for ore Download PDFInfo
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- CN101338674B CN101338674B CN2008100488132A CN200810048813A CN101338674B CN 101338674 B CN101338674 B CN 101338674B CN 2008100488132 A CN2008100488132 A CN 2008100488132A CN 200810048813 A CN200810048813 A CN 200810048813A CN 101338674 B CN101338674 B CN 101338674B
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a non-pillar sublevel caving method. The non-pillar sublevel caving method which loads and transports ores directly is characterized by comprising the steps as follows: two or more dipheads are tunneled downwards at the position of an orebody near a heading side along the orebody tendency and are used as main haulageways; segmented haulageways are tunneled from the dipheads to divide the orebody into segments; a stoping drift is tunneled from the segmented haulageways; the inner end of the stoping drift is tunneled a cutting roadway and a cutting winze; a vertical upward or oblique upward cutting slot medium and deep hole is drilled at the top plate of the cutting roadway, and the cutting slot is explored and formed on the cutting winze as a free surface; a mining medium and deep hole is drilled in the whole stoping drift, and the mining medium and deep hole of the stoping drift is explored on the cutting slot as the free surface to break ores; the ores are drawn under overlying rocks at the end of the stoping drift, and the ores are loaded on a tramcar directly to be transported out; when stoping, the processed of exploring the mining medium and deep hole, ore drawing and transporting out the ores are processed in the stoping drift, and the retreating mining is circulated until the stoping drift is mined completely. The non-pillar sublevel caving mehod has low cost, high ore recovery ratio, safe production and wide application range.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to mineral resources underground mining technical field, be specifically related to a kind of bottom-column-free sectional caving stoping method.
Background technology
Bottom-column-free sectional caving stoping method from the sixties in last century after Sweden's iron ore is studied successfully, in world wide metallic ore underground mining, promote, currently in China's iron ore underground mining, account for more than 80%, have advantages such as ore recovery ratio height, mechanization degree height, technology are simple, efficient, safety.This method (as Figure 1-3) requires ore body and lower wall rock mass thereof basicly stable, so that arrange and tunnel the outer level haulageway (label 1 among Fig. 2) of arteries and veins, People's Bank of China's equipment courtyard (label 3 among Fig. 2) and ore chute (label 4 among Fig. 2-3) therein.Because the lithology of the lower wall rock mass in nonmetal depdosit such as gyittja gypsum deposit and part metals mineral deposit is weak rock mass such as mud stone, shale and siltstone, should not arrange the outer level haulageway of ore chute, People's Bank of China's equipment courtyard and arteries and veins therein.Otherwise, not only the outer level haulageway driving of ore chute, People's Bank of China's equipment courtyard and arteries and veins difficulty, application life is short, maintenance cost is high, and they collapse easily and cause the accident.By retrieval, still there is not the precedent of in weak lower wall country rock mineral deposit, using bottom-column-free sectional caving stoping method so far.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of bottom-column-free sectional caving stoping method of direct loading for ore, this mining codes cost is low, ore recovery ratio is high, production safety, applied widely.
To achieve these goals, technical scheme of the present invention is: the bottom-column-free sectional caving stoping method of direct loading for ore is characterized in that it comprises the steps:
1) when orebody thickness was 8～20m, nugget was arranged along orebody trend; When orebody thickness during greater than 20m, the vertical orebody trend of nugget is arranged;
By ground driving vertical shaft or inclined shaft, by vertical shaft or incline sinking stage haulage way, the stage haulage way communicates with vertical shaft or inclined shaft then earlier; In ore body, (reserve the thick ore river bottom protection layer of going down the hill of 0.5～1.0m) then, tunnel going down the hill of (containing 2) more than 2 downwards along the ore body tendency as main haulage drift by the stage haulage way from the thick position of lower wall rock mass 0.5～1.0m;
On vertical height, with 10～30m elevation ore body is divided into segmentation more than at least 2, each segmentation is by the segmentation haulage drift of driving of going down the hill;
2) from the perpendicular extracting drift more than at least 2 of segmentation haulage drift driving, the center to center distance of the adjacent extracting drift of same segmentation is 8～28m, the center to center distance ratio of extracting drift is the little 1～2m of height between the segmentation haulage drift up and down, and the extracting drift of segmentation is staggeredly arranged up and down;
3) in the perpendicular cutting tunnel of driving, the inner end of extracting drift, the inner end of substoping route of living in is run through in the cutting tunnel; In the cutting tunnel driving at least more than one vertically upward or the slot raise on being tilted to, slot raise connect to be gone up the base plate of segmentation haulage drift; At cutting back cutting groove medium-length hole more than Drilling at least 10 rows vertically upward or on being tilted to, every row's cutting groove medium-length hole has the cutting groove medium-length hole more than 3 at least, the hole depth of cutting groove medium-length hole is apart from the extracting drift floor elevation 0.8～1.2m of last segmentation, the pitch-row of cutting groove medium-length hole is 0.8～1.5m, and the array pitch of cutting groove medium-length hole is 0.8～1.5m;
4) from going up most a segmentation ore body,
1. be the scope of freedom with the slot raise, explosion cutting groove medium-length hole forms cutting groove, and this cutting groove should form thickness on wide, the continuous explosion of the 1.5～3.0m scope of freedom in each extracting drift inner end; After the explosion, the ore that cutting groove is produced transports 1/3rd at least;
2. the above mining medium-length hole of Drilling at least 10 row in the whole piece extracting drift, every row has 7～11 mining medium-length holes, and every row medium-length hole of digging up mine is arranged to fan-shapedly, and apart from being 1.0～2.0m, the array pitch of the medium-length hole of digging up mine is 1.0～2.5m at the bottom of the hole of mining medium-length hole;
3. with the cutting groove scope of freedom, the mining medium-length hole of each extracting drift of sequence blasting, broken ore, each explosion 1～2 row's mining medium-length hole; The work plane of each bar extracting drift back coming becomes 30 °～70 ° angle to pass;
4. ore drawing under the overlying strata of extracting drift termination transports the ore mine car of directly packing into, until cut-off grade;
5. in every extracting drift borehole blasting ore deposit that falls, then from this extracting drift ore drawing, repeat explosion fall ore deposit and ore drawing, finish until each bar extracting drift exploitation;
5) treat that a segmentation orebody mining finishes after, or go up the vertical nugget of segmentation ore body and move towards horizon mining when the exploitation of distance, the segmentation down more than 2 times of this height of lift is unlikely to influence the exploitation of segmentation, repeating step 4), begin the exploitation of next segmentation ore body; Intact until whole orebody mining.
It is (high * wide that the section of going down the hill is of a size of 2m * 2m～3m * 4m, as follows), segmentation haulage drift section is of a size of 2m * 2m～3m * 4m, the extracting drift section is of a size of 2m * 2m～4m * 15m, the cross dimensions in cutting tunnel is 1.5m * 1.5m～3m * 3m, the cross dimensions of slot raise is 1.5m * 1.5m～4m * 6m, and the aperture of cutting groove medium-length hole is 50～65mm, and the aperture of mining medium-length hole is 50～65mm.Avoid in the lower wall country rock of weak poor stability, arranging and phase of boring haulage drift, People's Bank of China's equipment courtyard and ore chute, but arrange with driving to go down the hill near the lower wall position, thereby enlarged the range of application of sublevel caving method without sill pillar as main haulage drift at basicly stable ore body.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: change traditional sublevel caving method without sill pillar level haulageway, People's Bank of China's equipment courtyard and ore chute etc. are arranged in ore body lower wall country rock, thereby require the lower wall country rock to have the limitation that intensity and stability requirement are preferably brought.This method cancellation People's Bank of China's equipment courtyard and ore chute, main haulage drift (going down the hill and the segmentation haulage drift) is arranged in the ore body, thereby the range of application of bottom-column-free sectional caving stoping method expand that ore body is basicly stable to, in the deposit mining of the weak poor stability of floor rocks, cost of the present invention is low, ore recovery ratio is high, production safety, applied widely.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of adopting standard, cut and dig up mine of existing bottom-column-free sectional caving stoping method;
Fig. 2 is along the sectional view of I-I line among Fig. 1;
Fig. 3 is along the sectional view of II-II line among Fig. 1;
Fig. 4 is standard, cutting and the mining schematic diagram adopted of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is along the sectional view of A-A line among Fig. 4;
Fig. 6 is along the sectional view of B-B line among Fig. 4;
Among the figure: the outer level haulageway of 1 arteries and veins; The outer stage vent level of 2-arteries and veins; 3-People's Bank of China equipment courtyard; The 4-ore chute; 5-People's Bank of China equipment courtyard connecting taxiway; 6-drop shaft connecting taxiway; 7-segmentation haulage drift; The 8-extracting drift; 9-cuts the tunnel; The 10-cutting groove; 11-is gone down the hill; The 12-medium-length hole of digging up mine; The 13-overlying strata.
The specific embodiment
As Fig. 4, Fig. 5, shown in Figure 6, the bottom-column-free sectional caving stoping method of direct loading for ore, it comprises the steps:
1) when orebody thickness is 8～20m (rice), nugget along orebody trend arrange (" nugget " be meant separately by 1 extracting drift or that forms, order mining by 2～20 adjacent extracting drifts, produce and get in touch mining region more closely); When orebody thickness during greater than 20m, the vertical orebody trend of nugget is arranged;
By ground driving vertical shaft or inclined shaft, by vertical shaft or incline sinking stage haulage way, the stage haulage way communicates with vertical shaft or inclined shaft then earlier; In ore body, (reserve the thick ore river bottom protection layer of going down the hill of 0.5～1.0m) then from the thick position of lower wall rock mass 0.5～1.0m, by the stage haulage way along ore body tendency downwards driving (contain 2) more than 2 go down the hill 11 (to be also referred to as blind inclined shaft, label 11 among Fig. 5, concrete quantity is determined according to the size of ore body, go down the hill to adopt 2～10) as main haulage drift, the section of going down the hill is of a size of 2m * 2m～3m * 4m;
On vertical height, (segmentation refers to be divided into the ore body with one deck exploitation with 10～30m elevation ore body to be divided into segmentation more than at least 2, concrete quantity is determined according to the size of ore body), each segmentation is by the segmentation haulage drift 7 (label 7 among Fig. 4-5 of 11 drivings of going down the hill, promptly the height between the segmentation haulage drift is 10～30m up and down, segmentation haulage drift 7 with go down the hill 11 to communicate), segmentation haulage drift section is of a size of 2m * 2m～3m * 4m;
2) from the perpendicular extracting drift more than at least 2 the 8 (label 8 Fig. 5, Fig. 6 of segmentation haulage drift driving, concrete quantity is determined according to the size of nugget, extracting drift 8 can adopt 2～200), the extracting drift section is of a size of 2m * 2m～4m * 15m, the center to center distance of adjacent extracting drift is 8～28m in the same segmentation, the center to center distance ratio of extracting drift is the little 1～2m of height between the segmentation haulage drift up and down, form the suitable ore drawing spheroid of shape when being beneficial to ore drawing, the extracting drift of segmentation is staggeredly arranged up and down;
3) in the perpendicular cutting tunnel 9 (label 9 among Fig. 5, Fig. 6) of driving, the inner end (referring to the end of extracting drift) of extracting drift away from the segmentation haulage drift, the cross dimensions in cutting tunnel is 1.5m * 1.5m～3.0m * 3.0m, and the inner end of the extracting drift in the segmentation ore body of living in is run through in cutting tunnel 9; The cutting tunnel in the driving at least more than one vertically upward or the slot raise on being tilted to (slot raise can adopt 1～5), the cross dimensions of slot raise is 1.5m * 1.5m～4.0m * 6.0m, and slot raise connect to be gone up the base plate (base plate refers to that the soffit of drift section and this surface are to the rock stratum between the upper surface of next bar drift section) of segmentation haulage drift; At cutting back (top board refers to the rock stratum between the soffit of the supreme drift section of upper surface and this surface of drift section) vertically upward or be tilted to the cutting groove medium-length hole of Drilling at least 10 more than arranging (the cutting groove medium-length hole is in a row arranged, can adopt 10～100 rows), every row's cutting groove medium-length hole has the cutting groove medium-length hole (can adopt 3～10) more than 3 at least, the aperture of cutting groove medium-length hole is 50～65mm, the hole depth of cutting groove medium-length hole is apart from the extracting drift floor elevation 0.8～1.2m (floor elevation refers to the elevation of drift section soffit) of last segmentation, the pitch-row of cutting groove medium-length hole is 0.8～1.5m, and the array pitch of cutting groove medium-length hole is 0.8～1.5m;
4) from going up most a segmentation ore body,
1. with the slot raise scope of freedom, explosion cutting groove medium-length hole forms cutting groove 10 (label 10 among Fig. 4, Fig. 5), and this cutting groove should form thickness in each extracting drift inner end (also can adopt additive method formation cutting grooves 10 such as shallow eye shrink) on wide, the continuous explosion of the 1.5～3m scope of freedom; After the explosion, the ore that cutting groove is produced transports 1/3rd at least;
2. the mining medium-length hole more than Drilling at least 10 is arranged in the whole piece extracting drift (in a row arrange by the mining medium-length hole, can adopt 10-100 row), every row medium-length hole of digging up mine is arranged to fan-shaped, the aperture of mining medium-length hole is 50～65mm, every row dig up mine medium-length hole have 7～11 mining medium-length holes 12, apart from being 1.0～2.0m, the array pitch of mining medium-length hole is 1.0～2.5m at the bottom of the hole of mining medium-length hole; In the whole piece extracting drift with the long and medium hole drilling of digging up mine of distance, hole count, array pitch at the bottom of the aperture, hole depth, hole of regulation;
3. with the cutting groove scope of freedom, the mining medium-length hole of each extracting drift of sequence blasting, broken ore, each explosion 1～2 row's mining medium-length hole; The work plane of each bar extracting drift back coming becomes 30 °～70 ° angle to pass (see figure 6);
4. ore drawing (overlying strata refer to cover broken barren rock or the ore above the extracting drift broken ore) under the overlying strata of extracting drift termination transports with dirt loader, scraper or the mine car of manually ore directly being packed into, until cut-off grade;
5. in every extracting drift borehole blasting ore deposit that falls, then from this extracting drift ore drawing, repeat explosion fall ore deposit and ore drawing, finish until each bar extracting drift exploitation;
5) treat that a segmentation orebody mining finishes after, or go up the vertical nugget of segmentation ore body and move towards horizon mining when the exploitation of distance, the segmentation down more than 2 times of this height of lift is unlikely to influence the exploitation of segmentation, repeating step 4), begin the exploitation of next segmentation ore body; Intact until whole orebody mining.
Claims (2)
1. the bottom-column-free sectional caving stoping method of direct loading for ore is characterized in that it comprises the steps:
1) when orebody thickness was 8～20m, nugget was arranged along orebody trend; When orebody thickness during greater than 20m, the vertical orebody trend of nugget is arranged;
By ground driving vertical shaft or inclined shaft, by vertical shaft or incline sinking stage haulage way, the stage haulage way communicates with vertical shaft or inclined shaft then earlier; Then in ore body from the thick position of lower wall rock mass 0.5～1.0m, by the stage haulage way along ore body tendency driving going down the hill more than 2 downwards as main haulage drift;
On vertical height, with 10～30m elevation ore body is divided into segmentation more than 2, each segmentation is by the segmentation haulage drift of driving of going down the hill;
2) from the perpendicular extracting drift more than 2 of segmentation haulage drift driving, the center to center distance of the adjacent extracting drift of same segmentation is 8～28m, the center to center distance ratio of extracting drift is the little 1～2m of height between the segmentation haulage drift up and down, and the extracting drift of segmentation is staggeredly arranged up and down;
3) in the perpendicular cutting tunnel of driving, the inner end of extracting drift, the inner end of substoping route of living in is run through in the cutting tunnel; Tunnel slot raise vertically upward more than one or that be tilted in the cutting tunnel, slot raise connects the base plate of going up the segmentation haulage drift; At cutting back cutting groove medium-length hole more than Drilling 10 rows vertically upward or on being tilted to, every row's cutting groove medium-length hole has the cutting groove medium-length hole more than 3, the hole depth place of cutting groove medium-length hole is apart from the extracting drift floor elevation 0.8～1.2m of last segmentation, the pitch-row of cutting groove medium-length hole is 0.8～1.5m, and the array pitch of cutting groove medium-length hole is 0.8～1.5m;
4) from going up most a segmentation ore body,
1. be the scope of freedom with the slot raise, explosion cutting groove medium-length hole forms cutting groove, and this cutting groove should form thickness on wide, the continuous explosion of the 1.5～3.0m scope of freedom in each extracting drift inner end; After the explosion, the ore that cutting groove is produced transports 1/3rd at least;
2. the above mining medium-length hole of Drilling 10 row in the whole piece extracting drift, every row has 7～11 mining medium-length holes, and every row medium-length hole of digging up mine is arranged to fan-shapedly, and apart from being 1.0～2.0m, the array pitch of the medium-length hole of digging up mine is 1.0～2.5m at the bottom of the hole of mining medium-length hole;
3. with the cutting groove scope of freedom, the mining medium-length hole of each extracting drift of sequence blasting, broken ore, each explosion 1～2 row's mining medium-length hole; The work plane of each bar extracting drift back coming becomes 30 °～70 ° angle to pass;
4. ore drawing under the overlying strata of extracting drift termination transports the ore mine car of directly packing into, until cut-off grade;
5. in every extracting drift borehole blasting ore deposit that falls, then from this extracting drift ore drawing, repeat explosion fall ore deposit and ore drawing, finish until each bar extracting drift exploitation;
5) treat that a segmentation orebody mining finishes after, or go up the vertical nugget of segmentation ore body and move towards horizon mining when the exploitation of distance, the segmentation down more than 2 times of this height of lift is unlikely to influence the exploitation of segmentation, repeating step 4), begin the exploitation of next segmentation ore body; Intact until whole orebody mining.
2. the bottom-column-free sectional caving stoping method of the direct loading for ore of stating according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the section of going down the hill is of a size of 2m * 2m～3m * 4m, segmentation haulage drift section is of a size of 2m * 2m～3m * 4m, the extracting drift section is of a size of 2m * 2m～4m * 15m, the cross dimensions in cutting tunnel is 1.5m * 1.5m～3m * 3m, the cross dimensions of slot raise is 1.5m * 1.5m～4m * 6m, the aperture of cutting groove medium-length hole is 50～65mm, and the aperture of mining medium-length hole is 50～65mm.
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