CN111706328B - Mining method for treating goaf left pillars by filling method - Google Patents
Mining method for treating goaf left pillars by filling method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111706328B CN111706328B CN202010746866.2A CN202010746866A CN111706328B CN 111706328 B CN111706328 B CN 111706328B CN 202010746866 A CN202010746866 A CN 202010746866A CN 111706328 B CN111706328 B CN 111706328B
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000005641 tunneling Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010878 waste rock Substances 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005429 filling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052755 nonmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 210000003462 vein Anatomy 0.000 description 1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
- E21C41/00—Methods of underground or surface mining; Layouts therefor
- E21C41/16—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
- E21C41/00—Methods of underground or surface mining; Layouts therefor
- E21C41/16—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor
- E21C41/22—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor for ores, e.g. mining placers
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F1/00—Ventilation of mines or tunnels; Distribution of ventilating currents
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F15/00—Methods or devices for placing filling-up materials in underground workings
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
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- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
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- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a mining method for treating a goaf left-over stud by a filling method, wherein an ore removal tunnel is tunneled in a lateral stud (16) of a middle-section haulage tunnel (1) to reach an ore body hanging wall, and a fan-shaped medium-length hole is adopted to expand the top of the ore removal tunnel to form a bell-mouth-shaped bottom structure; cutting patios (12) and pedestrian ventilation patios (3) are respectively arranged on the wall mine rock contact surface on the stud and in the wall rock on the lower wall, and are communicated with the upper and middle section return air tunnels, and layered communication tunnels (9) are tunneled in the pedestrian ventilation patios (3) at a certain height interval along the vertical direction to reach the boundary of the lower wall of the stud. And then, circularly drilling upward parallel blast holes (11), charging and blasting, forced ventilation and caving ore (7) from bottom to top layer by layer one by one until the whole pillar is completely mined, and then completely discharging the caving ore (7) by using a scraper and filling a goaf, so that the pillar ore recovery rate is improved, the ore dilution rate is reduced, and the working environment of a working face is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of underground mining, and particularly relates to a method for mining a metal and nonmetal underground mine stud, which is particularly suitable for mining a left stud with goafs processed by filling methods on two sides.
Background
At present, most underground mines at home and abroad develop mineral resources by using an open stope subsequent filling mining method, and both a shallow hole shrinkage stope subsequent filling mining method and a sublevel open stope subsequent filling mining method divide ore blocks into ore rooms and studs, firstly stope the ore rooms and fill the ore rooms, and then stope the studs. The mining method is mainly applicable to: firstly, the ore and the surrounding rock are stable and do not fall down naturally in the stoping process; the thickness of the ore body is preferably thin and medium thick; the dip angle of the ore body is over the steep dip; the ore has no caking and naturalness; the surface is not allowed to collapse. Since the advent, the mining method has been popularized and applied in many mines, and still many mines are using the mining method at the present stage, such as Huangshan lead-zinc-gold-silver ore of Shandong Jinxitai group, Fengyang Jinpeng mining industry of Anhui, lead-zinc-gold-silver ore of Jiangsu gold-flame Aijing mountain, strontium ore of Yunan copper factory, etc.
When a mine is divided into a room and a stud, a dividing method with a large room proportion and a small stud proportion is generally selected, so that the defects of low ore production efficiency, high ore dilution rate, poor operation safety and the like are inevitably caused when the stoping of the room is finished and the stud is stoped after filling, the safety and high-efficiency mining of the stud is difficult to realize, and particularly, the stud mining always troubles many mine enterprises when rare metals, precious metals and high-grade ore vein are mined. In view of the above difficulties, many mines are forced to abandon the recovery pillars, so that a large number of pillars are left after the stoping of the chamber is finished, and natural mineral resources are seriously wasted.
Chinese patent 201611105285.0 discloses a pillared recovery method for reproducing a covering layer by combining goaf waste rock filling and top surrounding rock caving, which adopts the technical scheme that: firstly, filling a goaf formed when a stoping chamber is filled with waste rocks, and reserving a certain space; secondly, dividing the stud into a plurality of layers along the vertical direction, digging a rock drilling roadway in the center of the bottom of each layer, and caving the surrounding rock at the top of the stud to form a covering layer; then, an upward fan-shaped medium-length hole blasting scraper is adopted to carry out ore removal, and the ore pillars are sequentially advanced and retreated in the layer from top to bottom. Although the method realizes ore drawing under overlying strata, reduces the exposed area of a goaf and recovers part of pillars, the method also has the following technical defects:
(1) according to the theory of ore drawing ellipsoid, when carrying out shoveling ore drawing, because the layering is high, when about 1/3-1/2 ore is discharged, the ore is mixed into the barren rocks until the discharged barren rocks are completely discharged, the ore drawing is forced to stop, and the permanent loss of the ore is caused.
(2) The two sides of the stud are filled waste rocks, and when the shoveling and ore removal are carried out, the ores at the upper part can not be discharged completely, the waste rocks at the two sides begin to flow to the ore removal roadway under the action of self weight, so that the ore dilution is serious;
(3) the shoveling and ore removal are carried out in a single-head roadway every time, so that a through air flow cannot be formed, the ventilation of a working surface is difficult, and the operation safety condition is poor;
(4) and fan-shaped medium-length hole ore falling and scraper ore removal are adopted in each layer, so that rock drilling and scraper equipment needs to be carried back and forth, a large number of equipment operation channels need to be tunneled, and the mining accurate cutting engineering quantity is greatly increased.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the defects in the prior art and provide a mining method for processing a goaf left-over stud by a filling method.
In order to achieve the purpose, the mining method for treating the goaf left-over studs by the filling method adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention relates to a mining method for treating goaf left-over studs by a filling method, wherein studs are arranged in an ore body, ore rooms are arranged on two sides of the studs, a middle transportation roadway is arranged on the lower wall of the ore body, and the mining method is implemented by adopting the following steps:
1) tunneling a pedestrian ventilation patio in footwall surrounding rocks on one side of a middle-section transportation roadway of the ore body footwall to be communicated with an upper middle-section air return roadway, tunneling a layered communication roadway to reach a footwall ore rock contact surface in a direction perpendicular to a stud at intervals of 2-10 meters in the pedestrian ventilation patio, and dividing the stud into a plurality of layers in the vertical direction;
2) after stoping of the ore rooms on two sides of the stud is finished and a filling body formed by filling tailings by adopting a cemented filling method reaches specified maintenance strength, excavating an ore removal roadway into the stud from one side of the middle-section transportation roadway along the direction vertical to the trend direction of the ore body to reach a hanging wall rock contact surface of the ore body, excavating a cutting raise along the hanging wall rock contact surface at the end part of the ore removal roadway upwards to penetrate through an upper-middle-section return air roadway to serve as an air return channel for an initial rock drilling blasting free surface and later-stage layered stope operation;
3) drilling fan-shaped medium-length holes upwards along the top of the ore removal tunnel, wherein included angles alpha between the fan-shaped medium-length holes on two sides and the horizontal direction are larger than 45 degrees, the cutting raise and the ore removal tunnel are used as free surfaces, a bell-mouth-shaped bottom structure is formed after row-by-row blasting, a scraper is used for discharging part of ores, the rest of ores are temporarily reserved in a stud space and used as a working platform for continuous upward mining, and the height of a rock drilling working space required by the working platform is 2-3 m;
4) an operator enters a stope through a pedestrian ventilation raise and a layering communication channel, drills upward parallel blast holes, the depth of the upward parallel blast holes required by rock drilling is appropriate to the layering height of the studs, then, the links of charging, connecting line blasting and ventilation are gradually implemented, and then, a scraper is operated in a bottom ore removal roadway to perform local ore drawing operation, wherein the ore amount discharged each time accounts for 30-38% of the total amount of the caving ore; in order to facilitate the drilling and blasting operation of personnel on the shrinkage pile, the top prying and leveling operation should be carried out after the partial ore drawing;
5) the method comprises the steps of sequentially circulating rock drilling, blasting, ventilating, local ore drawing and top prying normal operation links in each layered stope from bottom to top until all the pillars are completely mined, and shoveling and conveying all the ores in the reserved pillars to a chute arranged on one side of a ore body footwall middle section conveying roadway by using a scraper; and after ore removal of all ores in the stud space is finished, filling operation is carried out.
Furthermore, the section specification of the ore removal roadway is 3.5m multiplied by 3.5 m-4.5 m multiplied by 4.5 m.
Furthermore, the height of the horn mouth-shaped bottom structure is 3-8 m.
Furthermore, the specification of the cutting courtyard is a rectangular section with the side length of 1.2-2 m, and the specification of the pedestrian ventilation courtyard is a rectangular section with the side length of 1.2-1.8 m.
Furthermore, the specification side length of the layered connecting channel is a rectangular section of 1-1.5 m.
By adopting the technical scheme, the mining method for treating the goaf left-over studs by the filling method achieves the purposes of realizing wind flow communication in a stope, improving the ore recovery rate, reducing the ore dilution rate, reducing the mining process quantity, avoiding overlarge goaf exposed area and improving the working environment. The concrete positive effects are as follows:
(1) only partial ore pillars are reserved above two sides of the ore removal roadway at the bottom of the stud for forming a bottom structure, so that the stud recovery rate is more than 95 percent, and stud mineral resources are greatly recovered.
(2) According to the stability of the ore rock and the filling body, the layered rock drilling height can be randomly changed, so that the mining blasting disturbance is reduced, the deformation of the surrounding rock is controlled, the mixing rate of waste rock and the dilution rate of ore are reduced, and the exposure scale of a stope is controlled.
(3) A cutting raise is arranged on the upper disc of the stud to penetrate through an upper middle section air return roadway, a pedestrian ventilation raise is arranged on the lower disc of the stud, fresh air flow enters a working face through the pedestrian ventilation raise and a layered connecting channel in each rock drilling and blasting operation link, and dirty air is discharged through the cutting raise after a stope is washed, so that circulating penetrating air flow is formed, the ventilation condition of the working face is improved, and a good operation environment is favorably built.
(4) The mining and cutting workload required by rock drilling tunnels and carrying rock drilling equipment is not required to be arranged in each layer, and a large amount of ore is uniformly drawn after all the layers are stoped, so that the mining and cutting workload can be obviously reduced and the production efficiency of a stope can be improved.
(5) When the filling is completed by the pillar mining, only the closed retaining wall needs to be built at the bottom of the ore removal roadway and the bottom entrance of the pedestrian ventilation patio, so that the consumption of materials for constructing and filling the retaining wall is reduced, the filling cost is reduced, and the filling efficiency is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an elevation view of a mining method for a fill process for treating a goaf remnant compartment in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a view taken along line A-A of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a view taken along line B-B of FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a view taken along line C-C of FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is an elevation view of a mining method arrangement substructure for a filling process for treating a goaf remnant stud;
figure 6 is an elevational view of a mining method of the present invention after formation of a substructure for a fill process to treat a goaf remnant stud.
The reference signs are: 1-middle section transportation roadway; 2-ore removal roadway; 3-pedestrian ventilation patio; 4-pass shaft; 5-a filling body; 6-pillar mining; 7-ore caving; 8-hanging a rock contact surface; 9-layered contact road; 10-a working platform; 11-upward parallel blast holes; 12-cutting the raise; 13-footwall surrounding rock; 14-a bottom structure; 15-rock drilling working space; 16-studs; 17-footwall rock contact surface; 18-fan-shaped medium-length hole.
Detailed Description
To better describe the present invention, a mining method for treating a goaf remaining section by a filling method according to the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, the front view of the mining method for treating goaf left-over studs by the filling method is combined with fig. 2, fig. 3, fig. 4, fig. 5 and fig. 6, the mining method for treating goaf left-over studs by the filling method is provided with studs 16 in a mine body, two sides of the studs 16 are provided with mine rooms, and a middle transportation roadway 1 is arranged under the mine body, and the mining method is implemented by the following steps:
1) a pedestrian ventilation raise 3 with the specification of 1.5m multiplied by 1.5m is tunneled in the footwall surrounding rock 13 at one side of the middle section transportation lane 1 of the footwall of the ore body to be communicated with the upper middle section return air lane, a layered connecting channel 9 with the specification of 1.2m multiplied by 1.8m is tunneled in the pedestrian ventilation raise 3 every 2-6 m according to the direction vertical to the studs 16 to reach the footwall ore rock contact surface 17, and the studs 16 are divided into a plurality of layers along the vertical direction;
2) after stoping of the ore rooms on two sides of the stud 16 is finished and a filling body 5 formed by filling tailings by a cemented filling method reaches a specified maintenance strength, a three-arch ore removal roadway 2 with the specification of 3.5m multiplied by 3.5m is tunneled into the stud 16 from one side of the middle section haulage roadway 1 along the direction vertical to the trend direction of the ore body to reach a hanging wall rock contact surface 8 on the ore body, and a rectangular cutting raise 12 with the specification of 1.5m multiplied by 1.5m is tunneled upwards along the hanging wall rock contact surface 8 at the end part of the ore removal roadway 2 to penetrate through the upper and middle section return air roadway to serve as a return air channel of an initial rock drilling blasting free surface and later-stage layered stope operation;
3) drilling the fan-shaped medium-length holes 18 upwards along the top of the ore removal roadway 2, wherein included angles alpha between the fan-shaped medium-length holes 18 on the two sides and the horizontal direction are both larger than 45 degrees, and the depth of the medium-length holes 18 is preferably 2-5 m; the cutting raise 12 and the ore removal roadway 2 are used as free surfaces, the horn mouth-shaped bottom structure 14 is formed after row-by-row blasting, and the height of the horn mouth-shaped bottom structure 14 is preferably 3-8 m. A scraper is adopted to discharge part of ores, the rest of ores are temporarily left in a space of a stud 16 to serve as a working platform 10 for continuous upward mining, and the height of a rock drilling working space 15 required by the working platform 10 is preferably 2-3 m;
4) an operator enters a stope through a pedestrian ventilation patio 3 and a layered communication channel 9, drills upward parallel blast holes 11, the depth of the upward parallel blast holes 11 required by rock drilling is appropriate to the layered height of a stud 16, then, charging, line blasting and ventilation operation links are gradually implemented, then, a scraper is operated in a bottom ore removal roadway 2 to carry out local ore drawing operation, and the ore amount discharged each time accounts for 30% -38% of the total amount of the caving ore 7; carrying out prying and leveling operation after local ore drawing;
5) the normal operation links of rock drilling, blasting, ventilation, local ore drawing and top prying are circulated in each layered stope in sequence from bottom to top until the whole stud 16 is completely mined, and then a scraper is used for shoveling and conveying all the ores in the reserved stud 16 to a chute 4 arranged on one side of a ore body footwall middle section transportation roadway 1; after ore removal of all ores in the space of the stud 16 is finished, the filling retaining wall is used for closing the lower inlets of the ore removal roadway 2 and the pedestrian ventilation patio 3, and then filling operation is carried out.
As shown in the front view of the mining method for treating the goaf remaining stud by the filling method in the invention shown in fig. 1 and combined with fig. 2, the mining method only leaves a part of ore pillars 6 above two sides of the ore removal roadway 2 at the bottom of the stud 16 to form the bottom structure 14, and the recovery rate of the stud 16 can be more than 95 percent.
Claims (1)
1. The mining method for treating the goaf left studs by the filling method is characterized in that the method comprises the following steps:
1) tunneling a pedestrian ventilation patio (3) in footwall surrounding rocks (13) on one side of a middle-section transportation roadway (1) of the footwall of an ore body to be communicated with an upper middle-section air return roadway, tunneling a layered connection road (9) in the pedestrian ventilation patio (3) at intervals of 2-6 meters in the direction perpendicular to a stud (16) to reach a footwall ore rock contact surface (17), and dividing the stud (16) into a plurality of layers in the vertical direction; the specification side length of the layered connecting channel (9) is a rectangular section of 1-1.5 m; the specification of the pedestrian ventilation patio (3) is a rectangular section with the side length of 1.2-1.8 m;
2) after stoping of the ore rooms on two sides of the stud (16) is finished and a filling body (5) formed by filling tailings by adopting a cemented filling method reaches specified maintenance strength, a mining roadway (2) is tunneled into the stud (16) from one side of the middle-section transportation roadway (1) along the direction perpendicular to the trend direction of the ore body to reach an upper-section ore rock contact surface (8) of the ore body, and a cutting raise (12) is tunneled upwards along the upper-section ore rock contact surface (8) at the end part of the mining roadway (2) to penetrate through an upper-section return air roadway to serve as an initial rock drilling blasting free surface and a return air channel for later-stage layered stope operation; the section specification of the ore removal roadway (2) is 3.5m multiplied by 3.5 m-4.5 m multiplied by 4.5 m;
3) upwards drilling fan-shaped medium-length holes (18) along the top of the ore removal roadway (2), wherein included angles alpha between the fan-shaped medium-length holes (18) on two sides and the horizontal direction are both larger than 45 degrees, and the depth of the medium-length holes (18) is 2-5 m; the cutting raise (12) and the ore removal roadway (2) are taken as free surfaces, a bell-mouth-shaped bottom structure (14) is formed after row-by-row blasting, and the height of the bell-mouth-shaped bottom structure (14) is 3-8 m; a scraper is adopted to discharge part of ores, the rest of ores are temporarily left in a stud (16) space to serve as a working platform (10) for continuous upward mining, and the height of a rock drilling operation space required by the working platform (10) is 2-3 m; the specification of the cutting raise (12) is a rectangular section with the side length of 1.2-2 m; 4) an operator enters a stope through a pedestrian ventilation patio (3) and a layering connecting channel (9), drills upward parallel blast holes (11), the depth of the upward parallel blast holes (11) required by rock drilling is appropriate to the layering height of a stud (16), then, charging, connecting line blasting and ventilation operation links are gradually implemented, then, a scraper is operated in a bottom ore removal roadway (2) to carry out local ore drawing operation, and the ore amount discharged each time accounts for 30% -38% of the total amount of the ore (7) to be blown down; carrying out top prying and flat field operation after local ore drawing;
4) the method comprises the steps of sequentially circulating rock drilling, blasting, ventilating, local ore drawing and top prying normal operation links in each layered stope from bottom to top until all the studs (16) are completely mined, and shoveling and conveying all the ores in the remaining studs (16) to a chute (4) arranged on one side of a ore body footwall middle section transportation roadway (1) by using a shoveling and conveying machine; after ore removal of all ores in the space of the stud (16) is finished, filling operation is carried out;
5) and partial ore pillars (6) are reserved above two sides of the ore removal roadway (2) at the bottom of the stud (16) to form a bottom structure (14), and finally the recovery rate of the stud (16) is more than 95%.
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| CN112943249A (en) * | 2021-03-18 | 2021-06-11 | 福建兴万祥建设集团有限公司 | Low-dilution high-efficiency mining method for ore body at deep side of gold copper ore |
| CN113847029B (en) * | 2021-09-09 | 2023-12-08 | 江西省修水香炉山钨业有限责任公司 | Surrounding column extraction method for underground mine high and large point column |
| CN113863930A (en) * | 2021-09-10 | 2021-12-31 | 中南大学 | Method for converting traditional mining mode of underground mine into green tailless mining |
| CN114086959A (en) * | 2021-11-16 | 2022-02-25 | 铜陵有色金属集团股份有限公司 | Bottom structure of large-diameter high-neck funnel, construction method and stoping method |
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| RU2247244C1 (en) * | 2003-08-21 | 2005-02-27 | Государственное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Южно-Российский государственный технический университет (Новочеркасский политехнический институт)" ГОУ ВПО ЮРГТУ (НПИ) | Method for extraction of steep-falling and slanting deposits of low and average power |
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| CN106522955B (en) * | 2016-12-05 | 2018-10-12 | 广西大学 | Dead zone waste fill cooperates with the studding recovery method of reconstruction coating with top country rock avalanche |
| CN106677780B (en) * | 2017-02-21 | 2018-09-14 | 中冶北方（大连）工程技术有限公司 | Bottom ore removal afterwards filling mining method is cut in a kind of upward and downward stage rock drilling segmentation |
| CN107989614B (en) * | 2017-12-06 | 2019-04-26 | 昆明冶金高等专科学校 | The mining methods of the inclined thick ore body of disk rock crusher in a kind of back production |
| CN108222940A (en) * | 2018-02-10 | 2018-06-29 | 广西华洋矿源材料有限公司 | A kind of recovery method of manganese ore |
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| CN108661646B (en) * | 2018-04-17 | 2019-12-31 | 中冶北方（大连）工程技术有限公司 | False roof pillar type shrinkage and post filling mining method |
| CN111075448B (en) * | 2019-11-14 | 2021-06-22 | 南华大学 | Method for recovering residual ores in stope by shallow hole room-column method |
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