CN109505606B - Pre-roof-control mechanized sublevel open stoping subsequent filling mining method - Google Patents
Pre-roof-control mechanized sublevel open stoping subsequent filling mining method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109505606B CN109505606B CN201910013977.XA CN201910013977A CN109505606B CN 109505606 B CN109505606 B CN 109505606B CN 201910013977 A CN201910013977 A CN 201910013977A CN 109505606 B CN109505606 B CN 109505606B
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
- E21C41/00—Methods of underground or surface mining; Layouts therefor
- E21C41/16—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor
- E21C41/22—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor for ores, e.g. mining placers
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F15/00—Methods or devices for placing filling-up materials in underground workings
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F15/00—Methods or devices for placing filling-up materials in underground workings
- E21F15/005—Methods or devices for placing filling-up materials in underground workings characterised by the kind or composition of the backfilling material
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of underground mine mining, relates to an underground mine mining method, and particularly relates to a pre-control top mechanized sublevel open stoping subsequent filling mining method. The method adopts subsequent filling, the mining filling is not influenced mutually, and the process is simple; pre-splitting blasting is firstly adopted on two sides of the chamber by utilizing a downward vertical medium-length hole drilling blasting method, then row-by-row and sectional blasting is carried out, and the influence of blasting on adjacent ore pillars is reduced; and the rock drilling roadway supports the top plate to prevent the top plate from falling off and smashing the ore transporting equipment. Compared with a mechanized upward sublevel filling method, the mining method has the advantages that the ton ore cost is reduced, the mining efficiency is improved, and the production cost is obviously reduced; the loss and dilution are small, the ore recovery rate is as high as 91.3%, and the problems of mining efficiency, safety and cost of a less stable difficult-to-mine deposit of an underground mine are solved.
Description
The technical field is as follows:
the invention belongs to the technical field of underground mine mining, relates to an underground mine mining method, and particularly relates to a pre-control top mechanized sublevel open stoping subsequent filling mining method.
Background art:
the mining method has a core effect in solving the mining problem of the difficult-to-mine deposit, and other technologies provide support for achieving the aim of the mining method. The filling mining method has the advantages of high recovery rate, safe operation, surface and ground protection and the like, and is widely applied to underground mines. At present, a mechanical upward access filling method or a downward access filling method is mainly adopted for unstable ore deposits difficult to mine, and a mechanical upward segmented filling mining method is adopted for a few underground mines. The mining efficiency of the upward and downward access filling method is low, and the cost is high; the upward sublevel filling mining method has relatively low mining efficiency and relatively high mining-cutting ratio because mining and filling are alternately carried out. Therefore, the problems of low efficiency and high cost of difficult-to-mine ore deposits with unstable ores are generally solved.
The invention content is as follows:
the invention provides a pre-roof-control mechanized sublevel open stoping subsequent filling mining method, which solves the problems of mining efficiency, safety and cost of a less-stable difficult-to-mine deposit of an underground mine.
The technical scheme for solving the technical problem of the invention is as follows:
a pre-control top mechanized sublevel open stoping subsequent filling mining method specifically comprises the following steps:
1) the method comprises the steps of developing a roadway in two adjacent middle sections to divide an ore block into one middle section, dividing the middle section into a plurality of subsections, and leaving no top pillar in each subsection; arranging a stope along the direction vertical to the trend of the ore body, wherein the stope is divided into a plurality of adjacent ore rooms and ore pillars;
2) carrying out mining-preparation engineering construction, wherein the mining-preparation engineering comprises an ore body upper wall vein inner ore removal combined roadway and an ore removal roadway, an ore body lower wall vein inner rock drilling combined roadway, an ore body upper wall vein outer slope way and an ore body lower wall vein outer slope way;
3) respectively performing rock drilling roadway and ore removal roadway tunneling on the chamber, and performing shotcrete and anchor net supporting on the top plate; after the rock drilling roadway is finished, carrying out spray anchor net supporting on the tunnel face of the rock drilling roadway; after the construction of the ore removal tunnel is completed, forming a cutting well and expanding the cutting well into a groove between the rock drilling tunnel and the ore removal tunnel by adopting a medium-length hole blasting well forming technology;
4) adopting downward vertical medium-length hole rock drilling blasting to carry out stoping, firstly carrying out presplitting blasting on two sides of a stope, then adopting row-by-row and segmented blasting, and carrying out ventilation after blasting is finished; the remote control carrying forklift carries the ores to the ore pass through the ore removal roadway and the ore removal combined roadway for centralized ore removal; after stoping of the chamber is finished, filling the chamber with filling materials;
5) after the chamber is filled and the formed filling body reaches the specified strength, performing the operation of the step 3) on the ore pillar, performing row-by-row and sectional blasting for stoping, and ventilating after blasting is finished; the remote control carrying forklift carries the ores to the ore pass through the ore removal roadway and the ore removal combined roadway for centralized ore removal; and after the stoping of the ore pillar is finished, filling the bottom layer and the upper layer of the ore pillar by using the filling materials in sequence.
Furthermore, the height of each section is 10-15 m, the width of the chamber is 6-10 m, and the length is the thickness of the ore body.
Furthermore, an air inlet well is arranged on the upper plate of the ore body, and a filling air return well is arranged on the lower plate of the ore body; during ventilation, fresh air flow enters the chamber from the air inlet shaft through the ore removal connecting roadway, and dirty air enters the filling return air shaft through the rock drilling connecting roadway and reaches the upper middle section return air roadway and is discharged.
Further, the construction is stopped when the rock drilling roadway is tunneled until the horizontal distance of the side wall of the ore removal roadway is 5 m; and stopping construction when the ore removal roadway is tunneled for 5 m.
Furthermore, the section specifications of the rock drilling roadway and the ore removal roadway are the same, and the width and the height of the rock drilling roadway and the ore removal roadway are respectively 6m and 3.5 m; the length and width of the groove cross section are 6m and 2.5m respectively.
Furthermore, the filling material of the chamber is a mixture of a consolidation material and full tailings, and the ratio is 1: 8; the filling materials of the bottom layer and the upper layer of the ore pillar are a mixture of consolidation materials and full tailings, and the mixture ratio of the consolidation materials to the full tailings is 1:20 and 1:12 respectively.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: the method adopts subsequent filling, the mining filling is not influenced mutually, and the process is simple; pre-splitting blasting is firstly adopted on two sides of the chamber by utilizing a downward vertical medium-length hole drilling blasting method, and then row-by-row and sectional blasting is carried out, so that the influence of blasting on adjacent ore pillars is reduced; and the rock drilling roadway supports the top plate to prevent the top plate from falling off and smashing the ore transporting equipment. Compared with a mechanized upward sublevel filling method, the mining method has the advantages that the ton ore cost is reduced, the mining efficiency is improved, and the production cost is obviously reduced; the loss and dilution are small, the ore recovery rate is as high as 91.3%, and the problems of mining efficiency, safety and cost of a less stable difficult-to-mine deposit of an underground mine are solved.
Drawings
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and detailed description:
FIG. 1 is a front view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a sectional view A-A of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view B-B of FIG. 1;
fig. 4 is a schematic view of a rock drilling roadway structure in the present invention;
FIG. 5 is an axial vertical cross-sectional view of the filled chamber of this embodiment;
fig. 6 is a layout diagram of the pre-split holes and the main blastholes in the present embodiment.
The numbers in the figures are as follows: 1-pass shaft; 2-ore body; 3-drilling a rock and connecting lane; 4-ore removal and lane connection; 5-a chamber; 6-pillar mining; 7-cutting the well; 8-a filling body; 9-filling a return air shaft; 10-an air inlet well; 11-ramp contact road; 12-ramp; 13-filling retaining walls; 14-a filling tube; 15-filling material; 16-ore body upper plate; 17-ore body footwall; 18-developing a roadway in the middle section; 19-ore removal roadway; 20-drilling a roadway; 21-main blast hole; 22-Pre-split holes.
Detailed Description
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1 to 6, a method for pre-roof-controlled mechanized sublevel open-stoping subsequent filling mining specifically comprises the following steps:
1) the development roadway 18 is developed at two adjacent middle sections to divide the ore blocks into one middle section, and then the middle section is divided into a plurality of sections, and each section does not leave a top pillar; a stope is arranged along the direction vertical to the ore body 2, and is divided into a plurality of adjacent stopes 5 and pillars 6;
wherein the height of each section is 10-15 m, the width of the chamber 5 is 6-10 m, and the length is the thickness of the ore body 2;
2) carrying out mining engineering construction, wherein the mining engineering comprises an ore body upper plate 16 vein inner ore removal combined lane 4 and an ore removal lane 19, an ore body lower plate 17 vein inner rock drilling combined lane 3, an ore body upper plate 16 and an ore body lower plate 17 vein outer slope lane 12;
the concrete mining engineering is as follows: a slope way 12 is respectively arranged outside the vein of the ore body upper plate 16 and the ore body lower plate 17, and the slope way 12 is communicated with the rock drilling combined lane 3 and the ore removal combined lane 4 through a slope way connecting way 11; an ore removal combined roadway 4 and an ore removal roadway 19 are arranged in the vein of the ore body upper plate 16, a rock drilling combined roadway 3 is arranged in the vein of the ore body lower plate 17, an air inlet shaft 10 is arranged on the ore body upper plate 16, and a filling return air shaft 9 is arranged on the ore body lower plate 17.
3) Respectively performing excavation on a rock drilling roadway 20 and an ore removal roadway 19 of the chamber 5, performing anchor net spraying support on a top plate of the rock drilling roadway 20, and then performing anchor net spraying support on a tunnel face; after the construction of the ore removal tunnel 19 is completed, a cutting well 7 is tunneled and expanded into a groove between the rock drilling tunnel 20 and the ore removal tunnel 19 by adopting a medium-length hole blasting well forming technology;
the construction of the rock drilling tunnel 20 is stopped until the horizontal distance of the side wall of the ore removal tunnel 19 is 5 m; and stopping construction when the ore removal tunnel 19 is tunneled for 5 m. The section specifications of the rock drilling roadway 20 and the ore removal roadway 19 are the same, and the width and the height of the rock drilling roadway are 6m and 3.5m respectively. The length and width of the cross section of the groove are 6m and 2.5m respectively.
4) Adopting downward vertical deep hole drilling blasting to carry out stoping of the chamber 5, firstly adopting presplitting blasting on two sides of the chamber 5, then adopting row-by-row and segmented blasting, and ventilating after blasting is finished; the remote control carrying forklift carries the ore to the ore pass 1 for centralized ore removal through the ore removal roadway 19 and the ore removal combined roadway 4; after the stoping of the chamber 5 is finished, filling the chamber 5 with the filling material 15;
5) after the chamber 5 is filled and the formed filling body 8 reaches the specified strength, performing the operation of the step 3) on the ore pillar 6, drilling by adopting a downward vertical medium-length hole, performing row-by-row and sectional blasting for stoping, and ventilating after blasting is finished; the remote control carrying forklift carries the ore to the ore pass 1 for centralized ore removal through the ore removal roadway 19 and the ore removal combined roadway 4; after the stoping of the ore pillar 6 is completed, the ore pillar 6 is sequentially filled with the bottom layer and the upper layer by using the filling material 15.
In this implementation, the presplitting blasting in step 4): pre-split holes 22 are drilled at two sides of the chamber 5 and the end part of the upper disc, the distance between the openings of the pre-split holes 22 and the sides is not more than 0.3m, and the pre-split holes 22 are required to be in the same plane; the pre-split hole 22 is detonated before the main bore 21.
In the embodiment, for safety guarantee, fresh air flow enters the chamber 5 from the air inlet shaft 10 through the ore removal combined lane 4 to reach the construction position during ventilation, and dirty air enters the filling return air shaft 9 through the rock drilling combined lane 3 to reach the upper middle section return air tunnel and then is discharged.
In this embodiment, the filling process of the chamber 5 is as follows: a. a filling retaining wall 13 is built in the ore removal roadway 19, and a window is reserved at the upper end of the filling retaining wall 13 built at the joint of the ore room 5 and the rock drilling united roadway 3; b. filling the filling pipe 14 into the chamber 5 through the window; c. and when the rock drilling tunnel is filled to 2m away from the top plate of the rock drilling tunnel 20, the filling pipe 14 is fixed to continue filling. The window is reserved at the upper end of the filling retaining wall 13 built at the joint of the ore room 5 and the rock drilling combined roadway 3, so that the filling pipe 14 is fixed on a top plate of the rock drilling roadway 20, and the filling condition is conveniently observed by a constructor.
The pillar 6 filling process differs from the chamber 5 filling process in that; the filling of the ore pillar 6 is divided into bottom layer filling and upper layer filling, and bottom layer filling materials 15 and upper layer filling materials 15 sequentially enter the ore pillar 6 through a filling pipe 14 to form a filling body 8. The filling material 15 of the chamber 5 is a mixture of consolidation material and full tailings, and the ratio is 1: 8; the filling materials 15 of the bottom layer and the upper layer of the ore pillar 6 are a consolidation material and a full tailing mixture, and the mixture ratio is 1:20 and 1:12 respectively. The larger the proportion is, the higher the strength is, the sinking of the top surface of the lower subsection when the remote control forklift carries out the work of the upper subsection is avoided, and the construction safety is ensured.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are also included in the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope defined by the claims.
The present invention is not described in detail, but is known to those skilled in the art.
Claims (6)
1. A pre-control top mechanized sublevel open stoping subsequent filling mining method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) mining blocks are divided into a middle section in two adjacent middle section development roadways (18), then the middle section is divided into a plurality of subsections, and each subsection does not leave a top pillar; the stope is arranged along the direction vertical to the ore body (2) and is divided into a plurality of adjacent ore rooms (5) and ore pillars (6);
2) carrying out mining engineering construction, wherein the mining engineering comprises an ore body upper plate (16) intra-vein ore removal combined roadway (4) and an ore removal roadway (19), an ore body lower plate (17) intra-vein rock drilling combined roadway (3), an ore body upper plate (16) and an ore body lower plate (17) intra-vein slope way (12);
3) respectively performing excavation on a rock drilling roadway (20) and a mine removal roadway (19) of the chamber (5), and performing spray anchor net support on a top plate; after the rock drilling roadway (20) is finished, carrying out spray anchor net supporting on the tunnel face of the rock drilling roadway; after the construction of the ore removal tunnel (19) is finished, a cutting well (7) is formed and expanded into a groove between the rock drilling tunnel (20) and the ore removal tunnel (19) by adopting a medium-length hole blasting well forming technology;
4) adopting downward vertical medium-length hole rock drilling blasting to carry out stoping of the chamber (5), firstly carrying out presplitting blasting on two sides of the chamber (5), then adopting row-by-row and segmented blasting, and carrying out ventilation after blasting is finished; the remote control forklift transports the ores to the ore pass (1) for centralized ore removal through the ore removal roadway (19) and the ore removal combined roadway (4); after the stoping of the chamber (5) is finished, filling the chamber (5) with a filling material (15);
5) after the chamber (5) is filled and the formed filling body (8) reaches the specified strength, the operation of the step 3) is carried out on the ore pillar (6), then row-by-row and sectional blasting is carried out for stoping, and ventilation is carried out after blasting is finished; the remote control forklift transports the ores to the ore pass (1) for centralized ore removal through the ore removal roadway (19) and the ore removal combined roadway (4); after the stoping of the ore pillar (6) is finished, the ore pillar (6) is sequentially filled with the bottom layer and the upper layer by the filling material (15).
2. The open-stope subsequent-filling mining method of the pre-controlled-roof mechanized sublevel according to claim 1, characterized in that the height of each sublevel is 10-15 m, the width of the chamber (5) is 6-10 m, and the length is the thickness of the ore body (2).
3. A pre-roof-controlled mechanized sublevel open-stoping subsequent filling mining method according to claim 1, characterized in that the ore body upper tray (16) is arranged with an air inlet shaft (10), the ore body lower tray (17) is arranged with a filling return air shaft (9); during ventilation, fresh air flow enters the chamber (5) from the air inlet shaft (10) through the ore removal connection roadway (4), and dirty air enters the filling air return shaft (9) through the rock drilling connection roadway (3) and reaches the upper and middle section air return roadway and is discharged.
4. The method for pre-roof-controlled mechanized sublevel open-stoping subsequent filling mining according to claim 1, characterized in that the construction is stopped when the rock drilling tunnel (20) is tunneled until the horizontal distance of the side wall of the ore removal tunnel (19) is 5 m; and stopping construction when the ore removal roadway (19) is tunneled for 5 m.
5. A pre-roof-controlled mechanized sublevel open-stoping subsequent filling mining method according to claim 1, characterized in that the section specifications of the rock drilling roadway (20) and the ore removal roadway (19) are the same, and the width and the height thereof are 6m and 3.5m respectively; the length and width of the groove cross section are 6m and 2.5m respectively.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the filling (15) of the chamber (5) is a mixture of consolidated material and full tailings in a ratio of 1: 8; the filling materials (15) of the bottom layer and the upper layer of the ore pillar (6) are a mixture of consolidation materials and full tailings, and the mixture ratio of the consolidation materials to the full tailings is 1:20 and 1:12 respectively.
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| CN111550248B (en) * | 2020-05-20 | 2021-06-01 | 长沙矿山研究院有限责任公司 | Pre-roof-protecting sublevel open-stoping subsequent filling mining method |
| CN113202473B (en) * | 2021-05-21 | 2023-12-08 | 中煤第七十一工程处有限责任公司 | Underground mine broken rock downward mining method |
| CN113202472B (en) * | 2021-05-21 | 2024-01-23 | 中煤第七十一工程处有限责任公司 | Underground mine sectioning, layering, striping and upward layering mining method |
| CN116201546B (en) * | 2023-05-06 | 2023-07-07 | 矿冶科技集团有限公司 | Method for constructing ventilation filling facilities by downward segmented open stope subsequent filling mining method |
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| CN102155228A (en) * | 2011-02-21 | 2011-08-17 | 中南大学 | Fully-segmented presplitting squeezing primary-blasting mining method |
| CN102606159B (en) * | 2012-03-26 | 2014-04-09 | 中南大学 | Medium thick heavy-pitch crushed ore body frame type artificial top downward segmenting cemented filling method |
| CN102720500A (en) * | 2012-05-24 | 2012-10-10 | 青海山金矿业有限公司 | Mechanized underground mining method for sharply inclined thin ore body |
| CN103184870A (en) * | 2013-03-05 | 2013-07-03 | 安徽金日盛矿业有限责任公司 | Open backfilling mining method during borehole drilling period |
| CN104453901A (en) * | 2014-12-08 | 2015-03-25 | 广西大学 | Sublevel open-stoping mining method with subsequent backfilling for long-hole caving in thin ore bodies |
| CN106677780B (en) * | 2017-02-21 | 2018-09-14 | 中冶北方（大连）工程技术有限公司 | Bottom ore removal afterwards filling mining method is cut in a kind of upward and downward stage rock drilling segmentation |
| CN107130962A (en) * | 2017-05-23 | 2017-09-05 | 西北矿冶研究院 | Sublevel caving subsequent cemented filling mining method for thick and large ore body |
| CN107869349B (en) * | 2017-11-16 | 2019-06-04 | 北京科技大学 | A kind of mechanized mining method of gently inclined medium thick orebody |
| CN108442930B (en) * | 2018-03-15 | 2019-10-11 | 中南大学 | A kind of Medium Thickness And Medium Slope Angle metal ore mining methods |
| CN108843382A (en) * | 2018-05-31 | 2018-11-20 | 西北矿冶研究院 | Downward subsequent filling method suitable for unstable medium-thickness ore body of gently inclined surrounding rock |
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